Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  It is important to have regular appointments with your doctor or liver specialist so they can monitor your condition. […] Your doctor will balance treating you effectively with reducing side effects from your medicines. They will do this by keeping the doses as low as possible. […] The time it takes to improve the inflammation in the liver will be different for everyone. If you are well enough to stop taking medication, your doctor or liver specialist will discuss the risks and benefits. […] Many people with AIH get pregnant and have children. Its a good idea to talk to your clinical team first, so they can advise you. […] Do not stop your treatment while you are pregnant without speaking to your clinical team. […] Putting on weight can be a side-effect of taking steroids. Being physically active and eating healthily will help you manage your weight.

• #2 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Autoimmune hepatitis refers to chronic and progressive inflammation of the liver from an unknown cause. The proposed mechanism for the development of autoimmune hepatitis is thought to be the interplay of genetic predisposition, an environmental trigger, and failure of the native immune system resulting in chronic inflammation of hepatocytes and subsequent fibrosis of the liver. There are two known types of autoimmune hepatitis. Type 1 is distinguished by the presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) with or without anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis presents with positive anti-liver/anti-kidney microsome (anti-LMK) type 1 antibodies or anti-liver cytosol (anti-LC) type 1 antibodies. This activity reviews the pathophysiology, causes, presentation, and diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management.

• #3

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/ce_articleprint?an=00152258-201401000-00007&_ga=1.178909152.538370173.1414519143

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) affects 100,000 to 200,000 people in the United States, accounting for 6% of liver transplants, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. It’s a form of hepatitis in which an individual’s immune system attacks his or her liver. […] In this article, we’ll discuss the management of a patient with AIH. […] The goal of treatment is to stop the body’s attack on the liver by suppressing the immune system. The standard medication therapy for AIH is the administration of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, and the steroid-sparing immunosuppressant azathioprine. […] Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to control inflammation and reduce fibrosis before the disease progresses to cirrhosis. […] The education and nursing care you provide your patient will give him or her confidence to embrace the challenges of coping with chronic illness. […] Not all hepatitis is the same, so it’s important to distinguish among the various types of hepatitis to manage your patient accurately and safely. […] A diagnosis of AIH is a frightening experience for your patient. Offer him or her reassurance as you provide evidence-based nursing care.

• #4 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease. It can affect any aged patient, any ethnicity, it can affect either sex, usually has a female-to-male predominance of about 3:1. Hepatitis just means inflammation of the liver. […] The hallmark of autoimmune hepatitis is the diagnostic histology. A biopsy is actually an essential part of the diagnosis because twenty percent of the patients will not have circulating antibodies and normal immunoglobulins. The liver biopsy is a very important part of the diagnosis. […] When we have diagnosed a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, one of the most common questions I get is, „Ive never done drugs or had a blood transfusion. I dont drink alcohol—why on earth do I have hepatitis?” I explain to the patient that they dont have a virus, they dont have a blood-blood transmission virus like hepatitis B or hepatitis C, it isnt due to a behavior such as excess alcohol intake but this is the way theyre built, basically. Their immune system is recognizing something in the liver as unwanted and trying to get rid of it, and this is of no fault of their own.

• #5 Autoimmune Hepatitis: Symptoms & Treatments

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis-aih/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease in which the bodys own immune system attacks the liver and causes it to become inflamed. The disease is chronic, meaning it lasts many years. If untreated, it can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. […] The goal of treatment is to stop the bodys attack on itself by suppressing the immune system. This is accomplished with a medicine called prednisone, a type of steroid. Often times, a second drug, azathioprine (Imuran) is also used. Treatment starts with a high dose of prednisone. When symptoms improve, the dosage is lowered and azathioprine may be added. In most cases, autoimmune hepatitis can be controlled but not cured. That is why most patients will need to stay on the medicine for years, and sometimes for life. […] About 70 percent of people with autoimmune hepatitis are women, usually between the ages of 15 and 40. Many people with this disease also have other autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland), ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the colon), vitiligo (patchy loss of skin pigmentation), or Sjogrens syndrome (dry eyes and dry mouth).

• #6 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Autoimmune hepatitis refers to chronic and progressive inflammation of the liver from an unknown cause. The proposed mechanism for the development of autoimmune hepatitis is thought to be the interplay of genetic predisposition, an environmental trigger, and failure of the native immune system resulting in chronic inflammation of hepatocytes and subsequent fibrosis of the liver. There are two known types of autoimmune hepatitis. Type 1 is distinguished by the presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) with or without anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis presents with positive anti-liver/anti-kidney microsome (anti-LMK) type 1 antibodies or anti-liver cytosol (anti-LC) type 1 antibodies. This activity reviews the pathophysiology, causes, presentation, and diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management.

• #7 Autoimmune Liver Diseases | UPMC Center for Liver Care

  https://www.upmc.com/services/digestive-disorders-center/services/liver-diseases/conditions/autoimmune-liver-diseases

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH): AIH causes swelling and liver damage when your body’s immune system attacks the liver. There are two types of AIH. Type one is the most common, with type two diagnosed more often in children. […] Doctors recommend a variety of treatment options for different types of autoimmune liver diseases. […] Treatments may include: […] Corticosteroid drugs to reduce inflammation in the body. […] Over time, autoimmune liver diseases can become severe and may cause the liver to stop working. In those cases, doctors may recommend a transplant to replace your liver with a healthy liver from a living or deceased donor.

• #8 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #9 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which a person’s own immune system attacks the liver, causing swelling and liver cell death. […] With the right treatment, autoimmune hepatitis usually can be controlled. Recent studies show that continued treatment not only stops the disease from getting worse, but it may reverse some of the damage. […] Medicine helps to slow down an overactive immune system. Both type 1 and type 2 autoimmune hepatitis are treated with daily doses of a steroid called prednisone. […] Patients who have no liver scarring and a mild case of autoimmune disease may be given budesonide. This drug is a form of steroid. It does not have the same level of side effects as prednisone. […] Another medication, azathioprine, is also used to treat this disease. […] Most people with autoimmune hepatitis will need to take prednisone, with or without azathioprine, for years. Some people take it for life.

• #10 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is associated with varied clinical presentations and natural history, as well as somewhat unpredictable treatment responses. […] In this review, we provide a structured practical approach for diagnosing and managing this unique group of patients. […] In the absence of pre-existing liver disease, AS-AIH is defined as an acute presentation of AIH characterised by jaundice and coagulopathy (INR 1.5) with no evidence of encephalopathy. […] Corticosteroids in AS-AIH are the mainstay of treatment and are highly effective. […] Patients with features of advanced liver failure need to be considered for urgent liver transplantation, obviating the need for a trial of corticosteroids. […] The absence of pathognomonic features makes the diagnosis of AS-AIH challenging and one of exclusion.

• #11 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS OVERVIEW […] The liver is one of the largest and most important organs in the body. It functions to cleanse toxins from the blood, break down medications, and aids in digestion and blood clotting. […] Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. There are many forms and causes of hepatitis (such as viruses and certain drugs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In AIH, the body’s immune system attacks the cells of the liver, which causes the liver to become inflamed. AIH may present at any time, at any age, and in people of any race or sex, although it is four times more common in females than males. […] AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS DIAGNOSIS […] AIH is diagnosed with a combination of blood tests (to exclude viruses and other causes of liver disease) and a liver biopsy. During a liver biopsy, a small sample of liver tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. The biopsy can help to confirm the diagnosis and determine its severity while excluding other causes of liver disease.

• #12 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  A full comprehensive history and blood work enables the exclusion of most of these conditions. […] A liver biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of AS-AIH (ALF) and should be sought at the earliest opportunity. […] Corticosteroid responsiveness is a defining/diagnostic feature of AIH. […] If a patient has acute-icteric hepatitis or AS-AIH, there is a reasonable probability that they will respond to a trial of corticosteroids. […] The decision to proceed to urgent listing should be made within a multidisciplinary setting with intensivists, transplant physicians and surgeons. […] Outcomes for LT in AS-AIH and AIH-ALF are similar to those of other aetiologies of ALF (1-year survival 80-94%). […] Many advocate the use of long-term corticosteroids post-transplantation to prevent rejection and recurrent disease.

• #13 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Patients with autoimmune hepatitis you describe them as asymptomatic, they dont know its happening, but something there are associated symptoms, right? […] The majority of the patients that we see have liver enzyme elevations but they can have a little bit of nausea, they can have a little bit of discomfort in their right upper abdomen, they can have a lot of fatigue which they didnt realize was associated with autoimmune hepatitis. […] We definitely like to see these patients where we can intervene sooner rather than later because it is a reversible process oftentimes, even if the patient has advanced fibrosis or early cirrhosis. […] In regards to treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, steroids or prednisone is a mainstay of treatment. […] If the patient is given a trial of steroids and they improve very rapidly, this is a good indication that this is autoimmune hepatitis.

• #14 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Patients with autoimmune hepatitis you describe them as asymptomatic, they dont know its happening, but something there are associated symptoms, right? […] The majority of the patients that we see have liver enzyme elevations but they can have a little bit of nausea, they can have a little bit of discomfort in their right upper abdomen, they can have a lot of fatigue which they didnt realize was associated with autoimmune hepatitis. […] We definitely like to see these patients where we can intervene sooner rather than later because it is a reversible process oftentimes, even if the patient has advanced fibrosis or early cirrhosis. […] In regards to treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, steroids or prednisone is a mainstay of treatment. […] If the patient is given a trial of steroids and they improve very rapidly, this is a good indication that this is autoimmune hepatitis.

• #15 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #16 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #17 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #18 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #19 Autoimmune Hepatitis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.autoimmune-hepatitis-care-instructions.zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defenses (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you have any problems with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #20 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #21 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Texas Liver Institute

  https://txliver.com/patient-education/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmmune hepatitis is a condition where the body’s immune system attacks the liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women, and presents in either young women or women in their 50s or 60s. […] Autoimmune hepatitis can be silent, but during flares of the disease, many symptoms may emerge, including fatigue, abdominal pain, joint pains, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, jaundice and dark urine. […] Blood tests are needed to help make the diagnosis, and liver biopsy is almost always required. […] Autoimmune hepatitis has a treatment and it involves suppressing part of the immune system using medications. […] Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have to be diagnosed before they can be treated. Without treatment, the disease can progress to cirrhosis in 10 years.

• #22 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Therapy for autoimmune hepatitis should begin in patients who fit any or all of the following criteria: Elevated AST and ALT more than ten times the upper limit of normal, or at least five times the upper limit of normal; Gamma globulin at least two times the upper limit of normal; Presence of bridging necrosis and multilobular necrosis in liver biopsy. […] The diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis are complex and best done by an interprofessional team that includes a gastroenterologist, pharmacist, internist, and hepatologist. Specialized gastrointestinal nurses assist in the care, education of the patient and family, and coordination of the treatment and follow-up.

• #23 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Therapy for autoimmune hepatitis should begin in patients who fit any or all of the following criteria: Elevated AST and ALT more than ten times the upper limit of normal, or at least five times the upper limit of normal; Gamma globulin at least two times the upper limit of normal; Presence of bridging necrosis and multilobular necrosis in liver biopsy. […] The diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis are complex and best done by an interprofessional team that includes a gastroenterologist, pharmacist, internist, and hepatologist. Specialized gastrointestinal nurses assist in the care, education of the patient and family, and coordination of the treatment and follow-up.

• #24 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241106/Emerging-therapies-transform-autoimmune-hepatitis-treatment-approaches.aspx

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, progressive liver disease caused by immune system dysregulation that targets the liver. […] First-line treatments such as immunosuppressive therapies have proven effective for most patients, but a subset remains unresponsive or intolerant to these therapies, necessitating second- and third-line options. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing disease progression to more severe stages. […] AIH management guidelines across regions recommend initiating immunosuppressive treatment for patients with active disease, as defined by elevated aminotransferases, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and interface hepatitis. […] Close monitoring of patients with milder forms is also essential to detect worsening clinical symptoms. […] Treatment typically lasts at least two years post-remission, with liver biopsy recommended before discontinuation to confirm remission.

• #25 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Autoimmune hepatitis refers to chronic and progressive inflammation of the liver from an unknown cause. The proposed mechanism for the development of autoimmune hepatitis is thought to be the interplay of genetic predisposition, an environmental trigger, and failure of the native immune system resulting in chronic inflammation of hepatocytes and subsequent fibrosis of the liver. There are two known types of autoimmune hepatitis. Type 1 is distinguished by the presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) with or without anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis presents with positive anti-liver/anti-kidney microsome (anti-LMK) type 1 antibodies or anti-liver cytosol (anti-LC) type 1 antibodies. This activity reviews the pathophysiology, causes, presentation, and diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management.

• #26 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS OVERVIEW […] The liver is one of the largest and most important organs in the body. It functions to cleanse toxins from the blood, break down medications, and aids in digestion and blood clotting. […] Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. There are many forms and causes of hepatitis (such as viruses and certain drugs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In AIH, the body’s immune system attacks the cells of the liver, which causes the liver to become inflamed. AIH may present at any time, at any age, and in people of any race or sex, although it is four times more common in females than males. […] AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS DIAGNOSIS […] AIH is diagnosed with a combination of blood tests (to exclude viruses and other causes of liver disease) and a liver biopsy. During a liver biopsy, a small sample of liver tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. The biopsy can help to confirm the diagnosis and determine its severity while excluding other causes of liver disease.

• #27 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS OVERVIEW […] The liver is one of the largest and most important organs in the body. It functions to cleanse toxins from the blood, break down medications, and aids in digestion and blood clotting. […] Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. There are many forms and causes of hepatitis (such as viruses and certain drugs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In AIH, the body’s immune system attacks the cells of the liver, which causes the liver to become inflamed. AIH may present at any time, at any age, and in people of any race or sex, although it is four times more common in females than males. […] AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS DIAGNOSIS […] AIH is diagnosed with a combination of blood tests (to exclude viruses and other causes of liver disease) and a liver biopsy. During a liver biopsy, a small sample of liver tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. The biopsy can help to confirm the diagnosis and determine its severity while excluding other causes of liver disease.

• #28 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  A full comprehensive history and blood work enables the exclusion of most of these conditions. […] A liver biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of AS-AIH (ALF) and should be sought at the earliest opportunity. […] Corticosteroid responsiveness is a defining/diagnostic feature of AIH. […] If a patient has acute-icteric hepatitis or AS-AIH, there is a reasonable probability that they will respond to a trial of corticosteroids. […] The decision to proceed to urgent listing should be made within a multidisciplinary setting with intensivists, transplant physicians and surgeons. […] Outcomes for LT in AS-AIH and AIH-ALF are similar to those of other aetiologies of ALF (1-year survival 80-94%). […] Many advocate the use of long-term corticosteroids post-transplantation to prevent rejection and recurrent disease.

• #29 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease. It can affect any aged patient, any ethnicity, it can affect either sex, usually has a female-to-male predominance of about 3:1. Hepatitis just means inflammation of the liver. […] The hallmark of autoimmune hepatitis is the diagnostic histology. A biopsy is actually an essential part of the diagnosis because twenty percent of the patients will not have circulating antibodies and normal immunoglobulins. The liver biopsy is a very important part of the diagnosis. […] When we have diagnosed a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, one of the most common questions I get is, „Ive never done drugs or had a blood transfusion. I dont drink alcohol—why on earth do I have hepatitis?” I explain to the patient that they dont have a virus, they dont have a blood-blood transmission virus like hepatitis B or hepatitis C, it isnt due to a behavior such as excess alcohol intake but this is the way theyre built, basically. Their immune system is recognizing something in the liver as unwanted and trying to get rid of it, and this is of no fault of their own.

• #30 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease. It can affect any aged patient, any ethnicity, it can affect either sex, usually has a female-to-male predominance of about 3:1. Hepatitis just means inflammation of the liver. […] The hallmark of autoimmune hepatitis is the diagnostic histology. A biopsy is actually an essential part of the diagnosis because twenty percent of the patients will not have circulating antibodies and normal immunoglobulins. The liver biopsy is a very important part of the diagnosis. […] When we have diagnosed a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, one of the most common questions I get is, „Ive never done drugs or had a blood transfusion. I dont drink alcohol—why on earth do I have hepatitis?” I explain to the patient that they dont have a virus, they dont have a blood-blood transmission virus like hepatitis B or hepatitis C, it isnt due to a behavior such as excess alcohol intake but this is the way theyre built, basically. Their immune system is recognizing something in the liver as unwanted and trying to get rid of it, and this is of no fault of their own.

• #31 Autoimmune hepatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352158

  The goal of treatment for autoimmune hepatitis is to slow or stop the immune system attack on the liver. This may help increase the time before the disease gets worse. To meet this goal, you’ll likely need medicines that lower immune system activity. The first treatment is usually prednisone. A second medicine, azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), may be recommended in addition to prednisone. […] Healthcare professionals typically prescribe prednisone at a high dose for about the first month of treatment. Then, to reduce the risk of side effects, they gradually reduce the dose over the next several months until reaching the lowest possible dose that controls the disease. Adding azathioprine also helps you avoid prednisone side effects. […] Although you may experience remission a few years after starting treatment, the disease often returns if the drug is discontinued. Depending on your situation, you may need lifelong treatment.

• #32 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #33 Autoimmune hepatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352158

  The goal of treatment for autoimmune hepatitis is to slow or stop the immune system attack on the liver. This may help increase the time before the disease gets worse. To meet this goal, you’ll likely need medicines that lower immune system activity. The first treatment is usually prednisone. A second medicine, azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), may be recommended in addition to prednisone. […] Healthcare professionals typically prescribe prednisone at a high dose for about the first month of treatment. Then, to reduce the risk of side effects, they gradually reduce the dose over the next several months until reaching the lowest possible dose that controls the disease. Adding azathioprine also helps you avoid prednisone side effects. […] Although you may experience remission a few years after starting treatment, the disease often returns if the drug is discontinued. Depending on your situation, you may need lifelong treatment.

• #34 Overview of Chronic Hepatitis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-chronic-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (immune-mediated hepatocellular injury) accounts for a high proportion of hepatitis not caused by viruses or steatohepatitis; features of autoimmune hepatitis include the following: […] A response to therapy with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. […] Corticosteroids, with or without azathioprine, prolong survival. Prednisone is usually started at 30 to 60 mg orally once a day, then tapered to the lowest dose that maintains aminotransferases at normal or near-normal levels. To prevent long-term need for corticosteroid treatment, clinicians can transition to azathioprine 1 to 1.5 mg/kg orally once a day or mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg twice a day after corticosteroid induction is complete and then gradually taper the corticosteroid. Most patients require long-term, low-dose, corticosteroid-free maintenance treatment.

• #35 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that has more liver-specific effects and is associated with fewer side effects. It is an alternative to prednisone in selected situations. It should only be used in people who have no evidence of cirrhosis. […] Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine – A second medication, such as azathioprine (brand names: Azasan, Imuran) or 6-mercaptopurine (brand names: Purixan, Purinethol) and, less commonly, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, may be recommended in addition to prednisone. The benefit of adding a second medication is that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate prednisone, helping to minimize the potential side effects of prednisone. […] For people with AIH who do not respond to initial treatment, other medications that may be used include an anti-rejection medication such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Rarely, infliximab or rituximab may be used. Liver transplantation may be needed for people with very severe disease or in people with cirrhosis who have complications.

• #36 Autoimmune hepatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352158

  The goal of treatment for autoimmune hepatitis is to slow or stop the immune system attack on the liver. This may help increase the time before the disease gets worse. To meet this goal, you’ll likely need medicines that lower immune system activity. The first treatment is usually prednisone. A second medicine, azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), may be recommended in addition to prednisone. […] Healthcare professionals typically prescribe prednisone at a high dose for about the first month of treatment. Then, to reduce the risk of side effects, they gradually reduce the dose over the next several months until reaching the lowest possible dose that controls the disease. Adding azathioprine also helps you avoid prednisone side effects. […] Although you may experience remission a few years after starting treatment, the disease often returns if the drug is discontinued. Depending on your situation, you may need lifelong treatment.

• #37 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that has more liver-specific effects and is associated with fewer side effects. It is an alternative to prednisone in selected situations. It should only be used in people who have no evidence of cirrhosis. […] Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine – A second medication, such as azathioprine (brand names: Azasan, Imuran) or 6-mercaptopurine (brand names: Purixan, Purinethol) and, less commonly, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, may be recommended in addition to prednisone. The benefit of adding a second medication is that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate prednisone, helping to minimize the potential side effects of prednisone. […] For people with AIH who do not respond to initial treatment, other medications that may be used include an anti-rejection medication such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Rarely, infliximab or rituximab may be used. Liver transplantation may be needed for people with very severe disease or in people with cirrhosis who have complications.

• #38 Overview of Chronic Hepatitis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-chronic-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (immune-mediated hepatocellular injury) accounts for a high proportion of hepatitis not caused by viruses or steatohepatitis; features of autoimmune hepatitis include the following: […] A response to therapy with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. […] Corticosteroids, with or without azathioprine, prolong survival. Prednisone is usually started at 30 to 60 mg orally once a day, then tapered to the lowest dose that maintains aminotransferases at normal or near-normal levels. To prevent long-term need for corticosteroid treatment, clinicians can transition to azathioprine 1 to 1.5 mg/kg orally once a day or mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg twice a day after corticosteroid induction is complete and then gradually taper the corticosteroid. Most patients require long-term, low-dose, corticosteroid-free maintenance treatment.

• #39 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241106/Emerging-therapies-transform-autoimmune-hepatitis-treatment-approaches.aspx

  The primary goal of AIH treatment is biochemical remission, achieved through the normalization of serum transaminases and IgG levels. […] Predniso(lo)ne, often combined with azathioprine (AZA), is the gold-standard first-line therapy. […] For patients who do not respond to or tolerate first-line therapies, second-line options like mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are considered. […] Patients who fail both first- and second-line treatments may benefit from biologic therapies. […] Maintenance therapy with low-dose predniso(lo)ne and AZA is recommended during pregnancy to reduce relapse risk. […] Pediatric AIH requires prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent long-term liver damage. […] Tailoring treatment to individual patient needs remains essential in managing this complex and heterogeneous disease.

• #40 Overview of Chronic Hepatitis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/hepatitis/overview-of-chronic-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (immune-mediated hepatocellular injury) accounts for a high proportion of hepatitis not caused by viruses or steatohepatitis; features of autoimmune hepatitis include the following: […] A response to therapy with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. […] Corticosteroids, with or without azathioprine, prolong survival. Prednisone is usually started at 30 to 60 mg orally once a day, then tapered to the lowest dose that maintains aminotransferases at normal or near-normal levels. To prevent long-term need for corticosteroid treatment, clinicians can transition to azathioprine 1 to 1.5 mg/kg orally once a day or mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg twice a day after corticosteroid induction is complete and then gradually taper the corticosteroid. Most patients require long-term, low-dose, corticosteroid-free maintenance treatment.

• #41 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that has more liver-specific effects and is associated with fewer side effects. It is an alternative to prednisone in selected situations. It should only be used in people who have no evidence of cirrhosis. […] Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine – A second medication, such as azathioprine (brand names: Azasan, Imuran) or 6-mercaptopurine (brand names: Purixan, Purinethol) and, less commonly, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, may be recommended in addition to prednisone. The benefit of adding a second medication is that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate prednisone, helping to minimize the potential side effects of prednisone. […] For people with AIH who do not respond to initial treatment, other medications that may be used include an anti-rejection medication such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Rarely, infliximab or rituximab may be used. Liver transplantation may be needed for people with very severe disease or in people with cirrhosis who have complications.

• #42 Hepatitis: What Is It? Types, Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis

  Corticosteroids, like prednisone or budesonide, are extremely important in the early treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. They’re effective in about 80 percent of people with this condition. […] Azathioprine (Imuran), a drug that suppresses the immune system, may also be a part of treatment programs. People may use this with or without steroids. […] Other immune-suppressing drugs like mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (Prograf), and cyclosporine (Neoral) can also replace azathioprine in treatment.

• #43 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that has more liver-specific effects and is associated with fewer side effects. It is an alternative to prednisone in selected situations. It should only be used in people who have no evidence of cirrhosis. […] Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine – A second medication, such as azathioprine (brand names: Azasan, Imuran) or 6-mercaptopurine (brand names: Purixan, Purinethol) and, less commonly, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, may be recommended in addition to prednisone. The benefit of adding a second medication is that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate prednisone, helping to minimize the potential side effects of prednisone. […] For people with AIH who do not respond to initial treatment, other medications that may be used include an anti-rejection medication such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Rarely, infliximab or rituximab may be used. Liver transplantation may be needed for people with very severe disease or in people with cirrhosis who have complications.

• #44 Autoimmune hepatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352158

  When medicines don’t stop the disease from getting worse or you get scarring that can’t be reversed called cirrhosis or liver failure, the remaining option is a liver transplant. […] If you have any symptoms that worry you, start by making an appointment with someone on your primary healthcare team. If your care team suspects that you may have autoimmune hepatitis, you may be referred to a specialist in liver diseases. This type of specialist is called a hepatologist. […] For autoimmune hepatitis, some basic questions to ask include: What’s the most likely cause of my symptoms? Are there any other possible causes? What tests do I need to confirm that I have autoimmune hepatitis? How severe is the damage to my liver? Is my condition likely temporary or chronic? What are my treatment options? Can treatment cure my autoimmune hepatitis? What are the potential side effects of each treatment option? How might treatment for autoimmune hepatitis affect the management of my other medical conditions? Could any of my medicines or habits cause my liver problems or make my liver problems worse? Are there any dietary restrictions that I need to follow? Should I see a specialist? Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you’re prescribing me? Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend? How often will I need follow-up visits?

• #45 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Autoimmune Liver Diseases | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/digestive-disorders-center/services/liver-diseases/conditions/autoimmune-liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a type of liver inflammation. It occurs when your body’s own immune system attacks the liver, causing swelling and damage. […] If you have AIH, our experts will create a treatment plan to help keep your liver healthy. […] The goals of treating AIH are to reduce liver inflammation and prevent liver damage. […] Your doctor will check your liver’s function several times each year by physical exam and blood tests. Your doctor might do a liver biopsy every couple of years. […] If you have AIH, it’s crucial to take good care of your health. […] Your doctor might prescribe medicine to lower your body’s immune response and reduce inflammation. […] Sometimes, AIH progresses to liver failure, or end-stage liver disease. […] Treatment for liver failure is transplant surgery to replace your diseased liver with a healthy donated liver.

• #46 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  A full comprehensive history and blood work enables the exclusion of most of these conditions. […] A liver biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of AS-AIH (ALF) and should be sought at the earliest opportunity. […] Corticosteroid responsiveness is a defining/diagnostic feature of AIH. […] If a patient has acute-icteric hepatitis or AS-AIH, there is a reasonable probability that they will respond to a trial of corticosteroids. […] The decision to proceed to urgent listing should be made within a multidisciplinary setting with intensivists, transplant physicians and surgeons. […] Outcomes for LT in AS-AIH and AIH-ALF are similar to those of other aetiologies of ALF (1-year survival 80-94%). […] Many advocate the use of long-term corticosteroids post-transplantation to prevent rejection and recurrent disease.

• #47 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  A full comprehensive history and blood work enables the exclusion of most of these conditions. […] A liver biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of AS-AIH (ALF) and should be sought at the earliest opportunity. […] Corticosteroid responsiveness is a defining/diagnostic feature of AIH. […] If a patient has acute-icteric hepatitis or AS-AIH, there is a reasonable probability that they will respond to a trial of corticosteroids. […] The decision to proceed to urgent listing should be made within a multidisciplinary setting with intensivists, transplant physicians and surgeons. […] Outcomes for LT in AS-AIH and AIH-ALF are similar to those of other aetiologies of ALF (1-year survival 80-94%). […] Many advocate the use of long-term corticosteroids post-transplantation to prevent rejection and recurrent disease.

• #48 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  A full comprehensive history and blood work enables the exclusion of most of these conditions. […] A liver biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of AS-AIH (ALF) and should be sought at the earliest opportunity. […] Corticosteroid responsiveness is a defining/diagnostic feature of AIH. […] If a patient has acute-icteric hepatitis or AS-AIH, there is a reasonable probability that they will respond to a trial of corticosteroids. […] The decision to proceed to urgent listing should be made within a multidisciplinary setting with intensivists, transplant physicians and surgeons. […] Outcomes for LT in AS-AIH and AIH-ALF are similar to those of other aetiologies of ALF (1-year survival 80-94%). […] Many advocate the use of long-term corticosteroids post-transplantation to prevent rejection and recurrent disease.

• #49 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  It is important to have regular appointments with your doctor or liver specialist so they can monitor your condition. […] Your doctor will balance treating you effectively with reducing side effects from your medicines. They will do this by keeping the doses as low as possible. […] The time it takes to improve the inflammation in the liver will be different for everyone. If you are well enough to stop taking medication, your doctor or liver specialist will discuss the risks and benefits. […] Many people with AIH get pregnant and have children. Its a good idea to talk to your clinical team first, so they can advise you. […] Do not stop your treatment while you are pregnant without speaking to your clinical team. […] Putting on weight can be a side-effect of taking steroids. Being physically active and eating healthily will help you manage your weight.

• #50 Gastroenterology – Auto Immune Hepatitis (AIH) :: Northern Care Alliance

  https://www.northerncarealliance.nhs.uk/patient-information/patient-leaflets/gastroenterology-auto-immune-hepatitis-aih

  Auto immune hepatitis often referred to as AIH is a chronic hepatitis and can, if untreated, be one of the most severe forms. […] Once diagnosis has been made, treatment is almost always required. The treatment used is called immunosuppression. […] It is usual to start treatment with a high dose of steroids usually Prednisolone. […] AIH appears to be more often controllable rather than a curable disease so most patients need long-term maintenance therapy. […] You will require regular blood testing. At first weekly then monthly and eventually 3 monthly once your condition is well controlled. […] YOU SHOULD NOT STOP TAKING ANY MEDICATION WITHOUT FIRST CONSULTING YOUR DOCTOR OR SPECIALIST. […] Unfortunately, steroids have a number of side effects which your doctor should discuss with you. […] It is important to eat a varied and well balanced diet. […] Anyone with AIH should not drink alcohol. […] AIH is not an infectious disease and may have a good prognosis when properly treated.

• #51 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Autoimmune Liver Diseases | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/digestive-disorders-center/services/liver-diseases/conditions/autoimmune-liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a type of liver inflammation. It occurs when your body’s own immune system attacks the liver, causing swelling and damage. […] If you have AIH, our experts will create a treatment plan to help keep your liver healthy. […] The goals of treating AIH are to reduce liver inflammation and prevent liver damage. […] Your doctor will check your liver’s function several times each year by physical exam and blood tests. Your doctor might do a liver biopsy every couple of years. […] If you have AIH, it’s crucial to take good care of your health. […] Your doctor might prescribe medicine to lower your body’s immune response and reduce inflammation. […] Sometimes, AIH progresses to liver failure, or end-stage liver disease. […] Treatment for liver failure is transplant surgery to replace your diseased liver with a healthy donated liver.

• #52 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Autoimmune Liver Diseases | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/digestive-disorders-center/services/liver-diseases/conditions/autoimmune-liver-diseases/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a type of liver inflammation. It occurs when your body’s own immune system attacks the liver, causing swelling and damage. […] If you have AIH, our experts will create a treatment plan to help keep your liver healthy. […] The goals of treating AIH are to reduce liver inflammation and prevent liver damage. […] Your doctor will check your liver’s function several times each year by physical exam and blood tests. Your doctor might do a liver biopsy every couple of years. […] If you have AIH, it’s crucial to take good care of your health. […] Your doctor might prescribe medicine to lower your body’s immune response and reduce inflammation. […] Sometimes, AIH progresses to liver failure, or end-stage liver disease. […] Treatment for liver failure is transplant surgery to replace your diseased liver with a healthy donated liver.

• #53 Autoimmune Hepatitis Management: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/4/2/17

  After four to eight weeks, if there is evidence of a positive biochemical response with improved liver function tests and gamma globulin levels, a gradual steroid reduction can be initiated. […] A minority of patients experience treatment failure or an incomplete response (approximately 8% and 15% of those undergoing treatment, respectively) and may require second-line options. […] Second- or third-line treatment can vary between providers and centers, especially in those where liver transplants are available. […] It will be important to consider that for patients reaching AIH end-stage chronic liver disease, the AASLD guidelines recommend semi-annual ultrasounds for HCC detection for patients with compensated AIH liver cirrhosis, similar to any other cause of liver cirrhosis.

• #54 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #55 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #56 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #57 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #58 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #59 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #60 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hepatitis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing hepatitis. This guide equips you with the necessary information to provide effective and specialized care to patients dealing with hepatitis. […] Nursing care planning and management for patients with hepatitis includes: reducing the demands of the liver while promoting physical well-being, preventing complications of hepatitis, enhance self-concept, acceptance of situation, and providing information about the disease process, prognosis, and treatment. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hepatitis: Manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Prevent further liver damage and promote liver health. Monitor liver function and assess disease progression. Administer antiviral medications, if applicable. Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to minimize liver stress. Prevent transmission of hepatitis to others. Address complications or comorbidities associated with hepatitis.

• #61 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #62 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #63 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #64 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #65 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #66 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #67 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #68 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Monitor IO, and compare with periodic weight. Note enteric losses: vomiting and diarrhea. Provides information about replacement needs and effects of therapy. Diarrhea may be due to the transient flu-like response to viral infection or may represent a more serious problem of obstructed portal blood flow with vascular congestion in the GI tract, or it may be the intended result of medication use (neomycin, lactulose) to decrease serum ammonia levels in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. […] Observe skin for areas of redness, and breakdown. Early detection of problem areas allows for additional intervention to prevent complications/promote healing. […] Assess effect of illness on economic factors of patient and SO. Financial problems may exist because of loss of patients role functioning in the family and prolonged recovery.

• #69 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Monitor IO, and compare with periodic weight. Note enteric losses: vomiting and diarrhea. Provides information about replacement needs and effects of therapy. Diarrhea may be due to the transient flu-like response to viral infection or may represent a more serious problem of obstructed portal blood flow with vascular congestion in the GI tract, or it may be the intended result of medication use (neomycin, lactulose) to decrease serum ammonia levels in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. […] Observe skin for areas of redness, and breakdown. Early detection of problem areas allows for additional intervention to prevent complications/promote healing. […] Assess effect of illness on economic factors of patient and SO. Financial problems may exist because of loss of patients role functioning in the family and prolonged recovery.

• #70 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #71 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #72 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #73 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #74 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Provide emotional support: Nurses perform active listening and encourage the client to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Nurses avoid making judgmental statements about lifestyle choices in cases of hepatitis due to substance misuse and instead focus on abstinence and efforts toward recovery. They teach about stress management techniques and positive coping strategies such as progressive relaxation, visualization, and guided imagery. Prescribed sedative medications are administered for anxiety as indicated, such as diazepam and lorazepam.

• #75 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Provide emotional support: Nurses perform active listening and encourage the client to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Nurses avoid making judgmental statements about lifestyle choices in cases of hepatitis due to substance misuse and instead focus on abstinence and efforts toward recovery. They teach about stress management techniques and positive coping strategies such as progressive relaxation, visualization, and guided imagery. Prescribed sedative medications are administered for anxiety as indicated, such as diazepam and lorazepam.

• #76 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Provide emotional support: Nurses perform active listening and encourage the client to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Nurses avoid making judgmental statements about lifestyle choices in cases of hepatitis due to substance misuse and instead focus on abstinence and efforts toward recovery. They teach about stress management techniques and positive coping strategies such as progressive relaxation, visualization, and guided imagery. Prescribed sedative medications are administered for anxiety as indicated, such as diazepam and lorazepam.

• #77 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Provide emotional support: Nurses perform active listening and encourage the client to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Nurses avoid making judgmental statements about lifestyle choices in cases of hepatitis due to substance misuse and instead focus on abstinence and efforts toward recovery. They teach about stress management techniques and positive coping strategies such as progressive relaxation, visualization, and guided imagery. Prescribed sedative medications are administered for anxiety as indicated, such as diazepam and lorazepam.

• #78 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess level of understanding of the disease process, expectations and prognosis, possible treatment options. Identifies areas of lack of knowledge or misinformation and provides opportunity to give additional information as necessary. Liver transplantation may be needed in the presence of fulminating disease with liver failure. […] Discuss the side effects and dangers of taking OTC and prescribed drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, sulfonamides, some anesthetics) and necessity of notifying future healthcare providers of diagnosis. Some drugs are toxic to the liver; many others are metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in severe liver diseases because they may cause cumulative toxic effects and chronic hepatitis.

• #79 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess level of understanding of the disease process, expectations and prognosis, possible treatment options. Identifies areas of lack of knowledge or misinformation and provides opportunity to give additional information as necessary. Liver transplantation may be needed in the presence of fulminating disease with liver failure. […] Discuss the side effects and dangers of taking OTC and prescribed drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, sulfonamides, some anesthetics) and necessity of notifying future healthcare providers of diagnosis. Some drugs are toxic to the liver; many others are metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in severe liver diseases because they may cause cumulative toxic effects and chronic hepatitis.

• #80 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess level of understanding of the disease process, expectations and prognosis, possible treatment options. Identifies areas of lack of knowledge or misinformation and provides opportunity to give additional information as necessary. Liver transplantation may be needed in the presence of fulminating disease with liver failure. […] Discuss the side effects and dangers of taking OTC and prescribed drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, sulfonamides, some anesthetics) and necessity of notifying future healthcare providers of diagnosis. Some drugs are toxic to the liver; many others are metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in severe liver diseases because they may cause cumulative toxic effects and chronic hepatitis.

• #81 Nursing Care Plan & Diagnosis for Hepatitis | Fatigue & Imbalanced Nutrition

  https://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-care-plan-diagnosis-for-hepatitis-fatigue-imbalanced-nutrition/

  -The nurse will collaborate with the nutritionist about patients current caloric intake and recommended daily caloric intake on day 1 of patients hospitalization. -The nurse will follow out the nutritionists plan of care regarding patient caloric intake daily for each meal and snacks. […] -The nurse will teach the patient 2 non-pharmacological ways to decrease nausea within 24 hours of admission.

• #82 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #83 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #84 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #85 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #86 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #87 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #88 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually appropriate urinary output. The client will report an improved sense of energy. The client will perform ADLs and participate in desired activities at the level of ability. The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process, prognosis, and potential complications. The client will identify the relationship between signs/symptoms of the disease and correlate symptoms with causative factors. The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs. The client will initiate necessary lifestyle changes and participate in treatment regimen. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hepatitis may include: Encourage mouth care before meals. Enhances appetite by eliminating unpleasant tastes. Recommend eating in an upright position. Reduces the sensation of abdominal fullness and may enhance intake. Encourage the intake of fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and hard candy throughout the day. These supply extra calories and may be more easily digested or tolerated than other foods. Consult with the dietitian, and nutritional support team to provide a diet according to the patients needs, with fat and protein intake as tolerated.

• #89 Nursing Care Plan & Diagnosis for Hepatitis | Fatigue & Imbalanced Nutrition

  https://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-care-plan-diagnosis-for-hepatitis-fatigue-imbalanced-nutrition/

  Nursing Care Plan for: Fatigue Imbalanced Nutrition for patients with Hepatitis […] Nursing Diagnosis: -Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements related to epigastric pain and nausea/vomiting as evidence by patient reports stomach pain, nausea/vomiting, and 48 hour food diary shows caloric deficient. -Fatigue related to reduced metabolism by liver as evidence by patient has diagnosis of hepatitis. […] Nursing Outcomes: -The patient will participant in activities that stimulate and balance physical and cognitive areas of the body within 48 hours of hospitalization. -The patient will rate his energy level greater than 5 on 1-10 scale with 10 being very energetic before discharge. […] Nursing Interventions: -The nurse will encourage and assist the patient to the bedside chair three times a day with each meal. -The nurse will encourage and assist the patient with performing bedside exercises and provide him with reading material to stimulate cognitive function daily.

• #90 Nursing Care Plan & Diagnosis for Hepatitis | Fatigue & Imbalanced Nutrition

  https://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-care-plan-diagnosis-for-hepatitis-fatigue-imbalanced-nutrition/

  Nursing Care Plan for: Fatigue Imbalanced Nutrition for patients with Hepatitis […] Nursing Diagnosis: -Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements related to epigastric pain and nausea/vomiting as evidence by patient reports stomach pain, nausea/vomiting, and 48 hour food diary shows caloric deficient. -Fatigue related to reduced metabolism by liver as evidence by patient has diagnosis of hepatitis. […] Nursing Outcomes: -The patient will participant in activities that stimulate and balance physical and cognitive areas of the body within 48 hours of hospitalization. -The patient will rate his energy level greater than 5 on 1-10 scale with 10 being very energetic before discharge. […] Nursing Interventions: -The nurse will encourage and assist the patient to the bedside chair three times a day with each meal. -The nurse will encourage and assist the patient with performing bedside exercises and provide him with reading material to stimulate cognitive function daily.

• #91 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess level of understanding of the disease process, expectations and prognosis, possible treatment options. Identifies areas of lack of knowledge or misinformation and provides opportunity to give additional information as necessary. Liver transplantation may be needed in the presence of fulminating disease with liver failure. […] Discuss the side effects and dangers of taking OTC and prescribed drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, sulfonamides, some anesthetics) and necessity of notifying future healthcare providers of diagnosis. Some drugs are toxic to the liver; many others are metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in severe liver diseases because they may cause cumulative toxic effects and chronic hepatitis.

• #92

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #93 Gastroenterology – Auto Immune Hepatitis (AIH) :: Northern Care Alliance

  https://www.northerncarealliance.nhs.uk/patient-information/patient-leaflets/gastroenterology-auto-immune-hepatitis-aih

  Auto immune hepatitis often referred to as AIH is a chronic hepatitis and can, if untreated, be one of the most severe forms. […] Once diagnosis has been made, treatment is almost always required. The treatment used is called immunosuppression. […] It is usual to start treatment with a high dose of steroids usually Prednisolone. […] AIH appears to be more often controllable rather than a curable disease so most patients need long-term maintenance therapy. […] You will require regular blood testing. At first weekly then monthly and eventually 3 monthly once your condition is well controlled. […] YOU SHOULD NOT STOP TAKING ANY MEDICATION WITHOUT FIRST CONSULTING YOUR DOCTOR OR SPECIALIST. […] Unfortunately, steroids have a number of side effects which your doctor should discuss with you. […] It is important to eat a varied and well balanced diet. […] Anyone with AIH should not drink alcohol. […] AIH is not an infectious disease and may have a good prognosis when properly treated.

• #94 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #95 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #96 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #97 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #98 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #99 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis causes chronic inflammation in your liver, which may cause serious damage over time. Medical treatment can help reduce the inflammation and prevent complications from developing. […] The standard treatment is to begin with a high dose of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation and suppress the autoimmune response, then slowly taper off. Prednisone is the most commonly prescribed and the most studied medication for autoimmune hepatitis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe an immunosuppressant called azathioprine along with steroids, or they may prescribe it after you’ve finished your course of steroid therapy. […] Side effects of long-term steroid use can include increased appetite and weight gain, mood disorders, glaucoma, osteopenia or osteoporosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

• #100 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS TREATMENT […] Not everyone with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) needs treatment immediately. The decision to treat is based on the severity of symptoms, the severity of the disease (based upon results of blood tests and the liver biopsy), and the potential side effects of treatment. […] Medications — AIH is usually treated first with a glucocorticoid (steroid medication) such as prednisone; budesonide may be used in people without severe liver scarring. […] Glucocorticoids – Glucocorticoids such as prednisone control the inflammation in the liver, thereby preventing further scarring. The main drawback of prednisone is side effects, which can include weight gain, acne, bone loss, elevated blood glucose levels (potentially leading to diabetes), an increased risk of infections, cataracts, high blood pressure, and mood and sleep disturbance, among others. People who require long-term prednisone are monitored carefully for these side effects. To minimize the risks of side effects, the lowest possible dose of prednisone is used.

• #101 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS TREATMENT […] Not everyone with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) needs treatment immediately. The decision to treat is based on the severity of symptoms, the severity of the disease (based upon results of blood tests and the liver biopsy), and the potential side effects of treatment. […] Medications — AIH is usually treated first with a glucocorticoid (steroid medication) such as prednisone; budesonide may be used in people without severe liver scarring. […] Glucocorticoids – Glucocorticoids such as prednisone control the inflammation in the liver, thereby preventing further scarring. The main drawback of prednisone is side effects, which can include weight gain, acne, bone loss, elevated blood glucose levels (potentially leading to diabetes), an increased risk of infections, cataracts, high blood pressure, and mood and sleep disturbance, among others. People who require long-term prednisone are monitored carefully for these side effects. To minimize the risks of side effects, the lowest possible dose of prednisone is used.

• #102 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS TREATMENT […] Not everyone with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) needs treatment immediately. The decision to treat is based on the severity of symptoms, the severity of the disease (based upon results of blood tests and the liver biopsy), and the potential side effects of treatment. […] Medications — AIH is usually treated first with a glucocorticoid (steroid medication) such as prednisone; budesonide may be used in people without severe liver scarring. […] Glucocorticoids – Glucocorticoids such as prednisone control the inflammation in the liver, thereby preventing further scarring. The main drawback of prednisone is side effects, which can include weight gain, acne, bone loss, elevated blood glucose levels (potentially leading to diabetes), an increased risk of infections, cataracts, high blood pressure, and mood and sleep disturbance, among others. People who require long-term prednisone are monitored carefully for these side effects. To minimize the risks of side effects, the lowest possible dose of prednisone is used.

• #103 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess level of understanding of the disease process, expectations and prognosis, possible treatment options. Identifies areas of lack of knowledge or misinformation and provides opportunity to give additional information as necessary. Liver transplantation may be needed in the presence of fulminating disease with liver failure. […] Discuss the side effects and dangers of taking OTC and prescribed drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, sulfonamides, some anesthetics) and necessity of notifying future healthcare providers of diagnosis. Some drugs are toxic to the liver; many others are metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in severe liver diseases because they may cause cumulative toxic effects and chronic hepatitis.

• #104 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  The goal of the medications is to make the disease go into remission. […] Your healthcare provider will need to continue to monitor your liver for the rest of your life. […] A healthy diet is very important for anyone with liver disease. […] Protect your immunity. Both liver disease and immunosuppressant drugs depress your immune system. […] Avoid alcohol. Alcohol use depresses your immunity and damages your liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is serious, but most people respond well to treatment. The disease can go into remission and all but disappear for a long time.

• #105

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #106 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #107 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #108 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #109 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #110 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #111 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Self care — Taking medication and seeing a health care provider on a regular basis can help to ensure that the liver remains as healthy as possible. […] Diet — No specific diet has been shown to improve the outcome in people with AIH. The best advice is to eat a normal, healthy and balanced diet and to avoid becoming obese; obesity can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and may complicate AIH. […] Alcohol — Alcohol should be avoided since it can cause fatty liver and other liver damage. All types of alcoholic beverages can be harmful to the liver, including beer, wine, and liquor. People with liver disease may worsen with even small amounts of alcohol. […] Exercise — Exercise is good for overall health and is encouraged, but it has no specific benefit for people with AIH.

• #112 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  Doing regular physical activity or exercise helps keep you strong and prevent muscle wasting. […] Living with liver disease can be hard. As well as coping with physical symptoms you may be juggling changes to your daily life, practical issues, and worrying about the future. […] The British Liver trust is here to support anyone with a liver condition. And their friends and family. We offer an online community and support groups where you can connect with others and share experiences.

• #113 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Herbal medications — There are a number of claims, particularly on the internet, that herbal medications can improve liver health. However, no single or combination of herbs has been proven to improve outcomes in people with AIH. Some herbs can cause serious liver damage, and some have been implicated in triggering AIH. For this reason, we do not currently recommend any herbal treatment for liver disease. […] Support — Do not underestimate the value of sharing your concerns with other people with AIH. Ask your health care provider about support groups or ways to connect with other people who may be willing to discuss their experiences with AIH. […] PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS […] People who are treated for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have successful pregnancies. Treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine, both of which are probably safe during pregnancy.

• #114 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Herbal medications — There are a number of claims, particularly on the internet, that herbal medications can improve liver health. However, no single or combination of herbs has been proven to improve outcomes in people with AIH. Some herbs can cause serious liver damage, and some have been implicated in triggering AIH. For this reason, we do not currently recommend any herbal treatment for liver disease. […] Support — Do not underestimate the value of sharing your concerns with other people with AIH. Ask your health care provider about support groups or ways to connect with other people who may be willing to discuss their experiences with AIH. […] PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS […] People who are treated for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have successful pregnancies. Treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine, both of which are probably safe during pregnancy.

• #115 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis

  If your child has autoimmune hepatitis, see his or her health care provider on a regular basis. A health care provider will work with you to keep your child’s liver as healthy as possible. […] Make your child take all medicines regularly and on time. […] Always ask your child’s health care provider before trying any home remedies or over-the-counter medicines, such as herbal supplements.

• #116 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  The goal of the medications is to make the disease go into remission. […] Your healthcare provider will need to continue to monitor your liver for the rest of your life. […] A healthy diet is very important for anyone with liver disease. […] Protect your immunity. Both liver disease and immunosuppressant drugs depress your immune system. […] Avoid alcohol. Alcohol use depresses your immunity and damages your liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is serious, but most people respond well to treatment. The disease can go into remission and all but disappear for a long time.

• #117

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #118

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #119

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #120

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #121

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #122

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #123

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #124

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #125 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/autoimmune-hepatitis.html

  Autoimmune hepatitis is when your bodys infection-fighting system (immune system) attacks your liver cells. This causes redness and swelling (inflammation) and liver damage. […] Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is found early. The goal of treatment is to control the disease and to reduce or get rid of any symptoms (be in remission). […] To do this, medicines (corticosteroids and immune system suppressors) are used to help slow down or suppress your overactive immune system. They also stop your body from attacking your liver. […] Be sure to ask your healthcare provider about recommended vaccines. These include vaccines for viruses that can cause liver disease. […] Medicines are often used to control the disease. […] It can lead to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and liver failure.

• #126

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1051

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a long-term disease that makes the body’s defences (immune system) attack the liver. This causes liver inflammation and damage. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Follow your doctor’s instructions about your diet. You may need a low-salt diet. […] If you have itchy skin, keep cool and stay out of the sun. It may help to wear cotton clothing. Talk to your doctor about medicines that can be used for itching. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You feel very sleepy or confused. You have a fever. There is a new or increasing yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes. You have new or worse belly pain. You have any abnormal bleeding. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have any problems. Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight.

• #127 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Herbal medications — There are a number of claims, particularly on the internet, that herbal medications can improve liver health. However, no single or combination of herbs has been proven to improve outcomes in people with AIH. Some herbs can cause serious liver damage, and some have been implicated in triggering AIH. For this reason, we do not currently recommend any herbal treatment for liver disease. […] Support — Do not underestimate the value of sharing your concerns with other people with AIH. Ask your health care provider about support groups or ways to connect with other people who may be willing to discuss their experiences with AIH. […] PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS […] People who are treated for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have successful pregnancies. Treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine, both of which are probably safe during pregnancy.

• #128 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Herbal medications — There are a number of claims, particularly on the internet, that herbal medications can improve liver health. However, no single or combination of herbs has been proven to improve outcomes in people with AIH. Some herbs can cause serious liver damage, and some have been implicated in triggering AIH. For this reason, we do not currently recommend any herbal treatment for liver disease. […] Support — Do not underestimate the value of sharing your concerns with other people with AIH. Ask your health care provider about support groups or ways to connect with other people who may be willing to discuss their experiences with AIH. […] PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS […] People who are treated for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have successful pregnancies. Treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine, both of which are probably safe during pregnancy.

• #129 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #130 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #131 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241106/Emerging-therapies-transform-autoimmune-hepatitis-treatment-approaches.aspx

  The primary goal of AIH treatment is biochemical remission, achieved through the normalization of serum transaminases and IgG levels. […] Predniso(lo)ne, often combined with azathioprine (AZA), is the gold-standard first-line therapy. […] For patients who do not respond to or tolerate first-line therapies, second-line options like mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are considered. […] Patients who fail both first- and second-line treatments may benefit from biologic therapies. […] Maintenance therapy with low-dose predniso(lo)ne and AZA is recommended during pregnancy to reduce relapse risk. […] Pediatric AIH requires prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent long-term liver damage. […] Tailoring treatment to individual patient needs remains essential in managing this complex and heterogeneous disease.

• #132 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  Doing regular physical activity or exercise helps keep you strong and prevent muscle wasting. […] Living with liver disease can be hard. As well as coping with physical symptoms you may be juggling changes to your daily life, practical issues, and worrying about the future. […] The British Liver trust is here to support anyone with a liver condition. And their friends and family. We offer an online community and support groups where you can connect with others and share experiences.

• #133 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Ideally once you start a patient on therapy for autoimmune hepatitis, they should stay on a minimum of three years. […] It is safe for a patient with autoimmune hepatitis to become pregnant. […] I think certainly they should try to maintain their normal lifestyle as best as possible. […] If you already have cirrhosis of the liver or advanced scarring in the liver, we want to be as protective of the liver as we can, and we want you to not drink alcohol. […] A liver biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of hepatitis, gives us some good prognostic information.

• #134

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-022-07525-5

  Data show that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have significantly reduced quality-of-life and that corticosteroids carry marked side effects. […] This study provides insights into the realities of living with autoimmune hepatitis with clear issues around lack of support networks, need for patient empowerment and stigma surrounding liver disease. Patient priorities are better therapies to slow disease progression, avoiding corticosteroids and minimising side-effects. […] The majority (623% [(109/175]) would definitely or probably consider clinical trial participation to improve their care. Only 187% (31/166) reported access to a specialist liver nurse and nearly half were involved in support groups.

• #135

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-022-07525-5

  Data show that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have significantly reduced quality-of-life and that corticosteroids carry marked side effects. […] This study provides insights into the realities of living with autoimmune hepatitis with clear issues around lack of support networks, need for patient empowerment and stigma surrounding liver disease. Patient priorities are better therapies to slow disease progression, avoiding corticosteroids and minimising side-effects. […] The majority (623% [(109/175]) would definitely or probably consider clinical trial participation to improve their care. Only 187% (31/166) reported access to a specialist liver nurse and nearly half were involved in support groups.

• #136

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-022-07525-5

  Data show that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have significantly reduced quality-of-life and that corticosteroids carry marked side effects. […] This study provides insights into the realities of living with autoimmune hepatitis with clear issues around lack of support networks, need for patient empowerment and stigma surrounding liver disease. Patient priorities are better therapies to slow disease progression, avoiding corticosteroids and minimising side-effects. […] The majority (623% [(109/175]) would definitely or probably consider clinical trial participation to improve their care. Only 187% (31/166) reported access to a specialist liver nurse and nearly half were involved in support groups.

• #137 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Ideally once you start a patient on therapy for autoimmune hepatitis, they should stay on a minimum of three years. […] It is safe for a patient with autoimmune hepatitis to become pregnant. […] I think certainly they should try to maintain their normal lifestyle as best as possible. […] If you already have cirrhosis of the liver or advanced scarring in the liver, we want to be as protective of the liver as we can, and we want you to not drink alcohol. […] A liver biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of hepatitis, gives us some good prognostic information.

• #138 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Herbal medications — There are a number of claims, particularly on the internet, that herbal medications can improve liver health. However, no single or combination of herbs has been proven to improve outcomes in people with AIH. Some herbs can cause serious liver damage, and some have been implicated in triggering AIH. For this reason, we do not currently recommend any herbal treatment for liver disease. […] Support — Do not underestimate the value of sharing your concerns with other people with AIH. Ask your health care provider about support groups or ways to connect with other people who may be willing to discuss their experiences with AIH. […] PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS […] People who are treated for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can have successful pregnancies. Treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine, both of which are probably safe during pregnancy.

• #139 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Our liver specialists have extensive experience treating people with autoimmune hepatitis and other liver conditions. We offer the most advanced treatments and individualize your treatment to ensure you experience the best possible outcome. […] Your team will include a range of specialists who work together to give you the highest level of care. Our hepatologists, surgeons, nutritionists, social workers, transplant coordinators, and others design a care plan that considers not just your physical condition but also your emotional and psychological wellbeing.

• #140 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Therapy for autoimmune hepatitis should begin in patients who fit any or all of the following criteria: Elevated AST and ALT more than ten times the upper limit of normal, or at least five times the upper limit of normal; Gamma globulin at least two times the upper limit of normal; Presence of bridging necrosis and multilobular necrosis in liver biopsy. […] The diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis are complex and best done by an interprofessional team that includes a gastroenterologist, pharmacist, internist, and hepatologist. Specialized gastrointestinal nurses assist in the care, education of the patient and family, and coordination of the treatment and follow-up.

• #141 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  Doing regular physical activity or exercise helps keep you strong and prevent muscle wasting. […] Living with liver disease can be hard. As well as coping with physical symptoms you may be juggling changes to your daily life, practical issues, and worrying about the future. […] The British Liver trust is here to support anyone with a liver condition. And their friends and family. We offer an online community and support groups where you can connect with others and share experiences.

• #142 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION […] Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem. […] This article will be updated as needed on our web site (www.uptodate.com/patients). Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below.

• #143

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-022-07525-5

  Data show that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have significantly reduced quality-of-life and that corticosteroids carry marked side effects. […] This study provides insights into the realities of living with autoimmune hepatitis with clear issues around lack of support networks, need for patient empowerment and stigma surrounding liver disease. Patient priorities are better therapies to slow disease progression, avoiding corticosteroids and minimising side-effects. […] The majority (623% [(109/175]) would definitely or probably consider clinical trial participation to improve their care. Only 187% (31/166) reported access to a specialist liver nurse and nearly half were involved in support groups.

• #144 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Patients with autoimmune hepatitis you describe them as asymptomatic, they dont know its happening, but something there are associated symptoms, right? […] The majority of the patients that we see have liver enzyme elevations but they can have a little bit of nausea, they can have a little bit of discomfort in their right upper abdomen, they can have a lot of fatigue which they didnt realize was associated with autoimmune hepatitis. […] We definitely like to see these patients where we can intervene sooner rather than later because it is a reversible process oftentimes, even if the patient has advanced fibrosis or early cirrhosis. […] In regards to treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, steroids or prednisone is a mainstay of treatment. […] If the patient is given a trial of steroids and they improve very rapidly, this is a good indication that this is autoimmune hepatitis.

• #145 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  It is important to have regular appointments with your doctor or liver specialist so they can monitor your condition. […] Your doctor will balance treating you effectively with reducing side effects from your medicines. They will do this by keeping the doses as low as possible. […] The time it takes to improve the inflammation in the liver will be different for everyone. If you are well enough to stop taking medication, your doctor or liver specialist will discuss the risks and benefits. […] Many people with AIH get pregnant and have children. Its a good idea to talk to your clinical team first, so they can advise you. […] Do not stop your treatment while you are pregnant without speaking to your clinical team. […] Putting on weight can be a side-effect of taking steroids. Being physically active and eating healthily will help you manage your weight.

• #146

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-022-07525-5

  Data show that patients with autoimmune hepatitis have significantly reduced quality-of-life and that corticosteroids carry marked side effects. […] This study provides insights into the realities of living with autoimmune hepatitis with clear issues around lack of support networks, need for patient empowerment and stigma surrounding liver disease. Patient priorities are better therapies to slow disease progression, avoiding corticosteroids and minimising side-effects. […] The majority (623% [(109/175]) would definitely or probably consider clinical trial participation to improve their care. Only 187% (31/166) reported access to a specialist liver nurse and nearly half were involved in support groups.

• #147 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Ideally once you start a patient on therapy for autoimmune hepatitis, they should stay on a minimum of three years. […] It is safe for a patient with autoimmune hepatitis to become pregnant. […] I think certainly they should try to maintain their normal lifestyle as best as possible. […] If you already have cirrhosis of the liver or advanced scarring in the liver, we want to be as protective of the liver as we can, and we want you to not drink alcohol. […] A liver biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of hepatitis, gives us some good prognostic information.

• #148 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Provide emotional support: Nurses perform active listening and encourage the client to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Nurses avoid making judgmental statements about lifestyle choices in cases of hepatitis due to substance misuse and instead focus on abstinence and efforts toward recovery. They teach about stress management techniques and positive coping strategies such as progressive relaxation, visualization, and guided imagery. Prescribed sedative medications are administered for anxiety as indicated, such as diazepam and lorazepam.

• #149 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #150 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  The goal of the medications is to make the disease go into remission. […] Your healthcare provider will need to continue to monitor your liver for the rest of your life. […] A healthy diet is very important for anyone with liver disease. […] Protect your immunity. Both liver disease and immunosuppressant drugs depress your immune system. […] Avoid alcohol. Alcohol use depresses your immunity and damages your liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is serious, but most people respond well to treatment. The disease can go into remission and all but disappear for a long time.

• #151 Autoimmune Hepatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172356-overview

  Rapid institution of treatment with high-dose corticosteroids may rescue patients whose autoimmune hepatitis ultimately would have progressed to either acute liver failure or cirrhosis. […] The goal of treatment is disease remission. In remission, patients experience the improvement of symptoms, the normalization of abnormal liver chemistries and gamma globulin levels, and the reduction or elimination of inflammatory activity on liver biopsy. […] Most patients who embark on a course of immunosuppressant therapy respond well initially. More than 90% of adults started on corticosteroid treatment experience improvements in liver chemistries and gamma globulin levels within 2 weeks. […] Remission can be achieved in about 65% of patients within 18 months and 80% of patients within 3 years.

• #152 Autoimmune Hepatitis Management: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/4/2/17

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a varied inflammatory chronic liver disease. The primary treatment goal is biochemical remission, normalized serum IgG, and liver enzymes. Induction therapy typically involves azathioprine and corticosteroids. Close monitoring of liver function tests and serum immunoglobulin levels is essential. […] The goal of initiating treatment is to induce remission, as defined by (1) the normalization of liver enzymes, including aminotransferases and bilirubin, (2) normalization of serum gamma globulin levels, (3) resolution of clinical symptoms, and (4) improvement in histological inflammation on liver biopsy. […] Research has shown that AIH patients show better outcomes with immunosuppressive therapy as a first-line treatment, either by using corticosteroids exclusively or combination therapy of a low corticosteroid dose along with azathioprine.

• #153 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #154 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #155 Autoimmune Hepatitis – Cirrhosis Care

  https://cirrhosiscare.ca/patients/cirrhosis/causes/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Autoimmune hepatitis may be detected with a series of blood tests. […] Your doctor will also examine you and may find signs such as a large liver and jaundice. […] Since we don’t know exactly what causes autoimmune hepatitis, we don’t yet have a medical cure. But we do have effective treatments. […] When medications are needed, corticosteroids are the first treatment of choice. Corticosteroids are different from anabolic steroids, which are used to build muscle mass. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are potent anti-inflammatory drugs. They reduce inflammation throughout the body, including the liver. […] Your doctor may also prescribe other anti-inflammatory drugs such as azathioprine, methotrexate, or mycophenolate mofetil. […] After drugs have reduced the initial inflammation caused by autoimmune hepatitis, about 90% of people need ongoing treatment to stay in remission. […] Since the intensity of the disease goes up and down, some people suffer from relapses even those who have been receiving ongoing treatment. Relapses are usually treated by a temporary course of corticosteroids.

• #156 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is associated with varied clinical presentations and natural history, as well as somewhat unpredictable treatment responses. […] In this review, we provide a structured practical approach for diagnosing and managing this unique group of patients. […] In the absence of pre-existing liver disease, AS-AIH is defined as an acute presentation of AIH characterised by jaundice and coagulopathy (INR 1.5) with no evidence of encephalopathy. […] Corticosteroids in AS-AIH are the mainstay of treatment and are highly effective. […] Patients with features of advanced liver failure need to be considered for urgent liver transplantation, obviating the need for a trial of corticosteroids. […] The absence of pathognomonic features makes the diagnosis of AS-AIH challenging and one of exclusion.

• #157 Autoimmune Hepatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172356-overview

  Patients whose condition failed conventional treatment are at increased risk progression of their disease to decompensated cirrhosis. […] If cirrhosis is suspected in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, that individual should be entered into a surveillance program to rule out the development of hepatocellular carcinoma as a complication of cirrhosis.

• #158 Autoimmune Hepatitis Management: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/4/2/17

  After four to eight weeks, if there is evidence of a positive biochemical response with improved liver function tests and gamma globulin levels, a gradual steroid reduction can be initiated. […] A minority of patients experience treatment failure or an incomplete response (approximately 8% and 15% of those undergoing treatment, respectively) and may require second-line options. […] Second- or third-line treatment can vary between providers and centers, especially in those where liver transplants are available. […] It will be important to consider that for patients reaching AIH end-stage chronic liver disease, the AASLD guidelines recommend semi-annual ultrasounds for HCC detection for patients with compensated AIH liver cirrhosis, similar to any other cause of liver cirrhosis.

• #159 Autoimmune Hepatitis – with Jama Darling, MD | Department of Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/news/chairs-corner/podcast/autoimmune-hepatitis/

  Patients with autoimmune hepatitis you describe them as asymptomatic, they dont know its happening, but something there are associated symptoms, right? […] The majority of the patients that we see have liver enzyme elevations but they can have a little bit of nausea, they can have a little bit of discomfort in their right upper abdomen, they can have a lot of fatigue which they didnt realize was associated with autoimmune hepatitis. […] We definitely like to see these patients where we can intervene sooner rather than later because it is a reversible process oftentimes, even if the patient has advanced fibrosis or early cirrhosis. […] In regards to treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, steroids or prednisone is a mainstay of treatment. […] If the patient is given a trial of steroids and they improve very rapidly, this is a good indication that this is autoimmune hepatitis.

• #160 Patient education: Autoimmune hepatitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-beyond-the-basics

  Stopping treatment during pregnancy can lead to relapse of the disease and is not usually recommended. People with AIH are also more likely to develop diabetes or have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] LONG-TERM OUTCOME […] Untreated AIH can cause scarring of the liver and ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fortunately, proper treatment can prevent scarring and cirrhosis in most people. Treatment can be beneficial, even if advanced scarring or cirrhosis has already developed, arresting progression of scarring and, sometimes, reversing the scarring. […] Approximately 10 to 40 percent of people with AIH go into remission and no longer need medications for their condition; however, only approximately 20 to 30 percent of these people stay in remission. Thus, most people need either continuous therapy or additional rounds of medication to treat ongoing disease.

• #161 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Monitor IO, and compare with periodic weight. Note enteric losses: vomiting and diarrhea. Provides information about replacement needs and effects of therapy. Diarrhea may be due to the transient flu-like response to viral infection or may represent a more serious problem of obstructed portal blood flow with vascular congestion in the GI tract, or it may be the intended result of medication use (neomycin, lactulose) to decrease serum ammonia levels in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. […] Observe skin for areas of redness, and breakdown. Early detection of problem areas allows for additional intervention to prevent complications/promote healing. […] Assess effect of illness on economic factors of patient and SO. Financial problems may exist because of loss of patients role functioning in the family and prolonged recovery.

• #162 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #163 6 Hepatitis Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hepatitis-nursing-care-plans/

  Monitor IO, and compare with periodic weight. Note enteric losses: vomiting and diarrhea. Provides information about replacement needs and effects of therapy. Diarrhea may be due to the transient flu-like response to viral infection or may represent a more serious problem of obstructed portal blood flow with vascular congestion in the GI tract, or it may be the intended result of medication use (neomycin, lactulose) to decrease serum ammonia levels in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. […] Observe skin for areas of redness, and breakdown. Early detection of problem areas allows for additional intervention to prevent complications/promote healing. […] Assess effect of illness on economic factors of patient and SO. Financial problems may exist because of loss of patients role functioning in the family and prolonged recovery.

• #164 11.15 Hepatitis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/11-15-hepatitis/

  Nurses monitor vital signs, 24-hour input and output, daily weight trends, and for signs of edema. They monitor for ascites by measuring abdominal girth. They assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes, as well as for signs of bleeding such as hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, and oozing from gums and IV sites. They monitor laboratory values such as serial liver enzymes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and clotting times.[19] […] Nursing interventions include the following actions: Optimize nutrition: Anorexia is a common symptom. A dietician is consulted to plan a diet according to the clients current nutritional needs. Medications are administered related to nutritional intake as prescribed such as antiemetics, antiulcer medications, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and other nutritional supplements. Oral care is encouraged before meals to promote appetite.

• #165 Autoimmune Hepatitis Management: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/4/2/17

  After four to eight weeks, if there is evidence of a positive biochemical response with improved liver function tests and gamma globulin levels, a gradual steroid reduction can be initiated. […] A minority of patients experience treatment failure or an incomplete response (approximately 8% and 15% of those undergoing treatment, respectively) and may require second-line options. […] Second- or third-line treatment can vary between providers and centers, especially in those where liver transplants are available. […] It will be important to consider that for patients reaching AIH end-stage chronic liver disease, the AASLD guidelines recommend semi-annual ultrasounds for HCC detection for patients with compensated AIH liver cirrhosis, similar to any other cause of liver cirrhosis.

• #166 Autoimmune Hepatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172356-overview

  Patients whose condition failed conventional treatment are at increased risk progression of their disease to decompensated cirrhosis. […] If cirrhosis is suspected in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis, that individual should be entered into a surveillance program to rule out the development of hepatocellular carcinoma as a complication of cirrhosis.

• #167 Autoimmune Hepatitis | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://hpbsurgery.ucsf.edu/condition/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic or long lasting disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and damage. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious condition that may worsen over time if not treated. Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. […] Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis includes medication to suppress, or slow down, an overactive immune system. […] Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. […] People with autoimmune hepatitis generally respond to standard treatment and the disease can be controlled in most cases. […] In some people, autoimmune hepatitis progresses to cirrhosis and end-stage liver failure, and a liver transplant may be necessary.

• #168 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Our liver specialists have extensive experience treating people with autoimmune hepatitis and other liver conditions. We offer the most advanced treatments and individualize your treatment to ensure you experience the best possible outcome. […] Your team will include a range of specialists who work together to give you the highest level of care. Our hepatologists, surgeons, nutritionists, social workers, transplant coordinators, and others design a care plan that considers not just your physical condition but also your emotional and psychological wellbeing.

• #169 Autoimmune Hepatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459186/

  Therapy for autoimmune hepatitis should begin in patients who fit any or all of the following criteria: Elevated AST and ALT more than ten times the upper limit of normal, or at least five times the upper limit of normal; Gamma globulin at least two times the upper limit of normal; Presence of bridging necrosis and multilobular necrosis in liver biopsy. […] The diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis are complex and best done by an interprofessional team that includes a gastroenterologist, pharmacist, internist, and hepatologist. Specialized gastrointestinal nurses assist in the care, education of the patient and family, and coordination of the treatment and follow-up.

• #170 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Our liver specialists have extensive experience treating people with autoimmune hepatitis and other liver conditions. We offer the most advanced treatments and individualize your treatment to ensure you experience the best possible outcome. […] Your team will include a range of specialists who work together to give you the highest level of care. Our hepatologists, surgeons, nutritionists, social workers, transplant coordinators, and others design a care plan that considers not just your physical condition but also your emotional and psychological wellbeing.

• #171 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Our liver specialists have extensive experience treating people with autoimmune hepatitis and other liver conditions. We offer the most advanced treatments and individualize your treatment to ensure you experience the best possible outcome. […] Your team will include a range of specialists who work together to give you the highest level of care. Our hepatologists, surgeons, nutritionists, social workers, transplant coordinators, and others design a care plan that considers not just your physical condition but also your emotional and psychological wellbeing.

• #172 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Autoimmune hepatitis is one such condition in which the immune system attacks the liver. Without prompt treatment, the condition and can lead to long-term liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver failure. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is a lifelong condition. It is important for your child to see their doctor on a regular schedule to keep the condition under control. […] Treatment is aimed at suppressing the exaggerated immune response to prevent continued liver damage. This most frequently involves the use of steroids followed by steroid-sparing medications. […] We offer comprehensive care plans focused on your childs long-term health and wellbeing. Our clinical services include invasive and noninvasive testing and follow up based on your childs needs. […] When autoimmune hepatitis is part of a broader disorder involving multiple autoimmune diseases, we collaborate with experts in the Rheumatology Program and Immunology Program to develop the best possible care plan for the child.

• #173 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent these problems. […] If autoimmune hepatitis leads to cirrhosis and other health problems, our hepatologist will work with other specialists to recommend the most effective treatment for your condition. […] Treatment with immunosuppressants requires ongoing management by a hepatologist, who will monitor your medication levels and ensure you dont have a relapse after your condition improves. Your hepatologist will also work to minimize the doses of medication needed to keep your liver healthy. […] However, if you have liver failure or liver cancer, you may be evaluated for a liver transplant. A transplant involves removing your diseased liver and replacing it with a healthy organ. If you are recommended for transplant, you will work with our experienced transplant team and receive comprehensive, personalized care — before, during, and after your surgery.

• #174 Autoimmune Hepatitis | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/digestive-disorders/liver-disorders/autoimmune-hepatitis

  Our liver specialists have extensive experience treating people with autoimmune hepatitis and other liver conditions. We offer the most advanced treatments and individualize your treatment to ensure you experience the best possible outcome. […] Your team will include a range of specialists who work together to give you the highest level of care. Our hepatologists, surgeons, nutritionists, social workers, transplant coordinators, and others design a care plan that considers not just your physical condition but also your emotional and psychological wellbeing.

• #175 Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7509236/

  Autoimmune hepatitis is associated with varied clinical presentations and natural history, as well as somewhat unpredictable treatment responses. […] In this review, we provide a structured practical approach for diagnosing and managing this unique group of patients. […] In the absence of pre-existing liver disease, AS-AIH is defined as an acute presentation of AIH characterised by jaundice and coagulopathy (INR 1.5) with no evidence of encephalopathy. […] Corticosteroids in AS-AIH are the mainstay of treatment and are highly effective. […] Patients with features of advanced liver failure need to be considered for urgent liver transplantation, obviating the need for a trial of corticosteroids. […] The absence of pathognomonic features makes the diagnosis of AS-AIH challenging and one of exclusion.

• #176

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/ce_articleprint?an=00152258-201401000-00007&_ga=1.178909152.538370173.1414519143

  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) affects 100,000 to 200,000 people in the United States, accounting for 6% of liver transplants, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. It’s a form of hepatitis in which an individual’s immune system attacks his or her liver. […] In this article, we’ll discuss the management of a patient with AIH. […] The goal of treatment is to stop the body’s attack on the liver by suppressing the immune system. The standard medication therapy for AIH is the administration of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, and the steroid-sparing immunosuppressant azathioprine. […] Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to control inflammation and reduce fibrosis before the disease progresses to cirrhosis. […] The education and nursing care you provide your patient will give him or her confidence to embrace the challenges of coping with chronic illness. […] Not all hepatitis is the same, so it’s important to distinguish among the various types of hepatitis to manage your patient accurately and safely. […] A diagnosis of AIH is a frightening experience for your patient. Offer him or her reassurance as you provide evidence-based nursing care.

• #177 Autoimmune Hepatitis: What It Is, Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

  The goal of the medications is to make the disease go into remission. […] Your healthcare provider will need to continue to monitor your liver for the rest of your life. […] A healthy diet is very important for anyone with liver disease. […] Protect your immunity. Both liver disease and immunosuppressant drugs depress your immune system. […] Avoid alcohol. Alcohol use depresses your immunity and damages your liver. […] Autoimmune hepatitis is serious, but most people respond well to treatment. The disease can go into remission and all but disappear for a long time.

• #178 Living with Autoimmune hepatitis – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/living-with/

  It is important to have regular appointments with your doctor or liver specialist so they can monitor your condition. […] Your doctor will balance treating you effectively with reducing side effects from your medicines. They will do this by keeping the doses as low as possible. […] The time it takes to improve the inflammation in the liver will be different for everyone. If you are well enough to stop taking medication, your doctor or liver specialist will discuss the risks and benefits. […] Many people with AIH get pregnant and have children. Its a good idea to talk to your clinical team first, so they can advise you. […] Do not stop your treatment while you are pregnant without speaking to your clinical team. […] Putting on weight can be a side-effect of taking steroids. Being physically active and eating healthily will help you manage your weight.

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