Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bowen’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/bowens-disease-pro

  The incidence in the UK is estimated at around 15 per 100,000 per year but this is based on data from the USA. Incidence is highest in Caucasians living in areas of high sunlight exposure. […] It is more common in women (70-85% of cases) than in men. […] It most commonly appears between the ages of 60 and 70 years.

• #2 Practice Nursing – Managing Bowen’s disease in primary care settings

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/managing-bowens-disease-in-primary-care-settings/

  Bowen’s disease is a rare condition thought to affect approximately 15 per 100,000 people in the UK each year. […] Although the condition can affect both males and females, approximately three quarters of cases occur in women, commonly in their 60’s with a higher occurrence in those with pale skin. […] The condition is rare in patients with darker pigmented skin colouration.

• #3 Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Bowen’s Disease: A Review on Efficacy, Non-Invasive Treatment Monitoring, Tolerability, and Cosmetic Outcome

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/4/795

  Bowen’s disease (BD) is the intraepidermal (in situ) form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), first described by Bowen in 1912. An average annual incidence of 22.4 lesions/100,000 women and 27.8/100,000 men has been reported in the 5-year period from 1996 to 2000 in Canada, and of 142 lesions/100,000 Caucasian residents from 1983–1987 in Hawai. The standardized incidence ratio for in situ carcinoma of the skin is 65 times higher in renal transplant recipients than in the general population. Unlike cSCC, BD appears to have a slight prevalence in women. Risk factors for BD are Fitzpatrick phototype I-II, age over 60 years, chronic UV exposure, and immunosuppression, similar to invasive cSCC. Other recognized risk factors include arsenic exposure and HPV infections. […] Keratinocyte carcinomas are well known to occur at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients, including organ transplant recipients (OTRs) as well as patients with other forms of immune suppression (chronic leukemias, infections, and autoimmune diseases). Much of the existing literature derives from studies on OTRs, which represent the majority of the immunocompromised population. The cumulative incidence is related to geographic latitude, skin type, and immunosuppressive therapies. Indeed, the risk appears to be correlated with the level of immunosuppression in the transplant (heart > kidney > liver). A multicenter US retrospective cohort study including 10,649 adults receiving a primary organ transplant in 2003 or 2008 reported that 8% developed skin cancer, yielding an incidence ratio of 1437 per 100,000 person-years, and 94% of them were cSCC, yielding an incidence ratio of 1355 per 100,000 person-years. Detailed data are limited on BD lesions. In a large Irish population-based study in renal transplant recipients, BD lesions represented 19% of all cancer types with a 65-fold increased standardized incidence ratio (SIR 64.6; 95% CI 53.7–75.5).

• #4 Bowen disease over photoprotected site in an Indian male

  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f586bk

  Bowen disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ in which the basement membrane is intact on histopathology. […] The incidence is around 142 in 100,000 population in a study from Hawaii in 1994. […] The causative factors implicated are excessive sun exposure, chronic arsenic poisoning, genetic factors, trauma, other carcinogenic chemicals and X ray exposure. […] Various medical modalities have been tried in Bowen disease including 5 percent flourouracil, 5 percent imiquimod, grenz ray radiation and photodynamic therapy. […] Amongst surgical choices simple excision with wide margins, Mohs micrographic surgery, carbon dioxide laser, cryotherapy and curettage with electrodessication have been used with good success.

• #5 Bowen Disease: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1100113-overview

  Bowen disease is most commonly reported in sun-exposed sites of Whites. Bowen disease rarely occurs in patients with darker-pigmented skin; if it does, it usually affects nonexposed sites. […] The ratio of Bowen disease is approximately equal between males and females. Bowen disease is more commonly found on the head and neck of men and on the lower limbs and cheeks of women. […] Bowen disease occurs in adulthood, with the highest incidence in patients older than 60 years. […] Because no national health databases collect the numbers of nonmelanoma skin cancers and because of regional differences in incidence rates, estimating the frequency of Bowen disease is difficult. In 1991, a study from Minnesota reported the annual average rate of Bowen disease as 14.9 cases per 100,000 Whites. In 1994, a study from Hawaii reported a rate 10 times that, 142 cases per 100,000 Whites.

• #6 Bowen disease | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/bowen-disease

  Bowen disease is most common in Caucasians and people over forty years old and more common in women than in men. Incidence can vary depending on geographical location, increasing in areas with a significant Caucasian population that receive high levels of sun exposure. Rates have been estimated to range from 14.9 (Minnesota, 1991) to 142 (Hawaii, 1994) cases per 100,000 Caucasians. […] Apart from routine skin examinations as part of a regular physical examination, there are no formal screening tests for Bowen disease.

• #7 ESMO Asia Congress 2024 | OncologyPRO

  https://oncologypro.esmo.org/meeting-resources/esmo-asia-congress-2024/bowen-s-disease-and-the-risk-of-multiple-primary-skin-malignancies

  Bowen’s disease (BD) is defined as an in-situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the epidermis. It has an incidence of 20-28 cases per 100,000 population per year. […] The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database was used to obtain the data of patients diagnosed with BD from 2020 to 2021. […] The results of this study show BD had no significant risk to develop Kaposi sarcoma, melanoma and non-epithelial skin SPMs. Thus, decreasing the burden of skin SPMs among the survivors of BD and improving the psychological status. However, we recommend middle-aged and elderly to undergo routine follow up for the suspicious lesions putting into consideration the other risk factors associated with skin SPMs.

• #8 Bowen’s Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8917478/

  Bowen’s disease (BD) is common in photo-exposed areas of skin, but other sites can also be involved. BD typically occurs in individuals above 60 years of age. It is rare in individuals below 30 years of age. The incidence is high in Caucasians (1.42/1000). However, the true incidence of BD in Indian population is not known. BD is a rare disease among blacks. In Caucasians, sun-exposed sites are commonly affected, whereas in Japanese population, truncal lesions are observed in 53% of individuals. Kossard and Rosen studied 1001 patients with BD and found head and neck (44%) as the most common site followed by lower extremity (29.8%), upper extremity (19.8%), and trunk (6.5%). The incidence of aneuploidy and DNA instability is high in lesional skin of BD. BD usually have an excellent prognosis because it is a slow-growing premalignant lesion. Even spontaneous regression of BD has been reported, probably due to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In BD, recurrence is relatively rare and is approximately 6% within 5 years of taking sufficient treatment. The recurrence is more common among immunosuppressed individuals. BD is a marker of solar damage; hence, patients should be followed up as they are more prone to develop other UV-induced cutaneous malignancies. The development of invasive SCC is due to destruction of basement membrane mediated by metalloproteinases. The development of invasive carcinomas is more common among elderly people and immunocompromised individuals. The clinical signs suggestive of malignant transformation are ulceration, bleeding, and nodule formation. According to few retrospective studies, the risk of malignant transformation is around 3% in case of extra-genital BD and 10% in EQ. The invasive SCC of genitals tends to be more aggressive and metastatic. Around 16% of the invasive SCC of penis arises from EQ, while almost 100% of the invasive SCCs arising from photo-exposed areas are from underlying BD. When confined to the epidermis, BD does not carry any risk of metastasis. However, one-third of the BD which progressed to invasive SCC can metastasize.

• #9 Bowen’s disease | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/worried-about-cancer/pre-cancerous-and-genetic-conditions/bowens-disease

  Bowens disease is a skin condition that can sometimes develop into skin cancer if it is not treated. […] Researchers think that 3 out of every 100 people with Bowens disease (3%) might go on to develop SCC over time. This means that 97 out of every 100 people who have Bowens disease (97%) do not develop SCC. […] Bowens disease usually affects people in their 60s and 70s. […] Bowens disease is not infectious and cannot be passed from one person to another. […] After treatment, you may only need to see your GP for a check-up. If any new skin changes develop, you may need to have these checked by your dermatologist. […] If you are not being seen regularly by a dermatologist, it is important to keep checking your skin yourself. Tell your GP if you develop new patches or have any other skin symptoms.

• #10 Bowen’s disease – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bowen%27s_disease

  Bowen’s disease can affect adults of any age, most commonly involves older patients in their 60s or 70s. […] It is rare before the age of 30 years. […] Bowen’s disease occurs more predominantly in men than in women (70-85% of cases). […] Caucasians are the ones most commonly affected by Bowen’s disease.

• #11 Pathology Outlines – Squamous cell carcinoma in situ / Bowen disease

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocyticcisgeneral.html

  Epidemiology […] – More frequent in […] – White, fair skinned people […] – M = F (World J Clin Cases 2019;7:2910) […] – > 60 years of age […] – Risk factors […] – High sun / ultraviolet (UV) exposure […] – Immunosuppression […] – Arsenic […] – Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (Breast J 2020;26:1234)

• #12 Bowen’s Disease: a four-year retrospective review of epidemiology and treatment at a university center – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18363722/

  A total of 299 patients (193 men, 106 women) with 406 cases of BD were identified. […] The most common locations for BD were in areas with high sun exposure. […] Multiple treatment options are available and recurrence is uncommon.

• #13 Bowen’s disease (Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ; erythroplasia of Queyrat; Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ of the Penis) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/bowens-disease-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-situ-erythroplasia-of-queyrat-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-penis/

  The highest incidence occurs in Caucasians with Fitzpatrick skin type I or II, although it can occur in people with darker pigmentation. The incidence in Caucasians has been reported as being 1.42 per 1000 in some populations. Bowens disease most commonly occurs in sun-exposed areas of the body. No significant difference between male:female ratios has been noted. The highest incidence of Bowens disease occurs in people older than 60 years, although it has been seen in younger patients. […] Subjects with chronic UV exposure and actinic damage are at a greater risk for the development of Bowens disease. There is also an increased incidence of occurrence in those with chronic arsenic toxicity or immunosuppression, those who have received radiotherapy, and those who are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Erythroplasia of Queyrat most frequently occurs in men over the age of 50, although it can occur at any age. Risk factors associated with the development of erythroplasia of Queyrat are being noncircumcised and having chronic inflammation, phimosis, and HPV infection, most commonly HPV type 16.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2022/13020/bowen_s_disease.2.aspx

  Bowen’s disease (BD) is common in photo-exposed areas of skin, but other sites can also be involved. The etiology of BD is multifactorial with high incidence among Caucasians. BD typically occurs in individuals above 60 years of age. It is rare in individuals below 30 years of age. The incidence is high in Caucasians (1.42/1000). However, the true incidence of BD in Indian population is not known. BD is a rare disease among blacks. In Caucasians, sun-exposed sites are commonly affected, whereas in Japanese population, truncal lesions are observed in 53% of individuals. Kossard and Rosen studied 1001 patients with BD and found head and neck (44%) as the most common site followed by lower extremity (29.8%), upper extremity (19.8%), and trunk (6.5%). The incidence of aneuploidy and DNA instability is high in lesional skin of BD. BD usually have an excellent prognosis because it is a slow-growing premalignant lesion. The recurrence is more common among immunosuppressed individuals. BD is a marker of solar damage; hence, patients should be followed up as they are more prone to develop other UV-induced cutaneous malignancies. The risk of malignant transformation is around 3% in case of extra-genital BD and 10% in EQ. The development of invasive carcinomas is more common among elderly people and immunocompromised individuals. The clinical signs suggestive of malignant transformation are ulceration, bleeding, and nodule formation.

• #15 Bowen’s disease of the nipple and areola | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/bowens-disease-of-the-nipple-and-areola-case-report-and-literature-rev-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  Bowens disease (BD) commonly occurs in sites of chronic sunlight exposure such as head, neck and extremities. It rarely distributes on the nipple and areola. […] A case of BD involved the nipple was first described by Cremer et al in 1982. Since then, rare studies have reported BD patients with lesions on the nipple. […] Through a comprehensive literature search from Medline, PubMed, and Em-BASE databases, we obtained 12 BD cases (2 males and 10 females) with breast involvement. […] The majority of patients with BD exhibit a peculiar dermoscopic pattern characterized by a scaly surface and glomerular vessels. […] BD can progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma after several years if left untreated. […] There is currently no widely accepted management protocol for BD of the nipple due to its rarity. […] Wide local excision and complete nipple excision are effective treatments for patients with BD involving the nipple and areola.

• #16 Bowen’s disease of the anal canal treated with radiation therapy: A case report

  https://www.oatext.com/bowens-disease-of-the-anal-canal-treated-with-radiation-therapy-a-case-report.php

  Bowens disease, also known as intraepithelial neoplasia, is a very slow-growing carcinoma in situ. In 3-5% of patients, it can progress to an invasive squamous cell cancer. The anal localization of this disease is very rare. […] The most important risk factor is infection with HPV 16 and 18. […] A therapeutic strategy was not recommended. The decisions for the treatment are influenced by several factors such as lesion size and thickness, the equipment available and the perceived for poor wound healing. The therapy of the choice is surgical excision. […] Because of the morbidity and the high recurrence rates associated with surgical resection of Bowens disease, several treatment modalities have been applied, including imiquimod, external fluorouracil, laser therapy, radiotherapy and, photodynamic therapy.

• #17 Bowen’s Disease Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/bowens-disease

  Bowens disease is an early form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of skin cancer. […] The specific cause of Bowens disease is currently unknown. But there are certain factors associated with the disease. […] You may be more likely to develop Bowens disease if you: have lighter skin, are older than 60, are white, have photosensitive skin, spend a lot of time in the sun, have a compromised immune system, have a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer. […] Bowens disease is a type of SCC, a type of cancer. It can be successfully treated using various methods, but it should be treated early or else it can become invasive. […] There are multiple options for effective Bowens disease treatments. So, for most people, the recovery rate is high. […] The key is to treat Bowens disease as early as possible. Thats because its more difficult to treat in its later stages.

• #18 Bowen’s Disease of the Eyelid: a Teaching Case Report | The Journal of Optometric Education

  https://journal.opted.org/article/bowens-disease-of-the-eyelid-a-teaching-case-report/

  Bowens disease (BD), also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is a precancerous skin lesion confined to the epidermis. BD is more prevalent in women and primarily affects individuals of Caucasian and Asian descent between the sixth and ninth decade of life. […] The etiology of BD is multifactorial and it may arise spontaneously or from other precancerous lesions, such as AK. Chronic sun exposure, carcinogen (e.g., arsenic and occupational chemicals) exposure, human papillomavirus, previous injury to the skin, and immunosuppression have all been linked. BD is more prevalent in women and primarily affects individuals of Caucasian and Asian descent between the sixth and ninth decade of life. Early lesion formation is subtle and slow-growing, leading to a delay in diagnosis. […] A comprehensive workup is necessary to diagnose an individual with BD. The lesion is examined for its color, shape, size, border and elevation, and palpated to determine malignancy potential. Diagnosis is confirmed via biopsy or dermoscopy.

• #19 A case series of Bowen’s disease in a tertiary care centre in South India – IJCED

  https://www.ijced.org/html-article/22702

  Bowens disease is a rare squamous cell carcinoma in-situ of epidermis, initially described by John Templeton Bowen, an American dermatologist in 1912. Chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure, arsenic exposure, various HPV strains, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression and chronic irritation are considered as some of the risk factors for development of Bowens disease. However the exact etiology is not clearly understood. The true incidence of Bowens disease in Indian population is not known. The incidence is high in Caucasians (1.42/1000). Most of the lesions occur over photo exposed sites due to chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In some patients, photo protected sites may be affected too and in these patients, exposure to arsenic and other chemicals and some of the HPV strains such as HPV 16, 31, 33, 56, 71 are implicated in the etiology. Various studies had reported sixth to seventh decade of life to be the most common age group affected by Bowens disease. But in this study only 37.5% belonged to sixth to seventh decade while 50% of patients belonged to fourth to sixth decade and there was one patient in eighth decade. A study done by Kossard and Rosen et al, reported head and neck (44%) as the most common site followed by lower limbs (29.8%), upper limbs (19.8%) and trunk (6.5%) in their study on 1001 patients with Bowens disease. In our study, in 50% of patients trunk was involved followed by upper limbs (25%) and lower limbs (25%).

• #20

  https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2004/03150/treatment_of_bowen_s_disease_with_imiquimod_5_.30.aspx

  There is a dramatically increased incidence of epithelial skin neoplasms in transplant recipients (TR) (1). […] Bowens disease (BD), an intraepithelial form of squamous cell carcinoma, is one of the most common skin neoplasms in TR, often occurring multifocally and carrying the risk for progression into invasive and potentially fatal squamous cell carcinoma. […] Our results demonstrate a high efficacy and a good tolerability of topical treatment of imiquimod 5% cream in BD in TR, which represents a promising new therapeutic modality for BD, especially on exposed areas such as the face and ears. […] Our results may encourage larger and controlled studies to assess the safety profile and long-term efficacy of imiquimod in TR, particularly with multifocal BD.

• #21 Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Bowen’s Disease: A Review on Efficacy, Non-Invasive Treatment Monitoring, Tolerability, and Cosmetic Outcome

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/4/795

  The prognosis of BD is excellent, as it is usually a slow-growing lesion. However, the overall rate of progression to invasive cSCC is 3–5%, or even up to 10% for genital lesions, and is more common among the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical signs suggestive of malignant transformation are ulceration, nodule formation, and bleeding. […] We performed a literature review on the application of PDT in the treatment of BD using the PubMed database, and the search terms were the following: photodynamic therapy, PDT, MAL-PDT, ALA-PDT, Bowen’s disease, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. This review includes studies published through January 2024, describing clinical response, recurrence rates, cosmetic outcome, tolerability, and the adverse effects of PDT in the treatment of BD, considering different protocols in terms of photosensitizers, light source, and combination treatments.

• #22 A case series of Bowen’s disease in a tertiary care centre in South India – IJCED

  https://www.ijced.org/html-article/22702

  Bowens disease is a rare squamous cell carcinoma in-situ of epidermis which has the potential to turn into malignancy. Progression to malignancy is seen in 10% of genital Bowens disease and 3-5% of extragenital Bowens disease. There is a risk of metastases in 13% of these invasive malignant cases and 10% mortality rate due to widespread dissemination. […] Dermoscopy has evolved as a quick, non-invasive tool that facilitates early diagnosis of Bowens disease and helps in prompt initiation of treatment to reduce morbidity of patients.

• #23 Bowen’s Disease in the Thenar Eminence: A Case Report

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijdrt/journal-of-dermatology-research-and-therapy-ijdrt-6-080.php?jid=ijdrt

  Bowen’s disease is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma that was firstly described in 1912 by JT Bowen. It is more common in male and caucasians with a peak incidence in seventh decade of life. […] Clinically, a typical Bowen’s disease is a slowly enlarging erythematous patch or plaque, asymptomatic, with 3-5% risk to develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma in extragenital lesions and about 10% in genital lesions. […] The exact cause is unclear but several etiological factors have been described, such as ultraviolet radiation, radiotherapy, carcinogens (for example arsenic), immunosuppression and viruses like HPV. […] A diagnosis of Bowen’s disease is suspected based upon a detailed patient history and physical examination and is confirmed by a biopsy. […] There is a wide range of therapeutic options available for the treatment of Bowen’s disease. The selection of the treatment is based on a number of factors such as location of the lesion, diameter, number of lesions, age, comorbidities, immune status and compliance.

• #24 Spot Check | Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

  https://www.spotcheck.clinic/conditions/skin-cancers/bowens/

  Bowen’s disease may be suspected if an irregular pink rough patch appears on a sun-exposed part of the body, particularly in an elderly patient or one with a suppressed immune system. A punch or shave biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. […] SSCC is the second most common type of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. It is more common in people with fair skin, a history of sun exposure over many years, or those with immunosuppressive conditions. […] Due to a higher risk of skin cancers in future, including potentially serious squamous cell carcinomas, have a yearly full body skin check with an experienced skin cancer doctor.

• #25 Bowen’s disease of the anal canal treated with radiation therapy: A case report

  https://www.oatext.com/bowens-disease-of-the-anal-canal-treated-with-radiation-therapy-a-case-report.php

  Of these, radiation therapy is appropriate for larger and recurrent lesions with good functional and cosmetic results. […] Radiation therapy is also advantageous in patients who refuse surgery, for large or multiples lesions, for lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas, and in patients who are predisposed to formation keloids. […] There is no standard protocol for follow-up of anal Bowens disease. […] At 18 months of control, the patient had no visible lesion of the anal canal, and without palpable mass on the rectal touch. […] Radiotherapy is a therapeutic option in Bowens anal canal disease that has shown its efficacy. […] Bowens disease localized at the anal canal is a rare pathology. Different therapeutic methods have been evaluated. Radiotherapy might be a considered option of treatment based on the topological conditions of the lesion, with good local control.

• #26

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00432-024-05743-0

  The treatment of MCC overlapping BD adheres to the principles established for MCC treatment. […] Complete surgical excision with clear margins stands as the optimal therapeutic choice, complemented by adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or their combination. […] Regular follow-ups are strongly recommended to monitor the condition.

• #27 Bowen’s Disease: A Six-year Retrospective Study of Treatment with Emphasis on Resection Margins | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1771

  Bowens disease (BD), originally described by JT Bowen in 1912, is a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ of the skin, restricted to the epidermis and without evidence of dermal invasion. The annual incidence in the UK is 15/100,000 and 14.9-27.8/100,000 in North American populations. The peak incidence is in the seventies. BD predominantly occurs on areas of the body subjected to chronic sun exposure (head, neck and lower legs). About 75% of patients have lesions on the lower legs. Immunosuppression is a risk factor for BD. Most studies suggest a risk of advancement into invasive SCC in about 35% of cases and a further progression to metastasis may occur in 1/3 of those invasive tumours. […] The UK guidelines state that no single treatment modality is superior for all clinical situations. All therapeutic options have failure and recurrence rates in the order of 5-10%. In the Netherlands low risk SCC are excised with a 5 mm safety margin, margins for BD are not specified. To date, no comparative trials have been published about safety margins in BD.

• #28 Bowen’s Disease of the Eyelid: a Teaching Case Report | The Journal of Optometric Education

  https://journal.opted.org/article/bowens-disease-of-the-eyelid-a-teaching-case-report/

  Several treatment options for BD are available and categorized into surgical and topical interventions. Surgical interventions include excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, cryotherapy and curettage and desiccation (CD). […] Overall, BD has a favorable prognosis with a risk of conversion to SCC of 3-4%. After treatment, there is a 10% chance of BD reocurrence.

• #29 Bowen’s Disease in the Thenar Eminence: A Case Report

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijdrt/journal-of-dermatology-research-and-therapy-ijdrt-6-080.php?jid=ijdrt

  Surgical excision is accepted as the gold standard for the treatment of Bowen’s disease. It allows to histologically examine the resection margins and ensure free margins. […] It is essential an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment due to the risk of malignant transformation. Surgical excision with a wide margin is a useful approach with a low recurrence rate and usually with an acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes.

• #30 From Bowen disease to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: eight markers were verified from transcriptomic and proteomic analyses | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text

  https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-022-03622-1

  Bowen’s disease is a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in situ. If left untreated, BD may progress to invasive CSCC. CSCC is one of the most common cutaneous carcinoma in the elderly and the advanced, metastasis CSCC usually have a poor outcomes. However, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis from Bowens disease to CSCC is complicated and still unclear. […] The aim of this study was to explore the biomarkers and molecular alterations in Bowens disease development process via analyzing the proteomics changes in tissues of CSCC, Bowen disease and healthy skin. […] If left untreated, BD may progress to invasive CSCC with the incidence of 3%~5%. […] The exact mechanisms by which BD progresses to CSCC are complicated and merits more attention. […] The proteomics technology has been successfully used to identify DEPs/DEGs in tumor tissues and to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying and/or potential therapy targets for these complicated diseases.

• #31 From Bowen disease to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: eight markers were verified from transcriptomic and proteomic analyses | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text

  https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-022-03622-1

  The proteomics changes in tumor tissues can directly and veritably reflect the local tumor microenvironment, thus providing a way to investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumor. […] In this proteomics study, we found that a numerous protein expression levels were significantly changed in the lesions between CSCC and Bowen disease. […] Therefore, these significantly DEPs may play essential roles in the pathogenesis of malignant biological behaviors in CSCC. […] In conclusion, the proteomics technology provides a new method for the identification of key proteins associated with migration and invasion mechanisms in CSCC. These proteins were mainly involved in multiple pathways, including Focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, Human papillomavirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway. Multiple protein factors, such as TNC, FSCN1, SERPINB1, ACTN1, RAB31, COL3A1, COL1A1 and CD36 could be as novel therapeutic target to manage CSCC.

• #32 Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_squamous-cell_carcinoma

  The incidence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma continues to rise around the world. This is theorized to be due to several factors; including an aging population, a greater incidence of those who are immunocompromised and the increasing use of tanning beds. […] A recent study estimated that there are between 180,000 and 400,000 cases of cSCC in the United States in 2013. Risk factors for cSCC varies with age, gender, race, geography, and genetics. The incidence of cSCC increases with age and with those 75 years or older being at a 5-10 times increased risk of developing cSCC as compared with those who are younger than 55 years old. […] Solid organ transplant recipients (heart, lung, liver, pancreas, among others) are also at a heightened risk of developing aggressive, high-risk cSCC. There are also a few rare congenital diseases predisposed to cutaneous malignancy. In certain geographic locations, exposure to arsenic in well water or from industrial sources may significantly increase the risk of cSCC.

• #33

  https://www.ijord.com/index.php/ijord/article/view/1800

  Bowens disease is a type of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is most frequently diagnosed in the sixth to eighth decade of life. […] There were fourteen cases of Bowens disease with most patients belonging to 5-6th decade of life (80%). Males were more commonly affected (60%). […] The correct identification helps in appropriate diagnosis and treatment after biopsy confirmation. Adequate resection helps in preventing risk of invasive malignancy in these conditions.

• #34 Bowen’s Disease Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/bowens-disease

  Its possible to lower your risk of developing Bowens disease. This includes: limiting or avoiding prolonged sun exposure, avoiding tanning beds, applying sunscreen every day, wearing protective clothing. […] Getting regular skin checkups can also help catch Bowens disease early, when treatment is most effective.

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