Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Asthma in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6776-asthma-in-children

  Asthma can begin at any age, but it most often starts during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. […] It’s important to have an asthma treatment plan to help manage your child’s condition. […] Although childhood asthma isn’t preventable, there are some steps you can take to lower your child’s risk of developing it. These steps include: Keeping your home free of mold and dampness. Avoiding air pollution as much as possible. Helping your child maintain a healthy weight. […] There’s no cure for asthma. But most children can manage their asthma with appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Untreated asthma can lead to long-term complications such as permanent lung damage.

• #2 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Our pediatric asthma program helps kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active, and manage their asthma. […] While there is no cure for asthma, it can be controlled. […] Working with parents, we help kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active and manage their asthma throughout their childhood. […] Here are some of the best ways to do that: […] Avoid triggers. Steer clear of irritants that make asthma symptoms worse. Common triggers include environmental allergies, animal dander, mold, or strong smells including cooking spices or cleaning products. […] Avoid smoke and vape exposure. Secondhand smoke and vape chemicals are the most common irritants for people with asthma. Both can lead to permanent lung damage. […] Control dust and mold in the home, especially your child’s bedroom. Cover their mattress and pillows with protective dust-mite-proof covers. Wash blankets and stuffed animals in hot water once per week. Vacuum frequently and remove carpeting and rugs in bedroom if possible.

• #3 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  Future research should focus on improving the effectiveness of education on home asthma triggers, and understanding long-term children’s health effects of the interventions that have proven effective in reducing asthma triggers. […] Fortunately, many of the interventions to reduce asthma triggers in home environments are relatively simple. Recently, a 7-year follow-up of a Canadian birth cohort has confirmed previous suggestions that simple environmental interventions directed at the hazards noted above can prevent asthma in high-risk children. […] Many studies have assessed the effectiveness of individual or comprehensive strategies to reduce asthma triggers in homes, with subsequent improvement in children’s health. […] In total, these mechanical interventions to improve home environments have largely proven successful in reducing asthma triggers—house dust mite, cat and dog allergens, and dampness—significantly in the home. In many cases, this has led to documented improvements in children’s respiratory health.

• #4 A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/5/581

  Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition affecting millions of children globally, presents a significant health challenge. This review critically examines the developmental pathways of asthma in children, focusing on genetic, environmental, and early-life determinants. […] Moreover, we emphasize targeted strategies and interventions to mitigate its burden, including genetic counseling for at-risk families, environmental modifications to reduce triggers, and early-life immunomodulation. […] By taking a comprehensive look at the development of asthma in children, we can work towards a better understanding of its origins and potential strategies for prevention and management. […] Understanding the genetic basis of childhood asthma has practical implications for both prevention and treatment. Identifying individuals with a heightened genetic risk can enable targeted interventions, such as environmental modifications to reduce exposure to known triggers.

• #5

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. […] Avoiding asthma triggers can also help to reduce asthma symptoms. […] Events in early life affect the developing lungs and can increase the risk of asthma. These include low birth weight, prematurity, exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of air pollution, as well as viral respiratory infections. […] Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of asthma and disease management. […] It is important for people with asthma to know how to increase their treatment when their symptoms are worsening to avoid a serious attack. […] The WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) was developed to help improve NCD management in primary health care in low-resource settings. PEN includes protocols for the assessment, diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and modules on healthy lifestyle counselling, including tobacco cessation and self-care.

• #6 A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/5/581

  These strategies focus on modifying environmental, dietary, and immune factors that contribute to the disease’s development and severity. […] Overall, the goal of genetic counseling in the context of asthma is to empower individuals and families to take proactive steps to mitigate the risk of asthma development or exacerbations. […] Implementing these preventive measures in children identified as high risk through genetic screening can help manage or potentially reduce the impact of asthma. […] A comprehensive understanding of the multifactorial nature of asthma development in children opens avenues for targeted preventive measures and interventions. […] Early-life influences, including prenatal and postnatal factors, play a critical role in shaping the risk of childhood asthma. […] The impact of environmental factors on asthma onset in children is multifaceted, encompassing various elements that interact in complex ways.

• #7

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. […] Avoiding asthma triggers can also help to reduce asthma symptoms. […] Events in early life affect the developing lungs and can increase the risk of asthma. These include low birth weight, prematurity, exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of air pollution, as well as viral respiratory infections. […] Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of asthma and disease management. […] It is important for people with asthma to know how to increase their treatment when their symptoms are worsening to avoid a serious attack. […] The WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) was developed to help improve NCD management in primary health care in low-resource settings. PEN includes protocols for the assessment, diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and modules on healthy lifestyle counselling, including tobacco cessation and self-care.

• #8 Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children

  Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in ChildrenIt has long been known that allergies and asthma tend to run in families, making children where one or both parents have an allergic disease more likely to develop these conditions. Fortunately, there are steps that may delay or possibly prevent allergies or asthma from developing. […] Breast-feeding exclusively for the first four to six months, or using a hypoallergenic formula, may strengthen the immune system while delaying or preventing atopic dermatitis and milk allergy. […] Reducing exposure to some allergens, such as dust mites, may delay or prevent allergy or asthma symptoms. Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after birth increases your infant’s risk of developing wheezing and asthma.

• #9 Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children

  Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in ChildrenIt has long been known that allergies and asthma tend to run in families, making children where one or both parents have an allergic disease more likely to develop these conditions. Fortunately, there are steps that may delay or possibly prevent allergies or asthma from developing. […] Breast-feeding exclusively for the first four to six months, or using a hypoallergenic formula, may strengthen the immune system while delaying or preventing atopic dermatitis and milk allergy. […] Reducing exposure to some allergens, such as dust mites, may delay or prevent allergy or asthma symptoms. Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after birth increases your infant’s risk of developing wheezing and asthma.

• #10 Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children

  Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in ChildrenIt has long been known that allergies and asthma tend to run in families, making children where one or both parents have an allergic disease more likely to develop these conditions. Fortunately, there are steps that may delay or possibly prevent allergies or asthma from developing. […] Breast-feeding exclusively for the first four to six months, or using a hypoallergenic formula, may strengthen the immune system while delaying or preventing atopic dermatitis and milk allergy. […] Reducing exposure to some allergens, such as dust mites, may delay or prevent allergy or asthma symptoms. Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after birth increases your infant’s risk of developing wheezing and asthma.

• #11

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma

  Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. […] Avoiding asthma triggers can also help to reduce asthma symptoms. […] Events in early life affect the developing lungs and can increase the risk of asthma. These include low birth weight, prematurity, exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of air pollution, as well as viral respiratory infections. […] Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of asthma and disease management. […] It is important for people with asthma to know how to increase their treatment when their symptoms are worsening to avoid a serious attack. […] The WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) was developed to help improve NCD management in primary health care in low-resource settings. PEN includes protocols for the assessment, diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and modules on healthy lifestyle counselling, including tobacco cessation and self-care.

• #12 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Recognize the warning signs of attacks. Know what to do in an emergency, and help your child learn to describe how they are feeling. […] Inform teachers, friends, and family. Make sure everyone in your child’s circle is aware of their condition, signs to look for, how to manage their medication, and knows when to call 911. […] Keeping a healthy body weight can reduce your child’s asthma risk. […] There is a documented link between childhood asthma and obesity, with research showing that the risk of asthma increases by 20% in children who are overweight. […] Most kids with asthma can safely participate in sports and exercise. […] Talk with your provider to come up with a plan that allows your child to be active. […] If your child is struggling with asthma or allergy symptoms, talk with a pediatric pulmonologist or allergist about allergy and lung function testing.

• #13 Asthma in Children: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6776-asthma-in-children

  Asthma can begin at any age, but it most often starts during childhood when your child’s immune system is still developing. […] It’s important to have an asthma treatment plan to help manage your child’s condition. […] Although childhood asthma isn’t preventable, there are some steps you can take to lower your child’s risk of developing it. These steps include: Keeping your home free of mold and dampness. Avoiding air pollution as much as possible. Helping your child maintain a healthy weight. […] There’s no cure for asthma. But most children can manage their asthma with appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Untreated asthma can lead to long-term complications such as permanent lung damage.

• #14 Childhood Asthma: Treatment Update | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0515/p1959.html

  The goal of asthma therapy is to control symptoms, optimize lung function, and minimize days lost from school. […] Inhaled corticosteroids are the agent of choice in preventive care, but leukotriene inhibitors and nedocromil also can be used as prophylactic therapy. […] Education programs for caregivers and self-management training for children with asthma improve outcomes. […] Recent data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that early use of some antihistamines or immunotherapy may reduce the number of children who progress from rhinoconjunctivitis to asthma. […] Oral corticosteroids given early during an acute asthma exacerbation (i.e., within 45 minutes of the onset of symptoms) reduce the likelihood of hospital admission. […] Inhaled corticosteroids are a standard part of maintenance therapy for asthma.

• #15 Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children

  Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in ChildrenIt has long been known that allergies and asthma tend to run in families, making children where one or both parents have an allergic disease more likely to develop these conditions. Fortunately, there are steps that may delay or possibly prevent allergies or asthma from developing. […] Breast-feeding exclusively for the first four to six months, or using a hypoallergenic formula, may strengthen the immune system while delaying or preventing atopic dermatitis and milk allergy. […] Reducing exposure to some allergens, such as dust mites, may delay or prevent allergy or asthma symptoms. Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after birth increases your infant’s risk of developing wheezing and asthma.

• #16 Could we prevent asthma in young allergic children? – Boston Children’s Answers

  https://answers.childrenshospital.org/preventing-asthma/

  Researchers are exploring whether giving Xolair to young children with allergic conditions could halt the “march” toward asthma. […] Could blocking IgE halt this chain of events? […] The randomized, double-blind study, called Preventing Asthma in High Risk Kids (PARK), enrolled 200 wheezy 2- and 3-year-olds at risk for asthma. […] Now, with a five-year grant from the NIH, the team is following up with these children, now ages 6 and 7, to see if Xolair treatment prevented asthma. […] “We want to understand how and why children respond to early interruption of the immune processes in the asthma march,” Phipatanakul says. […] Molecular differences between children who do and don’t respond to Xolair could provide biomarkers useful in guiding anti-IgE treatment, she adds. […] “We expect to get insights on who will respond or not respond,” she says. “And regardless of outcomes, this study will help us understand why some people go on to develop asthma and some don’t.”

• #17 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines highlight the importance of treating impairment and risk domains of asthma. […] Reduction in risk can be achieved by preventing recurrent exacerbations of asthma and minimizing the need for emergency room visits and hospitalizations, and preventing progressive loss of lung function. For children, preventing reduced lung growth and providing optimal pharmacotherapy with minimal or no adverse effects is important. […] The goal of long-term therapy is to prevent acute exacerbations. The patient should avoid exposure to environmental allergens and irritants that are identified during the evaluation. […] The current guidelines emphasize 4 important components of asthma care, as follows: Assessment and monitoring, Education, Control of environmental factors and comorbid conditions, Pharmacologic treatment.

• #18 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Our pediatric asthma program helps kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active, and manage their asthma. […] While there is no cure for asthma, it can be controlled. […] Working with parents, we help kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active and manage their asthma throughout their childhood. […] Here are some of the best ways to do that: […] Avoid triggers. Steer clear of irritants that make asthma symptoms worse. Common triggers include environmental allergies, animal dander, mold, or strong smells including cooking spices or cleaning products. […] Avoid smoke and vape exposure. Secondhand smoke and vape chemicals are the most common irritants for people with asthma. Both can lead to permanent lung damage. […] Control dust and mold in the home, especially your child’s bedroom. Cover their mattress and pillows with protective dust-mite-proof covers. Wash blankets and stuffed animals in hot water once per week. Vacuum frequently and remove carpeting and rugs in bedroom if possible.

• #19 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  Contaminants encountered in many households, such as environmental tobacco smoke, house dust mite, cockroach, cat and dog dander, and mold, are risk factors in asthma. Young children are a particularly vulnerable subpopulation for environmentally mediated asthma, and the economic burden associated with this disease is substantial. Certain mechanical interventions are effective both in reducing allergen loads in the home and in improving asthmatic children’s respiratory health. […] Combinations of interventions including the use of dust mite-impermeable bedding covers, improved cleaning practices, high-efficiency particulate air vacuum cleaners, mechanical ventilation, and parental education are associated with both asthma trigger reduction and improved health outcomes for asthmatic children.

• #20 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Our pediatric asthma program helps kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active, and manage their asthma. […] While there is no cure for asthma, it can be controlled. […] Working with parents, we help kids avoid triggers, maintain a healthy body weight, stay active and manage their asthma throughout their childhood. […] Here are some of the best ways to do that: […] Avoid triggers. Steer clear of irritants that make asthma symptoms worse. Common triggers include environmental allergies, animal dander, mold, or strong smells including cooking spices or cleaning products. […] Avoid smoke and vape exposure. Secondhand smoke and vape chemicals are the most common irritants for people with asthma. Both can lead to permanent lung damage. […] Control dust and mold in the home, especially your child’s bedroom. Cover their mattress and pillows with protective dust-mite-proof covers. Wash blankets and stuffed animals in hot water once per week. Vacuum frequently and remove carpeting and rugs in bedroom if possible.

• #21 Treating asthma in children under 5

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/art-20044376

  Work with your child’s healthcare team to learn what things trigger your child’s asthma attacks. Then help your little one stay away from these triggers as much as possible. You may need to make changes at home and other places your child often goes, such as child care centers. Depending on your child’s triggers, you may need to make changes such as: Clean thoroughly to control dust and pet dander. Check daily pollen count reports. Remove cleaning products or other household products that may irritate your child’s airways. Give your child allergy medicine as directed by the healthcare team.

• #22 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  Contaminants encountered in many households, such as environmental tobacco smoke, house dust mite, cockroach, cat and dog dander, and mold, are risk factors in asthma. Young children are a particularly vulnerable subpopulation for environmentally mediated asthma, and the economic burden associated with this disease is substantial. Certain mechanical interventions are effective both in reducing allergen loads in the home and in improving asthmatic children’s respiratory health. […] Combinations of interventions including the use of dust mite-impermeable bedding covers, improved cleaning practices, high-efficiency particulate air vacuum cleaners, mechanical ventilation, and parental education are associated with both asthma trigger reduction and improved health outcomes for asthmatic children.

• #23 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Allergy treatment and testing. Not all kids with allergies have asthma, but allergies are common in those with asthma and can trigger attacks. Talk with a pediatrician about safe allergy remedies. If there’s no improvement, a pediatric allergist can pinpoint your child’s allergies and provide a treatment plan, which might include testing and immunotherapy. […] Have a written asthma action plan. Your child’s provider can discuss instructions on how to best manage your child’s asthma and provide a written plan to follow. […] Take your controller medications regularly. Inhaled corticosteroids and other control medicines can prevent asthma attacks. Continue to give them as recommended even when your child is doing well and not ill. […] Carry your child’s rescue medications. Rescue inhalers or nebulizers such as albuterol can give quick relief of symptoms. Have them readily on hand and carry along with spacer and/or nebulizer.

• #24 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  As mentioned above, environmental exposures and irritants can play a strong role in symptom exacerbations. Therefore, in patients who have persistent asthma, the use of skin testing or in vitro testing to assess sensitivity to perennial indoor allergens is important. Once the offending allergens are identified, counsel patients on avoidance from these exposures. […] Based upon reports of an inverse correlation between low vitamin D levels and asthma control, vitamin D supplementation in children might enhance corticosteroid responses, control atopy, and improve asthma control. […] In children, long-term use of high-dose steroids (systemic or inhaled) may lead to adverse effects, including growth failure. Recent data from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) study and results of the long-term use of inhaled steroids (budesonide) suggest that the long-term use of inhaled steroids has no sustained adverse effect on growth in children.

• #25 Childhood Asthma: Treatment Update | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0515/p1959.html

  Studies have shown that, as a single agent, inhaled corticosteroids in a medium dosage are more effective than inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists, inhaled nedocromil (Tilade), and leukotriene inhibitors in improving asthma symptoms and lung function in children with mild to moderate asthma. […] Immunotherapy can be used as an adjunct to standard drug therapy in allergic asthmatic children. […] Educating parents and caregivers of children with asthma to recognize and avoid triggers, and to understand the use of prescribed medications, the proper use of inhalation devices, and the importance of compliance and monitoring, has been shown to improve lung function and decrease school absenteeism and visits to the emergency department. […] Environmental controls such as removal of carpeting in the child’s bedroom, and the use of pillow and mattress covers and air filtration systems have been suggested as ways to reduce asthma symptoms.

• #26 Asthma in primary school-aged children (6-11 years)

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Asthma_in_primary_school-aged_children_(6-11_years)/

  This guideline provides advice for assessment and ongoing management of primary school aged children with asthma. […] First-line preventer treatment for most school-age children is low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). […] Additional management includes regular asthma education, reviewing inhaler technique, assessment of contributing factors and annual influenza vaccine. […] Education: Assess knowledge and understanding and address gaps on symptom recognition and management, when to seek medical attention, emergency management, role of reliever and preventer treatment, inhaler technique. […] Recommend annual influenza vaccine. […] All children should have a written action plan for at home and childcare. […] For children who are nearing adolescence (ie 10-11 years old) and having difficulty with their asthma control, it is worth considering ICS-formoterol MART.

• #27 Childhood Asthma: Treatment Update | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0515/p1959.html

  The goal of asthma therapy is to control symptoms, optimize lung function, and minimize days lost from school. […] Inhaled corticosteroids are the agent of choice in preventive care, but leukotriene inhibitors and nedocromil also can be used as prophylactic therapy. […] Education programs for caregivers and self-management training for children with asthma improve outcomes. […] Recent data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that early use of some antihistamines or immunotherapy may reduce the number of children who progress from rhinoconjunctivitis to asthma. […] Oral corticosteroids given early during an acute asthma exacerbation (i.e., within 45 minutes of the onset of symptoms) reduce the likelihood of hospital admission. […] Inhaled corticosteroids are a standard part of maintenance therapy for asthma.

• #28 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  A randomized trial of omalizumab for asthma in inner-city children showed improved asthma control, elimination of seasonal peaks in asthmatic exacerbations, and reduced need for other medications for asthma control. […] Additional monoclonal antibodies have been approved for children, but unlike omalizumab, they target various interleukin (IL) subtypes. […] In pediatric asthma, inhaled treatment is the cornerstone of asthma management. […] Regular follow-up visits are essential to ensure control and appropriate therapeutic adjustments. […] Long-term asthma care pathways that incorporate the aforementioned factors can serve as roadmaps for ambulatory asthma care and help streamline outpatient care by different providers. […] In a study of 13,506 children with asthma who underwent adenotonsillectomy and 27,012 matched controls with asthma who did not undergo adenotonsillectomy, Bhattacharjee et al found that those who had the procedure showed significant improvement on several measures of asthma disease severity, including acute asthma exacerbations and acute status asthmaticus.

• #29 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  A randomized trial of omalizumab for asthma in inner-city children showed improved asthma control, elimination of seasonal peaks in asthmatic exacerbations, and reduced need for other medications for asthma control. […] Additional monoclonal antibodies have been approved for children, but unlike omalizumab, they target various interleukin (IL) subtypes. […] In pediatric asthma, inhaled treatment is the cornerstone of asthma management. […] Regular follow-up visits are essential to ensure control and appropriate therapeutic adjustments. […] Long-term asthma care pathways that incorporate the aforementioned factors can serve as roadmaps for ambulatory asthma care and help streamline outpatient care by different providers. […] In a study of 13,506 children with asthma who underwent adenotonsillectomy and 27,012 matched controls with asthma who did not undergo adenotonsillectomy, Bhattacharjee et al found that those who had the procedure showed significant improvement on several measures of asthma disease severity, including acute asthma exacerbations and acute status asthmaticus.

• #30 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  As mentioned above, environmental exposures and irritants can play a strong role in symptom exacerbations. Therefore, in patients who have persistent asthma, the use of skin testing or in vitro testing to assess sensitivity to perennial indoor allergens is important. Once the offending allergens are identified, counsel patients on avoidance from these exposures. […] Based upon reports of an inverse correlation between low vitamin D levels and asthma control, vitamin D supplementation in children might enhance corticosteroid responses, control atopy, and improve asthma control. […] In children, long-term use of high-dose steroids (systemic or inhaled) may lead to adverse effects, including growth failure. Recent data from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) study and results of the long-term use of inhaled steroids (budesonide) suggest that the long-term use of inhaled steroids has no sustained adverse effect on growth in children.

• #31 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Allergy treatment and testing. Not all kids with allergies have asthma, but allergies are common in those with asthma and can trigger attacks. Talk with a pediatrician about safe allergy remedies. If there’s no improvement, a pediatric allergist can pinpoint your child’s allergies and provide a treatment plan, which might include testing and immunotherapy. […] Have a written asthma action plan. Your child’s provider can discuss instructions on how to best manage your child’s asthma and provide a written plan to follow. […] Take your controller medications regularly. Inhaled corticosteroids and other control medicines can prevent asthma attacks. Continue to give them as recommended even when your child is doing well and not ill. […] Carry your child’s rescue medications. Rescue inhalers or nebulizers such as albuterol can give quick relief of symptoms. Have them readily on hand and carry along with spacer and/or nebulizer.

• #32 Global Initiative for Asthma – Global Initiative for Asthma – GINA

  https://ginasthma.org/

  The GINA global strategy for asthma management and prevention is presented in its strategy documents, which are freely available on the GINA Website. […] We work with health care professionals, patient representatives, and public health officials around the world to reduce asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. […] Through resources such as evidence-based strategy documents for asthma management, and events such as the annual celebration of World Asthma Day, GINA is working to improve the lives of people with asthma in every corner of the globe. […] GINA emphasizes the need to ensure that people with asthma can access inhaled medications that are essential both for controlling the underlying disease and treating attacks. […] Inhaled corticosteroid-containing medications prevent asthma attacks by treating the underlying inflammation that causes asthma.

• #33 Childhood Asthma: Treatment Update | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0515/p1959.html

  Studies have shown that, as a single agent, inhaled corticosteroids in a medium dosage are more effective than inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists, inhaled nedocromil (Tilade), and leukotriene inhibitors in improving asthma symptoms and lung function in children with mild to moderate asthma. […] Immunotherapy can be used as an adjunct to standard drug therapy in allergic asthmatic children. […] Educating parents and caregivers of children with asthma to recognize and avoid triggers, and to understand the use of prescribed medications, the proper use of inhalation devices, and the importance of compliance and monitoring, has been shown to improve lung function and decrease school absenteeism and visits to the emergency department. […] Environmental controls such as removal of carpeting in the child’s bedroom, and the use of pillow and mattress covers and air filtration systems have been suggested as ways to reduce asthma symptoms.

• #34 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Allergy treatment and testing. Not all kids with allergies have asthma, but allergies are common in those with asthma and can trigger attacks. Talk with a pediatrician about safe allergy remedies. If there’s no improvement, a pediatric allergist can pinpoint your child’s allergies and provide a treatment plan, which might include testing and immunotherapy. […] Have a written asthma action plan. Your child’s provider can discuss instructions on how to best manage your child’s asthma and provide a written plan to follow. […] Take your controller medications regularly. Inhaled corticosteroids and other control medicines can prevent asthma attacks. Continue to give them as recommended even when your child is doing well and not ill. […] Carry your child’s rescue medications. Rescue inhalers or nebulizers such as albuterol can give quick relief of symptoms. Have them readily on hand and carry along with spacer and/or nebulizer.

• #35 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Allergy treatment and testing. Not all kids with allergies have asthma, but allergies are common in those with asthma and can trigger attacks. Talk with a pediatrician about safe allergy remedies. If there’s no improvement, a pediatric allergist can pinpoint your child’s allergies and provide a treatment plan, which might include testing and immunotherapy. […] Have a written asthma action plan. Your child’s provider can discuss instructions on how to best manage your child’s asthma and provide a written plan to follow. […] Take your controller medications regularly. Inhaled corticosteroids and other control medicines can prevent asthma attacks. Continue to give them as recommended even when your child is doing well and not ill. […] Carry your child’s rescue medications. Rescue inhalers or nebulizers such as albuterol can give quick relief of symptoms. Have them readily on hand and carry along with spacer and/or nebulizer.

• #36 Asthma Action Plan for Children

  https://www.webmd.com/asthma/make-an-asthma-action-plan-child

  There are two main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications (rescue medications) and long-term preventive drugs (controller medications). […] When you follow the first three steps of asthma control, your child will have fewer asthma symptoms and flare-ups. […] Your doctor should provide a written step-by-step plan outlining exactly what to do on a daily basis to prevent a flare-up, what to do if your child has a flare-up and what actions to take before exercise to prevent a flare up. […] Review the plan with your child’s doctor at least once every 6 months. […] Your action plan won’t „cure” your child’s asthma, but it can make a huge difference in how well they keep it under control. These simple rules can give you peace of mind when breathing problems flare.

• #37 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Recognize the warning signs of attacks. Know what to do in an emergency, and help your child learn to describe how they are feeling. […] Inform teachers, friends, and family. Make sure everyone in your child’s circle is aware of their condition, signs to look for, how to manage their medication, and knows when to call 911. […] Keeping a healthy body weight can reduce your child’s asthma risk. […] There is a documented link between childhood asthma and obesity, with research showing that the risk of asthma increases by 20% in children who are overweight. […] Most kids with asthma can safely participate in sports and exercise. […] Talk with your provider to come up with a plan that allows your child to be active. […] If your child is struggling with asthma or allergy symptoms, talk with a pediatric pulmonologist or allergist about allergy and lung function testing.

• #38 Asthma in primary school-aged children (6-11 years)

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Asthma_in_primary_school-aged_children_(6-11_years)/

  This guideline provides advice for assessment and ongoing management of primary school aged children with asthma. […] First-line preventer treatment for most school-age children is low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). […] Additional management includes regular asthma education, reviewing inhaler technique, assessment of contributing factors and annual influenza vaccine. […] Education: Assess knowledge and understanding and address gaps on symptom recognition and management, when to seek medical attention, emergency management, role of reliever and preventer treatment, inhaler technique. […] Recommend annual influenza vaccine. […] All children should have a written action plan for at home and childcare. […] For children who are nearing adolescence (ie 10-11 years old) and having difficulty with their asthma control, it is worth considering ICS-formoterol MART.

• #39 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Recognize the warning signs of attacks. Know what to do in an emergency, and help your child learn to describe how they are feeling. […] Inform teachers, friends, and family. Make sure everyone in your child’s circle is aware of their condition, signs to look for, how to manage their medication, and knows when to call 911. […] Keeping a healthy body weight can reduce your child’s asthma risk. […] There is a documented link between childhood asthma and obesity, with research showing that the risk of asthma increases by 20% in children who are overweight. […] Most kids with asthma can safely participate in sports and exercise. […] Talk with your provider to come up with a plan that allows your child to be active. […] If your child is struggling with asthma or allergy symptoms, talk with a pediatric pulmonologist or allergist about allergy and lung function testing.

• #40 Open Airways for Schools | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/health-professionals-educators/open-airways-for-schools

  Children ages 8 to 11 can learn how to better manage their own asthma when they participate in the American Lung Association’s award-winning Open Airways For Schools program (OAS). […] The American Lung Association, federal agencies and other asthma experts all recognize that asthma self-management education is an important part of improving asthma morbidity and mortality among children with asthma. Furthermore, the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends school-based asthma self-management interventions to reduce hospitalizations and emergency room visits among children and adolescents with asthma. […] Open Airways for Schools (OAS) is a program that educates and empowers children ages 8 to 11 through a fun and interactive approach to asthma self-management. […] The program has been recommended by the National Association of School Nurses and honored with a Health Education Research Award from the NAEPP. The CDC recognizes the program as very effective for childhood asthma management.

• #41 Open Airways for Schools | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/health-professionals-educators/open-airways-for-schools

  OAS has been evaluated and proven effective. Evaluation studies done by different researchers over the years all show that children who participate in OAS: Have fewer and less severe asthma flare-ups. […] The American Lung Association offers a robust training experience and all the materials that adults or organizations need to facilitate OAS.

• #42 Open Airways for Schools | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/health-professionals-educators/open-airways-for-schools

  Children ages 8 to 11 can learn how to better manage their own asthma when they participate in the American Lung Association’s award-winning Open Airways For Schools program (OAS). […] The American Lung Association, federal agencies and other asthma experts all recognize that asthma self-management education is an important part of improving asthma morbidity and mortality among children with asthma. Furthermore, the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends school-based asthma self-management interventions to reduce hospitalizations and emergency room visits among children and adolescents with asthma. […] Open Airways for Schools (OAS) is a program that educates and empowers children ages 8 to 11 through a fun and interactive approach to asthma self-management. […] The program has been recommended by the National Association of School Nurses and honored with a Health Education Research Award from the NAEPP. The CDC recognizes the program as very effective for childhood asthma management.

• #43 Open Airways for Schools | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/health-professionals-educators/open-airways-for-schools

  OAS has been evaluated and proven effective. Evaluation studies done by different researchers over the years all show that children who participate in OAS: Have fewer and less severe asthma flare-ups. […] The American Lung Association offers a robust training experience and all the materials that adults or organizations need to facilitate OAS.

• #44

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Caring-for-Children-with-Asthma-During-COVID-19.aspx

  Help your child follow their asthma management plan and take their controller medications as prescribed. Know when to step up care and when to call your pediatrician or asthma care provider. In addition, there are other steps you can take: […] Get vaccinated. It is especially important for children and teens with asthma to be up-to-date on immunizations. Vaccines keep the immune system primed and ready when respiratory viruses spread. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV. But everyone ages 6 months and up should get vaccines for COVID-19 and the flu, along with other routine immunizations. […] Use good hand hygiene other basics. Handwashing is a simple but powerful way to help prevent the spread of germs. Wearing a face mask and avoiding crowded spaces, especially indoors, is also an effective way to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses.

• #45

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Caring-for-Children-with-Asthma-During-COVID-19.aspx

  Help your child follow their asthma management plan and take their controller medications as prescribed. Know when to step up care and when to call your pediatrician or asthma care provider. In addition, there are other steps you can take: […] Get vaccinated. It is especially important for children and teens with asthma to be up-to-date on immunizations. Vaccines keep the immune system primed and ready when respiratory viruses spread. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV. But everyone ages 6 months and up should get vaccines for COVID-19 and the flu, along with other routine immunizations. […] Use good hand hygiene other basics. Handwashing is a simple but powerful way to help prevent the spread of germs. Wearing a face mask and avoiding crowded spaces, especially indoors, is also an effective way to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses.

• #46 Asthma in primary school-aged children (6-11 years)

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Asthma_in_primary_school-aged_children_(6-11_years)/

  This guideline provides advice for assessment and ongoing management of primary school aged children with asthma. […] First-line preventer treatment for most school-age children is low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). […] Additional management includes regular asthma education, reviewing inhaler technique, assessment of contributing factors and annual influenza vaccine. […] Education: Assess knowledge and understanding and address gaps on symptom recognition and management, when to seek medical attention, emergency management, role of reliever and preventer treatment, inhaler technique. […] Recommend annual influenza vaccine. […] All children should have a written action plan for at home and childcare. […] For children who are nearing adolescence (ie 10-11 years old) and having difficulty with their asthma control, it is worth considering ICS-formoterol MART.

• #47

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Caring-for-Children-with-Asthma-During-COVID-19.aspx

  Help your child follow their asthma management plan and take their controller medications as prescribed. Know when to step up care and when to call your pediatrician or asthma care provider. In addition, there are other steps you can take: […] Get vaccinated. It is especially important for children and teens with asthma to be up-to-date on immunizations. Vaccines keep the immune system primed and ready when respiratory viruses spread. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV. But everyone ages 6 months and up should get vaccines for COVID-19 and the flu, along with other routine immunizations. […] Use good hand hygiene other basics. Handwashing is a simple but powerful way to help prevent the spread of germs. Wearing a face mask and avoiding crowded spaces, especially indoors, is also an effective way to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses.

• #48

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Caring-for-Children-with-Asthma-During-COVID-19.aspx

  Help your child follow their asthma management plan and take their controller medications as prescribed. Know when to step up care and when to call your pediatrician or asthma care provider. In addition, there are other steps you can take: […] Get vaccinated. It is especially important for children and teens with asthma to be up-to-date on immunizations. Vaccines keep the immune system primed and ready when respiratory viruses spread. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV. But everyone ages 6 months and up should get vaccines for COVID-19 and the flu, along with other routine immunizations. […] Use good hand hygiene other basics. Handwashing is a simple but powerful way to help prevent the spread of germs. Wearing a face mask and avoiding crowded spaces, especially indoors, is also an effective way to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses.

• #49

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Caring-for-Children-with-Asthma-During-COVID-19.aspx

  Help your child follow their asthma management plan and take their controller medications as prescribed. Know when to step up care and when to call your pediatrician or asthma care provider. In addition, there are other steps you can take: […] Get vaccinated. It is especially important for children and teens with asthma to be up-to-date on immunizations. Vaccines keep the immune system primed and ready when respiratory viruses spread. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV. But everyone ages 6 months and up should get vaccines for COVID-19 and the flu, along with other routine immunizations. […] Use good hand hygiene other basics. Handwashing is a simple but powerful way to help prevent the spread of germs. Wearing a face mask and avoiding crowded spaces, especially indoors, is also an effective way to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses.

• #50 How parents can help kids avoid asthma attacks and control symptoms | Pediatrics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/pediatric-asthma-tips-parents/

  Recognize the warning signs of attacks. Know what to do in an emergency, and help your child learn to describe how they are feeling. […] Inform teachers, friends, and family. Make sure everyone in your child’s circle is aware of their condition, signs to look for, how to manage their medication, and knows when to call 911. […] Keeping a healthy body weight can reduce your child’s asthma risk. […] There is a documented link between childhood asthma and obesity, with research showing that the risk of asthma increases by 20% in children who are overweight. […] Most kids with asthma can safely participate in sports and exercise. […] Talk with your provider to come up with a plan that allows your child to be active. […] If your child is struggling with asthma or allergy symptoms, talk with a pediatric pulmonologist or allergist about allergy and lung function testing.

• #51 Pediatric Asthma: Tips for Management and Prevention

  https://www.valleypediatrics.com/blog/1101938-pediatric-asthma-tips-for-management-and-prevention/

  Prevention plays a vital role. Keep your home smoke-free. Avoid dust mites, pet dander, and molds. For some children, mattress covers and pillow covers can help. Ensure flu vaccinations yearly to minimize respiratory infections. Encourage physical activity. […] Together with the family, the clinicians at Valley Pediatrics we will create an asthma action plan for your specific child. This plan will outline prevention strategies and steps to take during an asthma attack. […] Empower your child by educating them about their condition, fostering independence in managing medications, and recognizing early warning signs.

• #52 Community Asthma Prevention Program (CAPP) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/community-asthma-prevention-program-capp

  Childrens Hospital of Philadelphias Community Asthma Prevention Program offers free education and support to Philadelphia children with asthma and their caregivers. […] One in four children in West Philadelphia live with asthma. Childrens Hospital of Philadelphias (CHOP) Community Asthma Prevention Program (CAPP) works to improve asthma-related outcomes in these children. […] We partner with community health workers to provide in-home education and supplies to help reduce asthma triggers in the home. […] Our broad range of community and clinical services aims to improve asthma-related outcomes in children. […] Our experts are committed to the health and well-being of children with asthma. We also train parent educators to provide group asthma education classes for caregivers and their children.

• #53 Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) | Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness

  https://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/models/childhood-asthma-prevention-study-caps

  The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) was designed to reduce childrens wheezing-related morbidity by reducing household allergens and increasing caregiver illness-management skills. […] The intervention was designed to reduce childrens wheezing-related morbidity by reducing household allergens and increasing caregiver illness-management capabilities. […] CAPS provided home-based services that addressed allergen and environmental tobacco smoke reduction, illness management, parent-child relationships, and caregiver mental health.

• #54 Community Asthma Prevention Program (CAPP) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/community-asthma-prevention-program-capp

  Childrens Hospital of Philadelphias Community Asthma Prevention Program offers free education and support to Philadelphia children with asthma and their caregivers. […] One in four children in West Philadelphia live with asthma. Childrens Hospital of Philadelphias (CHOP) Community Asthma Prevention Program (CAPP) works to improve asthma-related outcomes in these children. […] We partner with community health workers to provide in-home education and supplies to help reduce asthma triggers in the home. […] Our broad range of community and clinical services aims to improve asthma-related outcomes in children. […] Our experts are committed to the health and well-being of children with asthma. We also train parent educators to provide group asthma education classes for caregivers and their children.

• #55 The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia – Community Asthma Prevention Program | AHA

  https://www.aha.org/case-studies/2012-04-26-childrens-hospital-philadelphia-community-asthma-prevention-program

  Asthma is the most common chronic illness diagnosed in children, and its the number one diagnosis for admission at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. […] The Community Asthma Prevention Program of Philadelphia (CAPP) currently provides effective community-based services to children who have asthma and their families. CAPPs major objective is to provide a comprehensive, community-based program that eliminates barriers and promotes an optimal learning environment for asthma education. […] The goals of CAPP are to: (1) increase asthma knowledge and improve self-management behavior; (2) improve quality of life for children with asthma; and (3) train members of the community to teach their peers about asthma. […] The home visits have been effective in reducing hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and asthma symptoms.

• #56 Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) | Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness

  https://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/models/childhood-asthma-prevention-study-caps

  The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) was designed to reduce childrens wheezing-related morbidity by reducing household allergens and increasing caregiver illness-management skills. […] The intervention was designed to reduce childrens wheezing-related morbidity by reducing household allergens and increasing caregiver illness-management capabilities. […] CAPS provided home-based services that addressed allergen and environmental tobacco smoke reduction, illness management, parent-child relationships, and caregiver mental health.

• #57 School-Based Asthma Therapy Program (SBAT)

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/school-health-services/school-based-asthma-therapy-program-sbat

  Nationwide Childrens School-Based Asthma Therapy (SBAT) Program works as a liaison between schools and the asthma care provider to design a plan for students with high-risk asthma to receive asthma prevention medications at school. […] Our goal is to optimize their asthma control by enlisting the assistance of the school nurse to administer the morning dose of their asthma controller medication at school. […] With the help of the school nurse, we have shown increased symptom-free days and decreased hospitalizations for the students in the program. […] We aim to enroll students who have symptomatic asthma who could benefit from assistance with medication administration at the school.

• #58 Improving the Lives of Children With Asthma

  https://www.nemours.org/well-beyond-medicine/improving-the-lives-of-children-with-asthma.html

  In 2012, Nemours Childrens Health partnered with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (The Innovation Center). Our goal was to prevent and manage asthma in a targeted pediatric population in Delaware through the Optimizing Health Outcomes Award. […] Our asthma prevention strategy focused on four key elements: A family-centered medical home integrated with behavioral health. Community health workers to identify the highest risk patients and meet individual needs. Community health liaisons and partners to work on larger systems issues. Innovative use of technology through a partnership with schools. […] Our initiatives to improve the well-being of children with asthma have yielded transformative results. In two years, we saw: A 60% decrease in asthma-related Emergency Department visits. Cost reduction of $533 per child per quarter for patients on the asthma registry. Significant decrease in the number of asthma-related hospitalizations. Significant increase in the number of patients with a referral to a community resource. […] Our asthma project is just one example of how we can partner with community members to implement preventive strategies.

• #59 Pediatric Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Components of Asthma Care, Treatment of Status Asthmaticus

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1000997-treatment

  A randomized trial of omalizumab for asthma in inner-city children showed improved asthma control, elimination of seasonal peaks in asthmatic exacerbations, and reduced need for other medications for asthma control. […] Additional monoclonal antibodies have been approved for children, but unlike omalizumab, they target various interleukin (IL) subtypes. […] In pediatric asthma, inhaled treatment is the cornerstone of asthma management. […] Regular follow-up visits are essential to ensure control and appropriate therapeutic adjustments. […] Long-term asthma care pathways that incorporate the aforementioned factors can serve as roadmaps for ambulatory asthma care and help streamline outpatient care by different providers. […] In a study of 13,506 children with asthma who underwent adenotonsillectomy and 27,012 matched controls with asthma who did not undergo adenotonsillectomy, Bhattacharjee et al found that those who had the procedure showed significant improvement on several measures of asthma disease severity, including acute asthma exacerbations and acute status asthmaticus.

• #60 Asthma in Children: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/asthma/asthma-101/who-gets-asthma/children/

  If your child is diagnosed with asthma, an allergist can help them live an active, full life. […] The good news is you can help control your child’s asthma to ensure they live a healthy and active life. An allergist can work with you to develop an asthma action plan that will help your child do everything other children can do, including sports and other activities. […] Avoiding triggers when possible can help reduce asthma attacks in your child. […] It’s very important that children with asthma receive proper treatment. An allergist can help your child achieve long-term control by working with you to create an action plan. […] Your child’s treatment will depend on the severity and frequency of their symptoms. Your allergist might prescribe two types of medicines: Quick relief (relievers) and Preventative (controllers).

• #61 Asthma in Children: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/asthma/asthma-101/who-gets-asthma/children/

  Asthma medicines are very safe and effective when used as directed. […] Working with your child’s caregivers and following the action plan ensures you and your child can control their asthma so they can do everything other children can do. For more information about treatment for your child’s asthma, visit an allergist.

• #62 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  Future research should focus on improving the effectiveness of education on home asthma triggers, and understanding long-term children’s health effects of the interventions that have proven effective in reducing asthma triggers. […] Fortunately, many of the interventions to reduce asthma triggers in home environments are relatively simple. Recently, a 7-year follow-up of a Canadian birth cohort has confirmed previous suggestions that simple environmental interventions directed at the hazards noted above can prevent asthma in high-risk children. […] Many studies have assessed the effectiveness of individual or comprehensive strategies to reduce asthma triggers in homes, with subsequent improvement in children’s health. […] In total, these mechanical interventions to improve home environments have largely proven successful in reducing asthma triggers—house dust mite, cat and dog allergens, and dampness—significantly in the home. In many cases, this has led to documented improvements in children’s respiratory health.

• #63 A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/5/581

  The gut–skin–lung axis suggests a connection between the microbial environments of the gut, skin, and respiratory tract. […] Understanding the interactions within the gut–skin–lung axis and the mechanisms of the atopic march can help in developing preventive strategies and treatments for childhood asthma and other allergic diseases. […] In conclusion, a holistic approach to asthma prevention in children involves a combination of genetic awareness, prenatal care, environmental modifications, early-life immunomodulation, caregiver education, and improved access to healthcare.

• #64 A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/5/581

  These strategies focus on modifying environmental, dietary, and immune factors that contribute to the disease’s development and severity. […] Overall, the goal of genetic counseling in the context of asthma is to empower individuals and families to take proactive steps to mitigate the risk of asthma development or exacerbations. […] Implementing these preventive measures in children identified as high risk through genetic screening can help manage or potentially reduce the impact of asthma. […] A comprehensive understanding of the multifactorial nature of asthma development in children opens avenues for targeted preventive measures and interventions. […] Early-life influences, including prenatal and postnatal factors, play a critical role in shaping the risk of childhood asthma. […] The impact of environmental factors on asthma onset in children is multifaceted, encompassing various elements that interact in complex ways.

• #65 A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/5/581

  The gut–skin–lung axis suggests a connection between the microbial environments of the gut, skin, and respiratory tract. […] Understanding the interactions within the gut–skin–lung axis and the mechanisms of the atopic march can help in developing preventive strategies and treatments for childhood asthma and other allergic diseases. […] In conclusion, a holistic approach to asthma prevention in children involves a combination of genetic awareness, prenatal care, environmental modifications, early-life immunomodulation, caregiver education, and improved access to healthcare.

• #66 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  Contaminants encountered in many households, such as environmental tobacco smoke, house dust mite, cockroach, cat and dog dander, and mold, are risk factors in asthma. Young children are a particularly vulnerable subpopulation for environmentally mediated asthma, and the economic burden associated with this disease is substantial. Certain mechanical interventions are effective both in reducing allergen loads in the home and in improving asthmatic children’s respiratory health. […] Combinations of interventions including the use of dust mite-impermeable bedding covers, improved cleaning practices, high-efficiency particulate air vacuum cleaners, mechanical ventilation, and parental education are associated with both asthma trigger reduction and improved health outcomes for asthmatic children.

• #67 Childhood Asthma and Environmental Interventions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1892116/

  A combination of interventions, involving both mechanical methods for allergen reduction and educational efforts of asthmatic children and their parents, has proven effective in asthma prevention and trigger reduction and has improved health outcomes for asthmatic children. […] The cost of effective interventions is important to consider as well as the extent to which an asthmatic child’s parent is able to achieve the home interventions independently without external aid. […] This indicates that investments in providing low-cost interventions and educating the public about improving their home environments are likely to reap significant and lasting benefits for asthmatic children and prevent asthma in families with children at risk.

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