Brodawki łojotokowe (lub polipy skórne, acrochordony)
Etiologia i przyczyny

Brodawki łojotokowe, występujące u 50-60% dorosłej populacji, są łagodnymi zmianami skórnymi o złożonej etiologii, obejmującej predyspozycje genetyczne, czynniki mechaniczne (np. przewlekłe tarcie skóry w fałdach takich jak szyja, pachy, pachwiny), zaburzenia hormonalne (w tym PCOS, ciąża, akromegalia) oraz procesy starzenia się skóry. Otyłość stanowi istotny czynnik ryzyka, zwiększając tarcie w fałdach skórnych oraz wpływając na metabolizm komórek skóry, często współistniejąc z insulinoopornością i zespołem metabolicznym. W badaniach wykazano, że około 40,6% pacjentów z brodawkami łojotokowymi ma cukrzycę typu 2 lub nieprawidłową tolerancję glukozy, a hiperinsulinemia może stymulować ich rozwój. Dodatkowo, obecność licznych brodawek może wskazywać na konieczność diagnostyki w kierunku zaburzeń metabolicznych.

Brodawki łojotokowe (lub polipy skórne, acrochordony) – Etiologia, przyczyny i czynniki ryzyka

Brodawki łojotokowe są powszechnymi, łagodnymi zmianami skórnymi, które występują u około 50-60% dorosłej populacji. Chociaż dokładna etiologia ich powstawania nie jest w pełni poznana, istnieje wiele czynników, które przyczyniają się do ich rozwoju12.

Czynniki genetyczne i predyspozycje rodzinne

Istnieje wyraźny komponent genetyczny w rozwoju brodawek łojotokowych. Badania wskazują, że osoby, których rodzice lub rodzeństwo mają brodawki łojotokowe, są bardziej narażone na ich rozwój12. Predyspozycja genetyczna może wpływać na sposób, w jaki skóra reaguje na tarcie, hormony oraz jak regeneruje się podczas procesów starzenia1.

Tarcie i mechaniczne drażnienie skóry

Jedną z głównych teorii dotyczących powstawania brodawek łojotokowych jest przewlekłe tarcie skóry o skórę lub o ubranie1. Brodawki łojotokowe często pojawiają się w miejscach, gdzie skóra trze o skórę, takich jak1:

  • Szyja
  • Pachy
  • Pachwiny
  • Fałdy pod piersiami
  • Powieki
  • Miejsca intymne

12

Ciągłe drażnienie mechaniczne prowadzi do skupiania się kolagenu i naczyń krwionośnych w grubszych warstwach skóry, co może inicjować tworzenie się brodawek łojotokowych12.

Otyłość i nadwaga

Otyłość jest silnym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju brodawek łojotokowych z kilku powodów:

  • Zwiększona liczba fałdów skórnych, co prowadzi do zwiększonego tarcia1
  • Zmiany metaboliczne w organizmie, które powodują nadmierną produkcję komórek skóry1
  • Często współistniejąca insulinooporność12

1

Badania wykazały korelację między występowaniem brodawek łojotokowych a otyłością, dyslipidemią i nadciśnieniem tętniczym1.

Zaburzenia hormonalne i zmiany poziomu hormonów

Wahania hormonalne mogą znacząco wpływać na rozwój brodawek łojotokowych1. Szczególnie narażone są osoby z:

  • Zaburzeniami równowagi hormonów płciowych – szczególnie estrogenu i progesteronu1
  • Zespołem policystycznych jajników (PCOS) – który wiąże się z zaburzeniami hormonalnymi i często prowadzi do rozwoju brodawek łojotokowych12
  • Ciążą – wysoki poziom hormonów w ciąży, szczególnie w drugim trymestrze, sprzyja powstawaniu brodawek łojotokowych, które zwykle zanikają po porodzie12
  • Akromegalią – choroba charakteryzująca się nadmiernym wydzielaniem hormonu wzrostu1

1

Insulinooporność i cukrzyca typu 2

Istnieje silny związek między insulinoopornością, cukrzycą typu 2 a występowaniem brodawek łojotokowych1. Badania wykazały, że:

1

Obecność licznych brodawek łojotokowych może sugerować konieczność badań w kierunku insulinooporności i cukrzycy1.

Związek z wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV)

Niektóre badania sugerują potencjalny związek między brodawkami łojotokowymi a infekcją wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV)1:

  • DNA HPV typu 6/11 wykryto w wysokim odsetku próbek biopsji brodawek łojotokowych1
  • Badania wskazują, że infekcja wirusowa może być czynnikiem współdziałającym w patogenezie brodawek łojotokowych1
  • Szczególnie brodawki łojotokowe w okolicy pachwinowej częściej występują u osób z HPV1

1

Należy jednak zaznaczyć, że nie wszystkie badania potwierdzają ten związek, a dokładna rola HPV w powstawaniu brodawek łojotokowych wymaga dalszych badań1.

Wiek i procesy starzenia się skóry

Prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju brodawek łojotokowych znacząco wzrasta wraz z wiekiem1. Czynniki związane z wiekiem obejmują:

  • Naturalne procesy starzenia się skóry i utratę elastyczności1
  • Zmniejszoną produkcję kolagenu i elastyny1
  • Zmiany strukturalne w skórze1

1

Badania wskazują, że około 59% osób ma brodawki łojotokowe do 70 roku życia, a szczyt zachorowalności przypada na wiek po 40-50 roku życia12.

Zespoły genetyczne i choroby współistniejące

Brodawki łojotokowe mogą być również związane z rzadkimi zespołami genetycznymi, takimi jak zespół Birta-Hogga-Dubégo (BHD)1. Jest to rzadka choroba genetyczna charakteryzująca się występowaniem guzów skóry, w tym licznych włókniaków mieszkowych, dyskotrychom i brodawek łojotokowych1.

Inne choroby, które mogą współistnieć z brodawkami łojotokowymi to:

1

Czynniki biochemiczne i molekularne

Na poziomie molekularnym, w rozwoju brodawek łojotokowych rolę mogą odgrywać:

  • Czynniki wzrostunaskórkowy czynnik wzrostu (EGF) i tkankowy czynnik wzrostu alfa (TGF-α) mogą być zaangażowane w rozwój brodawek łojotokowych1
  • Podwyższony poziom białka C-reaktywnego – marker stanu zapalnego1
  • Zmiany w metabolizmie kolagenu – brodawki łojotokowe są tworzone przez nagromadzenie luźnego kolagenu i naczyń krwionośnych otoczonych warstwą naskórka12

1

Czynniki środowiskowe i stylu życia

Dodatkowo, na rozwój brodawek łojotokowych mogą wpływać czynniki środowiskowe:

  • Noszenie ciasnej lub ocierającej się odzieży1
  • Noszenie biżuterii powodującej podrażnienia1
  • Nadmierna wilgotność w fałdach skórnych1
  • Gorący i wilgotny klimat, który może nasilać podrażnienia skóry1

1

Współzależność czynników w etiologii brodawek łojotokowych

Etiologia brodawek łojotokowych jest złożona i wieloczynnikowa. Ich powstawanie wynika z kombinacji predyspozycji genetycznych, czynników środowiskowych, zaburzeń hormonalnych i metabolicznych oraz naturalnych procesów starzenia się skóry1. Należy podkreślić, że chociaż brodawki łojotokowe są zmianami łagodnymi, ich obecność, szczególnie w dużej liczbie, może być sygnałem ostrzegawczym wskazującym na potencjalne problemy metaboliczne lub hormonalne12.

Zrozumienie przyczyn powstawania brodawek łojotokowych ma istotne znaczenie kliniczne, gdyż może pomóc w identyfikacji pacjentów wymagających dalszej diagnostyki w kierunku zaburzeń metabolicznych, jak insulinooporność czy zespół metaboliczny12.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Skin Tag Causes, Pictures, Symptoms, Cream, Removal Cost
    https://www.medicinenet.com/skin_tag/article.htm
    Skin tags are common, acquired, benign skin-colored growths that resemble small, soft balloons suspended on slender stalks. They are harmless and can range in number from one to hundreds. Obesity seems to be associated with skin tag development. […] The precise cause of skin tags is unknown. They become more common with age and occur more frequently in people with a family history of skin tags. People with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, are also more likely to develop skin tags. […] The exact cause of skin tags is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development, such as friction and rubbing, skin irritation and inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity, hormonal changes, genetics, growth hormone disorders, age, and sun exposure.
  • #1 Skin Tags Causes: 7 Factors that Put You at Risk — Skin MD – Dermatologist in Ortigas, Pasig
    https://www.skinmd.ph/blog-content/skin-tags-causes
    Skin aging happens as fat, moisture, and elasticity are lost in the skin. The skin undergoes changes and along with them are conditions that become more common as people age such as skin tags. […] While skin tags are commonly associated with aging, there are other underlying factors that make a person more vulnerable to this skin condition. It helps to know the most common skin tags causes to assess your risk. […] Research shows that around 50% to 60% of adults will develop at least one skin tag in their lifetime with higher chances of occurrence after 40 years of age. Its prevalence is high and there are factors that put a person at greater risk. […] Genetics is one of the risk factors that increases the onset of skin tags in both men and women. If you have parents or siblings with skin tags, chances are youll develop these skin growths too.
  • #1 Skin Tags: Causes, Triggers, and Prevention Tips – Lumine Dermatology & Laser Clinic
    https://luminederm.com/skin-tags-causes-triggers-and-prevention-tips/
    What Causes Skin Tags? […] Lets break it down. What causes skin tags? There isnt just one reason. Its often a combo of skin tag causes that leads to the development of skin tags. […] Some people are just more likely to get skin tags because of family history. If your relatives have them, your risk for skin tags increases. Your DNA can affect how your skin reacts to friction, hormones, and even how it regenerates. In other words, if your parents or grandparents had a history of skin tags, theres a good chance you might, too. […] Constant friction can trigger skin tag formation. Tight clothes, jewellery, and even regular movement can cause irritated skin, leading to harmless growths. Being overweight also increases the chances of the skin folds rubbing together, increasing the risk of skin tag formation.
  • #1 Skin Tags | Causes and Treatment | The Dermatology & Skin Cancer Surgery Center at Creedmoor
    https://www.creedmoorskinsurgerycenter.com/conditions/skin-tags
    Skin tags, also known as acrochordons, are small, benign skin growths that commonly appear on areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing, such as the neck, armpits, and groin. While the exact cause of skin tags is unknown, they are believed to develop as a result of friction or rubbing. […] Causes of Skin Tags: Skin-to-skin or skin-to-clothing friction. More prevalent in middle-aged and older individuals but can occur at any age. There may be a genetic predisposition to developing skin tags. Excess body weight can contribute to the development of skin tags, especially in areas where skin rubs against itself. Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy or in individuals with conditions like diabetes.
  • #1 Skin tags – causes, symptoms, and removal | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/skin-tags
    Skin tags (also known as 'acrochordons’) are small growths that hang on the skin. […] Skin tags tend to develop when the skin rubs together, such as armpits, anus, thighs, eyelids and neck, and are more common in people living with overweight and obesity who have folds of skin. […] The exact cause of skin tags is unknown, and there are likely to be both lifestyle and genetic causes. Some people develop them for no known reason. […] You are more likely to get skin tags in areas where the skin tends to rub against itself. Some health conditions are through to contribute to the risk of developing skin tags, such as: overweight and obesity, diabetes, pregnancy. […] Anyone of any gender can develop skin tags, and they are more common in older people. If you’re pregnant and develop skin tags, they usually disappear after your baby is born.
  • #1 Moles, Freckles, and Skin Tags: Types, Causes, Treatments
    https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/moles-freckles-skin-tags
    Skin Tags (acrochordons) are benign skin growths that affect about half of all adults. Doctors aren’t sure just what causes them, but skin friction can play a role. […] A skin tag is a small flap of tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk. Skin tags are not dangerous. They are usually found on the neck, chest, back, armpits, under the breasts, or in the groin area. Skin tags appear most often in women, especially with weight gain, and in people in middle age and older.
  • #1 What are skin tags? Causes and treatment options
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/67317
    Skin tags are very common and generally occur after midlife. They affect men and women equally. […] It is not clear exactly what causes skin tags, but it may happen when clusters of collagen and blood vessels become trapped inside thicker pieces of skin. […] As they are more common in skin creases or folds, they may be mainly caused by skin rubbing against skin. […] Some people appear to inherit an increased susceptibility to skin tags. […] Skin tags affect both males and females, but they happen more often during pregnancy, in people who have obesity, and in people with diabetes. […] They have been associated with hyperinsulinemia, when there is too much insulin circulating in the blood. […] Skin tags appear to be more common in: people who are overweight and obese; those with diabetes; women during pregnancy, possibly due to hormonal changes and high levels of growth factors; those with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV); people with a sex-steroid imbalance, especially if there are changes in levels of estrogen and progesterone; those whose close family members also have skin tags.
  • #1 Skin Tags Causes: 7 Factors that Put You at Risk — Skin MD – Dermatologist in Ortigas, Pasig
    https://www.skinmd.ph/blog-content/skin-tags-causes
    Women are more prone to skin tags. This is due to the hormonal fluctuations experienced by women, particularly during menopause and pregnancy. […] As people age, there are also changes that occur in the skin. Aging causes the production of collagen and elastin to slow down. These proteins play an essential role in maintaining healthy and youthful-looking skin. The risk of skin tags increases along with the loss of these proteins. […] Being overweight or obese contributes to the growth of skin tags. Excessive weight gain, causes skin areas to rub against each other. It also induces metabolic changes in the body which results in the excessive production of skin cells. […] Certain metabolic disorders can increase the growth of skin tags in the body. […] Insulin resistance is a factor that causes skin tags to grow in the body. Their appearance may be an indication of underlying insulin issues. People who have a lot of skin tags are recommended to consult a doctor to rule out diabetes.
  • #1 7 Risk Factors for Skin Tags – Dermatology Center of Northwest Houston
    https://www.dermatologynwhouston.com/7-risk-factors-for-skin-tags/
    The underlying cause of skin tags isnt well understood. In addition to friction, you may develop tags when excess collagen and blood vessels get trapped under thicker pieces of your skin. There are many underlying factors that can contribute to the growth of skin tags, such as: […] Both men and women are at risk for skin tags, especially If they have parents or siblings with skin tags. […] Women are especially prone to the growths due to hormone fluctuations that occur, especially during their transition to menopause. Hormone changes during pregnancy can also cause the growth of more skin tags. […] Your weight can play a role in the growth of skin tags. This may be due to increased friction in your skin in areas where it rubs together. Being overweight or obese can also cause metabolic changes in your body that trigger the production of excess skin cells.
  • #1 Skin Tags: Causes and Treatment | Pinehurst Dermatology
    https://www.pinehurstdermatology.com/conditions/skin-tags
    Skin tags are small, benign growths that hang off the skin and are usually flesh-colored. […] Causes of Skin Tags: Skin-to-skin or skin-to-clothing friction. More prevalent in middle-aged and older individuals but can occur at any age. There may be a genetic predisposition to developing skin tags. Excess body weight can contribute to the development of skin tags, especially in areas where skin rubs against itself. Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy or in individuals with conditions like diabetes. […] While skin tags are mostly harmless, they are sometimes associated with conditions like obesity, insulin resistance, or metabolic syndrome.
  • #1 What are skin tags? Causes and treatment options
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/67317
    Studies have found that skin tags are more likely to occur with: obesity; dyslipidemia, for example, high cholesterol levels; hypertension, or high blood pressure. […] They have also been linked to insulin resistance and elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. […] This suggests that skin tags may offer an external sign of an increased risk of: insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease. […] Skin tags are also associated with Birt-Hogg-Dub syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). […] Birt-Hogg-Dub (BHD) syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by skin tumors, including multiple fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordon, or skin tags. […] PCOS is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
  • #1 Skin tags. Acrochordons
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/skin-tag
    Skin tags develop in both men and women as they grow older. […] It is not known what causes skin tags. However, the following factors may play a role: […] High levels of growth factors, particularly during pregnancy or in acromegaly (gigantism). […] Insulin resistance (syndrome X). […] Human papillomavirus (wart virus).
  • #1 Acrochordon: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060373-overview
    Frequent irritation seems to be an important causative factor, especially in persons who are obese. An opinion also exists that acrochordons are simply the effect of skin aging, with many factors responsible for their development. Hormone imbalances may facilitate the development of acrochordons (eg, high levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy, high levels of growth hormone in acromegaly). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and alpha tissue growth factor (TGF) have also been implicated in the development of tumors such as these. Whether any infective factors initiate acrochordon growth is still not clear. […] Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 DNA were found in a high percentage of skin tag biopsy samples obtained from 49 white patients. According to the authors of the study, viral infection should be considered as a pathogenic cofactor.
  • #1 Skin Tags Causes: 7 Factors that Put You at Risk — Skin MD – Dermatologist in Ortigas, Pasig
    https://www.skinmd.ph/blog-content/skin-tags-causes
    Another underlying health issue that may trigger skin tags is high cholesterol. According to a study, aside from obesity, skin tags are more likely to occur with dyslipidemia, a lipid imbalance, which includes high cholesterol levels and hypertension. […] Aside from dark skin patches, one of the manifestations of PCOS is skin tags. PCOS causes hormone imbalances which put women with the condition at higher risk for skin tags to erupt and appear in various areas of the body. […] Skin tags in the groin area are common among people with HPV, a sexually transmitted virus that can increase a persons risk for certain types of cancers, such as cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men. Although HPV doesnt cause skin tags, it is a factor in its development. People with HPV, have an increased chance of getting these growths.
  • #1 Vaginal Skin Tags: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24330-vaginal-skin-tag
    Vaginal skin tags appear when your body produces extra cells in the top layer of your skin. Theres no single reason this happens, but friction likely plays a role. Skin tags typically appear in skin folds, where theres skin-to-skin contact. Friction between skin and clothing, like the skin on your vulva and your underwear, may cause them, too. […] Certain factors make you more likely to get them: Pregnancy: Skin tags commonly appear during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester (week 14 to week 27). Hormone changes may spur the growth of new skin cells. Another theory is that the additional pregnancy weight increases skin-to-skin contact, leading to more skin tags. […] HPV infection: Some studies suggest that low-risk HPV may play a role in forming some skin tags. Other studies have shown that theres no connection between the two. More evidence is needed to understand if theres any relationship between HPV and skin tags.
  • #1 Skin tags: causes, symptoms, and removal – clearskin
    https://clearskinforyou.com/2024/06/skin-tags-causes-symptoms-and-removal/
    The aging process is one of the most important causes of skin tags appearance on the skin. Skin tags may be part of the normal aging process. As skin loses elasticity over time, these growths can emerge. […] The genetics are considered as another skin tags causes. If a blood relative has skin tags, you might be at higher risk. […] Conditions like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are associated with an elevated risk of skin tags.
  • #1 Acrochordon: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060373-overview
    Acrochordons associated with fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas have been described as components of BHD syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder. They have been reported to accompany other neoplasms, especially tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Neoplasms are suggested to produce and release growth factors that cause acrochordon growth into the circulation. The results of a recent study refute the theory that an association of acrochordons and colonic polyps actually exists. […] An association with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been observed. A study of 118 research subjects with acrochordon reported an incidence of 40.6% of either overt type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Reports exist suggesting that the mechanism is through the effect of insulin and glucose starvation. The previous study showed no correlation between the location, size, color, or number of acrochordons with impairment of glucose tolerance. However, they may suggest early metabolic syndrome. A possible role for insulinlike growth factor in the etiology of acrochordons was suggested in a study of 30 nondiabetic persons and 30 controls.
  • #1 Skin Tags (Acrochordon): Causes and Treatment
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/skin-tags-acrochordon-causes-and-treatment
    Skin tags are small, soft, skin-colored growths that hang from the skin and resemble warts. […] Although the exact reason for their appearance is unknown, they are thought to be associated with the following: […] Friction between skin surfaces – It can occur more in the summer season due to the deposition of sweat in the neck, thighs, and armpits. […] Insulin resistance – It is a condition in which the cells of the individuals body fail to respond well to the insulin that is secreted. As a result, the pancreas tries to make up additional insulin for the body. The appearance of more skin tags can very well indicate diabetes. […] Obesity – This is due to the increased levels of insulin in the blood than the normal levels. Obesity can also be related to diabetes. Hyperinsulinemia refers to elevated insulin levels in the bloodstream. Many growth factors are stimulated in hyperinsulinemia.
  • #1 Skin tags: Why they develop, and how to remove them
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/skin-tags
    Skin tags are harmless growths that can appear anywhere on your skin, but often develop on the neck, eyelids, or underarms. […] These growths can appear anywhere on the skin, but they usually develop where skin has been rubbing against skin, jewelry, or clothing for some time. […] Because they develop where skin rubs against skin, people who are overweight, pregnant, or have loose skin are more likely to get skin tags. […] You also have a higher risk of developing skin tags if you have diabetes, metabolic syndrome (high blood pressure, unhealthy blood sugar levels, extra fat around your waist, or unhealthy cholesterol levels), or a blood relative has skin tags. […] Its important to keep in mind that these growths are harmless. […] Suddenly developing many skin tags while rare can be a sign that something is going on inside your body.
  • #1 Why do skin tags develop and how to remove them
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321641
    Skin tags are also called acrochordons. It is unclear why they develop. However, one theory is that skin irritation may play a role in their formation. […] Other theories put forward as to why skin tags may develop include: the aging process of the skin (and loss of elastic tissue), human papillomavirus (HPV), insulin resistance. […] According to the American Academy of Dermatology, having numerous skin tags may indicate a person has too much insulin in their blood. A doctor may suggest testing for type 2 diabetes.
  • #1 Skin tag – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_tag
    Skin tags are thought to occur from skin rubbing against skin, since they are often found in skin creases and folds. […] Studies have shown existence of low-risk human papillomaviruses 6 and 11 in skin tags, hinting at a possible role in their pathogenesis, although a 2012 study found no association between skin tags and either low- or high-risk HPV. […] A causal genetic component is thought to exist. […] Elevated blood sugar and insulin is linked to an increased incidence of skin tags through an unknown mechanism.
  • #1 Skin Tags (Acrochordons): Skin Tag Removal, Skin Tag on Eyelid
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21528-skin-tags-acrochordons
    Skin tags occur when the body produces extra cells in the skins top layers. They tend to form in skin folds and areas where natural movement causes the skin to rub against itself. […] The likelihood of developing skin tags increases with age. You may also be at risk if you: Have a family history of skin tags. Live with health issues such as diabetes, obesity or skin disorders, like Birt-Hogg-Dub syndrome. Experience high levels of growth factors, which can happen during pregnancy.
  • #1 7 Risk Factors for Skin Tags – Dermatology Center of Northwest Houston
    https://www.dermatologynwhouston.com/7-risk-factors-for-skin-tags/
    There is a link between insulin resistance in your body and the growth of skin tags. In fact, people with a lot of skin tags may need to be tested for diabetes, as the tags can sometimes be a warning sign of underlying insulin issues. […] Women with PCOS can be at higher risk for skin tags because of the hormone imbalances that occur with the condition. […] Having HPV can increase your risk for skin tags that grow in the groin area, possibly due to friction in the area. […] As you get older, your skin slows down its production of collagen and elastin, two proteins essential for healthy, youthful skin. The loss of these proteins can increase your risk for the growth of new skin tags.
  • #1 Skin Tags : Causes and RemovalAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset
    https://ascdocs.com/skin-tags-causes-and-removal/
    If you’re seeing fleshy small pieces of soft growths hanging from your skin, you likely have skin tags. These little raised bumps and flaps are medically termed Acrochordons. They are an outgrowth of normal skin and are harmless. According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, approximately 46% of people have skin tags and they are especially common after the age of 50. Around 59% of people have skin tags by the time they are 70 years old. […] Although they can appear anywhere on the body, skin tags usually occur in sites of friction, particularly the underarms, neck, and groin areas. It is believed that irritation of skin on skin or clothing rubbing on the skin may cause them. They are also believed to be genetic. They are also more common in those who are obese or overweight, have diabetes and women who are pregnant. Skin tags affect both men and women equally.
  • #1 Skin Tags (Acrochordons) | Advanced Dermatology of the Midlands
    https://www.midlandsderm.com/skin-tags-acrochordons/
    Skin tags are non-cancerous growths that typically do not cause problems or require treatment. […] Those with multiple skin tags could have an increased risk for: Crohns disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, Colonic polyps, Acromegaly, Lipid disorders, Acanthosis nigricans. […] For some people, developing skin tags is a genetic predisposition. Therefore, if your mom and or dad had or have these common benign skin growths, then you are more likely to get these types of skin lesions. […] These growths can appear anywhere on the skin, but they usually develop where skin has been rubbing against skin, jewelry, or clothing. […] The more skin rubs in these areas, the more likely a skin tag will form. […] As a result, we frequently see them in well-nourished patients as well as patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • #1 Skin Tags – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK547724/?report=reader
    Skin tags have found to be associated with: Abnormal lipid profile, Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Obesity, Genetic factors. […] Frequent irritation of the skin has been implicated as a cause, chiefly in individuals who are obese. […] Experts believe that acrochordons are simply due to the normal aging process of the skin and the subsequent loss of elasticity. […] Hormonal imbalances may potentiate the development of skin tags (e.g., elevated levels of the female sex hormones, progesterone, and estrogen, elevated levels of human growth hormone in acromegaly). […] Both alpha tissue growth factor and epidermal growth factor (EGF) may also be risk or trigger factors for skin tags. […] There has also been an observed association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and skin tags in many studies.
  • #1 Skin Tag Removal: Home Remedies, OTC Options, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-tag-removal
    Skin tags are soft, noncancerous growths that usually form within the skin folds of the neck, armpits, breasts, groin area, and eyelids. These growths are loose collagen fibers that become lodged inside thicker areas of the skin. […] Skin tags are also extremely common, affecting 50% to 60% of adults. Theyre also more common in: adults over 40, people with metabolic syndrome or diabetes, people who are overweight. […] Its unclear exactly what causes skin tags to form. Since they usually appear in skin folds, friction may play a role. We do know that theyre made up of blood vessels and collagen surrounded by an outer layer of skin. Possible causes may include: Frequent skin irritation, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Insulin resistance, Pregnancy, Genetics. […] Research suggests a correlation between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and skin tags.
  • #1 What Causes Skin Tags? – Hollywood Dermatology
    https://www.hollywooddermatology.com/2022/11/30/what-causes-skin-tags/
    Skin tags are benign growths that typically occur in areas where the skin creases or folds, such as the armpits, neck, and groin area. […] The exact reason why skin tags develop is unknown, but they are thought to be related to friction or irritation of the skin. Skin tags are more common in people who are overweight or have diabetes. […] Other factors that can cause skin tags include: Age, Genetics (you are more likely to get skin tags if other family members have them), High blood pressure and high cholesterol, Pregnancy, Tight clothing.
  • #1 Skin Tags: Causes, Triggers, and Prevention Tips – Assurance Skin
    https://www.assuranceskin.com/skin-tags-causes-triggers-and-prevention-tips/
    Skin tags result from a combination of internal and external factors that encourage skin tissue to form excess growths in areas of irritation or friction. […] A family history of skin tags increases susceptibility, as hereditary factors influence how skin cells grow. […] Fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, or hormonal therapy can accelerate cell growth, particularly in friction-prone areas. […] Obesity increases skin folds, creating more areas prone to irritation. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance also affect cellular processes, raising the risk of skin tags. […] Repeated rubbing of skin against itself, clothing, or accessories creates irritation, particularly in areas like the neck, groin, and underarms. […] Excess moisture in skin folds increases irritation, encouraging skin tag formation. […] Hot and humid climates can worsen skin irritation, especially in friction-prone areas. […] Factors such as genetics, hormonal changes, and health conditions can increase their likelihood, along with external triggers like sweating and heat.
  • #1 What causes skin tags?
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2025/01/22/what-causes-skin-tags/77484019007/
    Skin tags are benign growths, meaning theyre generally harmless. […] The reality is that we dont always know why skin tags form, but there are certainly a few contributing factors as to why you might be more susceptible to developing them. […] It can be difficult to pinpoint the exact reason why skin tags crop up, but we do know a mix of genetic and lifestyle factors are probably responsible for their formation, says Dr. Hayley Goldbach, MD, FAAD, FACMS a board certified dermatologist and Mohs surgeon at Brown University. […] Skin friction, which occurs when someones body shape has areas of skin that rub together, is a likely reason why skin tags develop, Goldbach says. Skin tags have also been associated with pregnancy and certain chronic conditions, including: insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, adds Shastry. […] Lastly, because there is a genetic component at play, if youve noticed people in your family members have skin tags, its possible you may be prone to them too, she says.
  • #1 Skin Tags – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK547724/?report=reader
    Patients should understand that skin tags are benign lesions, but they may carry correlations with type 2 diabetes or obesity, hence the need to maintain healthy body weight and blood glucose levels. […] Various studies have indicated the correlation of skin tags and metabolic diseases like DM type 2; hence, a complete workup and follow up treatment should be the norm.
  • #1 Causes of Skin Tags and How to Prevent Them
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-prevent-skin-tags-5112626
    Age: Skin tags are more common in people after age 40, but they can occur earlier. […] Hormones: Skin tags often occur in pregnant people. […] Diabetes: For decades, research has suggested a link between skin tags and diabetes. Their presence is associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism (the body’s ability to use glucose). […] Some researchers think there may be a genetic link as to why some people are more likely to develop skin tags than others. […] Recent studies suggest at least a third of people diagnosed with diabetes have some type of skin manifestation, including skin tags, that is linked to their underlying condition. […] Increasingly, there is evidence that skin tags may be a warning sign of more serious health conditions beyond obesity. They are common in people diagnosed with diabetes, for example, so managing an underlying cause may prove helpful. […] No one really knows what causes skin tags, but people who have certain medical conditions, such as obesity or diabetes, do seem more prone to developing them.
  • #2 Skin Tags: Symptoms and Treatment | The Skin Surgery Center
    https://www.skinsurgerycenter.net/conditions/skin-tags
    Skin tags, medically known as acrochordons, are small, soft, benign growths that often develop on areas of the skin where there is friction, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and under the breasts. […] While the exact cause of skin tags is not fully understood, they are more common in people as they age and in those with conditions like obesity or diabetes. […] Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, may also contribute to the development of skin tags. […] Skin-to-skin or skin-to-clothing friction. […] More prevalent in middle-aged and older individuals but can occur at any age. […] There may be a genetic predisposition to developing skin tags. […] Excess body weight can contribute to the development of skin tags, especially in areas where skin rubs against itself. […] Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy or in individuals with conditions like diabetes.
  • #2 Skin Tags – What are they and what to do about them? – California Skin Institute
    https://www.californiaskininstitute.com/skin-tags-what-are-they-and-what-to-do-about-them/
    Skin tags, also known as acrochordons, are quite common and mostly harmless. […] No one knows the exact cause of skin tags. Skin tags are likely caused by a combination of factors, including: […] Skin tags can develop in areas where your skin rubs together, such as the neck, underarms, and groin. […] Skin tags can occur during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. […] People with diabetes are more likely to develop skin tags. […] Obesity is also a risk factor for developing skin tags, possibly because of additional skin folds. […] Skin tags tend to run in families. […] Additional skin folds and benign mutations at the cellular level that occur with age could trigger skin tag growth in older people.
  • #2 Understanding skin tags: causes, removal, and prevention
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/understanding-skin-tags-causes-removal-and-prevention
    Skin tags are common, benign skin growths that often appear in areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing. […] Skin tags commonly develop in areas where skin experiences friction or rubbing, such as the neck, underarms, groin, and eyelids. […] The likelihood of developing skin tags tends to increase with age. […] There may be a genetic predisposition to developing skin tags. […] Pregnancy and conditions associated with hormonal changes, such as diabetes, may contribute to the development of skin tags. […] Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for skin tag formation.
  • #2 Skin Tag Removal: Home Remedies, OTC Options, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-tag-removal
    Skin tags are soft, noncancerous growths that usually form within the skin folds of the neck, armpits, breasts, groin area, and eyelids. These growths are loose collagen fibers that become lodged inside thicker areas of the skin. […] Skin tags are also extremely common, affecting 50% to 60% of adults. Theyre also more common in: adults over 40, people with metabolic syndrome or diabetes, people who are overweight. […] Its unclear exactly what causes skin tags to form. Since they usually appear in skin folds, friction may play a role. We do know that theyre made up of blood vessels and collagen surrounded by an outer layer of skin. Possible causes may include: Frequent skin irritation, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Insulin resistance, Pregnancy, Genetics. […] Research suggests a correlation between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and skin tags.
  • #2 What are skin tags? Causes and treatment options
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/67317
    Studies have found that skin tags are more likely to occur with: obesity; dyslipidemia, for example, high cholesterol levels; hypertension, or high blood pressure. […] They have also been linked to insulin resistance and elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. […] This suggests that skin tags may offer an external sign of an increased risk of: insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease. […] Skin tags are also associated with Birt-Hogg-Dub syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). […] Birt-Hogg-Dub (BHD) syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by skin tumors, including multiple fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordon, or skin tags. […] PCOS is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
  • #2 Skin Tags Treatment Reading – Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Derma
    https://www.dermareading.co.uk/skin-tags
    Skin tags are painless, non-cancerous growths that occur on the skin, and are connected to the skin by a small, thin stalk which is called a peduncle. […] Skin tags are common in both men and in women, and they tend to occur in individuals who; Are over the age of 50; Are obese, and thus have more skin folds; or Who have type II Diabetes. […] Sometimes, pregnant women develop skin tags, and this is thought to be a result of the increases in hormones and weight during pregnancy, however it is possible to develop a skin tag for no reason at all. […] Experts say it is not exactly clear what causes skin tags, but since they tend to show up in skin folds, friction may play a role – for example, when the skin is rubbing against other skin, or against tight, or ill-fitting clothing. […] There is also some suggestion that skin tags might be genetically inherited, meaning that if a parent has skin tags, their child is more likely to have one.
  • #2 What Causes Skin Tags—and What You Can Do About Them – Forefront Dermatology
    https://forefrontdermatology.com/what-causes-skin-tags-and-what-you-can-do-about-them/
    Skin tags are an issue shared by about 50% of adults. […] The exact cause of skin tags isn’t entirely understood, but they’re more common as people age and can be brought on by: […] Friction: Skin tags thrive in folds or creases where skin constantly rubs together. […] Hormonal changes: Pregnancy can lead to a sudden outbreak, likely due to increased hormone levels and weight gain. […] Age: They’re more common as we get older, particularly in people over 40. […] Health conditions: People with diabetes or insulin resistance are more prone to skin tags, as are those who are overweight or obese. […] Genetics: If your parents have them, chances are you’ll develop a few of your own.
  • #2 Skin Tags Treatment Reading – Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Derma
    https://www.dermareading.co.uk/skin-tags
    Some research shows that the human papilloma virus (HPV) may be a factor in the development of skin tags and that insulin resistance (which can lead to type II Diabetes) could be another factor. […] Skin tags are also known to be a common side effect of pregnancy, and experts think this is because of pregnancy hormones as well as weight gain. […] In quite rare cases, the appearance of multiple skin tags might be a sign of a hormone imbalance or an endocrine problem, and so if many skin tags are presenting, the GP or another medical expert might suggest endocrinological testing. […] Skin tags are made up of blood vessels and collagen (a naturally-occurring protein found in the body), which are surrounded by an outer layer of skin.
  • #2 Skin Tags: Understanding Causes, and Treatments | Johns Creek Dermatology MD
    https://johnscreekdermatology.com/article/19-skin-tags-understanding-causes-and-treatments
    Skin tags are often seen as harmless, though their presence can sometimes indicate underlying health conditions such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, or obesity. […] Skin tags have been linked to several health conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. These associations suggest that skin tags may be more than just a cosmetic issue and could potentially serve as markers for underlying health conditions. […] Despite these associations, it’s important to note that skin tags can also develop in people without these conditions, indicating that multiple factors, including genetics and skin friction, play a role in their formation.