Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pediatric Asthma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551631/

  Pediatric asthma is characterized by variable expiratory airway limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. […] Asthma often occurs in childhood and is influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. […] The genetic component of asthma is multifaceted, with various genes potentially contributing to the same asthma phenotype. […] Genetic studies have linked childhood-onset asthma to specific genetic markers near the ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB) genes on chromosome 17q21. […] Risk factors for developing asthma span exposures across a patient’s lifespan, including the perinatal period. […] The most significant risk factor is atopy, characterized by a genetic propensity to produce specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to common environmental allergens.

• #1 What Causes Asthma? | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/learn-about-asthma/what-causes-asthma

  A combination of genetics and exposure to certain elements in the environment put people at the greatest risk of developing asthma for the first time. […] The most common factors for developing asthma are having a parent with asthma, having a severe respiratory infection as a child, having an allergic condition, or being exposed to certain chemical irritants or industrial dusts in the workplace. […] Scientists continue to explore what causes asthma, but we do know that these factors play an important role in the development of asthma: […] If you have a parent with asthma, you are three to six times more likely to develop asthma than someone who does not have a parent with asthma. […] Certain allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (eczema) or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), are linked to people who get asthma.

• #1 Asthma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

  The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. […] Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. […] If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. […] Some genetic variants may only cause asthma when they are combined with specific environmental exposures.

• #1 Causes of Asthma | UI Health

  https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/asthma/causes-of-asthma

  Although research has revealed much about asthma over recent decades, we still don’t really understand what causes the disease. […] Some pieces will be causes; some will be contributing factors; and some will be dead ends. […] When we know what causes asthma, we will be much better equipped to prevent it and possibly to cure it. […] One risk factor for asthma is a condition called atopy, which is essentially a predisposition to be allergic to things. […] The evidence is quite clear that heredity is partially responsible for a person having atopy. […] A large percentage probably about one-third of babies and young children will experience wheezing at some point, usually during a viral respiratory infection. […] It is unclear just what the role of the viral infection is, but it is possible that it is part of the cause of asthma.

• #1 Patient education: Asthma symptoms and diagnosis in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/asthma-symptoms-and-diagnosis-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print

  Asthma occurs when the small airways (bronchi) in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, which limits the flow of air out of the lungs. […] Many different genetic, infectious, and environmental factors may increase the risk of developing asthma, a few of which include: Viral infections – Children who have wheezing with respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus seem to be at increased risk for developing asthma. […] Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and throughout childhood increases the risk of developing asthma. […] Children with a personal or family history of certain medical problems, such as asthma, allergies, or eczema, are at increased risk of developing asthma. […] However, not all children with asthma have identifiable risk factors. In other words, even children who live in unpolluted areas and whose parents do not smoke or have asthma can develop asthma. […] It is not clear if there are ways to reduce a child’s risk of developing asthma.

• #1 Childhood Asthma | Symptoms & Treatment | ELF

  https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/lung-conditions/childhood-asthma/

  Asthma results from an interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors. […] Exposure to smoking, either through a mother who smokes during pregnancy or once a baby is born, is known to increase the risk of asthma and poor lung function throughout childhood. […] Respiratory virus infections during childhood can lead to the development of asthma or acute asthma attacks. 50 60% of children who are hospitalised for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) later develop asthma. 65% of all asthma attacks in school children are due to rhinovirus infection. […] Allergens such as house dust mites and animal hair can also contribute to the development of asthma. Approximately 60% of school-age children have allergies, particularly to animal dander, house dust mites and moulds, as well as plant pollens. […] Asthma and allergies have strong links with the genes inherited from parents. […] Environmental exposure can cause changes in genes. These changes may then be inherited by the next generations and increase the risk of asthma development (epigenetic mechanisms).

• #1 What is asthma? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/what-asthma

  We do not fully understand what causes asthma. Asthma often starts in childhood, but adults can develop asthma too. […] Causes are the underlying reasons why someone gets asthma in the first place. […] Children with an allergy or allergy-related condition like eczema or hay fever are more likely to develop asthma. Children with a food allergy are four times more likely to have asthma than children without a food allergy. […] A family history of asthma or allergy-related conditions like eczema and hay fever increases your risk of developing asthma. […] Children who have bronchiolitis or croup are more likely to develop asthma. […] Children who are exposed to tobacco smoke are more likely to develop asthma. Children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy are also at a higher risk. […] Children born prematurely (before 37 weeks) or who have a low birth weight are more likely to develop asthma.

• #1 Asthma | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/centers/columbia-center-childrens-environmental-health/our-research/health-effects/asthma

  Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that causes difficulty breathing, and occurs most commonly in people who become sensitized to certain allergens in our environment. […] These exposures also may contribute to the early development of the disease. […] Childhood asthma in these communities is responsible for a large portion of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. […] This research is shedding light on why children in urban areas suffer higher rates of asthma than non-urban children do, and how environmental toxicants contribute to the prevalence of this disease. […] High cockroach and mouse allergen levels are significantly associated with asthma prevalence among children and adults. […] Developing antibodies to cockroach and mouse proteins is associated with a greater risk for wheeze, hay fever, and eczema in preschool urban children as young as three years of age.

• #1 Pediatric Asthma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551631/

  Prematurity is the most consistent and significant risk factor for asthma during the perinatal period, as preterm birth before 36 weeks is associated with increased asthma risk from childhood to adulthood due to impaired lung development. […] Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced lung function in newborns and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature delivery, which increases the likelihood of childhood asthma. […] Risk factors during infancy and childhood include male sex until age 20 when the incidence equalizes, abnormal neonatal lung function, atopy, sensitization and exposure to common allergens, obesity, and early puberty. […] Viral respiratory tract infections during infancy, especially those caused by respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus, are predictors of subsequent asthma development in childhood and adulthood. […] Active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are both risk factors for asthma development.

• #1 Asthma: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296301-overview

  Factors that can contribute to asthma or airway hyperreactivity may include any of the following: […] The onset of asthma for most patients begins early in life, with the pattern of disease persistence determined by early, recognizable risk factors including atopic disease, recurrent wheezing, and a parental history of asthma. […] Evidence suggests that rhinovirus illness during infancy is a significant risk factor for the development of wheezing in preschool children and a frequent trigger of wheezing illnesses in children with asthma. […] Approximately 80-85% of childhood asthma episodes are associated with prior viral exposure. Prior childhood pneumonia due to infection by respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and/or Chlamydia species was found in more than 50% of a small sample of children aged 7-9 years who later had asthma.

• #1 What Causes Asthma? | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/learn-about-asthma/what-causes-asthma

  Respiratory problems during infancy and childhood can cause wheezing. Some children who experience viral respiratory infections go on to develop chronic asthma. […] If you have asthma, exposures to certain elements in the workplace can cause asthma symptoms. And, for some people, exposure to certain dusts (industrial or wood dusts), chemical fumes and vapors, and molds can cause asthma to develop for the very first time. […] Cigarette smoke irritates the airways. Smokers have a high risk of asthma. Those whose mothers smoked during pregnancy or who were exposed to secondhand smoke are also more likely to have asthma. […] Exposure to the main component of smog (ozone) raises the risk for asthma. Those who grew up or live in urban areas have a higher risk for asthma. […] Children and adults who are overweight or obese are at a greater risk of asthma. Although the reasons are unclear, some experts point to low-grade inflammation in the body that occurs with extra weight. Obese patients often use more medications, suffer worse symptoms and are less able to control their asthma than patients in a healthy weight range.

• #1 Causes of Asthma | UI Health

  https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/asthma/causes-of-asthma

  The evidence is clear that air pollution can have a negative effect on the breathing of people who already have asthma. […] It is thought that exposure to cigarette smoke in childhood contributes both directly and indirectly to the development of asthma. […] Serious respiratory illness before the age of 2 is an important risk factor for asthma. […] Another observation that may hold clues to the causes of asthma is that asthma is much more common in industrialized nations such as the United States than in the developing world. […] Several explanations have been suggested to explain the higher prevalence of asthma in industrialized nations. […] One theory for explaining how asthma is caused involves a combination of underlying susceptibility with environmental exposures, often referred to as „hits.”

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/asthma-triggers-and-what-to-do-about-them.aspx

  Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children worldwide. About one out of every 10 U.S. children has asthma. […] There is no cure for asthma, but there are ways to control it. If your child has asthma, it is likely that one of the 9 things listed here may cause it to flare up. These are called asthma triggers. […] Children who have an asthma flare caused by one of these viruses also have a harder time managing symptoms with their usual treatment. This is called treatment failure, and is often linked to hospitalization, emergency room visits or relapse. […] Pollutants can irritate the lungs and increase airway inflammation. Tobacco smoke is especially damaging to the lungs and can trigger asthma flares. Children who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have more wheezing, more severe asthma and longer lasting symptoms.

• #1 Asthma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

  Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms. […] Low air quality from environmental factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels has been associated with both asthma development and increased asthma severity. […] Exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds may be a trigger for asthma; formaldehyde exposure, for example, has a positive association. […] Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy is a risk factor for the child to develop asthma. […] Asthma is associated with exposure to indoor allergens. Common indoor allergens include dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander (fragments of fur or feathers), and mould. […] Certain viral respiratory infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, may increase the risk of developing asthma when acquired as young children.

• #1 What is asthma? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/what-asthma

  Asthma can be caused by breathing in certain substances in the workplace, like flour dust or chemical fumes. This is called occupational asthma. […] People with female sex hormones are more likely to have asthma, and their asthma is more likely to be severe. […] Children who are exposed to air pollution are more likely to develop asthma than children who live in places with better air quality. Air pollution can also be an asthma trigger. […] Being obese puts you at a higher risk of developing asthma and having more severe asthma. Obese people with asthma have worse asthma control. […] Studies have found that people with asthma are more likely to have low levels of vitamin D. But there is not good enough evidence to suggest that taking vitamin D supplements reduces your risk of asthma symptoms.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Asthma is more likely if other family members also have asthma particularly a close relative, such as a parent or sibling. […] Many factors have been linked to an increased risk of developing asthma, although it is often difficult to find a single, direct cause. […] Events in early life affect the developing lungs and can increase the risk of asthma. These include low birth weight, prematurity, exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of air pollution, as well as viral respiratory infections. […] Exposure to a range of environmental allergens and irritants are also thought to increase the risk of asthma, including indoor and outdoor air pollution, house dust mites, moulds, and occupational exposure to chemicals, fumes or dust. […] Children and adults who are overweight or obese are at a greater risk of asthma.

• #1 Asthma – Causes and Triggers | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma/causes

  The exact causes for developing asthma are unknown and may be different from person to person. […] Asthma usually starts during childhood when the bodys defense system is still taking shape. […] Many factors may work together to cause you to develop asthma, such as: […] The following may also raise the risk of developing asthma: […] Asthma is usually a type of allergic reaction. […] Being overweight can raise your risk of developing asthma or make your asthma symptoms worse. […] Puerto Rican people and Black or African American people have a higher risk of developing asthma than people of other racial or ethnic groups. […] More boys than girls have asthma as children. […] Breathing in chemicals or industrial dust in the workplace can raise your risk of developing asthma. […] Air pollution and changing weather patterns contribute to asthma onset and exposure to allergens. […] Because the exact cause is unknown, you may not be able to prevent asthma in yourself or your children. […] Through our current research, we hope to better understand how our genes and the environment we live in affect our risk for developing asthma.

• #1 Pediatric Asthma > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/pediatric-asthma

  Medical research shows that asthma seems to be caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. […] For example, children who have symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath, and who also have a family history of asthma, are more likely to have asthma. […] Asthma is also closely related to allergies, so children who have other allergy-related conditions such as eczema, hay fever or food allergies or who have a family history of them are also at increased risk. […] The environment is another important factor. Exposure to air pollution and cigarette smoke has also been shown to raise children’s risk of developing asthma symptoms. […] Obesity has also been linked to asthma. Children who are obese are more likely to have the condition diagnosed, and their cases are likely to be more severe, with more frequent symptoms.

• #1 Asthma in Children | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/asthma/living-with-asthma/asthma-in-children/

  Around 4.9 million children in the United States have asthma. Asthma is one of the most common chronic (long-term) diseases in children. It is also one of the main causes for missed school days. It cannot be cured, but it can be managed. […] Childhood asthma tends to affect more male children than female children. But during adulthood, females have higher rates of asthma than males. Some studies suggest that the increase in testosterone hormone in males decreases swelling in the airways. […] Some children have a higher risk of asthma. Asthma rates are highest in children who are: Living in households with lower incomes, Puerto Rican, Black, Indigenous, Native American, Alaska Native, Living in inner cities, Living near high amounts of air pollution. […] Experts don’t know exactly what causes asthma in children. But the following risk factors may make a child more likely to have asthma: Family history of asthma, Respiratory illnesses, such as flu, RSV, and colds, Allergies and eczema (atopic dermatitis), A mother who smoked during pregnancy, Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke or e-cigarette aerosol after birth, Living in an area with high air pollution. […] Upper respiratory infections caused by viruses are the most common trigger for children with asthma.

• #1 Asthma in children younger than 12 years: Initial evaluation and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/asthma-in-children-younger-than-12-years-initial-evaluation-and-diagnosis

  A wide global variation exists in the prevalence of asthma, with higher rates typically seen in higher-income countries. Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood in resource-rich countries. A significant increase in the estimated prevalence of asthma was seen in resource-rich countries in the 1980s and 1990s, with slower rates of increase in the 2000s and a plateau thereafter. Approximately 5.8 percent of US children had asthma in 2020, down from 7.5 percent in 2018 and 9.4 percent in 2010. However, asthma prevalence continues to increase in other countries such as China. Possible causes that impact asthma prevalence are reviewed in detail separately. […] Disparities in prevalence remain, with higher prevalence seen in children with lower access to resources and those living in the Southern US and the highest prevalence still seen in Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic Black American children, particularly for those living in urban environments. Before the onset of puberty, boys have a higher current prevalence of asthma than girls (9.2 versus 7.4 percent). This trend reverses in adolescence, the reasons for which remain unknown. Lifetime asthma prevalence for children was 12.7 percent in 2013 and 2016. The prevalence of asthma appears to have plateaued in other countries as well.

• #1 Asthma in Children: Childhood Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://www.medicinenet.com/asthma_in_children/article.htm

  Secondhand tobacco smoke is also a significant risk factor for the development and progression of asthma. […] Up to 50% of children who experience significant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are eventually diagnosed with asthma. […] Evidence suggests that the risk of asthma is reduced in children with a history of certain infections, rural living, exposure to other children (including older siblings), and less frequent use of antibiotics. The development of asthma is ultimately a complicated process influenced by many environmental and genetic factors, and therefore there is no proven way to decrease a child’s risk of developing asthma.

• #1 Asthma in Children – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/respiratory-disorders-in-infants-and-children/asthma-in-children

  However, doctors have noticed that asthma is more common among children living in very clean, hygienic environments where they are exposed to fewer infectious diseases than children living in environments where they are exposed to more infectious diseases. […] Thus, doctors think that perhaps childhood exposure to certain substances and infections may actually help children’s immune system learn not to overreact to triggers. […] Diet may be a risk factor. Children who do not consume enough of vitamins C and E and omega-3 fatty acids or who have obesity may be at higher risk of asthma.

• #1 Asthma | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/centers/columbia-center-childrens-environmental-health/our-research/health-effects/asthma

  Combined prenatal exposure to airborne PAH and postnatal secondhand smoke results in the increased likelihood of respiratory and asthma-like symptoms at one to two years of age and at five to six years of age. […] Children who were exposed to acetaminophen (active ingredient in Tylenol) prenatally were more likely to have asthma symptoms at age five. […] Feeling distressed during pregnancy may be associated with asthma symptoms during childhood.

• #1 Pediatric Asthma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-overview

  Asthma attacks can be related to changes in atmospheric temperature, barometric pressure, and the quality of air (eg, humidity, allergen and irritant content). In some individuals, emotional upsets clearly aggravate asthma. […] Exercise can trigger an early asthmatic response. Mechanisms underlying exercise-induced asthmatic response remain somewhat uncertain. Heat and water loss from the airways can increase the osmolarity of the fluid lining the airways and result in mediator release. […] Children exposed to higher maternal stress during the pre- and postnatal period were reported to be at higher risk for wheeze. This was only true in non-atopic mothers. […] A 2012 Danish study reported an association between maternal obesity (BMI 35 and gestational weight gain 25 kg) during pregnancy with increased risk of asthma and wheezing in the offspring. […] Results of a prospective birth cohort study of 568 pregnant women and their offspring showed that postnatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in the first years of a child’s life is associated with significantly increased risk for wheeze and asthma.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/asthma-triggers-and-what-to-do-about-them.aspx

  Children who have asthma and are allergic to insects are at increased risk for an asthma flare after a sting. […] Stress and anxiety can sometimes increase airway inflammation and trigger asthma symptoms. Children with asthma are increased risk for asthma attacks after a difficult life event (such as after the death of a family member). […] Keeping your child away from asthma triggers can help prevent flare-ups. It can protect your child’s airway from being inflamed and keep it from overreacting. This can reduce how often, how long and how severe your child’s asthma symptoms are and improve your child’s quality of life.

• #1 Childhood asthma – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507

  Childhood asthma causes aren’t fully understood. Some factors thought to be involved include having: […] Increased immune system sensitivity causes the lungs and airways to swell and produce mucus when exposed to certain triggers. Reaction to a trigger can be delayed, making it more difficult to identify the trigger. Triggers vary from child to child and can include: […] Sometimes, asthma symptoms occur with no apparent triggers.

• #1 Childhood Asthma |

  https://asthmaandallergies.org/asthma-allergies/childhood-asthma/

  Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting children. […] The root cause of asthma is still unknown. […] Certain risk factors make some children more likely to develop asthma. […] To some extent, asthma seems to run in families. […] A child is said to have atopy (or to be atopic) when he or she is prone to developing allergies. […] Certain types of allergies can increase a child’s risk of developing asthma. […] For many people, including children, an allergic response can trigger various symptoms of asthma; however, allergens are not the only trigger of asthma symptoms. […] Some allergens (substances that cause an allergic response in sensitive individuals) are more likely to trigger an asthma episode. […] Some types of viruses can trigger asthma. […] Many people are unaware that smoking is a significant risk factor for asthma in children and a common trigger of asthma symptoms for people of all ages.

• #1 Asthma – children Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/asthma-children

  Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. During an asthma attack, the muscles surrounding the airways tighten. The lining of the air passages swells. As a result, less air is able to pass through. […] An allergic reaction is a key part of asthma in children. Asthma and allergies often occur together. […] In children who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens, or triggers. […] Common asthma triggers include: Animals (hair or dander), Dust, mold, and pollen, Aspirin and other medicines, Changes in weather (most often cold weather), Chemicals in the air or in food, Tobacco smoke, Exercise, Strong emotions, Viral infections, such as the common cold.

• #1 Child Asthma | Allergist in Orlando, Altamonte Springs And Dr. Phillips FL | Total Allergy and Asthma

  https://www.totalallergyandasthma.com/child-asthma

  Childhood asthma occurs when a childs airways become inflamed in response to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, or respiratory infections. This inflammation causes the airways to narrow, making it harder for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may vary from day to day. Although asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with the right treatment. […] The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development: […] Children with a family history of asthma, allergies, or other respiratory conditions are more likely to develop asthma. Genetics play a significant role in the likelihood of asthma developing in a child. […] Many children with asthma also have allergies. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, mold, and cockroach droppings. Allergic asthma can trigger asthma attacks when a child is exposed to allergens.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/asthma-triggers-and-what-to-do-about-them.aspx

  Asthma flares from indoor allergens are common in children with allergies. These allergens include dust mites, cockroaches, mice and pet dander. They can trigger asthma flares year-round, and mostly are found in the home and in schools. […] Seasonal exposure to outdoor allergens can also trigger asthma exacerbations. Pollens and molds are the most common outdoor allergens. […] Cold and dry air can be irritating to the lungs, cause airway inflammation and trigger asthma flares. This can happen on a cold weather day or even after exposure to a cold air conditioner. Sudden temperature changes can also trigger an airway spasm and worsen asthma. […] When they exercise, many people with asthma develop cough, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Symptoms can start 5-20 minutes after exercising and be very intense.

• #1 What Causes Asthma Attacks | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/pediatric-pulmonologist/services/asthma/causes/

  Various triggers — materials in the air, such as smoke and pollution, as well as some respiratory infections — can cause asthma attacks. […] Flu, colds, sinus infections and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause an attack. […] During an asthma attack, the lungs and other parts of the upper respiratory system can react quickly to the trigger, causing airways to constrict and become obstructed.

• #1 The 10 Most Common Causes of Asthma in Children | Becker ENT

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/10-causes-of-asthma-in-children

  Colds, flu, and other respiratory infections can lead to inflammation in the airways, triggering or worsening asthma symptoms. […] Exposure to tobacco smoke, even indirectly, is a significant risk factor for asthma in children. […] Sudden changes in weather, especially cold air, can irritate the airways and aggravate asthma symptoms. […] While exercise-induced asthma is common, it should not prohibit physical activity. […] Perfumes, cleaning agents, and other strong odors can irritate sensitive airways and lead to asthma attacks. […] Emotional stress and anxiety can trigger asthma symptoms or worsen existing conditions. […] Pollutants such as car exhaust, industrial emissions, and indoor pollutants can exacerbate asthma. […] Factors such as increased pollution, changes in lifestyle, and heightened awareness and diagnosis contribute to the rising prevalence of asthma in children.

• #1 Your Child’s Asthma | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/your-childs-asthma

  What causes childhood asthma? Researchers continue to learn what causes asthma. It is not fully understood. The following things play a part: Genetics. Asthma runs in families. Allergies. Some allergies are more common in people with asthma. Allergies also tend to run in families. Respiratory infections. Infants and young children who have some respiratory infections are more likely to have long-term lung problems. Environmental factors. Irritants, such as pollution and allergens, are known to cause asthma. […] Triggers are those things that cause asthma symptoms to get worse or cause asthma flare-ups. Each child has different triggers. Asthma triggers may include: Allergens, such as pollen, dust, and pets; Upper respiratory infections, such as colds or the flu; Inhaled irritants, such as from smoking, e-cigarettes, or secondhand smoke; Certain weather conditions, such as cold air; Exercise or physical activity; Emotions, such as crying, laughing, or yelling. […] Many infants and toddlers may wheeze when sick with a viral illness, such as cold or flu. But most of these children don’t get asthma later in life. […] Some children may have fewer asthma symptoms as they get older. But others may still have symptoms as teens or adults.

• #1 Causes of Asthma | UI Health

  https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/asthma/causes-of-asthma

  Asthma occurs, by this theory, only when a person both is susceptible (through heredity) and experiences those factors (still unidentified) that cause the disease to manifest itself. […] Some scientists believe that what we call „asthma” is actually several different diseases, caused in different ways.

• #1 Causes of Asthma | UI Health

  https://uicdss2.ingeniuxondemand.com/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/asthma/causes-of-asthma

  Another observation that may hold clues to the causes of asthma is that asthma is much more common in industrialized nations such as the United States than in the developing world. […] One theory for explaining how asthma is caused involves a combination of underlying susceptibility with environmental exposures, often referred to as „hits.” […] Some scientists believe that what we call „asthma” is actually several different diseases, caused in different ways.

• #1 Asthma: pathophysiology, causes and diagnosis – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/asthma-pathophysiology-causes-and-diagnosis

  There is no single cause for asthma, and a range of environmental and genetic factors are known to influence its development. These include premature birth and low birth weight and exposure to tobacco smoke (especially if the mother smokes in pregnancy). […] Although there is no single cause of asthma, certain environmental and genetic factors are known to contribute to the development of the condition. These include: Family history of asthma (especially a parent or sibling) or other atopic conditions (for example, eczema or hayfever) […] Environmental and cultural factors in recent decades, such as changes in housing, air pollution levels and a more hygienic lifestyle (reducing early exposure to allergens), may also increase the risk of asthma. […] Asthma is more common in prepubertal boys, but boys are more likely to grow out of their asthma during adolescence than girls. […] Phenotyping is becoming increasingly important for clinicians in determining why some people are predisposed to develop asthma and others are not.

• #1

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/1952

  Childhood asthma is an umbrella of multifactorial diseases with similar clinical features such as mast cell and eosinophil infiltration causing airway hyper responsiveness, inflammation, and airway obstruction. There are various factors that are implicated in childhood asthma pathogenesis. A combined contribution of genetic predisposition, environmental insults, and epigenetic changes account for polarisation of the immune system towards T helper (Th) type 2 cell responses that include production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IgE, and eosinophil infiltrates, shown to associate with asthma. […] Environmental cues in prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood seem to determine development of asthma incidence or protection against it. Mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotics, oxidative stress, exposure to tobacco smoke and an industrialised lifestyle are significant contributors to childhood asthma exacerbation.

• #1 Asthma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

  Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. […] Asthma is caused by a combination of complex and incompletely understood environmental and genetic interactions. These influence both its severity and its responsiveness to treatment. […] It is believed that the recent increased rates of asthma are due to changing epigenetics (heritable factors other than those related to the DNA sequence) and a changing living environment. […] Asthma that starts before the age of 12 years old is more likely due to genetic influence, while onset after age 12 is more likely due to environmental influence. […] Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma’s development and exacerbation, including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals.

• #1 Pediatric Asthma and Immunology: Root Causes and Integrative Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/pediatric-asthma-and-immunology-root-causes-and-integrative-treatments

  Pediatric asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, characterized by an overactive immune response to various triggers. […] The immune system plays a crucial role in both the development and exacerbation of asthma. Upon exposure to allergens, pollutants, or viral infections, the immune system’s overreaction leads to the release of inflammatory mediators like cytokines and histamines, which contribute to airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. […] The etiology of pediatric asthma is multifactorial, with genetic, environmental, and immunological components playing pivotal roles in its development. Understanding these underlying factors is crucial for devising effective prevention and management strategies. […] Asthma has a strong genetic basis, with children having a higher risk if one or both parents have asthma or other atopic conditions.

• #1 Pediatric Asthma and Immunology: Root Causes and Integrative Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/pediatric-asthma-and-immunology-root-causes-and-integrative-treatments

  Environmental exposures significantly contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of asthma in genetically susceptible individuals. […] The immune system’s overreaction to harmless substances leads to the chronic inflammation characteristic of asthma. […] Viral infections, particularly in early childhood, can significantly impact the developing immune system and respiratory tract.

• #1 Childhood Asthma: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/childhood-asthma/

  It is important to diagnose and begin treating asthma in children promptly, in order to prevent it causing long-term damage to the lungs. Chronic (long-term) asthma, or asthma which is not treated effectively over the course of many years, has the potential to damage the lungs on a permanent basis in two main ways: by causing airway fibrosis (scarring) of the tissue in the airways and by causing remodelling (permanent narrowing of the airways). […] Persistent (long term, severe or ineffectively treated) childhood asthma can lead to reduced lung growth and function in adulthood, an outcome which is found to increase the possibility of developing COPD.

• #1 Asthma in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6776-asthma-in-children

  If asthma isn’t well-managed, it can cause a variety of issues and complications. These may include: Severe asthma attacks. Missed school or other activities. Frequent hospitalizations and/or emergency department visits. […] You can’t prevent childhood asthma because the exact cause of the condition is unknown. In addition, your child may develop asthma if their immune system is still developing. […] Once a person’s airways become sensitive, they remain that way for life. About half of children who have asthma have a noticeable decrease in symptoms by the time they become adolescents. Therefore, they appear to outgrow childhood asthma. However, childhood asthma can come back.

• #1 Asthma in children | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/asthma-in-children

  Asthma is one of the most common reasons that children visit doctors, miss days at school or have to go to hospital. In fact, around one in 10 Australian children have asthma. […] We dont know the exact reason some children get asthma. Children are more likely to get asthma if they: have family members with asthma or allergies, are premature or born with a low birth weight, are around air pollution such as bushfires, mould or second hand cigarette smoke. […] Asthma triggers are things that can cause asthma symptoms. The most common triggers are: cigarette smoke, cold or flu, indoor and outdoor air pollution, allergies, such as dust mites, animals, pollen or mould, cold, dry air, exercise. […] Your doctor might ask whether anyone in your family has a history of asthma, eczema or hay fever.

• #1 Asthma in Children: 5 Treatment Options, Symptoms, Causes, Attacks & Medications

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/asthma_in_children/article_em.htm

  Asthma in children usually has many causes or triggers. These triggers may change as the child ages. A child’s reaction to a trigger may also change with treatment. Viral infections can increase the likelihood of an asthma attack. Common triggers of asthma include the following: […] Allergens can also be seasonal outdoor allergens (for example, mold spores, pollens, grass, trees). […] Certain environmental factors, such as respiratory infections, especially infection with respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus, may bring the onset of asthma. […] Other environmental factors, such as exposure to smoke, allergens, automobile emissions, and environmental pollutants, have been associated with asthma. […] Recent reports of a possible association between asthma and acetaminophen use may be since children with severe asthma may be more likely to be taking acetaminophen for viral or other infections that may be due to asthma or may precede an asthma diagnosis. […] Inflammation in the upper airways, which can be caused by allergies, sinus infections, or lung (respiratory) infections, must be treated before asthmatic symptoms can be completely controlled. […] Asthma causes children and adolescents to miss school and causes parents to miss days at work.

• #1 Asthma: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6424-asthma

  Asthma has multiple causes: […] Pediatric: Also called childhood asthma, this type of asthma often begins before the age of 5, and can occur in infants and toddlers. […] Researchers dont know why some people have asthma while others dont. But certain factors present a higher risk: […] Environmental factors: People can develop asthma after exposure to things that irritate the airways. These substances include allergens, toxins, fumes and second- or third-hand smoke. These can be especially harmful to infants and young children whose immune systems havent finished developing. […] Genetics: If your family has a history of asthma or allergic diseases, you have a higher risk of developing the disease. […] Respiratory infections: Certain respiratory infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), can damage young childrens developing lungs. […] No. Asthma cant be cured, but it can be managed. Children may outgrow asthma as they get older.

• #1 Asthma in Babies and Children – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-asthma/asthma-in-babies-and-children/

  We dont always know why a baby develops asthma but some causes can be: […] Family history of asthma, allergies or eczema (atopic dermatitis) […] Premature birth […] A viral infection (such as respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV), especially when the baby is less than 6 months old […] A mother who smokes during pregnancy. […] Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children and affects nearly 1 in 10 children. […] Tell your childs pediatrician if anyone in your family has asthma, allergies or atopic dermatitis. These conditions often run in families; if they run in yours, its more likely your child will have them. […] Children can develop asthma symptoms for a variety of reasons viruses, allergens and irritants are some of the causes. […] Asthma is rarely outgrown it often persists into adulthood. However, some parents see the symptoms of asthma go away as their child grows. This could be the result of the childs lungs growing larger or the immune system adapting over time. However, sensitivity to allergens as an asthma symptom trigger may still remain. And for many, symptoms often reappear years later.

• #1 Childhood Asthma: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/asthma/children-asthma

  Childhood asthma is the same lung disease that adults get, but kids often have different symptoms. […] If your child has asthma, their lungs and airways may get easily inflamed when they have a cold or are around things such as pollen. […] Common triggers include airway infections, allergens, irritants, exercise, and stress. […] Things that can make a child more likely to have asthma include nasal allergies, a family history of asthma or allergies, frequent respiratory infections, low birth weight, exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke, African-American or Puerto Rican descent, and being raised in a low-income environment. […] Experts believe that a child is more likely to be diagnosed with asthma by age 7 if they’ve had multiple wheezing episodes, have a mother with asthma, or have allergies. […] No, kids don’t outgrow asthma because asthma is a lifelong condition. Some kids may stop having symptoms when they become teens, but they generally still have asthma.

• #1 Asthma in Children | Asthma Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html

  Asthma often starts during childhood, usually before age 5. Many children have asthma – it is the most common chronic disease of childhood. It can cause children to miss school and end up in the hospital. But treatments can help manage asthma. […] The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and environment likely play a role in which children get asthma. […] Certain factors raise the risk of asthma in children: Being exposed to secondhand smoke when their mother is pregnant with them or when they are small children. Genetics and family history. Children are more likely to have asthma if one of their parents has it, especially if it’s the mother. Race or ethnicity. Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities. Having other diseases or conditions such as obesity and allergies. Often having viral respiratory infections as young children. Sex. In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens, it is more common in girls.

• #1 Study finds no evidence COVID-19 causes childhood asthma | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/study-finds-no-evidence-covid-19-causes-childhood-asthma

  A study today in Pediatrics says there is no evidence that COVID-19 infections lead to asthma in children. […] Instead of finding that COVID-19 infection raised the risk of childhood asthma, the researchers found that kids who were prone to developing asthma were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 during the 18-month study period. Known risk factors for asthma included race, food allergies, allergic rhinitis (or hay fever), and preterm birth. […] SARS-CoV-2 positivity on PCR had no significant effect on the hazard of new asthma diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 1.27). […] What did have an effect on asthma diagnosis was Black race (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.95), food allergy (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.55), and allergic rhinitis (hay fever; HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.93 to 2.74).

• #1 Study finds no evidence COVID-19 causes childhood asthma | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/study-finds-no-evidence-covid-19-causes-childhood-asthma

  SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity was not associated with a new asthma diagnosis using this stricter definition. However, Black race, atopic comorbidities, and age were again associated with new asthma diagnosis when using the secondary asthma definition. […] This well-powered study reaffirms risk factors we know contribute to asthma development and provides clinically useful information to pediatricians and providers on the absence of risk of developing asthma as a result of COVID-19.

• #1 Childhood Asthma – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/asthma/childhood-asthma

  Asthma is the most common lung condition in children. Childhood asthma is a long-term condition that causes the inner lining of the airway to become inflamed and swollen and to produce excess mucus. It is likely a combination of environmental and genetic (inherited) factors. Children are more likely to develop asthma if they: […] Have a close relative who has eczema or allergies. […] Are exposed to cigarette smoke (or if their mother was exposed to cigarette smoke when she was pregnant). […] Are exposed to other environmental pollutants. […] Live in a low-income and poorly resourced community – this might be partly because of damp, moldy housing, and pollution. […] Have a respiratory virus infection – at least half of children who need to go to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) later develop asthma. […] Had a low weight at birth. […] Are overweight or have other health problems.

• #2 Asthma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

  Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. […] Asthma is caused by a combination of complex and incompletely understood environmental and genetic interactions. These influence both its severity and its responsiveness to treatment. […] It is believed that the recent increased rates of asthma are due to changing epigenetics (heritable factors other than those related to the DNA sequence) and a changing living environment. […] Asthma that starts before the age of 12 years old is more likely due to genetic influence, while onset after age 12 is more likely due to environmental influence. […] Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma’s development and exacerbation, including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals.

• #2 Asthma: Types, causes, and diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323523

  Allergies develop when a person’s body becomes sensitized to a specific substance. Once the sensitization has developed, the person will be susceptible to an allergic reaction each time they come into contact with the substance. […] According to the ALA, a genetic component may play a role in whether an individual will develop asthma during their lifetime. […] A person who has one or both parents living with asthma is more likely than others to develop the condition.

• #2 Causes of Asthma | UI Health

  https://uicdss2.ingeniuxondemand.com/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/asthma/causes-of-asthma

  Although research has revealed much about asthma over recent decades, we still don’t really understand what causes the disease. […] Some pieces will be causes; some will be contributing factors; and some will be dead ends. […] One risk factor for asthma is a condition called atopy, which is essentially a predisposition to be allergic to things. The evidence is quite clear that heredity is partially responsible for a person having atopy. […] A large percentage probably about one-third of babies and young children will experience wheezing at some point, usually during a viral respiratory infection. […] The evidence is clear that air pollution can have a negative effect on the breathing of people who already have asthma. […] It is thought that exposure to cigarette smoke in childhood contributes both directly and indirectly to the development of asthma.

• #2 Asthma in Infants

  https://aafa.org/asthma/living-with-asthma/asthma-in-infants/

  We still do not know what causes some people to get asthma. If a child has a family history of asthma or allergies, a specific allergy, or had a mother who smoked during pregnancy, they have a higher chance of getting asthma early in life. […] A respiratory virus, an illness that occurs in the lungs, is one of the most common causes of asthma symptoms in children 5 years old and younger. […] At least half of children with asthma show some sign of it before the age of 5. Viruses are the most common cause of acute asthma episodes in infants 6 months old or younger.

• #2 Asthma: Types, causes, and diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323523

  Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. It can develop at any age, but it is slightly more common in children than in adults. […] According to the American Lung Association (ALA), some common triggers of childhood asthma include: respiratory infections and colds, cigarette smoke, including secondhand tobacco smoke, allergens, air pollutants, such as ozone and particle pollution, both indoors and outside, exposure to cold air, sudden changes in temperature, excitement, stress, and exercise. […] Health experts do not know exactly what causes asthma, but genetic and environmental factors both seem to play a significant role. […] According to a 2020 study, smoking during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of the fetus developing asthma later in life. […] According to a 2018 study, obesity is both a risk factor for and a disease modifier of asthma in both children and adults.

• #2 Childhood asthma: Causes, outlook, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/childhood-asthma

  Childhood asthma is a chronic lung condition that is common in children. Asthma can develop at any age, but most often begins in childhood. In 2019, research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that 7% of children in the U.S. had asthma. […] Researchers are still unsure on the exact cause of asthma, but both genetic and environmental factors seem to play a significant role. […] According to the American Lung Association (ALA), some common triggers of childhood asthma can include: allergens (environmental and food), respiratory infections and colds, cigarette smoke, including secondhand smoke, indoor and outdoor air pollutants, exposure to cold air or sudden changes in temperature, exercise, excitement and stress. […] The ALA also notes the following risk factors for developing childhood asthma: family history of asthma, respiratory infections during infancy and childhood such as RSV, allergies such as eczema or hay fever, having a parent that smoked during pregnancy, exposure to secondhand smoke, exposure to air pollution, particularly for those living in urban areas, obesity, exposure to certain chemicals. […] Researchers are unsure of the exact cause of asthma but environmental and genetic factors play a role.

• #2 Asthma in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6776-asthma-in-children

  Asthma can begin at any age, but it most often starts during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. Most children who get asthma have their first symptom by age 5. […] Researchers believe several factors may be leading to more and more children developing asthma. These factors include: Exposure to more allergens such as dust, air pollution and secondhand smoke. […] Researchers don’t know the exact cause of asthma, but it often develops during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. Many factors may affect how your child’s lungs develop or how their body fights germs. These include: Genetics: Biological family history, such as a parent who has asthma. […] There are many risk factors for developing childhood asthma. These include: Allergies. Family history of asthma and/or allergies. Frequent respiratory infections as a young child.

• #2 Asthma in Children | Asthma Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html

  Asthma often starts during childhood, usually before age 5. Many children have asthma – it is the most common chronic disease of childhood. It can cause children to miss school and end up in the hospital. But treatments can help manage asthma. […] The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and environment likely play a role in which children get asthma. […] Certain factors raise the risk of asthma in children: Being exposed to secondhand smoke when their mother is pregnant with them or when they are small children. Genetics and family history. Children are more likely to have asthma if one of their parents has it, especially if it’s the mother. Race or ethnicity. Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities. Having other diseases or conditions such as obesity and allergies. Often having viral respiratory infections as young children. Sex. In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens, it is more common in girls.

• #2 Pediatric Asthma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-overview

  In patients with asthma, 2 types of bronchoconstrictor responses to allergens are recognized: early and late. Early asthmatic responses occur via IgE-induced mediator release from mast cells within minutes of exposure and last for 20-30 minutes. […] Late asthmatic responses occur 4-12 hours after antigen exposure and result in more severe symptoms that can last for hours and contribute to the duration and severity of the disease. Inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory mediators play a role in the late asthmatic response. Allergens can be foods, household inhalants (eg, animal allergens, molds, fungi, roach allergens, dust mites), or seasonal outdoor allergens (eg, mold spores, pollens, grass, trees). […] Tobacco smoke, cold air, chemicals, perfumes, paint odors, hair sprays, air pollutants, and ozone can initiate BHR by inducing inflammation.

• #2 The 10 Most Common Causes of Asthma in Children | Becker ENT

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/10-causes-of-asthma-in-children

  Asthma is a prevalent condition among children, causing difficulty in breathing and limiting daily activities. […] Understanding the causes and triggers of childhood asthma is crucial for prevention and effective treatment. […] Genetic factors can play a significant role in a child’s risk of developing asthma. […] Environmental allergens, such as dust and mold, are common asthma triggers. […] Secondhand smoke and air pollution can exacerbate asthma symptoms in children. […] A family history of asthma or other allergic conditions, such as eczema or hay fever, can increase a child’s likelihood of developing asthma. […] Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and mold are among the most common asthma triggers. […] Many kids are sensitive to the proteins found in pet dander, saliva, and urine.

• #2 Asthma | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/centers/columbia-center-childrens-environmental-health/our-research/health-effects/asthma

  Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that causes difficulty breathing, and occurs most commonly in people who become sensitized to certain allergens in our environment. […] These exposures also may contribute to the early development of the disease. […] Childhood asthma in these communities is responsible for a large portion of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. […] This research is shedding light on why children in urban areas suffer higher rates of asthma than non-urban children do, and how environmental toxicants contribute to the prevalence of this disease. […] High cockroach and mouse allergen levels are significantly associated with asthma prevalence among children and adults. […] Developing antibodies to cockroach and mouse proteins is associated with a greater risk for wheeze, hay fever, and eczema in preschool urban children as young as three years of age.

• #2 Child Asthma | Allergist in Orlando, Altamonte Springs And Dr. Phillips FL | Total Allergy and Asthma

  https://www.totalallergyandasthma.com/child-asthma

  Childhood asthma occurs when a childs airways become inflamed in response to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, or respiratory infections. This inflammation causes the airways to narrow, making it harder for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may vary from day to day. Although asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with the right treatment. […] The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development: […] Children with a family history of asthma, allergies, or other respiratory conditions are more likely to develop asthma. Genetics play a significant role in the likelihood of asthma developing in a child. […] Many children with asthma also have allergies. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, mold, and cockroach droppings. Allergic asthma can trigger asthma attacks when a child is exposed to allergens.

• #2 Childhood Asthma | Symptoms & Treatment | ELF

  https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/lung-conditions/childhood-asthma/

  Asthma results from an interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors. […] Exposure to smoking, either through a mother who smokes during pregnancy or once a baby is born, is known to increase the risk of asthma and poor lung function throughout childhood. […] Respiratory virus infections during childhood can lead to the development of asthma or acute asthma attacks. 50 60% of children who are hospitalised for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) later develop asthma. 65% of all asthma attacks in school children are due to rhinovirus infection. […] Allergens such as house dust mites and animal hair can also contribute to the development of asthma. Approximately 60% of school-age children have allergies, particularly to animal dander, house dust mites and moulds, as well as plant pollens. […] Asthma and allergies have strong links with the genes inherited from parents. […] Environmental exposure can cause changes in genes. These changes may then be inherited by the next generations and increase the risk of asthma development (epigenetic mechanisms).

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/asthma-triggers-and-what-to-do-about-them.aspx

  Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children worldwide. About one out of every 10 U.S. children has asthma. […] There is no cure for asthma, but there are ways to control it. If your child has asthma, it is likely that one of the 9 things listed here may cause it to flare up. These are called asthma triggers. […] Children who have an asthma flare caused by one of these viruses also have a harder time managing symptoms with their usual treatment. This is called treatment failure, and is often linked to hospitalization, emergency room visits or relapse. […] Pollutants can irritate the lungs and increase airway inflammation. Tobacco smoke is especially damaging to the lungs and can trigger asthma flares. Children who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have more wheezing, more severe asthma and longer lasting symptoms.

• #2 The 10 Most Common Causes of Asthma in Children | Becker ENT

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/10-causes-of-asthma-in-children

  Colds, flu, and other respiratory infections can lead to inflammation in the airways, triggering or worsening asthma symptoms. […] Exposure to tobacco smoke, even indirectly, is a significant risk factor for asthma in children. […] Sudden changes in weather, especially cold air, can irritate the airways and aggravate asthma symptoms. […] While exercise-induced asthma is common, it should not prohibit physical activity. […] Perfumes, cleaning agents, and other strong odors can irritate sensitive airways and lead to asthma attacks. […] Emotional stress and anxiety can trigger asthma symptoms or worsen existing conditions. […] Pollutants such as car exhaust, industrial emissions, and indoor pollutants can exacerbate asthma. […] Factors such as increased pollution, changes in lifestyle, and heightened awareness and diagnosis contribute to the rising prevalence of asthma in children.

• #3 Who Gets Asthma?

  https://www.asthmafoundation.org.nz/your-health/living-with-asthma/who-gets-asthma

  Asthma can be allergic or non-allergic depending on the triggers. Allergic asthma is triggered by allergens like dust mites, pollen, animal dander or mould. Non-allergic asthma can be triggered by other causes like air temperature, stress or cold and flu viruses. […] A child whose parents or other close relatives already have asthma or allergies has a higher chance of developing these conditions. The chance is increased if both parents are affected. […] While we dont know the exact cause of asthma, we do know that asthma is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

• #3 Asthma in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6776-asthma-in-children

  Asthma can begin at any age, but it most often starts during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. Most children who get asthma have their first symptom by age 5. […] Researchers believe several factors may be leading to more and more children developing asthma. These factors include: Exposure to more allergens such as dust, air pollution and secondhand smoke. […] Researchers don’t know the exact cause of asthma, but it often develops during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. Many factors may affect how your child’s lungs develop or how their body fights germs. These include: Genetics: Biological family history, such as a parent who has asthma. […] There are many risk factors for developing childhood asthma. These include: Allergies. Family history of asthma and/or allergies. Frequent respiratory infections as a young child.

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