Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/

  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect on the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. It has emerged as the most consequential global health crisis since the era of the influenza pandemic of 1918. As the virus mutates, treatment guidelines are altered to reflect the most efficacious therapies. This activity is a comprehensive review of the disease presentation, complications, and current guideline-recommended treatment options for managing this disease. […] COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect on the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. After the first cases of this predominantly respiratory viral illness were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly disseminated worldwide.

• #2 COVID-19: Symptoms, incubation, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19

  COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that results from an infection with the virus SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus. […] COVID-19 can occur without any symptoms. It can also cause symptoms that are severe and complications that can be fatal. […] Even if a person has no symptoms, they can pass the infection to others. It is vital to take steps to prevent this. […] There is no cure for COVID-19. To prevent the illness, take precautions, such as washing the hands frequently, wearing a face-covering in public, and staying away from others. Isolating is especially crucial for people who feel ill. […] The symptoms of COVID-19 may begin 2-14 days after exposure to the virus, and they can vary widely. A person may have no symptoms, or the symptoms may range from mild to severe. In some cases, COVID-19 is fatal.

• #3 Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/

  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect on the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. It has emerged as the most consequential global health crisis since the era of the influenza pandemic of 1918. As the virus mutates, treatment guidelines are altered to reflect the most efficacious therapies. This activity is a comprehensive review of the disease presentation, complications, and current guideline-recommended treatment options for managing this disease. […] COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect on the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. After the first cases of this predominantly respiratory viral illness were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly disseminated worldwide.

• #4 COVID-19: Symptoms, incubation, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19

  COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that results from an infection with the virus SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus. […] COVID-19 can occur without any symptoms. It can also cause symptoms that are severe and complications that can be fatal. […] Even if a person has no symptoms, they can pass the infection to others. It is vital to take steps to prevent this. […] There is no cure for COVID-19. To prevent the illness, take precautions, such as washing the hands frequently, wearing a face-covering in public, and staying away from others. Isolating is especially crucial for people who feel ill. […] The symptoms of COVID-19 may begin 2-14 days after exposure to the virus, and they can vary widely. A person may have no symptoms, or the symptoms may range from mild to severe. In some cases, COVID-19 is fatal.

• #5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | Airborne Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program | MeCDC | Maine DHHS

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/airborne/coronavirus.shtml

  Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure. […] Most patients experience relatively mild symptoms and can recover at home. Some patients, like those with underlying medical conditions, may experience more severe respiratory illness. Learn more about COVID-19 symptoms. […] Treatment is available for COVID-19 to help prevent severe disease. It works best if started early after symptoms start. Talk to a health care provider for more information. […] If you are sick and live or work in a health care setting, there is different guidance for you to follow. […] If you experience Long COVID symptoms, contact your primary care provider. They will help you create a plan for care. If you have ongoing symptoms that need special testing, your primary care provider might refer you to a specialist. They may refer you to a Post COVID Care Center if your symptoms need extra management.

• #6 COVID-19: Symptoms, incubation, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19

  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the disease may cause: a fever, chills or both; a cough; difficulty breathing; fatigue; a headache; muscle aches; a new loss of taste or smell; a sore throat; nasal congestion or a runny nose; nausea or vomiting; diarrhea. […] According to the WHO, about 80% of people with COVID-19 recover without needing hospital treatment. Around 20% become seriously ill and about 5% need intensive care. […] The CDC urge people to take additional care to avoid the infection that causes COVID-19 during pregnancy. Pregnant people may be more likely to develop severe symptoms, and there may be a higher risk of preterm birth. […] Anyone with an underlying health condition should continue to attend healthcare appointments, take care to avoid exposure to the virus, and seek medical advice if they may have symptoms.

• #7 COVID-19: Symptoms, incubation, prevention, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19

  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the disease may cause: a fever, chills or both; a cough; difficulty breathing; fatigue; a headache; muscle aches; a new loss of taste or smell; a sore throat; nasal congestion or a runny nose; nausea or vomiting; diarrhea. […] According to the WHO, about 80% of people with COVID-19 recover without needing hospital treatment. Around 20% become seriously ill and about 5% need intensive care. […] The CDC urge people to take additional care to avoid the infection that causes COVID-19 during pregnancy. Pregnant people may be more likely to develop severe symptoms, and there may be a higher risk of preterm birth. […] Anyone with an underlying health condition should continue to attend healthcare appointments, take care to avoid exposure to the virus, and seek medical advice if they may have symptoms.

• #8 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  If you have symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, or you’ve been exposed to the COVID-19 virus, contact your healthcare team. Let them know if you’ve had close contact with anyone diagnosed with COVID-19. […] COVID-19 tests also are available from healthcare professionals, some pharmacies and clinics, or at community testing sites. […] To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus to others, stay home and apart from anyone you live with for as long as you have worsening symptoms. If you have a weakened immune system, you will likely need to isolate for longer. […] Many people with COVID-19 recover with rest, plenty of fluids and care that manages symptoms. […] If you are at high risk of serious COVID-19 illness, your healthcare professional may suggest medicine to prevent mild illness from getting worse.

• #9 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Nursing Management of COVID-19 […] Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, nurses have answered the call to take care of those affected by coronavirus and to help prevent further spread of the deadly disease. The creation of clear nursing management guidelines can help nurses offer better care for patients with COVID-19 and optimize patient outcomes. Establishing and initiating clear guidelines, before the pandemic causes an overwhelming influx of severely ill patients, can ultimately provide better results. Knowing what to do before the tsunami of very sick patients can also keep your nursing staff safe, on track, and fully in control. […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection includes assessment, diagnosis, the development of nursing care plans and goals, interventions, evaluations, and documentation.

• #10 Coronavirus Resources| COVID-19 | ANA Enterprise

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/

  The ANA Enterprise is committed to informing and supporting nurses during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. […] In the midst of the pandemic, nurses were called upon and put years of education and training into action. […] When everyone else ran from the storm, nurses ran directly into the middle of it all. […] In these extraordinary times, the American Nurses Association is here for all nurses, because our lifes work is supporting your lifes work.

• #11 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The CDC recommends several steps to identify and care for persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), commonly referred to as Long COVID, is a condition marked by persistent COVID-19 symptoms (or the onset of new symptoms) following recovery from acute COVID-19. It is characterized by new, continuing, or recurring respiratory, neurological, psychological, and cardiac problems occurring four or more weeks after initial infection. PASC can affect anyone, even those who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection. […] Nurses play an integral role in slowing the spread of COVID-19 by educating the community. Here is information you can share with your patients and their family members to help them understand how to flatten the curve. […] Infection control measures are important in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 spread within health care facilities. For guidelines on preparedness, infection control, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply optimization, we have compiled a comprehensive list of resources for you to access.

• #12 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Nursing Management of COVID-19 […] Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, nurses have answered the call to take care of those affected by coronavirus and to help prevent further spread of the deadly disease. The creation of clear nursing management guidelines can help nurses offer better care for patients with COVID-19 and optimize patient outcomes. Establishing and initiating clear guidelines, before the pandemic causes an overwhelming influx of severely ill patients, can ultimately provide better results. Knowing what to do before the tsunami of very sick patients can also keep your nursing staff safe, on track, and fully in control. […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection includes assessment, diagnosis, the development of nursing care plans and goals, interventions, evaluations, and documentation.

• #13 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #14 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #15 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #16 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #17 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #18 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #19 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Health workers, especially nurses, have to play a significant role in combating this health problem on both preventive and curative sides. […] Caring for patients with COVID-19 demands more knowledge and training; however, the literature supports that nurses provide this care without adequate expertise. […] Therefore, nurses need continuous support and training to improve their preparedness and efficacy of crisis management as well as to cope with psychological problems and safeguard their well-being. […] This qualitative study employed Colaizzis phenomenological approach. […] Participants were nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in public hospitals for COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. […] In-depth telephone interviews were conducted by the first researcher during June 2020, using an interview guide developed by the research team based on the literature and aim of this study. […] The majority of participants showed a feeling of fear related to being a potential carrier for family members. […] Participants stated that they followed precautionary measures to maintain their health and to prevent from COVID-19. […] Work-related factors, including lack of staff, working long hour shifts, increased workload, and inadequate rest time, were other main factors that led to physical tiredness and psychological burden. […] Additionally, wearing PPE is one of the main factors that led to the physical and psychological burden. […] Participants further reported mist due to facemask and googles made difficulties in cannulation and drawing blood. […] Although they were empathetic towards patients, participants stated that they had to limit care due to strict guidelines imposed. […] Many nurses highlighted that they believed their religion and followed religious activities before and after their duty shifts.

• #20 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights nurses willingness to provide care, including their sense of professional obligation. […] Nurses highlighted a sense of obligation for work. […] Participants stated that this was an opportunity to serve the community and mother country that everyone cannot do. […] Although the provision of care was a terrible experience for them, many participants stated that they were delighted with the given care at the end of their placements. […] This theme encapsulates the educational and informational needs of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. […] All participants highlighted the need for prior training and education to provide care for patients with COVID-19. […] The other prioritised learning need was breaking bad news. […] Participants further explored various learning strategies that they used during this period.

• #21 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights nurses willingness to provide care, including their sense of professional obligation. […] Nurses highlighted a sense of obligation for work. […] Participants stated that this was an opportunity to serve the community and mother country that everyone cannot do. […] Although the provision of care was a terrible experience for them, many participants stated that they were delighted with the given care at the end of their placements. […] This theme encapsulates the educational and informational needs of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. […] All participants highlighted the need for prior training and education to provide care for patients with COVID-19. […] The other prioritised learning need was breaking bad news. […] Participants further explored various learning strategies that they used during this period.

• #22 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Nursing Management of COVID-19 […] Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, nurses have answered the call to take care of those affected by coronavirus and to help prevent further spread of the deadly disease. The creation of clear nursing management guidelines can help nurses offer better care for patients with COVID-19 and optimize patient outcomes. Establishing and initiating clear guidelines, before the pandemic causes an overwhelming influx of severely ill patients, can ultimately provide better results. Knowing what to do before the tsunami of very sick patients can also keep your nursing staff safe, on track, and fully in control. […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection includes assessment, diagnosis, the development of nursing care plans and goals, interventions, evaluations, and documentation.

• #23 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #24 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Nursing Management of COVID-19 […] Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, nurses have answered the call to take care of those affected by coronavirus and to help prevent further spread of the deadly disease. The creation of clear nursing management guidelines can help nurses offer better care for patients with COVID-19 and optimize patient outcomes. Establishing and initiating clear guidelines, before the pandemic causes an overwhelming influx of severely ill patients, can ultimately provide better results. Knowing what to do before the tsunami of very sick patients can also keep your nursing staff safe, on track, and fully in control. […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection includes assessment, diagnosis, the development of nursing care plans and goals, interventions, evaluations, and documentation.

• #25 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Careful assessment is essential in the evaluation and management of patients who may have COVID-19, and particularly in those with fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms of infection. Nursing assessments of these patients should include: […] A nursing diagnosis provides clinical judgment about the patients experiences and responses to potential coronavirus infection. Nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 can include: […] Establishing nursing care plan goals can help improve patient outcomes and decrease the transmission of COVID-19. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: […] Based on assessment data, nursing interventions for COVID-19 should focus on monitoring vital signs, maintaining respiratory function, managing hyperthermia, and reducing transmission.

• #26 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/cinjournal/fulltext/2024/02000/exploring_nursing_care_for_patients_with_covid_19.6.aspx

  This study explored nursing care topics for patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the wards and intensive care units using International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing narratives. […] The most documented topics were related to infection; physical symptoms such as sputum, cough, dyspnea, and shivering; and vital signs including blood oxygen saturation and body temperature. […] This study showed that the International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing records can be used as source of information to identify nursing care for patients with coronavirus disease 19. […] In particular, there have been more patients per nurse than usual, as well as new patient categories requiring specialized and complex care. […] Understanding the frequent nursing interventions delivered to patients with COVID-19 using nursing records can provide insights into defining effective nursing care for such patients.

• #28

  https://journals.lww.com/cinjournal/fulltext/2024/02000/exploring_nursing_care_for_patients_with_covid_19.6.aspx

  Nursing documentation not only facilitates effective communication among members of the healthcare team, but also lays a foundation for demonstrating and comprehending nurses’ contributions to patient outcomes. […] The most documented nursing statements were related to infection, physical symptoms (sputum, cough, dyspnea, shivering, and pain), and vital signs (blood oxygen saturation and body temperature). […] Our study demonstrated the differences in how each type of nursing care was performed according to the clinical setting. Nurses in the ICUs frequently documented concepts related to the directly monitored and assessed problems/outcomes and interventions such as consciousness, pupil reflex, and skin integrity compared with nurses in the wards, who documented more concepts related to symptoms reported by the patients. […] Our findings can be used to define effective nursing care and predict outcomes for COVID-19 patients.

• #29 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Careful assessment is essential in the evaluation and management of patients who may have COVID-19, and particularly in those with fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms of infection. Nursing assessments of these patients should include: […] A nursing diagnosis provides clinical judgment about the patients experiences and responses to potential coronavirus infection. Nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 can include: […] Establishing nursing care plan goals can help improve patient outcomes and decrease the transmission of COVID-19. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: […] Based on assessment data, nursing interventions for COVID-19 should focus on monitoring vital signs, maintaining respiratory function, managing hyperthermia, and reducing transmission.

• #30 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #31 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Careful assessment is essential in the evaluation and management of patients who may have COVID-19, and particularly in those with fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms of infection. Nursing assessments of these patients should include: […] A nursing diagnosis provides clinical judgment about the patients experiences and responses to potential coronavirus infection. Nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 can include: […] Establishing nursing care plan goals can help improve patient outcomes and decrease the transmission of COVID-19. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: […] Based on assessment data, nursing interventions for COVID-19 should focus on monitoring vital signs, maintaining respiratory function, managing hyperthermia, and reducing transmission.

• #32 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #33 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Careful assessment is essential in the evaluation and management of patients who may have COVID-19, and particularly in those with fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms of infection. Nursing assessments of these patients should include: […] A nursing diagnosis provides clinical judgment about the patients experiences and responses to potential coronavirus infection. Nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 can include: […] Establishing nursing care plan goals can help improve patient outcomes and decrease the transmission of COVID-19. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: […] Based on assessment data, nursing interventions for COVID-19 should focus on monitoring vital signs, maintaining respiratory function, managing hyperthermia, and reducing transmission.

• #34 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #35 Nursing Care for Covid-19 Patients | Sororedit

  https://www.sororedit.com/blog/nursing-care-for-covid-19-patients/317

  Nursing Assessment It is the most essential phase of Nursing Care in managing COVID-19 patients. The individual should be carefully assessed evaluating all the vital signs including Oxygen Saturation level at the time of admission, particularly those with fever, acute respiratory illness, and other symptoms of infection. A thorough and proper physical examination should be conducted and documented listing the following symptoms of COVID-19. […] Every infected patient may develop few or all the above symptoms. Some patients may also be asymptomatic. A nursing diagnosis may also be conducted to evaluate the patients experiences and responses to COVID-19 infections. It will also help to evaluate the patients condition and level of knowledge regarding the transmission of COVID-19. […] Self-Protection: The foremost role of a nurse while managing COVID-19 patients is self-protection. The nurse should be wearing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) before coming in close proximity to the COVID-19 patients.

• #36 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Evaluation helps nurses determine if they have met their goals. Evidence for meeting nursing goals for COVID-19 might include: […] Documentation is always important, but perhaps more so when caring for patients with COVID-19. Documentation guidelines for COVID-19 patients include: […] Many organizations and healthcare facilities have established guidelines for the nursing management of COVID-19. These guidelines may change quickly, though, in response to new information from researchers or as the result of overwhelming patient caseloads. For more information on the nursing management of COVID-19, consult with the hiring hospital, nursing facility, healthcare organization, or institution.

• #37 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #38 Nursing Management of COVID-19

  https://everynurse.org/nursing-management-covid-19/

  Evaluation helps nurses determine if they have met their goals. Evidence for meeting nursing goals for COVID-19 might include: […] Documentation is always important, but perhaps more so when caring for patients with COVID-19. Documentation guidelines for COVID-19 patients include: […] Many organizations and healthcare facilities have established guidelines for the nursing management of COVID-19. These guidelines may change quickly, though, in response to new information from researchers or as the result of overwhelming patient caseloads. For more information on the nursing management of COVID-19, consult with the hiring hospital, nursing facility, healthcare organization, or institution.

• #39 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

  COVID-19 Nursing Care Management […] Nursing management for patients with COVID-19 infection include the following: […] Assessment of a patient suspected of COVID-19 should include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for a patient with COVID-19 are: […] The following are the major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19: […] Listed below are the nursing interventions for a patient diagnosed with COVID-19: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation guidelines for a patient with COVID-19 include the following:

• #40

  https://journals.lww.com/cinjournal/fulltext/2024/02000/exploring_nursing_care_for_patients_with_covid_19.6.aspx

  Nursing documentation not only facilitates effective communication among members of the healthcare team, but also lays a foundation for demonstrating and comprehending nurses’ contributions to patient outcomes. […] The most documented nursing statements were related to infection, physical symptoms (sputum, cough, dyspnea, shivering, and pain), and vital signs (blood oxygen saturation and body temperature). […] Our study demonstrated the differences in how each type of nursing care was performed according to the clinical setting. Nurses in the ICUs frequently documented concepts related to the directly monitored and assessed problems/outcomes and interventions such as consciousness, pupil reflex, and skin integrity compared with nurses in the wards, who documented more concepts related to symptoms reported by the patients. […] Our findings can be used to define effective nursing care and predict outcomes for COVID-19 patients.

• #41 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The CDC recommends several steps to identify and care for persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), commonly referred to as Long COVID, is a condition marked by persistent COVID-19 symptoms (or the onset of new symptoms) following recovery from acute COVID-19. It is characterized by new, continuing, or recurring respiratory, neurological, psychological, and cardiac problems occurring four or more weeks after initial infection. PASC can affect anyone, even those who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection. […] Nurses play an integral role in slowing the spread of COVID-19 by educating the community. Here is information you can share with your patients and their family members to help them understand how to flatten the curve. […] Infection control measures are important in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 spread within health care facilities. For guidelines on preparedness, infection control, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply optimization, we have compiled a comprehensive list of resources for you to access.

• #42 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  This guidance applies to all U.S. settings where healthcare is delivered, including nursing homes and home health. The recommendations in this guidance continue to apply after the expiration of the federal COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. […] This interim guidance has been updated based on currently available information about COVID-19 and the current situation in the United States. Updates were made to reflect the high levels of vaccine-and infection-induced immunity and the availability of effective treatments and prevention tools. This guidance provides a framework for facilities to implement select infection prevention and control practices (e.g., universal source control) based on their individual circumstances (e.g., levels of respiratory virus transmission in the community). […] This guidance is applicable to all U.S. settings where healthcare is delivered (including nursing homes and home health).

• #43 Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

  https://www.ahrq.gov/nursing-home/resources/interim-recommendations.html

  This guidance for infection prevention and control for healthcare personnel during COVID-19 applies to all U.S. settings where healthcare is delivered, including home health. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated select healthcare infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations in response to COVID-19 vaccination, which are now summarized in this guidance.

• #44 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  Source control refers to use of respirators or well-fitting facemasks or cloth masks to cover a person’s mouth and nose to prevent spread of respiratory secretions when they are breathing, talking, sneezing, or coughing. […] Source control is recommended for individuals in healthcare settings who: Have suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or other respiratory infection (e.g., those with runny nose, cough, sneeze); or Had close contact (patients and visitors) or a higher-risk exposure (HCP) with someone with SARS-CoV-2 infection, for 10 days after their exposure. […] Implement Universal Use of Personal Protective Equipment for HCP. […] If SARS-CoV-2 infection is not suspected in a patient presenting for care (based on symptom and exposure history), HCP should follow Standard Precautions (and Transmission-Based Precautions if required based on the suspected diagnosis).

• #45 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  Source control refers to use of respirators or well-fitting facemasks or cloth masks to cover a person’s mouth and nose to prevent spread of respiratory secretions when they are breathing, talking, sneezing, or coughing. […] Source control is recommended for individuals in healthcare settings who: Have suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or other respiratory infection (e.g., those with runny nose, cough, sneeze); or Had close contact (patients and visitors) or a higher-risk exposure (HCP) with someone with SARS-CoV-2 infection, for 10 days after their exposure. […] Implement Universal Use of Personal Protective Equipment for HCP. […] If SARS-CoV-2 infection is not suspected in a patient presenting for care (based on symptom and exposure history), HCP should follow Standard Precautions (and Transmission-Based Precautions if required based on the suspected diagnosis).

• #46 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  HCP who enter the room of a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection should adhere to Standard Precautions and use a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher, gown, gloves, and eye protection (i.e., goggles or a face shield that covers the front and sides of the face). […] When performing aerosol-generating procedures on patients who are not suspected or confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensure that DHCP correctly wear the recommended PPE (including consideration of a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher as SARS-CoV-2 community transmission increases) and use mitigation methods such as four-handed dentistry, high evacuation suction, and dental dams to minimize droplet spatter and aerosols. […] Assign one or more individuals with training in IPC to provide on-site management of the IPC program.

• #47 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  HCP who enter the room of a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection should adhere to Standard Precautions and use a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher, gown, gloves, and eye protection (i.e., goggles or a face shield that covers the front and sides of the face). […] When performing aerosol-generating procedures on patients who are not suspected or confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensure that DHCP correctly wear the recommended PPE (including consideration of a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher as SARS-CoV-2 community transmission increases) and use mitigation methods such as four-handed dentistry, high evacuation suction, and dental dams to minimize droplet spatter and aerosols. […] Assign one or more individuals with training in IPC to provide on-site management of the IPC program.

• #48 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  The IPC recommendations described below (e.g., patient placement, recommended PPE) also apply to patients with symptoms of COVID-19 (even before results of diagnostic testing) and asymptomatic patients who have met the criteria for empiric Transmission-Based Precautions based on close contact with someone with SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] The decision to discontinue empiric Transmission-Based Precautions by excluding the diagnosis of current SARS-CoV-2 infection for a patient with symptoms of COVID-19 can be made based upon having negative results from at least one viral test. […] Patients placed in empiric Transmission-Based Precautions based on close contact with someone with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be maintained in Transmission-Based Precautions for the following time periods. […] Place a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single-person room.

• #49 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  Facilities should not transfer residents to hospitals solely for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, unless they are not staffed to care appropriately for positive residents. […] Facilities should include COVID-19 infection prevention and control, including their plan for outbreaks or during time of high COVID-19 levels, in their facility mitigation plans and integrate them into their emergency preparedness plans. […] Residents who are in isolation, whether suspected and in isolating in-place or confirmed isolation in the dedicated COVID-19 isolation area, should avoid communal dining and group activities regardless of local COVID-19 levels or the facility’s outbreak status. […] Residents should wear well-fitting masks indoors when not in their room for the duration of their isolation period. […] Facilities should communicate COVID-19 status (suspect or confirmed infection) to the receiving facility (hospital, outpatient clinic, dialysis center, dental clinics) before transfer as per CDC.

• #50 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  Facilities should not transfer residents to hospitals solely for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, unless they are not staffed to care appropriately for positive residents. […] Facilities should include COVID-19 infection prevention and control, including their plan for outbreaks or during time of high COVID-19 levels, in their facility mitigation plans and integrate them into their emergency preparedness plans. […] Residents who are in isolation, whether suspected and in isolating in-place or confirmed isolation in the dedicated COVID-19 isolation area, should avoid communal dining and group activities regardless of local COVID-19 levels or the facility’s outbreak status. […] Residents should wear well-fitting masks indoors when not in their room for the duration of their isolation period. […] Facilities should communicate COVID-19 status (suspect or confirmed infection) to the receiving facility (hospital, outpatient clinic, dialysis center, dental clinics) before transfer as per CDC.

• #51 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  Facilities should not transfer residents to hospitals solely for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, unless they are not staffed to care appropriately for positive residents. […] Facilities should include COVID-19 infection prevention and control, including their plan for outbreaks or during time of high COVID-19 levels, in their facility mitigation plans and integrate them into their emergency preparedness plans. […] Residents who are in isolation, whether suspected and in isolating in-place or confirmed isolation in the dedicated COVID-19 isolation area, should avoid communal dining and group activities regardless of local COVID-19 levels or the facility’s outbreak status. […] Residents should wear well-fitting masks indoors when not in their room for the duration of their isolation period. […] Facilities should communicate COVID-19 status (suspect or confirmed infection) to the receiving facility (hospital, outpatient clinic, dialysis center, dental clinics) before transfer as per CDC.

• #52 COVID-19 | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/covid-19

  COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. It affects people of all ages. Older adults and people with certain medical conditions have an increased risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19. […] COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all people aged 18 years and older. It is also recommended for children aged 6 months to less than 17 years with medical conditions that may increase their risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19. […] Primary course vaccination is recommended for all people aged 18 years and older, and for children aged 6 months to less than 17 years with medical conditions that may increase their risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19. Most people require 1 dose for their primary course. People with severe immunocompromise are recommended 2 primary doses and can consider a 3rd.

• #53 COVID-19 | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/covid-19

  COVID-19 can cause severe illness particularly in older adults, including aged care residents, and in people with medical risk conditions. Vaccination reduces the risk of severe disease and death from COVID-19. […] COVID-19 vaccine is not recommended for healthy infants, children or adolescents who do not have medical conditions that increase their risk of severe illness. This is because the risk of severe illness was is extremely low in this cohort over the course of the pandemic, and benefits of vaccination are not considered to outweigh the potential harms. […] Adults aged 18–64 years who do not have severe immunocompromise are recommended to receive a single primary dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and can consider a further dose every 12 months based on individual preference and a risk-benefit assessment.

• #54 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  These guidelines outline actions that Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) should take to help prevent and manage COVID-19, based on the current status of and trends in community transmission in LA County. […] Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccine doses is critical to protecting both residents and staff. […] All staff are required to stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines. This includes all paid and unpaid employees, indirectly employed contractors or consultants, students, trainees, and volunteers who may work on-site regardless of whether they directly care for residents. […] There are highly effective outpatient COVID-19 antiviral treatments to prevent severe outcomes, such as hospitalizations and death, among high-risk individuals infected with COVID-19, particularly including nursing home residents.

• #55 Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/

  This review aims to comprehensively describe the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of COVID-19. This review also provides an overview of the different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the guideline-recommended treatment (as of January 2023) for managing this disease. […] The percentage of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization was 6 times higher in those with preexisting medical conditions than those without medical conditions (45.4% vs. 7.6%) based on an analysis by Stokes et al. of confirmed cases reported to the CDC from January 22 to May 30, 2020. […] The NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines recommend COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible for all eligible individuals. […] SARS-CoV-2 and its variants continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention and management of this highly transmissible respiratory viral illness require a holistic and interprofessional approach that includes physicians’ expertise across specialties, nurses, pharmacists, public health experts, and government authorities.

• #56 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  The most common side effects of taking Paxlovid include impaired sense of taste (for example, a metallic taste in the mouth) and diarrhea, according to the FDA. […] Since Paxlovid is cleared by the kidneys, dose adjustments may be required for patients with mild-to-moderate kidney disease, explains Dr. Topal. […] There is a long list of medications Paxlovid may interact with, and in some cases, doctors may not prescribe Paxlovid because these interactions may cause serious complications. […] There have been reports of a rebound of COVID symptoms in some people within 2 to 8 days after completing the five-day course of Paxlovid; in those cases, some have tested positive again but have no symptoms; others have a recurrence of symptoms. […] Vaccination, testing, and mitigation efforts such as masking, remain a key part of prevention, even as more drugs become available, says Dr. Topal.

• #57 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  If you have symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, or you’ve been exposed to the COVID-19 virus, contact your healthcare team. Let them know if you’ve had close contact with anyone diagnosed with COVID-19. […] COVID-19 tests also are available from healthcare professionals, some pharmacies and clinics, or at community testing sites. […] To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus to others, stay home and apart from anyone you live with for as long as you have worsening symptoms. If you have a weakened immune system, you will likely need to isolate for longer. […] Many people with COVID-19 recover with rest, plenty of fluids and care that manages symptoms. […] If you are at high risk of serious COVID-19 illness, your healthcare professional may suggest medicine to prevent mild illness from getting worse.

• #58 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  If you have symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, or you’ve been exposed to the COVID-19 virus, contact your healthcare team. Let them know if you’ve had close contact with anyone diagnosed with COVID-19. […] COVID-19 tests also are available from healthcare professionals, some pharmacies and clinics, or at community testing sites. […] To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus to others, stay home and apart from anyone you live with for as long as you have worsening symptoms. If you have a weakened immune system, you will likely need to isolate for longer. […] Many people with COVID-19 recover with rest, plenty of fluids and care that manages symptoms. […] If you are at high risk of serious COVID-19 illness, your healthcare professional may suggest medicine to prevent mild illness from getting worse.

• #59 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  For people who are in the hospital for COVID-19 care, care is given based on a person’s immune system response and the need for oxygen support. […] Medicines for severe COVID-19 may be remdesivir, baricitinib (Olumiant) and tocilizumab (Actemra), or a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone. […] If you have COVID-19 and are staying separate from others, try to keep busy and help your body clear out the infection. […] If you have COVID-19, it’s important to get plenty of rest, drink fluids and keep an eye on your symptoms. Medicines you can get without a prescription can help manage pain, fever or cough.

• #60 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  For people who are in the hospital for COVID-19 care, care is given based on a person’s immune system response and the need for oxygen support. […] Medicines for severe COVID-19 may be remdesivir, baricitinib (Olumiant) and tocilizumab (Actemra), or a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone. […] If you have COVID-19 and are staying separate from others, try to keep busy and help your body clear out the infection. […] If you have COVID-19, it’s important to get plenty of rest, drink fluids and keep an eye on your symptoms. Medicines you can get without a prescription can help manage pain, fever or cough.

• #61 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  These guidelines outline actions that Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) should take to help prevent and manage COVID-19, based on the current status of and trends in community transmission in LA County. […] Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccine doses is critical to protecting both residents and staff. […] All staff are required to stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines. This includes all paid and unpaid employees, indirectly employed contractors or consultants, students, trainees, and volunteers who may work on-site regardless of whether they directly care for residents. […] There are highly effective outpatient COVID-19 antiviral treatments to prevent severe outcomes, such as hospitalizations and death, among high-risk individuals infected with COVID-19, particularly including nursing home residents.

• #62 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  Paxlovid, an oral antiviral pill that can be taken at home, is the go-to treatment for COVID-19. If you are at high risk for severe disease from COVID, and you take it within the first five days of experiencing symptoms, it will lower your risk of getting so sick that you need to be hospitalized. […] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave the drug full approval in May 2023 for adults with mild-to-moderate COVID at high risk for severe disease, hospitalization, and death. […] It’s really our first efficacious oral antiviral pill for this virus, says Scott Roberts, MD, a Yale Medicine infectious diseases specialist. It shows clear benefit, and it really can prevent hospitalization and death in people who are at high risk. […] The drug, developed by Pfizer, had an 89% reduction in the risk of hospitalization and death in unvaccinated people in the clinical trial that supported the EUA, a number that was high enough to prompt the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to prioritize it over other COVID treatments.

• #63 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  Like all antivirals, Paxlovid works best early in the course of an illnessin this case, within the first five days of symptom onset, says Jeffrey Topal, MD, a Yale Medicine infectious diseases specialist who is involved in determining COVID treatment protocols for Yale New Haven Hospital patients. […] The standard dose is three Paxlovid pills twice daily (in the morning and at bedtime) for five days for a full course that adds up to 30 pills. […] In order to qualify for a prescription, you must be at high risk for developing severe COVID. […] The FDAs approval of Paxlovid for adults in 2023 was based on the totality of scientific evidence submitted by Pfizer, including efficacy data from a Phase 2/3 study showing an 86% reduction in risk of COVID-related hospitalization or death from any cause in patients who took Paxlovid within five days of symptom onset.

• #64 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The CDC recommends several steps to identify and care for persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), commonly referred to as Long COVID, is a condition marked by persistent COVID-19 symptoms (or the onset of new symptoms) following recovery from acute COVID-19. It is characterized by new, continuing, or recurring respiratory, neurological, psychological, and cardiac problems occurring four or more weeks after initial infection. PASC can affect anyone, even those who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection. […] Nurses play an integral role in slowing the spread of COVID-19 by educating the community. Here is information you can share with your patients and their family members to help them understand how to flatten the curve. […] Infection control measures are important in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 spread within health care facilities. For guidelines on preparedness, infection control, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply optimization, we have compiled a comprehensive list of resources for you to access.

• #65 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | Airborne Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program | MeCDC | Maine DHHS

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/airborne/coronavirus.shtml

  Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure. […] Most patients experience relatively mild symptoms and can recover at home. Some patients, like those with underlying medical conditions, may experience more severe respiratory illness. Learn more about COVID-19 symptoms. […] Treatment is available for COVID-19 to help prevent severe disease. It works best if started early after symptoms start. Talk to a health care provider for more information. […] If you are sick and live or work in a health care setting, there is different guidance for you to follow. […] If you experience Long COVID symptoms, contact your primary care provider. They will help you create a plan for care. If you have ongoing symptoms that need special testing, your primary care provider might refer you to a specialist. They may refer you to a Post COVID Care Center if your symptoms need extra management.

• #66 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250501/COVID-19-leaves-longer-lasting-symptoms-than-flu-or-pneumonia-study-finds.aspx

  The primary outcome was the presence or absence of symptoms four weeks, three months, and six months after COVID-19 diagnosis. […] The following symptoms were considered: fatigue, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, ageusia, arrhythmias, brain fog, insomnia, joint pain, general pain, muscle weakness, and headache. […] The specific symptoms experienced also varied by age, with younger adults having increased risks for anxiety and headache, while older adults had increased risks for brain fog and fatigue. […] The presence of a comorbidity increased the odds of post-acute symptoms at all time points. […] The findings corroborate prior observations that fatigue, dyspnea, and joint pain are the most common persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19. […] The highest risk of post-acute symptoms was found in people with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or ischemic heart disease.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/cinjournal/fulltext/2024/02000/exploring_nursing_care_for_patients_with_covid_19.6.aspx

  This study explored nursing care topics for patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the wards and intensive care units using International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing narratives. […] The most documented topics were related to infection; physical symptoms such as sputum, cough, dyspnea, and shivering; and vital signs including blood oxygen saturation and body temperature. […] This study showed that the International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing records can be used as source of information to identify nursing care for patients with coronavirus disease 19. […] In particular, there have been more patients per nurse than usual, as well as new patient categories requiring specialized and complex care. […] Understanding the frequent nursing interventions delivered to patients with COVID-19 using nursing records can provide insights into defining effective nursing care for such patients.

• #68 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights nurses willingness to provide care, including their sense of professional obligation. […] Nurses highlighted a sense of obligation for work. […] Participants stated that this was an opportunity to serve the community and mother country that everyone cannot do. […] Although the provision of care was a terrible experience for them, many participants stated that they were delighted with the given care at the end of their placements. […] This theme encapsulates the educational and informational needs of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. […] All participants highlighted the need for prior training and education to provide care for patients with COVID-19. […] The other prioritised learning need was breaking bad news. […] Participants further explored various learning strategies that they used during this period.

• #69 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Nurses perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study […] The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought significant pressure on nurses globally as they are the frontline of care. This study aimed to explore the experiences and challenges of nurses who worked with hospitalised patients with COVID-19. […] Five key themes emerged: (1) physical and psychological distress of nurses, (2) willingness to work, (3) the essential role of support mechanisms, (4) educational and informational needs of nurses and (5) the role of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Although the provision of care led to physical and psychological distress among nurses, with their commitment and professional obligation, it is a new experience that leads to personal satisfaction. […] Addressing distress among nurses is essential. The reported learning needs of nurses included skills related to donning and doffing PPE, skills in performing nursing procedures and breaking bad news. Nurse managers need to pay special attention to expanding training opportunities as well as support mechanisms, for example, welfare, appreciations and counselling services for nurses. […] The establishment of timely policies and strategies to protect health workers during a national disaster like COVID-19 is needed.

• #70 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights nurses willingness to provide care, including their sense of professional obligation. […] Nurses highlighted a sense of obligation for work. […] Participants stated that this was an opportunity to serve the community and mother country that everyone cannot do. […] Although the provision of care was a terrible experience for them, many participants stated that they were delighted with the given care at the end of their placements. […] This theme encapsulates the educational and informational needs of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. […] All participants highlighted the need for prior training and education to provide care for patients with COVID-19. […] The other prioritised learning need was breaking bad news. […] Participants further explored various learning strategies that they used during this period.

• #71 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the importance of support mechanisms, including workplace support and personal support networks for nurses. […] Participants emphasised that a comfortable work environment was paramount in providing adequate care, and they highly valued the availability of sufficient human resources, other facilities and equipment. […] The majority of the participants highlighted the need for welfare facilities, especially foods, transport and accommodation during a crisis. […] Nurses highlighted a lack of appreciation for their tireless efforts in caring for patients from managers and administrators. […] Although some nurse managers supported to relieve the psychological stresses of nurses, many participants stated a lack of professional counselling services for both patients and staff who were in need during this situation.

• #72 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the importance of support mechanisms, including workplace support and personal support networks for nurses. […] Participants emphasised that a comfortable work environment was paramount in providing adequate care, and they highly valued the availability of sufficient human resources, other facilities and equipment. […] The majority of the participants highlighted the need for welfare facilities, especially foods, transport and accommodation during a crisis. […] Nurses highlighted a lack of appreciation for their tireless efforts in caring for patients from managers and administrators. […] Although some nurse managers supported to relieve the psychological stresses of nurses, many participants stated a lack of professional counselling services for both patients and staff who were in need during this situation.

• #73 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the importance of support mechanisms, including workplace support and personal support networks for nurses. […] Participants emphasised that a comfortable work environment was paramount in providing adequate care, and they highly valued the availability of sufficient human resources, other facilities and equipment. […] The majority of the participants highlighted the need for welfare facilities, especially foods, transport and accommodation during a crisis. […] Nurses highlighted a lack of appreciation for their tireless efforts in caring for patients from managers and administrators. […] Although some nurse managers supported to relieve the psychological stresses of nurses, many participants stated a lack of professional counselling services for both patients and staff who were in need during this situation.

• #74 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the importance of support mechanisms, including workplace support and personal support networks for nurses. […] Participants emphasised that a comfortable work environment was paramount in providing adequate care, and they highly valued the availability of sufficient human resources, other facilities and equipment. […] The majority of the participants highlighted the need for welfare facilities, especially foods, transport and accommodation during a crisis. […] Nurses highlighted a lack of appreciation for their tireless efforts in caring for patients from managers and administrators. […] Although some nurse managers supported to relieve the psychological stresses of nurses, many participants stated a lack of professional counselling services for both patients and staff who were in need during this situation.

• #75 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the importance of support mechanisms, including workplace support and personal support networks for nurses. […] Participants emphasised that a comfortable work environment was paramount in providing adequate care, and they highly valued the availability of sufficient human resources, other facilities and equipment. […] The majority of the participants highlighted the need for welfare facilities, especially foods, transport and accommodation during a crisis. […] Nurses highlighted a lack of appreciation for their tireless efforts in caring for patients from managers and administrators. […] Although some nurse managers supported to relieve the psychological stresses of nurses, many participants stated a lack of professional counselling services for both patients and staff who were in need during this situation.

• #76 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the uses of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Participants stated that they used robots to deliver foods, medicines and other stuff to patients. […] Participants stated that modern communication methods, such as mobile phones, intercom system, and video camera systems, were used to improve nurse-patient communication, which helped to minimise exposure time to patients. […] This study further explores the use of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] This phenomenological study provides an insight into the experiences of a sample of nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. […] Addressing psychological distress among nurses is a priority need. […] Main support networks include the support received from management, peers, co-workers, family, friends, and neighbours. […] The main learning needs of nurses include donning and doffing of PPE, breaking bad news and performing nursing procedures. […] To face future challenges, the establishment of new care models, training programmes, nursing specialities and favourable policies related to COVID-19 care is crucial in the Sri Lankan context.

• #77 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the uses of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Participants stated that they used robots to deliver foods, medicines and other stuff to patients. […] Participants stated that modern communication methods, such as mobile phones, intercom system, and video camera systems, were used to improve nurse-patient communication, which helped to minimise exposure time to patients. […] This study further explores the use of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] This phenomenological study provides an insight into the experiences of a sample of nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. […] Addressing psychological distress among nurses is a priority need. […] Main support networks include the support received from management, peers, co-workers, family, friends, and neighbours. […] The main learning needs of nurses include donning and doffing of PPE, breaking bad news and performing nursing procedures. […] To face future challenges, the establishment of new care models, training programmes, nursing specialities and favourable policies related to COVID-19 care is crucial in the Sri Lankan context.

• #78 The Role of Remote Glucose Management Using Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in ICU-hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 – touchENDOCRINOLOGY

  https://touchendocrinology.com/diabetes/journal-articles/the-role-of-remote-glucose-management-using-real-time-continuous-glucose-monitoring-systems-in-icu-hospitalized-patients-with-covid-19/

  The use of a real-time CGM (rtCGM) system may provide real-time monitoring of the interstitial fluid glucose levels, transmitting the measurements approximately every 5 minutes. […] In this narrative review article, we describe the clinical benefits and the accuracy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in the glycaemic management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized in ICU settings. […] In the study by Chow et al., 63% of the nurses involved in rtCGM use reported a significant improvement in the care of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes during the utilization of the devices, while 49% reduced their use of PPE. […] Continuous glucose monitoring can assist in identifying dangerous glycaemic changes and improve our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on glycaemic variability.

• #79 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Safety of Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes | PSNet

  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-and-safety-older-adults

  Adequately trained and competent staffing has long been a challenge in NHs, partly due to a history of poor pay and high staff turnover, problems that have been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The pandemic has had a significant impact on all residents and staff in NHs, even those who were not directly exposed to or infected with COVID-19. […] Data and reports have indicated that African Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Latino communities were experiencing higher rates of death due to COVID-19. […] The fast spread of COVID-19 imposed significant challenges on federal and state agencies to provide timely guidance, and on NHs to respond to the quickly changing landscape, implement those changes, and still meet the daily healthcare needs of their residents. […] In response to the rapid spread of COVID-19 and increasing number of deaths in NHs, federal and state government agencies intervened quickly.

• #80 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The American Nurses Association supports your ongoing efforts centered on education, prevention, and treatment to mitigate the spread of SARS CoV-2. Continue reading to learn more about the basics of SARS CoV-2 and its associated illness, COVID-19, and find an overview of preparedness and infection control measures. […] All nurses and the health care team must receive the highest level of protection to provide care for the individuals and communities in which they serve. It is essential to develop and educate ALL staff on preparedness plans that provide infection control procedures and protocols used within the health care facility for the early identification, containment, and care of patients with symptoms associated with COVID-19 to prevent spread within the facility. […] On June 27, 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor’s OSHA issued an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) to protect healthcare workers from contracting the Coronavirus Covid-19. This ETS established new requirements for settings where employees provide health care or health support services, including hospitals, skilled nursing homes and home health.

• #81 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  Facilities should not transfer residents to hospitals solely for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, unless they are not staffed to care appropriately for positive residents. […] Facilities should include COVID-19 infection prevention and control, including their plan for outbreaks or during time of high COVID-19 levels, in their facility mitigation plans and integrate them into their emergency preparedness plans. […] Residents who are in isolation, whether suspected and in isolating in-place or confirmed isolation in the dedicated COVID-19 isolation area, should avoid communal dining and group activities regardless of local COVID-19 levels or the facility’s outbreak status. […] Residents should wear well-fitting masks indoors when not in their room for the duration of their isolation period. […] Facilities should communicate COVID-19 status (suspect or confirmed infection) to the receiving facility (hospital, outpatient clinic, dialysis center, dental clinics) before transfer as per CDC.

• #82 LAC | DPH | Guidelines for Preventing & Managing
  COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/ncorona2019/healthfacilities/snf/prevention/

  Facilities should not transfer residents to hospitals solely for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19, unless they are not staffed to care appropriately for positive residents. […] Facilities should include COVID-19 infection prevention and control, including their plan for outbreaks or during time of high COVID-19 levels, in their facility mitigation plans and integrate them into their emergency preparedness plans. […] Residents who are in isolation, whether suspected and in isolating in-place or confirmed isolation in the dedicated COVID-19 isolation area, should avoid communal dining and group activities regardless of local COVID-19 levels or the facility’s outbreak status. […] Residents should wear well-fitting masks indoors when not in their room for the duration of their isolation period. […] Facilities should communicate COVID-19 status (suspect or confirmed infection) to the receiving facility (hospital, outpatient clinic, dialysis center, dental clinics) before transfer as per CDC.

• #83 COVID-19 2023 Update – Ending of the Public Health Emergency

  https://portal.ct.gov/dph/communications/health-topics/covid-19-2023-update—ending-of-the-public-health-emergency

  With the nationally declared Public Health Emergency ending on May 11, the Connecticut Department of Public Health has announced the States COVID-19 recovery plans and next steps. […] Ending the COVID-19 emergency declarations does not mean the virus has been eradicated. We can all stay healthy and live with COVID-19 and other viruses by getting fully vaccinated, staying home when we are sick, and practicing good hygiene. […] You still should get vaccinated, get the updated vaccine, use at-home tests, stay home when you are sick, and wear a high-quality mask when respiratory viruses are circulating at high levels in your community. […] DPH will continue to support long-term care facilities in helping to identify and limit any COVID-19 outbreaks. DPH is committed to offering education and training for outbreak control which can affect the states most vulnerable citizens.

• #84 COVID-19 2023 Update – Ending of the Public Health Emergency

  https://portal.ct.gov/dph/communications/health-topics/covid-19-2023-update—ending-of-the-public-health-emergency

  With the nationally declared Public Health Emergency ending on May 11, the Connecticut Department of Public Health has announced the States COVID-19 recovery plans and next steps. […] Ending the COVID-19 emergency declarations does not mean the virus has been eradicated. We can all stay healthy and live with COVID-19 and other viruses by getting fully vaccinated, staying home when we are sick, and practicing good hygiene. […] You still should get vaccinated, get the updated vaccine, use at-home tests, stay home when you are sick, and wear a high-quality mask when respiratory viruses are circulating at high levels in your community. […] DPH will continue to support long-term care facilities in helping to identify and limit any COVID-19 outbreaks. DPH is committed to offering education and training for outbreak control which can affect the states most vulnerable citizens.

• #85 Infection Control Guidance: SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/infection-control/index.html

  HCP who enter the room of a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection should adhere to Standard Precautions and use a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher, gown, gloves, and eye protection (i.e., goggles or a face shield that covers the front and sides of the face). […] When performing aerosol-generating procedures on patients who are not suspected or confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensure that DHCP correctly wear the recommended PPE (including consideration of a NIOSH Approved particulate respirator with N95 filters or higher as SARS-CoV-2 community transmission increases) and use mitigation methods such as four-handed dentistry, high evacuation suction, and dental dams to minimize droplet spatter and aerosols. […] Assign one or more individuals with training in IPC to provide on-site management of the IPC program.

• #86 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Nurses perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study […] The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought significant pressure on nurses globally as they are the frontline of care. This study aimed to explore the experiences and challenges of nurses who worked with hospitalised patients with COVID-19. […] Five key themes emerged: (1) physical and psychological distress of nurses, (2) willingness to work, (3) the essential role of support mechanisms, (4) educational and informational needs of nurses and (5) the role of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Although the provision of care led to physical and psychological distress among nurses, with their commitment and professional obligation, it is a new experience that leads to personal satisfaction. […] Addressing distress among nurses is essential. The reported learning needs of nurses included skills related to donning and doffing PPE, skills in performing nursing procedures and breaking bad news. Nurse managers need to pay special attention to expanding training opportunities as well as support mechanisms, for example, welfare, appreciations and counselling services for nurses. […] The establishment of timely policies and strategies to protect health workers during a national disaster like COVID-19 is needed.

• #87 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The American Nurses Association supports your ongoing efforts centered on education, prevention, and treatment to mitigate the spread of SARS CoV-2. Continue reading to learn more about the basics of SARS CoV-2 and its associated illness, COVID-19, and find an overview of preparedness and infection control measures. […] All nurses and the health care team must receive the highest level of protection to provide care for the individuals and communities in which they serve. It is essential to develop and educate ALL staff on preparedness plans that provide infection control procedures and protocols used within the health care facility for the early identification, containment, and care of patients with symptoms associated with COVID-19 to prevent spread within the facility. […] On June 27, 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor’s OSHA issued an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) to protect healthcare workers from contracting the Coronavirus Covid-19. This ETS established new requirements for settings where employees provide health care or health support services, including hospitals, skilled nursing homes and home health.

• #88 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Safety of Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes | PSNet

  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-and-safety-older-adults

  The purpose of this primer is to provide updated information to the patient safety community about the challenges of ensuring the safe care of older adults in Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes (NHs) associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the federal and state efforts taken to mitigate these challenges. […] Various factors associated with COVID-19 that negatively impacted patient safety and resulted in poor outcomes for nursing home residents are discussed in this primer, including NH staffing, racial and ethnic disparities, and poor quality of care. […] COVID-19 created challenges for the NH industry, revealing and amplifying significant areas of weakness in NH patient safety, particularly infection control and prevention. […] Several studies indicated that low nurse staffing levels were associated with greater numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths.

• #89 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Safety of Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes | PSNet

  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-and-safety-older-adults

  The purpose of this primer is to provide updated information to the patient safety community about the challenges of ensuring the safe care of older adults in Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes (NHs) associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the federal and state efforts taken to mitigate these challenges. […] Various factors associated with COVID-19 that negatively impacted patient safety and resulted in poor outcomes for nursing home residents are discussed in this primer, including NH staffing, racial and ethnic disparities, and poor quality of care. […] COVID-19 created challenges for the NH industry, revealing and amplifying significant areas of weakness in NH patient safety, particularly infection control and prevention. […] Several studies indicated that low nurse staffing levels were associated with greater numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths.

• #90 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Safety of Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes | PSNet

  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-and-safety-older-adults

  Adequately trained and competent staffing has long been a challenge in NHs, partly due to a history of poor pay and high staff turnover, problems that have been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The pandemic has had a significant impact on all residents and staff in NHs, even those who were not directly exposed to or infected with COVID-19. […] Data and reports have indicated that African Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Latino communities were experiencing higher rates of death due to COVID-19. […] The fast spread of COVID-19 imposed significant challenges on federal and state agencies to provide timely guidance, and on NHs to respond to the quickly changing landscape, implement those changes, and still meet the daily healthcare needs of their residents. […] In response to the rapid spread of COVID-19 and increasing number of deaths in NHs, federal and state government agencies intervened quickly.

• #91 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  This theme highlights the uses of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Participants stated that they used robots to deliver foods, medicines and other stuff to patients. […] Participants stated that modern communication methods, such as mobile phones, intercom system, and video camera systems, were used to improve nurse-patient communication, which helped to minimise exposure time to patients. […] This study further explores the use of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] This phenomenological study provides an insight into the experiences of a sample of nurses who took care of patients with COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. […] Addressing psychological distress among nurses is a priority need. […] Main support networks include the support received from management, peers, co-workers, family, friends, and neighbours. […] The main learning needs of nurses include donning and doffing of PPE, breaking bad news and performing nursing procedures. […] To face future challenges, the establishment of new care models, training programmes, nursing specialities and favourable policies related to COVID-19 care is crucial in the Sri Lankan context.

• #92

  https://journals.lww.com/cinjournal/fulltext/2024/02000/exploring_nursing_care_for_patients_with_covid_19.6.aspx

  This study explored nursing care topics for patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the wards and intensive care units using International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing narratives. […] The most documented topics were related to infection; physical symptoms such as sputum, cough, dyspnea, and shivering; and vital signs including blood oxygen saturation and body temperature. […] This study showed that the International Classification for Nursing Practicebased nursing records can be used as source of information to identify nursing care for patients with coronavirus disease 19. […] In particular, there have been more patients per nurse than usual, as well as new patient categories requiring specialized and complex care. […] Understanding the frequent nursing interventions delivered to patients with COVID-19 using nursing records can provide insights into defining effective nursing care for such patients.

• #93 Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0257064

  Nurses perspectives of taking care of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study […] The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought significant pressure on nurses globally as they are the frontline of care. This study aimed to explore the experiences and challenges of nurses who worked with hospitalised patients with COVID-19. […] Five key themes emerged: (1) physical and psychological distress of nurses, (2) willingness to work, (3) the essential role of support mechanisms, (4) educational and informational needs of nurses and (5) the role of modern technology in COVID-19 care. […] Although the provision of care led to physical and psychological distress among nurses, with their commitment and professional obligation, it is a new experience that leads to personal satisfaction. […] Addressing distress among nurses is essential. The reported learning needs of nurses included skills related to donning and doffing PPE, skills in performing nursing procedures and breaking bad news. Nurse managers need to pay special attention to expanding training opportunities as well as support mechanisms, for example, welfare, appreciations and counselling services for nurses. […] The establishment of timely policies and strategies to protect health workers during a national disaster like COVID-19 is needed.

• #94 Coronavirus | Clinical Information for Nurses | ANA

  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/

  The CDC recommends several steps to identify and care for persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), commonly referred to as Long COVID, is a condition marked by persistent COVID-19 symptoms (or the onset of new symptoms) following recovery from acute COVID-19. It is characterized by new, continuing, or recurring respiratory, neurological, psychological, and cardiac problems occurring four or more weeks after initial infection. PASC can affect anyone, even those who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection. […] Nurses play an integral role in slowing the spread of COVID-19 by educating the community. Here is information you can share with your patients and their family members to help them understand how to flatten the curve. […] Infection control measures are important in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 spread within health care facilities. For guidelines on preparedness, infection control, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply optimization, we have compiled a comprehensive list of resources for you to access.

• #95 Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/

  This review aims to comprehensively describe the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of COVID-19. This review also provides an overview of the different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the guideline-recommended treatment (as of January 2023) for managing this disease. […] The percentage of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization was 6 times higher in those with preexisting medical conditions than those without medical conditions (45.4% vs. 7.6%) based on an analysis by Stokes et al. of confirmed cases reported to the CDC from January 22 to May 30, 2020. […] The NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines recommend COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible for all eligible individuals. […] SARS-CoV-2 and its variants continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention and management of this highly transmissible respiratory viral illness require a holistic and interprofessional approach that includes physicians’ expertise across specialties, nurses, pharmacists, public health experts, and government authorities.

Zobacz więcej