Cyjanaza
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Cyjanoza, objaw niedotlenienia tkanek manifestujący się siniczym zabarwieniem skóry, warg i paznokci, ma rokowanie ściśle zależne od etiologii, czasu trwania hipoksemii oraz szybkości wdrożenia leczenia. Cyjanoza obwodowa, związana z wazokonstrykcją naczyń obwodowych, zwykle ma dobre rokowanie i jest odwracalna po przywróceniu prawidłowego przepływu krwi, natomiast cyjanoza centralna, obejmująca błony śluzowe i język, wskazuje na poważne zaburzenia utlenowania krwi tętniczej i wymaga pilnej interwencji. Warto zwrócić uwagę na towarzyszące objawy, takie jak duszność, ból w klatce piersiowej czy zaburzenia świadomości, które pogarszają rokowanie. U noworodków centralna cyjanoza jest zawsze patologią, a jej rokowanie zależy od przyczyny, np. wrodzonych wad serca, mutacji genów globiny czy chorób mitochondrialnych.

Prognoza cyjanozy – znaczenie kliniczne i przewidywanie wyników

Cyjanoza (sinica), czyli niebieskawe lub szarawe zabarwienie skóry, warg i/lub paznokci, jest objawem klinicznym, który może wskazywać na poważne zaburzenia zdrowotne. Jej występowanie wiąże się z niewystarczającym utlenowaniem krwi, co prowadzi do niedotlenienia tkanek i narządów. Rokowanie w przypadku cyjanozy zależy przede wszystkim od przyczyny podstawowej oraz szybkości wdrożenia odpowiedniego leczenia.12

Ogólne rokowanie w cyjanozie

Generalnie cyjanoza sama w sobie nie jest stanem zagrażającym życiu, jednak może wskazywać na poważne schorzenia wymagające natychmiastowej interwencji medycznej. Rokowanie zależy od kilku czynników:1

  • Przyczyny podstawowej wywołującej cyjanozę
  • Czasu trwania niedotlenienia tkanek
  • Szybkości rozpoznania i wdrożenia leczenia
  • Ciężkości towarzyszących objawów
  • Współistniejących chorób

12

W większości przypadków, jeśli przyczyna cyjanozy zostanie zidentyfikowana i odpowiednio leczona, zabarwienie skóry powinno powrócić do normy. Jednak w niektórych przypadkach, szczególnie przy przewlekłych schorzeniach układu oddechowego lub krążenia, cyjanoza może utrzymywać się dłużej lub nawracać.3

Czynniki prognostyczne cyjanozy obwodowej

Cyjanoza obwodowa, charakteryzująca się sinicą dystalnych części kończyn (dłonie, opuszki palców, stopy), ma zazwyczaj lepsze rokowanie niż cyjanoza centralna. Jej przyczyny często związane są z wazokonstrikcją naczyń obwodowych i ograniczonym dopływem krwi bogatej w tlen do kończyn.45

Prognostycznie cyjanoza obwodowa:5

  • Rzadko stanowi stan zagrożenia życia
  • Jest zwykle odwracalna po przywróceniu odpowiedniego przepływu krwi
  • Może ustąpić samoistnie po ogrzaniu organizmu (w przypadku ekspozycji na zimno)
  • Wymaga szybkiego leczenia przyczyny, aby zapobiec potencjalnym powikłaniom

Rokowanie w cyjanozie centralnej

Cyjanoza centralna, obejmująca wargi, język i śluzówki, wiąże się z poważniejszym rokowaniem niż cyjanoza obwodowa. Jest ona zazwyczaj objawem niskiego poziomu tlenu w krwi tętniczej i wymaga natychmiastowej interwencji medycznej.67

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie w cyjanozie centralnej:8

  • Przyczyna podstawowa (wady serca, choroby płuc, zaburzenia hemoglobiny)
  • Nasilenie hipoksemii
  • Obecność objawów towarzyszących (trudności w oddychaniu, ból w klatce piersiowej, senność, zawroty głowy)
  • Szybkość wdrożenia odpowiedniego leczenia

Rokowanie w cyjanozie u noworodków

Cyjanoza u noworodków wymaga szczególnej uwagi, ponieważ może wskazywać na poważne problemy zdrowotne. Centralna cyjanoza u noworodków nigdy nie jest stanem prawidłowym i prawie zawsze wiąże się z niższym stężeniem tlenu we krwi.6

Rokowanie zależy od przyczyny:910

  • W przypadku wrodzonych wad serca – rokowanie zależy od typu wady, stopnia nasilenia sinicznego przecieku oraz możliwości interwencji chirurgicznej
  • Przy mutacjach genów globiny (rzadka przyczyna cyjanozy noworodkowej) – rokowanie często jest dobre, a cyjanoza może być przejściowa
  • W zespole Leigha i innych chorobach mitochondrialnych – cyjanoza wargowa może być wczesnym objawem i zwiastunem niewydolności oddechowej, co pogarsza rokowanie

Prognostyczne znaczenie objawów towarzyszących

Towarzyszące cyjanozie objawy mają istotne znaczenie prognostyczne. Jeśli cyjanoza występuje razem z poniższymi symptomami, rokowanie może być poważniejsze i wymaga natychmiastowej interwencji medycznej:211

  • Trudności w oddychaniu – wskazują na zaawansowaną hipoksemię
  • Ból w klatce piersiowej – może sugerować chorobę wieńcową lub zatorowość płucną
  • Dezorientacja, senność lub zawroty głowy – oznaczają niedotlenienie mózgu
  • Nagłe wystąpienie cyjanozy – może wskazywać na ostry stan, np. zator płucny lub ciężki napad astmy

Czas wystąpienia jako czynnik prognostyczny

Czas wystąpienia cyjanozy ma istotne znaczenie prognostyczne:111

  • Nagłe wystąpienie cyjanozy u osoby bez wcześniejszych problemów zdrowotnych – wskazuje na ostry stan wymagający natychmiastowej pomocy, rokowanie zależy od szybkości interwencji
  • Cyjanoza występująca w spoczynku i w cieple – gorsze rokowanie, sugeruje bardziej zaawansowany proces chorobowy
  • Cyjanoza przejściowa związana z wysiłkiem lub ekspozycją na zimno – lepsze rokowanie

Rokowanie w zależności od przyczyny

Choroby układu oddechowego

Rokowanie w cyjanozie spowodowanej chorobami układu oddechowego zależy od specyficznej przyczyny:8

Przyczyna Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie Przewidywane wyniki
Zaostrzenie astmy lub POChP Szybkość interwencji, wcześniejsza funkcja płuc, współistniejące choroby Zwykle dobre przy szybkiej interwencji
Zapalenie płuc Patogen, wiek pacjenta, stan immunologiczny, towarzyszące choroby Zróżnicowane, od bardzo dobrego do złego
Zatorowość płucna Wielkość zatoru, wcześniejsza funkcja sercowo-płucna Zróżnicowane, potencjalnie zagrażające życiu
Rozstrzenie oskrzeli Zakres zmian, częstość infekcji Przewlekły przebieg, możliwa stabilizacja przy leczeniu
Zespół ostrej niewydolności oddechowej (ARDS) Przyczyna podstawowa, wiek, współistniejące choroby Poważne, wysokie ryzyko śmiertelności

Choroby układu krążenia

Rokowanie w cyjanozie związanej z chorobami układu krążenia:98

  • Wrodzone wady serca – obecność cyjanozy często wskazuje na potrzebę interwencji chirurgicznej. Rokowanie zależy od typu wady, wieku pacjenta w momencie interwencji oraz możliwości korekcji anatomicznej. Niektóre wady sinicze mają lepsze rokowanie po korekcji, inne wymagają wieloetapowego leczenia.
  • Niewydolność serca – cyjanoza w niewydolności serca wskazuje na zaawansowany proces chorobowy i wiąże się z gorszym rokowaniem. Jednak odpowiednie leczenie może poprawić jakość życia i wydłużyć przeżycie.
  • Cor pulmonale (serce płucne) – przewlekłe przeciążenie prawej komory serca wywołane długotrwałym nadciśnieniem płucnym ma zwykle złe rokowanie, jeśli nie można kontrolować przyczyny podstawowej.
  • Zatrzymanie krążenia – cyjanoza centralna w zatrzymaniu krążenia jest objawem krytycznym, a rokowanie zależy przede wszystkim od czasu do podjęcia resuscytacji i przywrócenia krążenia.

Zaburzenia hematologiczne

Niektóre choroby krwi mogą prowadzić do cyjanozy i mają zróżnicowane rokowanie:39

  • Czerwienica prawdziwa (policytemia vera) – zaburzenie szpiku kostnego powodujące nadprodukcję krwinek czerwonych, co zwiększa lepkość krwi i może prowadzić do cyjanozy. Rokowanie przy odpowiednim leczeniu jest zwykle dobre, choć choroba zwiększa ryzyko powikłań zakrzepowych.
  • Methemoglobinemia – obecność nieprawidłowej formy hemoglobiny (methemoglobiny) we krwi. Rokowanie zależy od przyczyny – formy nabyte (np. wywołane lekami) mają dobre rokowanie po usunięciu czynnika wywołującego, formy wrodzone wymagają leczenia długoterminowego.
  • Warianty hemoglobiny – niektóre mutacje genów hemoglobiny, jak opisany przypadek mutacji w genie płodowej γ-globiny (HBG2), mogą powodować przejściową cyjanozę noworodkową. Rokowanie w takich przypadkach jest zazwyczaj dobre.

Czynniki wpływające na prognozę długookresową

Na długoterminowe rokowanie w cyjanozie wpływają następujące czynniki:12

  • Możliwość leczenia przyczyny podstawowej – czy choroba wywołująca cyjanozę jest uleczalna, możliwa do kontrolowania czy nieodwracalna
  • Stopień i czas trwania hipoksemii – przewlekłe niedotlenienie może prowadzić do zmian wtórnych w narządach
  • Powikłania cyjanozy – długotrwała cyjanoza może prowadzić do wtórnej poliglobulii, zwiększonego ryzyka zakrzepów i udaru
  • Wiek pacjenta – młodsi pacjenci często mają lepsze rokowanie z powodu większych zdolności adaptacyjnych i regeneracyjnych
  • Współistniejące choroby – obecność innych schorzeń może komplikować leczenie i pogarszać rokowanie

Wpływ leczenia na rokowanie

Odpowiednie i szybkie leczenie znacząco poprawia rokowanie w przypadku cyjanozy:63

  • W przypadku cyjanozy obwodowej celem leczenia jest identyfikacja i usunięcie przyczyny wazokonstrykcji oraz przywrócenie prawidłowego przepływu krwi do kończyn
  • W przypadku wad wrodzonych serca interwencja chirurgiczna może całkowicie skorygować wadę lub znacząco poprawić jakość życia pacjenta
  • W przypadku chorób płuc odpowiednie leczenie podstawowej przyczyny (np. antybiotykoterapia w zapaleniu płuc, leki rozszerzające oskrzela w astmie) może prowadzić do ustąpienia cyjanozy
  • Tlenoterapia stanowi podstawowe leczenie objawowe w ostrej cyjanozie niezależnie od przyczyny i może zapobiec uszkodzeniom narządów wywołanym przez hipoksemię

Prognostyczne oznaki poprawy

O poprawie rokowania w cyjanozie świadczą:13

  • Ustępowanie siniczego zabarwienia skóry i błon śluzowych
  • Poprawa saturacji krwi tętniczej tlenem
  • Ustąpienie objawów towarzyszących (duszności, tachykardii, zaburzeń świadomości)
  • Poprawa tolerancji wysiłku
  • Normalizacja parametrów gazometrycznych

Wskazówki rokownicze w praktyce klinicznej

W praktyce klinicznej przy ocenie rokowania u pacjenta z cyjanozą należy uwzględnić następujące elementy:111

  • Cyjanoza centralna zawsze wymaga pilnej diagnostyki i leczenia, gdyż wskazuje na poważne zaburzenia utlenowania krwi
  • Nagłe wystąpienie cyjanozy warg lub twarzy, zwłaszcza z towarzyszącymi trudnościami w oddychaniu, wymaga natychmiastowej pomocy medycznej
  • Cyjanoza utrzymująca się mimo leczenia lub pojawiająca się w spoczynku sugeruje gorszą prognozę
  • U pacjentów z wrodzonymi wadami serca cyjanoza może być wskazaniem do interwencji chirurgicznej i jej obecność należy zawsze zgłaszać zespołowi medycznemu
  • Przetrwała cyjanoza u niemowląt wymaga szczegółowej diagnostyki w kierunku wrodzonych wad serca i chorób metabolicznych

Rokowanie w cyjanozie jest ściśle związane z jej przyczyną, nasileniem oraz szybkością wdrożenia odpowiedniego leczenia. Chociaż sam objaw cyjanozy nie jest bezpośrednio zagrażający życiu, może być klinicznym wskaźnikiem poważnych schorzeń wymagających pilnej interwencji. Wczesne rozpoznanie i ukierunkowane leczenie znacząco poprawiają rokowanie i mogą zapobiec powikłaniom związanym z przewlekłym niedotlenieniem tkanek.1211

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Cyanosis (Blue Hands & Feet): Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24297-cyanosis
    Cyanosis is when your skin, lips and/or nails turn a bluish tone. It occurs when your blood lacks the oxygen it needs to reach the different tissues in your body. […] Cyanosis can mean your organs, muscles and tissues arent getting the amount of blood they need to function properly. Many different conditions can cause cyanosis. While blue skin and lips arent always a cause for concern, some conditions do need immediate medical treatment. […] The outlook for cyanosis depends on the reason for the condition and how quickly you receive treatment. Its generally not life-threatening, but see your provider if you have any other associated symptoms or if the cyanosis happens when youre warm and at rest. […] Cyanosis is when you have bluish skin, nails or lips due to a lack of oxygen in your blood. Cyanosis occurs for many reasons. While not always serious, cyanosis can be caused by a severe medical condition. Its important to seek medical attention right away if you or your child have cyanosis along with symptoms such as difficulty breathing to ensure that you have the best outcome.
  • #2 Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blue-skin-or-lips-cyanosis/
    Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue or grey. It can be a sign of a serious problem. […] You or your child may also: have difficulty breathing, have chest pain, be confused, drowsy or dizzy. […] These are signs of a serious medical problem. […] Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis) happens when there’s not enough oxygen in your blood, or you have poor blood circulation. […] Treatment depends on the cause.
  • #2 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/
    The goal of managing peripheral cyanosis is to identify and treat the underlying cause of vasoconstriction and the limited supply of oxygen-rich blood to the extremities. Peripheral cyanosis is usually reversible, restoring oxygenated blood flow to the extremities. It can rarely pose a life-threatening emergency. However, timely management is important to improve outcomes and prevent complications.
  • #3 Blue Lips: Causes, Photos, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/blue-lips
    Congenital (present at birth) heart abnormalities can also cause cyanosis and the appearance of blue lips. […] Less-common causes of blue lips include polycythemia vera (a bone marrow disorder that causes the production of excess red blood cells) and cor pulmonale (a decrease in the function of the right side of the heart caused by long-term high blood pressure). […] In some cases, blue lips can signal a serious blood and respiratory condition. […] If there’s an underlying condition causing your lips to appear blue, the discoloration will go away once the cause is identified and addressed. […] Lip discoloration doesn’t always indicate an emergency situation, but it’s not a symptom that should be ignored.
  • #4 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/
    Cyanosis is a pathologic sign and not a disease by itself. Underlying diseases that increase the deoxygenated hemoglobin to 5.0 g/dl or more leads to cyanosis. Cyanosis can be best appreciated in areas with rich superficial vasculature and thin overlying dermis. These include lips, nose, earlobes, oral cavity, extremities, and tips of fingers and toes. Cyanosis usually becomes evident in hypoxemia, that is, abnormally low oxygenation concentration (80-85%) in arterial blood. However, it is not sensitive or a specific indicator of hypoxemia. Since cyanosis is a clinical sign, a proper evaluation is important to determine the etiology of cyanosis. […] Peripheral cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes). It can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas, but mucous membranes are generally not involved. Peripheral cyanosis is rarely a life-threatening medical emergency. However, it is essential to determine the underlying cause and manage it promptly to prevent potential complications.
  • #5 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/
    The goal of managing peripheral cyanosis is to identify and treat the underlying cause of vasoconstriction and the limited supply of oxygen-rich blood to the extremities. Peripheral cyanosis is usually reversible, restoring oxygenated blood flow to the extremities. It can rarely pose a life-threatening emergency. However, timely management is important to improve outcomes and prevent complications.
  • #6 Cyanosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cyanosis
    Cyanosis refers to a bluish-purple color of the skin. It is most easily seen where the skin is thin, such as the lips, mouth, earlobes and fingernails. […] Cyanosis means there may be decreased oxygen in the bloodstream. It may suggest a problem with the lungs or heart. Cyanosis is a finding based on what is seen, not by a laboratory test. […] Central cyanosis is never normal in the newborn period and is almost always linked to a lower amount of oxygen in the blood. It could be due to a problem of the heart, lungs or blood. […] Cyanosis in congenital heart defects results when blue blood (oxygen poor) does not reach the lungs to make red blood, or when red blood (oxygen rich) is mixed with blue blood before it returns to the body. […] Cyanosis on the lips, tongue, head or torso is central cyanosis, and should be promptly evaluated by a doctor. […] Most cyanosis in children is a result of acrocyanosis and does not need treatment. If there is a primary lung or heart issue, the underlying condition causing the cyanosis will be treated either medically or surgically.
  • #7 Blue Lips: Causes, Photos, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/blue-lips
    Bluish discoloration of the skin may signal a lack of oxygen in the blood. […] Cyanosis is the name for poor oxygen circulation in the blood that causes bluish discoloration of the skin. Central cyanosis affects the lips, but it can also affect the tongue and chest. […] Blue lips may indicate a type of cyanosis caused by lower oxygen levels in the red blood cells. Blue lips may also represent high levels of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the bloodstream (similar to bluish discoloration of the skin). […] If the lips remain blue, then there may be an underlying disease or structural abnormality. Either of these can interfere with the body’s ability to deliver oxygenated red blood to all areas. […] The most common causes of blue lips are events that limit the amount of oxygen that the lungs take in, including: air passage blockage, choking, excessive coughing, smoke inhalation.
  • #8 Blue skin and lips (cyanosis) | nidirect
    https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/blue-skin-and-lips-cyanosis
    Blue skin and lips is usually caused by low blood oxygen levels or poor circulation. It can be a sign of a serious problem. Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department immediately if you notice an adult or child suddenly turning blue. […] When all the skin and/ or lips have a blue tinge, it’s known as central cyanosis. It is usually a sign of low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] Common causes for central cyanosis are listed below. A problem with the lungs: worsening of a long-term lung condition, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung infections, such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis or whooping cough bronchiectasis a pulmonary embolism neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) drowning or nearly drowning. […] A problem with the heart: heart failure congenital heart disease cardiac arrest.
  • #9 cyanosis: Topics by Science.gov
    https://www.science.gov/topicpages/c/cyanosis.html
    A Hemoglobin Variant Associated with Neonatal Cyanosis and Anemia […] SUMMARY Globin-gene mutations are a rare but important cause of cyanosis. We identified a missense mutation in the fetal G -globin gene (HBG2) in a father and daughter with transient neonatal cyanosis and anemia. […] Central cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, tongue, nails, and mucous membranes, and is due to poor arterial oxygenation. […] The identification of cyanosis is a skill that improves with training and is adversely affected in color deficient observers. […] To show that abnormal systemic venous channels in patients who undergo cavopulmonary anastomoses can become manifest and haemodynamically important only after surgery despite detailed preoperative investigation. […] Visual recognition of cyanosis is an important clinical activity. […] The presence of early postoperative cyanosis „new” systemic venous collateral channels should be considered as a possible cause, which may require […] Cyanosis in case 2 was caused by intra-hepatic shunting to a hepatic vein draining to the left of the intra-atrial baffle. […] The presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] The presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital heart disease can indicate the need for surgical intervention. […] Cyanosis was noted in 3 cases, and the presence of cyanosis in patients with congenital hear Blue skin and lips is usually caused by low blood oxygen levels or poor circulation. It can be a sign of a serious problem. Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department immediately if you notice an adult or child suddenly turning blue. […] When all the skin and/ or lips have a blue tinge, it’s known as central cyanosis. It is usually a sign of low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] Common causes for central cyanosis are listed below. A problem with the lungs: worsening of a long-term lung condition, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung infections, such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis or whooping cough bronchiectasis a pulmonary embolism neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) drowning or nearly drowning. […] A problem with the heart: heart failure congenital heart disease cardiac arrest.
  • #10 Lip cyanosis as the first symptom of Leigh syndrome associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to a compound heterozygous NDUFS1 mutation: A case report
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9410648/
    A 24-day-old full-term male infant presented with a 2-day history of lip cyanosis when crying in September 2021. […] Lip cyanosis is an important initial symptom in LS. […] Lip cyanosis, which can be a precursor of respiratory failure, is one of the first symptoms of LS that requires attention.
  • #11 Blue lips: When to seek help, causes, and other symptoms
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/blue-lips
    Cyanosis can occur when the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood. […] Cyanosis is the medical term for discoloration to the lips, skin, tongue, or other mucous membranes. In white people, cyanosis causes the lips and skin to turn blue. In Black people, cyanosis may cause the lips and skin to become gray or whitish but might become more evident in the gums, and around the eyes and nails. […] According to the United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS), if a person has blue or gray lips, they need to seek emergency medical help. […] With a lack of oxygen, the skin and lips may turn blue or white. This is a warning sign to call 911. […] According to the American Academy of Dermatology state that changes to skin or lip color can indicate a blockage in a blood vessel. […] Blue or gray lips and skin indicate a lack of blood flow or a lack of oxygen circulating in the blood. Sometimes lips that change color may be a warning sign of a medical emergency, such as a severe asthma attack or COPD flare-up. […] If blue or gray lips appear suddenly, a person may require emergency medical attention, especially if they have other warning signs, such as shortness of breath. […] A lack of oxygen may turn their lips blue or gray.