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• #1 ARDS – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ards/symptoms-causes/syc-20355576

  ARDS usually occurs in people who are already critically ill or have major injuries. People usually are severely short of breath the main symptom of ARDS within a few hours to a few days after the injury or infection that caused ARDS. […] The seriousness of ARDS symptoms can vary depending on what’s causing them and whether there is underlying heart or lung disease. Symptoms include: Severe shortness of breath. Labored and rapid breathing that is not usual. Cough. Chest discomfort. Fast heart rate. Confusion and extreme tiredness. […] After having ARDS, many people get most of their lung function back within several months to several years, but others may have breathing problems for the rest of their lives. Even people who do well usually have shortness of breath and fatigue and may need extra oxygen at home for a few months.

• #2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15283-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury caused by sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19 and other conditions. ARDS tends to develop within a few hours to few days of the event that caused it, and can worsen quickly. People with ARDS may have to be put in an intensive care unit (ICU) and on a ventilator to help them breathe. […] Symptoms of ARDS depend on the cause and severity of the case, as well as preexisting lung or heart conditions. Symptoms include severe shortness of breath, fast and labored breathing, rapid heart rate, and bluish color of fingernails and lips due to low oxygen level in the blood. […] ARDS tends to develop within a few hours to a few days of the event that caused it. ARDS can worsen rapidly. […] ARDS prevents other organs such as your brain, heart, kidneys and stomach from getting the oxygen they need to function. ARDS is dangerous and can lead to several serious and life-threatening problems.

• #3 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/ards

  Symptoms include difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, confusion, and dizziness. […] The first symptoms of ARDS usually develop within a few hours to a week after lung injury. […] People typically experience extreme difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. This is often accompanied by rapid, shallow breathing. Low oxygen levels in the blood can also produce a range of other symptoms, including confusion, dizziness, excessive sweating, low blood pressure, and rapid heart rate. Some people may notice that their fingertips, lips, or skin take on a bluish hue, a sign of insufficient blood oxygen level. […] In most cases, ARDS develops in people who are already hospitalized for another illness or injury.

• #4 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the injury or illness. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they cannot report symptoms. Symptoms can include any of the following: […] ARDS leads to a buildup of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli). This fluid prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream. […] The fluid buildup also makes the lungs heavy and stiff. This decreases the lungs’ ability to expand. The level of oxygen in the blood can stay dangerously low, even if the person receives oxygen from a breathing machine (ventilator) through a breathing tube (endotracheal tube). […] ARDS often occurs along with the failure of other organ systems, such as the heart, liver or kidneys. […] About one third of people with ARDS die of the disease. Those who live often get back most of their normal lung function, but many people have permanent (usually mild) lung damage. […] Many people who survive ARDS have memory loss or other quality-of-life problems after they recover. This is due to brain damage that occurred when the lungs were not working properly and the brain was not getting enough oxygen. Some people can also have post-traumatic stress after surviving ARDS.

• #5 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  ARDS can develop quickly. Symptoms of ARDS include: severe shortness of breath, fast, shallow breathing, tiredness, drowsiness or confusion, feeling faint. […] The outcome of ARDS is often linked to the underlying illness or injury. As many of these are often very serious, around a third of people who develop ARDS die, although not often from ARDS itself. Some people who recover from ARDS may continue to have complications, such as nerve and muscle damage which causes pain and weakness. […] Following ARDS, some people develop problems with their mental health, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression once they recover.

• #6 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ards/symptoms

  Difficulty breathing is usually the first symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Other symptoms may vary depending on how serious the underlying cause is. ARDS may take several days to develop, or it can rapidly get worse. Complications may include blood clots, infections, additional lung problems, or organ failure. […] Warning signs that you are developing or are at risk for ARDS may include: Shortness of breath, Fast breathing, or taking lots of rapid, shallow breaths, Fast heart rate, Coughing that produces phlegm, Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips, Extreme tiredness, Fever, Crackling sound in the lungs, Chest pain, especially when trying to breathe deeply, Low blood pressure, Confusion. […] If you have trouble breathing or have severe shortness of breath, call 9-1-1 right away.

• #7 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Definition, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/ards-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  ARDS puts a lot of strain on your lungs. Symptoms include: […] Shortness of breath […] Low blood pressure […] Unusually fast breathing […] Fast heartbeat […] Cough […] Fever […] Chest pain, especially when breathing deeply […] Confusion and exhaustion […] Blue-tinted lips or nails from lack of oxygen in your blood […] Dizziness.

• #8 ARDS Symptoms | What are Signs of ARDS?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ards/symptoms

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by a severe inflammatory response in the body when there is a severe infection or after there has been trauma to the body. This inflammation causes fluid to leak into the lungs, which makes it extremely difficult to breathe and decreases the amount of oxygen going into the bloodstream. The lack of oxygen can harm the brain, kidneys, and other internal organs. Most people who develop ARDS are already in the hospital because of another disease or injury. […] Common signs and symptoms of ARDS include: […] Shortness of Breath (dyspnea) This is the feeling of being short of breath and having difficulty catching your breath. […] Rapid breathing (tachypnea) and heartbeat (tachycardia) Healthy adults take 12 to 20 breaths per minute. More than 20 breaths indicate abnormally rapid breathing (tachypnea). A resting heart rate higher than the normal 60 to 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia.

• #9 ARDS Symptoms: How to Spot and Treat the Ailment

  https://nursingcecentral.com/ards-symptoms-how-to-spot-and-treat-the-ailment/

  Patients with ARDS appear in respiratory distress and tachypneic. There is a marked increase in breathing work, and nasal flaring and the use of accessory muscles may be noticed. The respiratory rate might be more than 30 to 40 breaths per minute, and the patient might have profound diaphoresis. In advanced stages of ARDS, the patient could have cyanosis around the lips and nail beds or appear pale with a dusky complexion. […] Hypoxemia due to ARDS leads to restlessness, agitation, and confusion. […] The mortality rate of ARDS is high, ranging from 35% to 45%. The outcomes vary with the age of the patient and the underlying cause. For example, patients who have ARDS due to pneumonia have a significantly higher mortality rate than those who have ARDS due to trauma. Several organs involved also define the prognosis. Three or more organs involved for more than one week is invariably fatal. […] Your patient with ARDS may most likely require endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation.

• #10 ARDS Symptoms | What are Signs of ARDS?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ards/symptoms

  Cough This cough can be with or without phlegm or mucus. […] Blue lips and fingernails A lower oxygen level in the blood causes the lips and fingernails to turn blue. […] Chest discomfort or pain This feeling can happen when inhaling. […] Low blood pressure Infection, prolonged bed rest or heart problems can lead to lower blood pressure. […] Confusion Lack of adequate oxygen to the brain can cause confusion. […] Pain or discomfort from the area causing ARDS Pneumonia can cause pain in the lungs or when breathing. Pancreatitis can cause stomach pain. Infections also can cause pain and discomfort on the skin infection and in the urinary tract and more.

• #11 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/respiratory-failure-and-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  The person has shortness of breath, usually with rapid, shallow breathing, the skin may become gray or ashen or blue (cyanosis), and other organs such as the heart and brain may malfunction. […] ARDS usually develops within 24 to 48 hours of the original injury or disease but may take as long as 4 or 5 days to occur. The person first has shortness of breath, usually with rapid, shallow breathing. […] Using a stethoscope, a doctor may hear crackling or wheezing sounds in the lungs. Low oxygen levels in the blood may cause the skin to become mottled or blue (cyanosis) in people with light skin, and gray or whitish coloration may develop in the mouth, around the eyes, and under the nails in people with dark-skin. Other organs such as the heart and brain may malfunction, resulting in a rapid heart rate, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), confusion, and sleepiness.

• #12 Comprehensive Guide to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – BuzzRx Select permission for Location

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung injury causing hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the body’s tissues) leading to respiratory failure, often triggered by infections (sepsis, pneumonia, or COVID-19), trauma, or sepsis. ARDS presents with severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and hypoxia. Diagnosis involves chest imaging, blood oxygen tests, and excluding other respiratory conditions. It requires intensive care and mechanical ventilation. […] ARDS is a life-threatening condition of the respiratory system. It is a serious lung condition that can lead to acute respiratory failure without prompt and aggressive treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Most patients with ARDS require mechanical ventilation support and medical care from a multidisciplinary team of specialists in critical care medicine. […] Common ARDS Symptoms include dyspnea (severe shortness of breath), tachypnea (rapid breathing), labored breathing, noisy breathing, tachycardia (fast heartbeat), and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the fingertips and lips due to low blood oxygen levels).

• #13

  https://consensus.app/questions/ards-signs-and-symptoms/

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. It can result from both direct lung injuries, such as pneumonia and smoke inhalation, and indirect injuries, such as sepsis and trauma. Despite the varied causes, the clinical presentation of ARDS is remarkably consistent across different cases. […] In the initial phase of ARDS, patients typically present with dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and tachypnea (rapid breathing). These symptoms are often accompanied by a relatively normal partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation. Pulmonary hypertension may also be present at this stage, although lung findings are usually absent on physical examination or X-rays. […] As ARDS progresses, severe hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels) becomes a hallmark of the condition. This hypoxemia is often refractory to increased oxygen supplementation, indicating significant pulmonary shunting. Additionally, patients develop non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is evident through bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest radiographs.

• #14 Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, and complications in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-complications-in-adults

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory form of lung injury that is associated with a variety of etiologies. Recognizing and promptly treating ARDS is critical to reduce the associated high mortality. […] Patients with ARDS present with the features of ARDS itself as well as features due to the inciting event. However, the manifestations are so nonspecific that the diagnosis is often missed until the disease progresses. […] Findings of ARDS — ARDS should be suspected in patients with progressive symptoms of dyspnea, an increasing requirement for oxygen, and alveolar infiltrates on chest imaging within 6 to 72 hours of an inciting event. […] Patients typically present with dyspnea and a reduction in arterial oxygen saturation after 6 to 72 hours (or up to a week) following an inciting event. On examination patients may have tachypnea, tachycardia, and diffuse crackles. When severe, acute confusion, respiratory distress, cyanosis, and diaphoresis may be evident. Cough, chest pain, wheeze, hemoptysis, and fever are inconsistent and mostly driven by the underlying etiology.

• #15 Causes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ards-8387011

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication you could experience after some types of respiratory infections or trauma. When this complication develops, your lungs become inflamed and can fill with fluid and secretions that make breathing even more difficult. […] The main symptoms specific to ARDS are severe shortness of breath (dyspnea) and a low oxygen level in your blood (hypoxemia). […] ARDS can lead to acute respiratory failure. When this happens, the injury and damage in your lungs are so severe that you may not be able to breathe on your own without support. […] Symptoms of acute respiratory failure can include: Shortness of breath, Low blood oxygen levels, Blue-hued lips and fingernails, A crackling sound in the lungs, Fatigue or weakness, Shallow breathing, Chest pain, Increased heart rate, Low blood pressure, Confusion.

• #16 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436002/

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by poor oxygenation and non-compliant or „stiff” lungs. The disorder is associated with capillary endothelial injury and diffuse alveolar damage. ARDS is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory form of lung injury and life-threatening condition in seriously ill patients, characterized by poor oxygenation, pulmonary infiltrates, and acute onset. ARDS is an acute disorder that starts within seven days of the inciting event and is characterized by bilateral lung infiltrates and severe progressive hypoxemia in the absence of any evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Once ARDS develops, patients usually have varying degrees of pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and may subsequently develop pulmonary hypertension. ARDS carries a high mortality, and few effective therapeutic modalities exist to combat this condition.

• #17 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0615/p730.html

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that manifests as rapidly progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. […] ARDS is a rapidly progressive noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that initially manifests as dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, then quickly evolves into respiratory failure. […] ARDS progresses through several phases after a direct pulmonary or indirect extrapulmonary insult. In the exudative phase, which may last seven to 10 days, alveolar macrophages secrete mediators that lead to accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. […] The fibrotic phase, which does not occur in all patients, is characterized by ongoing inflammation, extensive basement membrane damage, persistent edema, intra-alveolar and interstitial fibrosis, and microvascular damage.

• #18 Understanding ARDS: A Guide to Its Progressive Stages

  https://simplenursing.com/ards-stages/

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition that can occur as a result of various underlying medical conditions or injuries. ARDS is a progressive condition that can have several stages. […] It’s important to note that not all patients with ARDS will progress through all stages, and the severity of the condition can vary widely between individuals. […] Nurses need to be familiar with the stages of ARDS so they can monitor patients for signs of worsening respiratory function, adjust treatments, and provide supportive care as needed. […] In the early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome, fluid accumulates interstitially within the pulmonary spaces. […] In this stage, interstitial fluid shifts into the alveoli. This means that the alveoli are now wet, and crackles are apparent.

• #19 Understanding ARDS: A Guide to Its Progressive Stages

  https://simplenursing.com/ards-stages/

  Patients who suffer from ARDS will not manifest crackles during the early stages but instead have clear lungs with just decreased breath sounds. The crackles become prominent two days later as the alveoli become wet and damaged. […] Within this time, fluid has already occupied the lungs, and pulmonary fibrosis occurs. […] Unfortunately, when something gets burned, it’s impossible to get it unburned. Therefore, patients progressing to the third and fourth stages of ARDS will continuously and chronically have burned lungs that could lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). […] Oxygen is compromised at this stage. The patient is hypoxic (PaO2 is less than 60) and is acidic (less than 7.30 pH level). […] When oxygen has been distributed to the various parts of the body, carbon dioxide (CO2) waste is transported back to the lungs to be breathed out. However, since they have impaired, charred lungs, CO2 cannot be adequately exhaled, resulting in increased CO2 or carbon di-acid in your body, especially the lungs. […] Fourth stage = hypoxic and acidic = no production line of exchanging oxygen.

• #20 Pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS: a narrative review from molecular to organ-level perspectives | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-025-03137-5

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical, life-threatening acute lung injury characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and profound hypoxemia, frequently linked to severe infections, trauma, and systemic inflammatory responses. […] Despite these advances, ARDS remains a notable global health challenge, attributable to its persistently high incidence and mortality rates. […] The pathogenesis of ARDS is highly complex, with dysregulated inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction at the core of its pathology. […] This review examines inflammatory markers, metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation, highlighting how these molecular and cellular processes converge to drive organ-level effects. […] The cytokine storm is characterized by the release of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6.

• #21 ARDS Symptoms: How to Spot and Treat the Ailment

  https://nursingcecentral.com/ards-symptoms-how-to-spot-and-treat-the-ailment/

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most severe form of lung injury, and its important to know the ARDS symptoms. […] In ARDS, pulmonary edema ensues, compromising the functionality of the lungs. However, this edema is not due to heart failure. […] Upon progression of ARDS, the lungs show markedly decreased volume, and lung compliance also falls. Type II pneumocytes that produce surfactant are damaged. The resulting surfactant deficiency is thought to play a role in the alveolar collapse, which causes decreased lung volume and compliance in ARDS. […] The ensuing fibrosis results in capillary shunting and refractory hypoxemia. As ARDS progresses further, respiratory failure and cardiopulmonary arrest can develop. […] In patients with ARDS, there is a history of shortness of breath and increased effort needed to breathe.

• #22

  https://consensus.app/questions/ards-signs-and-symptoms/

  The most defining feature of ARDS is refractory hypoxemia, which does not improve significantly with oxygen therapy. This is due to the extensive pulmonary shunting and the inability of the damaged alveoli to participate in effective gas exchange. […] ARDS presents with a consistent set of signs and symptoms, including dyspnea, tachypnea, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The condition progresses through distinct clinical phases, culminating in severe lung damage and impaired gas exchange. Long-term, survivors face significant challenges, including fatigue, psychiatric morbidity, and cognitive dysfunction, which necessitate comprehensive post-recovery care. Understanding these signs and symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management of ARDS.

• #23 Pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS: a narrative review from molecular to organ-level perspectives | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-025-03137-5

  These cytokines activate signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-B (NF-B) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), increasing vascular permeability, disrupting the alveolar-capillary barrier, and resulting in pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia. […] This cascading effect induces localized lung injury and has the potential to trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which may progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), significantly elevating the mortality rate in patients with ARDS. […] In ARDS, the excessive release of ROS and RNS induces oxidative damage to cell membranes and proteins, compromising cellular function and integrity, which results in endothelial and epithelial barrier dysfunction, heightened vascular permeability, and, ultimately, pulmonary edema.

• #24 Acute respiratory distress syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000103.htm

  Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the injury or illness. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they cannot report symptoms. Symptoms can include any of the following: […] ARDS leads to a buildup of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli). This fluid prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream. […] The fluid buildup also makes the lungs heavy and stiff. This decreases the lungs’ ability to expand. The level of oxygen in the blood can stay dangerously low, even if the person receives oxygen from a breathing machine (ventilator) through a breathing tube (endotracheal tube).

• #25 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Acute-Respiratory-Distress-Syndrome-(ARDS).aspx

  ARDS symptoms typically appear between one and three days after the trauma, injury, or severe pneumonia. […] It may become life-threatening when there is widespread inflammation of the lungs, which may begin in just one lung, but eventually, it would affect both. […] When the fluid accumulates in the alveoli, they lose their ability to oxygenate the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide. Patients with ARDS may start having severe shortness of breath, muscle fatigue, general weakness, low blood pressure, rapid and shallow breathing, drowsiness or confusion, feeling faint, dry and hacking cough, headaches, and fever. […] In severe cases, the lungs may become heavy and unable to expand, with patients requiring mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. […] With ARDS, other organs may fail to work properly, leading to multiorgan failure, affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, bloodstream, and brain.

• #26 Understanding Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  Symptoms often start 48 to 72 hours after the original illness or injury. They get worse quickly. They can include: Shortness of breath, Fast breathing, Coughing, Fever, Fast heart rate, Chest pain when inhaling, Blue tint to nails and lips. […] Most people with ARDS have so much trouble breathing that they need a machine (mechanical ventilator) to breathe for them. […] ARDS can cause scarring of the lungs (fibrosis). It can cause organ failure from lack of oxygen to the organs. It can also cause death.

• #27 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/374

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) typically presents with dyspnoea and hypoxaemia, which progress to acute respiratory failure. […] Complications include pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and pulmonary fibrosis with prolonged respiratory failure. […] Key diagnostic factors include low oxygen saturation and acute respiratory failure. […] Other diagnostic factors include dyspnoea, increased respiratory rate, and low lung compliance.

• #28 ARDS Treatment and Recovery | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/ards/ards-treatment-and-recovery

  ARDS is a serious condition that can be frightening for patients and their loved ones. […] Survivors can recover full or partial lung function due to scarring. Health problems outside of the lung such as muscle weakness or fatigue can persist for as long as a year. […] ARDS patients may require ventilation for long periods of time. On average this is seven to 14 days. […] It is important to note that most people survive ARDS. They will not require oxygen on a long-term basis and will regain most of their lung function. Others will struggle with muscle weakness and may require re-hospitalization or pulmonary rehabilitation to regain their strength.

• #29 Symptoms and Signs of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome/symptom.htm

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which fluid accumulates in some of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, and other alveoli collapse. The damage to the alveoli leads to a reduced concentration of oxygen in the blood. Low levels of oxygen in the blood cause damage to other vital organs of the body such as the kidneys. Injury or damage to the lung that may cause ARDS includes trauma, sepsis (severe infection in the blood), drug overdose, massive transfusion of blood products, acute pancreatitis, or aspiration of fluid into the lungs. […] Symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome include severe difficulty breathing, low blood oxygen levels, rapid breathing, anxiety, agitation, confusion, coughing, coughing up foam or fluid, bluish color to fingertips and lips, and fever. […] While on a ventilator, a patient will need to be sedated and relaxed with medications to make it easier for the body to tolerate the ventilator function and the tube. Patients with ARDS may benefit from proning, where a patient is turned over onto one side of the stomach in order to oxygenate less damaged areas of the lung tissue.

• #30 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436002/

  The syndrome is characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia, progressively worsening within 6 to 72 hours of the inciting event, frequently requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit-level care. Within 12 to 24 hours, the respiratory distress escalates, becoming severe and requiring mechanical ventilation to prevent hypoxia. […] The prognosis for ARDS was abysmal until very recently. There are reports of 30% to 40% mortality up until the 1990s, but over the past 20 years, there has been a significant decrease in the mortality rate, even for severe ARDS. While mortality rates are now around 9% to 20%, it is much higher in older patients. ARDS has significant morbidity as these patients remain in the hospital for extended periods and have significant weight loss, poor muscle function, and functional impairment. Many continue to have dyspnea even with mild exertion and thus depend on care from others.

• #31 Acute respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Shortness of breath, rapid breathing, bluish skin coloration, chest pain, loss of speech. […] The signs and symptoms of ARDS often begin within two hours of an inciting event, but have been known to take as long as 13 days; diagnostic criteria require a known insult to have happened within 7 days of the syndrome. Signs and symptoms may include shortness of breath, fast breathing, and a low oxygen level in the blood due to abnormal ventilation. […] For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common. […] The overall prognosis of ARDS is poor, with mortality rates of approximately 40%.

• #32 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0215/p352.html

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome manifests as rapidly progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. […] Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rapidly progressive disorder that initially manifests as dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, then quickly evolves into respiratory failure. […] Most cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome are associated with pneumonia or sepsis. […] The in-hospital mortality rate for these conditions is estimated to be between 34 and 55 percent. […] Patients who survive acute respiratory distress syndrome are at risk of diminished functional capacity, mental illness, and decreased quality of life; ongoing care by a primary care physician is beneficial for these patients. […] Risk factors for mortality include increasing age, worsening multiorgan dysfunction, presence of pulmonary and nonpulmonary comorbidities, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and acidosis.

• #33 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0615/p730.html

  Most cases of ARDS in adults are associated with pneumonia with or without sepsis (60%) or with nonpulmonary sepsis (16%). […] Mild, moderate, and severe cases of ARDS are associated with hospital mortality rates of 27% to 35%, 32% to 40%, and 46% to 60%, respectively. […] Patients with ARDS spend an average of 16 days (standard deviation = 15.8) in the ICU and a total of 26 days (standard deviation = 27.7) in the hospital. […] After discharge from the ICU, patients with ARDS may have a lower quality of life, significant weakness from neuropathy or myopathy, persistent cognitive impairment, and delayed return to work. […] Not all of the deleterious health effects of ARDS resolve over time. Although lung function approaches normal at five years, six-minute walking distance, physical function, and quality-of-life measures often remain decreased.

• #34 Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF, ARDS) – Critical Care Medicine – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/respiratory-failure-and-mechanical-ventilation/acute-hypoxemic-respiratory-failure-ahrf-ards

  Whatever the cause of airspace filling in AHRF, flooded or collapsed airspaces allow no inspired gas to enter, so the blood perfusing those alveoli remains at the mixed venous oxygen content no matter how high the FIO2. This effect ensures constant admixture of deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary vein and hence arterial hypoxemia. […] Prognosis is highly variable and depends on a variety of factors, including etiology of respiratory failure, severity of disease, age, and chronic health status. Overall, mortality in ARDS was very high (40 to 60%) but has declined in recent years to 25 to 40%. However, mortality remains very high (40%) for patients with severe ARDS.

• #35 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15283-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  Treatment for ARDS involves increasing oxygen levels in your blood to prevent organ failure. People with ARDS need a mechanical ventilator and/or oxygen therapy to improve blood oxygen levels. […] Most studies estimate it takes between six months to a year, on average, for a person to regain their usual lung function after ARDS. But some people don’t regain full lung function. […] ARDS can be life-threatening and scary. But improved care and ventilator treatments including having people lay face down (prone) to improve oxygen flow are helping more people survive and reduce ARDS complications. The outlook is typically better in people younger than 65 and when trauma or a blood transfusion causes ARDS. […] Yes, your lungs can recover from ARDS. The exact amount of time varies depending on how much lung damage you have. Most people regain their lung function within two years, although several factors go into that estimate.

• #36 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome/article_em.htm

  4 Common symptoms of ARDS include: Severe difficulty in breathing, Anxiety, Agitation, Fever. […] Because ARDS is an urgent medical condition that typically follows a significant illness or injury the patient is usually already hospitalized when ARDS develops. Anyone developing severe shortness of breath should see a health care provider immediately. […] Outlook of persons with ARDS has improved over the last 20 years and a majority of people survive. Persons with a poor outlook include those older than 65 years and those with sepsis as the underlying cause. The adverse effect of age may be related to the underlying health status. Survivors of ARDS may recover normal lung function. However, some of them may have residual lung impairment or persistent muscle weakness. Typically, the lung dysfunction is mild, but ARDS can lead to severe lung damage and reduced health-related quality of life. Severe disease and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation are predictors of persistent abnormalities in lung function.

• #37 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0215/p352.html

  Most ARDS-related deaths are due to multiorgan failure. […] In children, ARDS is less common and less likely to lead to death. […] Mortality at three years is higher in those who required mechanical ventilation in the ICU (57.3 percent) compared with those who did not require ventilation in the ICU (38.3 percent) and those who were not admitted to the ICU (14.9 percent). […] Patients with ARDS or who required prolonged ventilation (greater than seven days) in the ICU tend to have a lower quality of life and more weakness at discharge than those without ARDS or the need for prolonged ventilation. […] Psychiatric illness is also widely prevalent after ARDS, with 17 to 43 percent of survivors reporting depression, 21 to 35 percent reporting posttraumatic stress disorder, and 23 to 48 percent reporting anxiety. […] Although lung function approaches normal at five years, six-minute walking distance, physical function, and quality-of-life measures often are still decreased.

• #38 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=abn1432

  People with ARDS have severe trouble breathing. They feel short of breath and breathe fast. […] ARDS can get worse quickly. […] Among people who survive ARDS, some recover completely. But it can take a few years to do so. […] Others have long-term health problems, such as: […] Breathing problems, like shortness of breath. For some people, this goes away within 6 months. But for others, breathing problems don’t go away.

• #39 ARDS | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/ards/

  ARDS symptoms are typical of someone who is having a hard time breathing. This includes: Rapid breathing, Shortness of breath, Difficulty taking breaths, Low blood pressure, Organ failure, Confusion, Extreme fatigue. […] ARDS is a life-threatening condition and a medical emergency. If you are experiencing signs and symptoms of ARDS, call 9-1-1 immediately. […] If you’ve had ARDS, you could be left with some lasting effects, such as scarring in the lung tissue and abnormal lung function.

• #40 ARDS Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/ards/ards-symptoms-and-diagnoses

  Patients with ARDS are short of breath, often to a distressing level. They are breathing faster and their heart is beating faster. They may have pain as they try to take a breath. As the oxygen in the blood falls, their fingernails and lips may have a bluish color. […] When patients present with the above symptoms, doctors will do a chest X-ray to look for fluid in the lungs and a blood test to find out the severity of the oxygen starvation. ARDS has to be separated from heart failure and chronic lung disease. Doctors suspect ARDS if they can identify a lung injury. If you have heart disease or chronic lung disease, this may be more difficult because ARDS and heart problems have similar symptoms.

• #41

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/lung-respiratory-care/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition that causes low oxygen levels in the blood. It occurs in critically ill people and gets worse rapidly. […] There are a variety of potential ARDS symptoms. People commonly have shortness of breath that is so bad its distressing. This may lead to breathing faster and a faster heartbeat. You may also have pain while breathing. Some other acute respiratory distress syndrome symptoms are: […] The basics of treating ARDS are to repair the injury to the lungs, get enough oxygen into your blood so your body can work correctly and then wait for the lungs to heal. […] While on a ventilator, some people may be placed in a prone position (facing down) to help improve their breathing.

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