Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anxiety in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/anxiety-in-children

  Anxiety in children is considered a disorder if worries or fears interfere with their life for more than six months. […] Up to 1 in 5 kids will develop what healthcare providers consider anxiety disorders. Childhood anxiety disorders differ from normal fear or anxiety because they involve more extreme avoidance, bigger emotional reactions or last longer than expected. Children with anxiety disorders often have emotional outbursts like crying or tantrums. […] Anxiety disorders are fairly common in children. They affect about 15% to 20% of children and adolescents. And nearly 1 in 3 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 has anxiety. Its also more common in females. […] Parenting can feel like a guessing game. Some children will use words to tell you about their anxiety. […] Children with anxiety are at increased risk for depression and substance use disorders later in life.

• #1 Anxiety in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/anxiety-in-children

  Your child may be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder if theres no other cause for their symptoms and their anxiety causes distress and has interfered with their life for six months. […] There are two main ways to treat anxiety in children: cognitive behavioral therapy and medication therapy. […] Many families begin with CBT and add additional therapies if needed. CBT, either individually with a parent as co-therapist or in groups, can be very effective in teaching step-by-step coping skills that reduce symptoms and improve coping. […] If your child has an anxiety disorder, they may act out or be irritable. They may cling to you or refuse to leave the house. Although treatment for childhood anxiety can take time to work, it generally reduces symptoms. With treatment, many children with anxiety participate in activities that interest them, form friendships, finish school and enjoy life. […] You should call your healthcare provider if your child shows signs of anxiety that dont go away, or they stop doing things you know they can do (like use the toilet or leave the house).

• #2 Anxiety disorders in children | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  Its normal for children to feel worried or anxious from time to time, like when theyre starting school or nursery, or moving to a new area. […] But for some children, anxiety affects their behaviour and thoughts on a daily basis. This can interfere with their school, home and social life. If your child is anxious for a period of time and its impacting on day to day life you may need to speak to a healthcare professional to help support your child. […] Anxiety can make a child feel scared, panicky, embarrassed or ashamed. […] Some of the signs to look out for in your child are: finding it hard to concentrate, not sleeping, or waking in the night, not eating properly, quickly getting angry or irritable, and being out of control during outbursts, constantly worrying or having negative thoughts, feeling tense and fidgety, or using the toilet often, always crying, being clingy all the time (when other children are ok), complaining of tummy aches and feeling unwell, being withdrawn and not wanting to do things they used to enjoy.

• #2 Anxiety disorders in children | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  The reason for the anxiety (if there is one) will differ depending on the age of the child. Separation anxiety is common in younger children. Older children and teenagers tend to worry more about school performance, relationships or health. […] Its normal for children to frequently have fears and worries. Some anxious children may develop a condition called generalised anxiety disorder when they get older. […] Generalised anxiety disorder causes you to feel anxious about a wide range of situations and issues, rather than one specific event. Its a feeling of constant fear or dread all the time that makes doing daily tasks hard because of feelings of anxiety. […] Separation anxiety means a child worrying about not being with their parent or regular carer. […] Its common in young children, and normally develops at about 6 months of age. It can make settling into nursery or school or with a child minder very difficult.

• #2 Anxiety disorders in children | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  Some children become anxious about going to school. This could also be about schoolwork, friendships or bullying, especially if theyre changing school or moving up a level. […] Long-term anxiety can severely interfere with a childs personal development, family life and schooling. […] Anxiety disorders that start in childhood often persist into the teenage years and early adulthood. […] You should seek help for your childs anxiety if: you feel its not getting better or is getting worse, and efforts to tackle it yourself have not worked, you think its slowing down their development or having a significant effect on their schooling or relationships, it happens very frequently or they feel anxious all the time, its making them feel physically unwell a lot of the time like feeling sick or having constant headaches, your child becomes very withdrawn and is anxious about doing things they used to enjoy.

• #2 Anxiety disorders in children | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  Psychological therapies can really help with anxiety. Theyre evidence based talking treatments, like cognitive behavioural therapy, that are proven to help. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy that can help your child manage their problems by changing the way they think and behave. […] Some children are simply born more nervous and anxious and less able to cope with stress than other children. […] Sometimes traumatic life events like an illness, or an accident, can cause anxiety. […] A childs anxious personality may be partly determined by the genes theyve inherited from their parents. […] Children with certain conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorders may experience anxiety as part of the symptoms of their condition.

• #3 Anxiety disorders in children – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/children-and-young-adults/advice-for-parents/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  It’s normal for children and young people to feel worried or anxious from time to time such as when they’re starting school or nursery, or moving to a new area. […] But for some children and young people, anxiety affects their behaviour and thoughts every day, interfering with their school, home and social life. […] Signs to look out for in your child are: finding it hard to concentrate, not sleeping, or waking in the night with bad dreams, eating more or less than usual, quickly getting angry or irritable, and being out of control during outbursts, constantly worrying or having negative thoughts, feeling tense and fidgety, or using the toilet often, always crying, being clingy, especially in young children, complaining of tummy aches and feeling unwell. […] Separation anxiety is common in younger children, whereas older children and teenagers tend to worry more about school or have social anxiety.

• #3 Anxiety disorders in children – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/children-and-young-adults/advice-for-parents/anxiety-disorders-in-children/

  However, it’s a good idea to seek professional help or reassurance yourself if your child is constantly anxious and: it’s not getting better, or is getting worse, self-help is not working, it’s affecting their school or family life, or their friendships. […] The type of treatment offered will depend on your child’s age and the cause of their anxiety. […] Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorders are more likely to have problems with anxiety.

• #4 Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1200/anxiety-disorders-children-adolescents.html

  Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, affecting nearly 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents. […] Symptoms of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are similar to those in adults and can include physical and behavioral symptoms such as diaphoresis, palpitations, and tantrums. […] Symptoms include excessive anxiety, fear, or worry that is out of proportion to the situation, event, person, object, or threat. […] Physical symptoms of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents manifest as autonomic nervous system activation, including diaphoresis, palpitations, chest tightness, nausea, faintness, chills, and muscle tightness. […] Additional behavioral responses indicative of an anxiety disorder include avoidance of or reluctance to engage in certain activities or with certain objects or individuals.

• #4 Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1200/anxiety-disorders-children-adolescents.html

  Anxiety disorder symptoms persist over time and negatively impact functioning in one or more domains, such as education and social and interpersonal performance. […] There is a sufficient body of empirical evidence that shows significant improvement in childhood anxiety disorders with psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, with a combination of therapies providing the most benefits. Despite effective treatments, some childhood anxiety disorders persist into adulthood.

• #5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

  Physical signs and symptoms may include: Fatigue, Muscle tension or muscle aches, Trembling, Twitching, Sweating, Nausea, diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome, Headaches. […] If left untreated, studies show that GAD is often a chronic illness with symptoms that tend to wax and wane across the lifespan. Earlier age of onset is also associated with greater risk for development of other anxiety and depressive disorders later in life. […] The difference between these normal feelings of anxiety and the presence of GAD or another anxiety disorder is that a child with generalized anxiety disorder will experience an extended and extensive period of worry, and the degree of anxiety and fear is notably out of proportion to the reality of the situation. […] Children and adolescents have a tendency to worry about their competence or the quality of their performance at school and sporting events. They may also have excessive concerns about earthquakes, nuclear war, or other catastrophic events. Thus, the content of an individual’s worry varies with age. A child or adolescent with GAD may also be perfectionist, overly anxious to fit in, and redo tasks because they aren’t perfect the first time. Children tend to require excessive reassurance about their performance and other things they may be worry about.

• #6 Common Signs of Anxiety in Children at Every Age | Little Otter Blog

  https://www.littleotterhealth.com/blog/anxiety-in-children

  Just like adults, children of every age experience feelings of fear, worry, and apprehension from time to time. […] Anxiety presents itself differently throughout childhood and into adulthood. But one common thread among everyone who struggles with this condition is that they experience frequent, excessive worry that interrupts their ability to grow and thrive. […] If your 0 to 2-year-old child might be showing signs of an anxiety disorder, consider if you’re noticing any of the following signs and symptoms: Difficulty forming a secure attachment with primary caregivers, Stress response that is typically more severe than what the situation warrants, Trouble eating, Digestive issues, Sleep disturbances, Appear sad or withdrawn. […] But if your child is exhibiting some of the signs and symptoms below, it could indicate the presence of an anxiety disorder: Overly self-consciousness and nervous, Easily frightened, Trouble initiating contact with peers and/or adults, Stress response that is typically more severe than what the situation warrants, Easily agitated, Trouble communicating, Limited eye contact, Difficulty making and keeping friends, Sleep disturbances and frequent nightmares, Trouble eating, Digestive issues, Frequent aches and pains, Not wanting to go to school, Not wanting to engage with peers, Low self-confidence.

• #6 Common Signs of Anxiety in Children at Every Age | Little Otter Blog

  https://www.littleotterhealth.com/blog/anxiety-in-children

  However, if your 6- to 12-year-old child is experiencing some of the signs and symptoms below and cannot get their anxious feelings under control, it’s likely time to seek outside support: Preoccupation with what if questions (especially regarding things that are unlikely to happen), Frequent aches and pains, Digestive issues, Picky eating, Worrying about things in the distant future, Sleep disturbances and frequent nightmares, Frequent interpersonal conflict, Trouble concentrating, Frequently feeling sad, Withdrawing from friends and loved ones, Perfectionism and frequent people-pleasing behaviors, Refusal to participate in expected activities or activities they used to enjoy, Chronic absenteeism, Frequently exhibits behavior that disrupts the functioning of the family, Often requiring excessive coaxing for basic activities like hygiene or homework. […] If your child is experiencing symptoms that are disrupting their lives at home or school, it might be time to talk to someone.

• #7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

  GAD is relatively common disorder among children and adolescents. It begins gradually, often in childhood or adolescence, with symptoms that may worsen during times of stress. Worries may switch from one concern to another, and may change with time and age. GAD may result in significant academic, social, and familial impairment. If left untreated, the disorder may be chronic and predicative of adulthood anxiety and depression. However, early identification and effective management can help reduce the severity of symptoms. […] Children with generalized anxiety disorder experience excessive and uncontrollable worry about a number of events or activities. They feel anxious in multiple settings and are often unable to put their worries aside no matter how hard they try. […] Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder can vary. They may include: Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, Apprehensiveness, Being easily fatigued, especially at the end of the school day, Irritability, Trouble sleeping, Difficulty concentrating or the feeling that your mind „goes blank”, Difficulty handling uncertainty or indecisiveness, Expecting the worst, even when there is no apparent reason for concern.

• #7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

  Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events. It is often accompanied by physical symptoms such as headaches, muscular tension, restlessness, heart palpitations, and stomach upset. Children and adolescents with GAD may worry excessively about their performance and competence at school or in sporting events, about personal safety and the safety of family members, or about natural disasters and future events. […] The difference between normal feelings of anxiety and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder is that children with GAD worry more often and more intensely than other children in the same circumstances. Children with GAD tend to worry about the same things as their non-anxious peers, but they do so in excess. These worries and associated symptoms cause significant distress and impair daily functioning. Children with GAD are often overly self-critical and avoid activities in which they feel that may not be able to perform perfectly.

• #7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

  Physical signs and symptoms may include: Fatigue, Muscle tension or muscle aches, Trembling, Twitching, Sweating, Nausea, diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome, Headaches. […] If left untreated, studies show that GAD is often a chronic illness with symptoms that tend to wax and wane across the lifespan. Earlier age of onset is also associated with greater risk for development of other anxiety and depressive disorders later in life. […] The difference between these normal feelings of anxiety and the presence of GAD or another anxiety disorder is that a child with generalized anxiety disorder will experience an extended and extensive period of worry, and the degree of anxiety and fear is notably out of proportion to the reality of the situation. […] Children and adolescents have a tendency to worry about their competence or the quality of their performance at school and sporting events. They may also have excessive concerns about earthquakes, nuclear war, or other catastrophic events. Thus, the content of an individual’s worry varies with age. A child or adolescent with GAD may also be perfectionist, overly anxious to fit in, and redo tasks because they aren’t perfect the first time. Children tend to require excessive reassurance about their performance and other things they may be worry about.

• #8 Anxiety disorders in children

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anxiety-disorders-children/

  But for some children, anxiety affects their behaviour and thoughts every day. It can interfere with their school, home and social life. […] Signs to look out for in your child are: always worrying or having negative thoughts, finding it hard to concentrate, not sleeping, or waking in the night with bad dreams, not eating properly, quickly getting angry or irritable, and being out of control during outbursts, feeling tense and fidgety, using the toilet very often, always crying, being clingy, complaining of tummy aches and feeling unwell. […] Separation anxiety is common in younger children. […] Older children and teenagers tend to worry more about school or have social anxiety. […] Get professional help if your child is always anxious and it’s not getting better or is getting worse, self-help is not working, it’s affecting their school or family life, or their friendships.

• #8 Anxiety disorders in children

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anxiety-disorders-children/

  Some children are born more anxious and less able to cope with stress than others. […] Children can develop anxious thoughts and avoidant behaviours by imitating ways other people manage and deal with anxiety. […] In many cases the anxiety and avoidant behaviours of children continue when they have managed to avoid a stressful situation, felt relief about avoiding it. […] Some children develop anxiety after stressful events, such as moving house or school often, parents fighting or arguing, the death of a close relative or friend, becoming seriously ill or getting injured in an accident, school-related issues like exams or bullying, being abused or neglected. […] Children who experience severe anxiety can also experience other mental health difficulties. Depression is the most common.

• #9

  https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/The-Anxious-Child-047.aspx

  Symptoms of social anxiety include: Fears of meeting or talking to people, avoidance of social situations, few friends outside the family. […] Other symptoms of anxious children include: Many worries about things before they happen; what ifs, constant worries or concerns about family, school, friends, or activities, repetitive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) or actions (compulsions), fears of embarrassment or making mistakes, low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence. […] Severe anxiety problems in children can be treated. Early treatment can prevent future difficulties, such as loss of friendships, failure to reach social and academic potential, and feelings of low self-esteem. Treatments may include a combination of the following: individual psychotherapy, family therapy, medications, behavioral treatments, and consultation to the school. For preschool and school age children, caregiver involvement in treatment is essential. […] If anxieties become severe and begin to interfere with the child’s usual activities (for example separating from parents, attending school, and making friends), parents should consider seeking an evaluation from a qualified mental health professional or a child and adolescent psychiatrist.

• #9

  https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/The-Anxious-Child-047.aspx

  All children experience some fear and anxiety. Anxiety in children is expected and normal at specific times in development. For example, from approximately about age 8 months through the preschool years, healthy youngsters may show intense distress (anxiety) at times of separation from their parents or other people with whom they are close. Young children may have short-lived fears, such as fear of the dark, storms, animals, or a fear of strangers. […] Anxious children are often appear to be tense. Some may want a lot of reassurance, and their worries may interfere with activities. Parents should pay attention to their child’s fears. Because anxious children may also be quiet, compliant, and eager to please, their problems with anxiety and fears may be missed. Early identification of anxiety problems in children can help them overcome the problems rather than have worsening problems as they age.

• #10 Anxiety in Children: Signs and Symptoms To Look For

  https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/symptoms-anxiety-children-teens

  Not all kids experience anxiety in the same way. You can learn the signs and symptoms. […] Its natural and not uncommon to feel concerned about the possible symptoms of anxiety in children. […] Sometimes, identifying these symptoms or recognizing them as anxiety might even be difficult. […] In fact, if youre wondering about some of your childs behaviors, you may want to talk with a health professional. […] They can help you explore possible reasons behind your little ones actions and attitudes. […] Learning to recognize the specific symptoms of anxiety in children can help you provide the support they need and when they need it. […] In general, symptoms of anxiety in children may include: bed-wetting, needing constant reassurance, complaining of a stomach ache or other pains, particularly before specific activities or events, avoiding everyday situations, like school or social events, difficulty eating or sleeping, tearfulness without a reason, clinginess, angry outbursts, being fidgety or unable to rest, difficulty concentrating, difficulty doing chores or schoolwork, physical symptoms like shaking or flushing.

• #11 Kids can show anxiety symptoms early on

  https://www.ksbw.com/article/kids-anxiety-symptoms/40019375

  Anxiety symptoms can be difficult to spot, but the sooner parents notice signs, the earlier mental health professionals „can help parents and kids understand what’s happening,” said Dr. Rebecca Baum, a professor of general pediatrics and adolescent medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. […] Children with anxiety might begin to avoid anxiety-inducing situations. This behavior can facilitate a cycle that makes their fears bigger and bigger, Baum added. […] But „the earlier we have tools, the earlier we can set kids on a path that encourages them to be resilient and helps them face the things they’re fearful of,” Busman said. […] Common signs of general anxiety in children — according to the United Kingdom’s National Health Service, Michigan State University, Baum and Busman — include: Difficulty concentrating, Trouble sleeping, bed-wetting or bad dreams, Not eating properly, Clinginess, Lack of confidence to try new things or inability to deal with simple, everyday problems, Avoidance of everyday activities, such as seeing friends or going out in public or to school, Inability to talk in some social situations, Reassurance seeking (repeated questions to reconfirm worries, such as exactly when and where you’re going to pick them up from school, or if the weather’s really going to be nice enough for a playdate), Physical symptoms such as using the toilet often; tearfulness; headaches; dizziness; lightheadedness; sweatiness; stomachaches; nausea; cramps; vomiting; fidgeting; or body aches (especially if they usually occur before an educational or social obligation).

• #12 Anxiety Disorders (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety-disorders.html

  Anxiety disorders cause extreme fear and worry, and changes in a child’s behavior, sleep, eating, or mood. […] A parent or teacher may see signs that a child or teen is anxious. For example, a kid might cling, miss school, or cry. They might act scared or upset, or refuse to talk or do things. Kids and teens with anxiety also feel symptoms that others can’t see. It can make them feel afraid, worried, or nervous. […] These symptoms of anxiety are the result of the „fight or flight” response. This is the body’s normal response to danger. It triggers the release of natural chemicals in the body. These chemicals prepare us to deal with a real danger. They affect heart rate, breathing, muscles, nerves, and digestion. This response is meant to protect us from danger. But with anxiety disorders, the „fight or flight” response is overactive. It happens even when there is no real danger.

• #13 Anxiety in Children – A Quick Guide – Child Mind Institute

  https://childmind.org/guide/anxiety-in-children-quick-guide/

  Quick Guide to Anxiety in Children […] What are the symptoms of anxiety in children? […] Anxiety has many symptoms and can look very different from child to child. Here are some common signs that a child might have an anxiety disorder: Trouble sleeping […] Excessive worry or nervousness […] Complaining about stomachaches or other physical problems […] Avoiding certain situations […] Being clingy around parents or caregivers […] Trouble concentrating in class or being very fidgety […] Tantrums […] Being very self-conscious […] Children can be diagnosed with different kinds of anxiety depending on what they are most worried about. […] Symptoms of separation anxiety include: Worry about parents or caregivers getting sick or dying […] Refusing to leave home or go to school

• #13 Anxiety in Children – A Quick Guide – Child Mind Institute

  https://childmind.org/guide/anxiety-in-children-quick-guide/

  Fear of sleeping or being alone […] Nightmares about separation […] Physical symptoms (such as headaches or stomachaches) before an upcoming separation […] Children with separation anxiety disorder show symptoms for at least four weeks. […] Symptoms of social anxiety disorder in children include: Avoiding most social situations or feeling terrible when they have to participate in them […] Physical symptoms like shaking, sweating or trouble breathing in social situations […] In young children, tantrums and crying in social situations […] Fear of others seeing their anxiety and judging them for it […] For a child to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, their worry must be so extreme that it interferes with daily life. […] Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in children include: Restlessness

• #14 Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders in Children: Signs of AnxietyFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/anxiety-disorders-in-children-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOooGavBHNj7yhv0h0Z7nTwEMFpJMVr3nvCA_4e0ebRsrGP-KARQk

  Among kids and teens with OCD, common obsessions include: fear of dirt, germs or contamination, a need for symmetry, order, and precision, religious obsessions, lucky and unlucky numbers, sexual or aggressive thoughts, fear of illness or harm coming to oneself or family, intrusive sounds or words. […] These compulsive rituals are also common among kids and teens with OCD: grooming rituals, including hand washing, showering, and teeth brushing, repeating rituals, including going in and out of doorways, needing to move through spaces in a special way, or rereading, erasing, and rewriting, checking rituals to make sure that an appliance is off or a door is locked, and repeatedly checking homework, ordering or arranging objects and cleaning rituals around the house, counting rituals, hoarding and collecting things of no apparent value.

• #14 Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders in Children: Signs of AnxietyFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/anxiety-disorders-in-children-symptoms/?srsltid=AfmBOooGavBHNj7yhv0h0Z7nTwEMFpJMVr3nvCA_4e0ebRsrGP-KARQk

  Common Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder for Children at School […] According to Child Mind Institute, your child’s anxiety may manifest at school in several ways. Keep an eye out for these signs: Refusing to go to school or having a hard time at school drop-offs, Difficulty participating in class and interacting with peers, Excessive worry about everyday things, Trouble answering questions when called on by the teacher, Disruptive behavior, Squirming, Frequent trips to the nurse (with complaints of headaches, nausea, stomachaches, or even vomiting), Avoiding socializing or group work, Not turning in homework. […] If you notice several of the above, ask your child’s doctor to perform an in-depth screening of his or her mental and physical health to rule out a mood disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or a specific phobia, all of which can look like GAD. Certain physical conditions, like thyroid disorders or heart conditions, can also mimic anxiety-like symptoms. Your doctor can rule out most of these with simple blood and urine tests — though some more complicated conditions may require x-rays or physical stress tests.

• #15 Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/psychiatric-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents/generalized-anxiety-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents

  Children with generalized anxiety disorder have multiple and diffuse worries, which are exacerbated by stress. […] They may sleep poorly, sweat excessively, feel exhausted, and complain of physical discomfort (eg, stomachache, muscle aches, headache). […] Generalized anxiety disorder is diagnosed in children and adolescents who have prominent and impairing anxiety symptoms that are not focused enough to meet criteria for a specific disorder such as social anxiety disorder or panic disorder. […] Specific criteria include the presence of each of the following: Excessive anxiety and worry that patients have difficulty controlling. […] Symptoms cause significant distress or impair functioning socially or at school. […] In addition, the above criteria must be accompanied by 1 of the following: Restlessness or a keyed-up or on-edge feeling. […] Relaxation therapy may help; if children have severe anxiety or do not respond to psychotherapeutic interventions, consider anxiolytic medications (preferably SSRIs).

• #16 Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=separation-anxiety-disorder-in-children-90-P02582

  Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a type of mental health problem. A child with SAD worries a lot about being apart from family members or other close people. The child has a fear of being lost from their family or of something bad occurring to a family member if he or she is not with the person. […] A child must have symptoms of SAD for at least 4 weeks for the problem to be diagnosed as SAD. A child with SAD has worries and fears about being apart from home or family that are not right for his or her age. […] The first symptoms of SAD often appear around the third or fourth grade. They may start after a break from school, such as during holidays or summer, or after a long-term sickness. Each child may have different symptoms. But the most common signs of SAD are: Refusing to sleep alone, Repeated nightmares with a theme of separation, Lots of worry when parted from home or family, Too much worry about the safety of a family member, Too much worry about getting lost from family, Refusing to go to school, Fearful and reluctant to be alone, Frequent stomachaches, headaches, or other physical complaints, Muscle aches or tension, Too much worry about safety of self, Too much worry about or when sleeping away from home, Being very clingy, even when at home, Panic or temper tantrums at times of separation from parents or caregivers.

• #16 Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=separation-anxiety-disorder-in-children-90-P02582

  A child psychiatrist or other mental health expert can diagnose SAD. He or she will do a mental health evaluation of your child. For your child to be diagnosed with SAD, his or her worry or fear about being away from family members must last for at least 4 weeks. […] Treatment for SAD often involves a mix of the following: Cognitive behavioral therapy. This treatment helps a child learn how to better handle his or her anxiety. The goal is also to help a child master the situations that may lead to the anxiety. Medicines. Antidepressant or antianxiety medicine may help some children feel calmer. Family therapy. Parents play a vital role in any treatment. School input. A child’s school may also be involved in care. […] Symptoms of SAD are more severe than the normal separation anxiety that nearly every child has to some degree between the ages of 18 months and 3 years of age. […] A mental health evaluation is needed to diagnose SAD. […] Treatment includes therapy and medicines.

• #17 Types of Anxiety Disorders in Children | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/anxiety-disorders-in-children/types

  Although severe anxiety may result in a panic attack, a child with panic disorder often has symptoms of panic without any apparent trigger. […] Unlike the occasional, mild worries children often experience, a panic attack may dramatically affect a child’s life by interrupting his or her normal activities. […] Fears are common in childhood and are usually outgrown as a child matures. For some children and teens, however, fears can become severe. […] If a fear is excessive and persistent it may be a phobia, or an intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. […] Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is an excessive fear of being rejected, humiliated, or embarrassed in front of others. […] Children and adolescents with social phobia worry about a wide range of situations, such as speaking in front of a group, participating in class, talking to adults or peers, starting or joining in conversations, or eating in public.

• #17 Types of Anxiety Disorders in Children | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/anxiety-disorders-in-children/types

  Some children may be insecure and frequently seek reassurance, while others may be self-conscious, self-doubting, or overly concerned about meeting other peoples expectations. Generalized anxiety disorder typically affects school-aged children and adolescents. […] Children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have obsessions intrusive, unwanted thoughts. To relieve the anxiety associated with those thoughts, they perform compulsions, or repetitive actions, rituals, or routines. […] For children with OCD, these thoughts and behaviors significantly interfere with their daily functioning and can cause distress and embarrassment. […] Some children or adolescents may experience extreme discomfort or fear when in certain situations or places, resulting in a panic attack. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, a pounding heart, or tingling sensations throughout the body.

• #18 Childhood Stress and Anxiety > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/childhood-stress-and-anxiety

  Fears and worries that may interfere with a child’s everyday life […] Common types include separation anxiety, social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder […] Anxiety is the most common mental health problem in children and adults and the median age of onset is 11. […] If a child is anxious every day or most days, if the anxiety is intense and severe, and if it goes on for an extended period of timecertainly if for as long as six monthsthats of concern, she says. […] Children with anxiety disorders commonly experience one or several of the following types. […] Anxiety about being away from a parent or caretaker is a normal developmental phase for toddlers, but its of greater concern if a school-age child has difficulty with separation. […] Typically around the third grade or later, as social awareness increases, children may feel intense anxiety about how they appear to others.

• #19

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/childhood-anxiety-disorders

  Separation anxiety disorder: Distress when separation occurs or is anticipated. Fear or reluctance to be alone, clings to parent, or follows parent around the house. Reluctance or refusal to go to school or elsewhere. Complaints of physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated. Reluctance or refusal to go to sleep alone or sleep when away from home. Nightmares with a separation theme. Worries about harm happening to self or caregivers, including fear of dying. […] […] Selective Mutism: Consistent failure to speak in social situations where there is an expectation to speak even though the individual speaks in other situations. […] […] Phobias: Animals, Natural environments, Blood/Injection/Injury, Situational. […] […] Social anxiety disorder: Has fear of and/or avoids participating in group activities. Has fear of and/or avoids going to a party or social event. Has fear of and/or avoids talking with a stranger, on the phone, or in front of a group. Reluctant or refuses to write in front of other people, eat in public, or use a public bathroom. […]

• #19

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/childhood-anxiety-disorders

  Agoraphobia: Fear and worries about using public transportation, being in open spaces or in enclosed places, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being alone outside of the home. Fear and worries about inability to escape or get help in the event that they panic, or experience other incapacity or embarrassing symptoms. […] […] Generalised anxiety disorder: Excessive worry about every day or real-life problems. Restlessness or feeling keyed-up or on edge. Irritability. Muscle tension or non-specific tension. Easily fatigued. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank. Sleep disturbance, especially difficulty falling asleep. Dread or fearful anticipation.

• #20 Childhood Anxiety & Related Disorders | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/childhood-anxiety-related-disorders.28382/

  It is common for children and teens to experience anxiety symptoms of more than one anxiety disorder. […] Children and teens with this disorder worry excessively and uncontrollably about daily life events and are often nicknamed “worry warts”. […] In children, these health worries are excessive, ongoing, and uncontrollable, and often result in frequent visits to medical professionals and reassurance seeking from loved ones all due to exaggerated fears of being ill. […] Symptoms include: ongoing upsetting vivid memories, nightmares, flashbacks of the event, increased arousal such as being jumpy or irritable, and avoiding reminders of the incident. […] These children have excessive anxiety about being separated from parents and/or primary caregivers, such as a grandparent or a nanny, or the home. […] Phobias are characterized by persistent, excessive and unreasonable fears of an object or situation, which significantly interferes with life, and the child or teen is unable to control his/her fear.

• #20 Childhood Anxiety & Related Disorders | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/childhood-anxiety-related-disorders.28382/

  Does My Child Have An Anxiety Disorder? As discussed throughout this website, anxiety is useful in certain situations, some of the time. But how do you, the parent or caregiver, know when the signs of anxiety you are seeing in your child might be significant enough to qualify for an anxiety disorder? […] Next, anxiety specialists have identified that when a child experiences anxiety more often (e.g. most days, and for months at a time), and more intensely than other children of the same age, it is more likely that the child has an anxiety disorder. […] Finally, those children who experience a specific list of anxious symptoms, more frequently and intensely than peers, are more likely to also experience significant disruption in their lives. This disruption can interrupt or even stop him or her from participating in a variety of typical childhood experiences such as: Attending school, Joining social, athletic or recreational clubs, Meeting age expected demands such as sleeping through the night, doing homework, and making friends.

• #21 Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Developmental Issues and Implications for DSM-V

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3018839/

  Childhood and adolescence is the core risk phase for the development of symptoms and syndromes of anxiety that may range from transient mild symptoms to full-blown anxiety disorders. […] This article critically reviews epidemiological evidence covering prevalence, incidence, course, and risk factors. […] The earliest age of onset has been consistently found for separation anxiety disorder and some types of specific phobias (particularly the animal, blood injection injury, and environmental type), with most cases emerging in childhood before the age of 12 years, followed by the onset of social phobia with incidences in late childhood and throughout adolescence. […] Findings suggest that onset of the first or any anxiety disorder is clearly in childhood. […] Anxiety disorders seem to take a chronic course based on findings from clinical adult populations or retrospective studies.

• #21 Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Developmental Issues and Implications for DSM-V

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3018839/

  The secondary development of depressive disorders is a particularly frequent complication across the range of anxiety disorders. […] The identification of early vulnerability and risk factors for anxiety disorders is of crucial importance to facilitate research into the development of targeted prevention or early interventions programs.

• #22 Anxiety In Children: Common Signs and Disorders

  https://blissiree.com/anxiety-in-children-common-signs-and-anxiety-disorders/

  It is natural for kids (including toddlers, pre-schoolers and school-age children) to experience worry and fear at times throughout their childhood. […] However, when a child experiences ongoing or chronic worry (termed as anxiety), it may largely affect their quality of life and can impact their emotional, physical and mental health on a day-to-day basis. Children suffering from anxiety may need professional help and support when their chronic worry: […] Children aged eight years and over are more likely to suffer from an anxiety disorder than children younger than eight years old. […] Anxiety disorders usually arise in children due to a combination of different factors, rather than any single cause. […] The signs (and symptoms) of anxiety in children are many, and the experience of one child may be different to the next, depending on their individual circumstances. Anxiety in kids may present itself in the form of physical, emotional or behavioural signs, as follows:

• #23 Anxiety Disorders: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916933-overview

  According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorders. Many patients with anxiety disorders experience physical symptoms related to anxiety and subsequently visit their primary care providers. Despite the high prevalence rates of these anxiety disorders, they often are underrecognized and undertreated clinical problems. […] Symptoms vary depending on the specific anxiety disorder. […] Most anxiety disorders begin in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder that commonly begins in childhood and during adolescence but can uncommonly begin during adulthood. It often includes anxiety related to going to school and may be a precursor for adult anxiety disorders, most commonly panic disorder.

• #24 Anxiety disorders in children – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/anxiety-disorders-in-children

  Anxiety disorders can have significant effects on social functioning and educational attainment, with the potential for lifelong consequences. Having an anxiety disorder as a child increases the risk of having anxiety or depression as an adult. Additionally, experiencing anxiety in childhood also increases the risk of later suicide attempts, psychiatric admissions and abuse of alcohol or substances. […] Diagnosis of anxiety disorders in childhood has increased over the past two decades and further increases were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. A complex interplay of psychosocial and environmental factors influence the development of anxiety disorders; genetics is also a strong contributing factor, with children of parents who have an anxiety disorder significantly more likely to develop anxiety.

• #25 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment | BJPsych Advances | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents-aetiology-diagnosis-and-treatment/4B01CB20878DE968860331F7D31B83AE

  Research suggests a relationship between preexisting personality traits and later anxiety disorders. […] Traumatic events predispose not only to PTSD, but also to various anxiety disorders, particularly specific phobia and social phobia. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on generalised anxiety and panic disorders in adults covers principles that can be extrapolated to children and adolescents. […] The evidence base for other forms of psychological therapy is less robust. […] Studies evaluating longitudinal outcomes indicate that childhood anxiety disorders generally remit. […] The prognosis for anxiety disorders depends on type of disorder, comorbidity, age at onset and severity at baseline. […] Overall, adolescent anxiety or depression predicts an approximate two- to threefold increase in risk for adult anxiety disorders (and for suicide attempts, psychiatric admissions, and alcohol and substance misuse).

• #25 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment | BJPsych Advances | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents-aetiology-diagnosis-and-treatment/4B01CB20878DE968860331F7D31B83AE

  The presentation of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents shares similarities and differences with that in adults, and may vary significantly, depending on the age of the individual. […] Assessment must differentiate anxiety disorders from developmentally appropriate fears as well as medical conditions and drugs that can mimic anxiety states. […] Anxiety is an uncomfortable experience characterised by emotional (e.g. unease, distress), cognitive (e.g. fears, worries, helplessness), physiological (e.g. muscle tension) and behavioural (e.g. avoidance) changes. […] Anxiety that is excessive or contextually or developmentally inappropriate, causing significant distress and/or functional impairment, can be classified as an anxiety disorder. […] The ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for all types of anxiety disorder stipulate the presence of both emotional and physiological symptoms, either in a specific feared situation or for a specific duration.

• #25 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment | BJPsych Advances | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents-aetiology-diagnosis-and-treatment/4B01CB20878DE968860331F7D31B83AE

  Specific or simple phobias are defined by excessive fear of specific objects or situations that provoke an immediate anxiety response on exposure, causing significant distress and/or functional impairment, for example because of avoidance. […] Panic disorder involves repeated and unexpected attacks of severe anxiety not restricted to any particular situation, accompanied by multiple physical symptoms. […] Children and young people with anxiety disorders may not present to services overtly complaining of anxiety. […] Assessment should differentiate between developmentally appropriate fears and anxiety disorders. […] The relationship is complex, it varies according to the study and much of the association may lie at the extremes of temperament. […] Family studies indicate an association between parental anxiety and depression and anxiety disorders in offspring.

• #26 Anxiety Disorder in Children: Signs & Treatment

  https://clarioncenter.com/blog/anxiety-in-children-signs-and-treatment/

  A supportive home environment can play a crucial role in managing anxiety in children. Consistent routines, open communication and a calm atmosphere can help reduce anxiety symptoms. […] There are several strategies parents and caregivers can use to help their child manage anxiety. These include encouraging open communication, providing reassurance, and teaching relaxation techniques. […] With the right support, children can learn to manage their anxiety and lead happy, healthy lives.

• #27 Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36521463/

  Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, affecting nearly 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents. […] Symptoms of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are similar to those in adults and can include physical and behavioral symptoms such as diaphoresis, palpitations, and tantrums. […] Prognosis is improved with early intervention, caretaker support, and professional collaboration.

• #28 Anxiety in Children: Types, Diagnosis, and Coping

  https://www.parents.com/health/mental/anxiety-in-children-when-to-worry/

  It’s normal for kids to feel anxious sometimes, but when are their worries cause for concern? Learn more about the symptoms and treatment for anxiety in kids. […] But a little over 9% of children aged 3 to 17 have an anxiety disorder, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] For children with anxiety, worries can grow and get more intense over time instead of naturally fading away. […] In severe cases, kids with anxiety may resist eating, sleeping, or going to school, and they may struggle with social development or feeling like they fit in with their peers. […] According to a 2019 research report, 10% of children ages 2 to 5 show signs of an anxiety disorder. […] The following are potential signs of anxiety in toddlers and preschoolers: Anger or aggression, Frequent crying, Difficulty falling or staying asleep, Complaints of stomachaches and headaches, with no clear cause, Tense muscles, Frequent meltdowns or tantrums, Nightmares, Repetitive behaviors, Social withdrawal.

• #28 Anxiety in Children: Types, Diagnosis, and Coping

  https://www.parents.com/health/mental/anxiety-in-children-when-to-worry/

  Even happy-go-lucky kids tend to worry more once they hit age 7 or 8, as they gain a greater understanding of the world around them and realize how much isn’t in their control. […] If they’re anxious that something might happen to a parent, for example, they may have trouble separating or falling asleep. […] If a child refuses to participate in activities other children enjoy, throws a tantrum before every dentist or doctor appointment, complains of feeling sick on Sunday nights, or spends a great deal of time in the school nurse’s office, anxiety may be the culprit. […] Other symptoms of anxiety in children include headaches or stomachaches without medical origin, trouble sleeping, and acting out. […] The difference between normal worry and an anxiety disorder is severity. […] Anxiety in kids can manifest as several different disorders, and many children have a combination of anxiety-related conditions.

• #29 Signs of anxiety in children

  https://www.babycenter.com/child/development/anxiety-in-grade-schoolers_67763

  Untreated, an anxiety disorder can cause low self-esteem, problems with friendships and other relationships, and failure to reach social and academic potential. […] Anxiety disorders in children include: Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Social anxiety disorder (SAD), Panic disorder, Selective mutism, Phobias, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). […] Some signs and symptoms of anxiety in children include: Physical symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, sweating, racing heart, shortness of breath, clammy hands, hot face, dry mouth, dizziness or shakiness, fatigue, and fidgeting. […] Emotional problems such as long-term, persistent worry, irritability, anger, excessive crying, regression (bedwetting, for example), excessive sadness, worry about things before they happen, fear of making mistakes or being embarrassed, lack of confidence, low self-esteem, obsessions or compulsions, tantrums.

• #29 Signs of anxiety in children

  https://www.babycenter.com/child/development/anxiety-in-grade-schoolers_67763

  Performance difficulties like poor academic performance at school, difficulty with attention and concentration. […] Social difficulties such as avoidance of friends and activities they enjoyed in the past, clingy behavior, extreme self-consciousness, lashing out, aggressive behavior, argumentativeness, disruptive behavior at school. […] Sleep problems like nightmares and terrors, and trouble getting to sleep. […] Talk to your child’s doctor or a mental health specialist if your child has persistent signs or symptoms of an anxiety disorder. […] Treatment options include psychotherapy and medication. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the psychotherapy treatment most often used for anxiety in children. […] Medications are sometimes used as part of a treatment program (along with therapy) to ease a child’s anxiety. […] The most common medications used for treating anxiety in children are antidepressants. […] Children sometimes start showing improvement within a week or two of starting medication, but it generally takes 2 to 4 weeks, with additional improvement over 8 to 12 weeks.

• #30 Anxiety and Depression in Children | Children’s Mental Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/children-mental-health/about/about-anxiety-and-depression-in-children.html

  Although fears and worries are typical in children, persistent or extreme forms of fear and sadness could be due to anxiety or depression. […] When a child does not outgrow the fears and worries that are typical in young children, or when there are so many fears and worries that they interfere with school, home, or play activities, the child may be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Anxiety is not one disorder but rather a category of conditions. […] Anxiety may present as fear or worry but can also make children irritable and angry. Anxiety symptoms can also include trouble sleeping, as well as physical symptoms like fatigue, headaches, or stomachaches. Some anxious children keep their worries to themselves and, thus, the symptoms can be missed. […] However, some children feel sad or are uninterested in things that they used to enjoy, or feel helpless or hopeless in situations they are able to change. When children feel persistent sadness and hopelessness, they may be diagnosed with depression. […] Depression can also cause children to act irritable or angry. Depression and anxiety often co-occur among children, adolescents, and adults.

• #31 Anxiety disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: Differences by age and gender in a community sample | Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-psiquiatria-salud-mental-486-articulo-anxiety-disorder-symptoms-in-children-S2173505012000362

  The results indicate that, the older the child, the fewer the symptoms of separation, obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders, but the greater the symptoms of social phobia and anxiety disorder. […] The higher scores in social phobia and generalised anxiety disorder reached at older ages coincide with the published scientific literature that indicates that both the social fears and the excessive worries characteristic of generalised anxiety disorder usually appear from pre-adolescence on.

• #32 Detecting Childhood Anxiety Disorders | Child Mind Institute

  https://childmind.org/article/detecting-childhood-anxiety/

  Anxiety frequently recurs, too, and childhood anxiety is often a precursor for adult anxiety, especially for kids who don’t receive treatment. […] Kids with untreated anxiety also begin to develop poor coping skills. […] People living with anxiety for extended periods of time are also more likely to develop depression. […] Anxiety in a child can look like many different kinds of symptoms. Anxious children may have trouble sleeping, complain about stomachaches, avoid certain places or things, cling to parents, have trouble focusing in school, or have extreme tantrums when they get overwhelmed.

• #33 Anxiety in Children: Types, Symptoms to Look For, and Treatment Options

  https://www.webmd.com/children/signs-anxiety-children

  The earlier anxiety disorders in children can be treated, the better. Early treatment can prevent future difficulties, such as loss of friendships, failure to reach academic potential, and low self-esteem. […] If any of the above symptoms get to a point where they are interfering with your child’s life, you should consider getting an evaluation from a qualified mental health professional, such as a child and adolescent psychiatrist, pediatrician, or licensed clinical social worker. […] If they determine your child needs treatment, they may suggest several options: […] They may also recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a type of talk therapy, where a child tells a therapist about their feelings and experiences. CBT can help children with anxiety unlearn avoidance behaviors. […] Just as they would with an adult, a doctor may prescribe your child medication to help ease their anxiety symptoms. Antidepressants are typically the first choice.

• #34 Anxiety | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/anxiety-in-children

  For children with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety is chronic and interferes with your childs life. […] An accurate diagnosis and early treatment are important in overcoming an anxiety disorder. […] Early treatment is key to overcoming an anxiety disorder and minimizing the chance of recurrence. […] Most children who receive early and effective evidence-based treatment for an anxiety disorder will recover. However, in some children, the anxiety disorder recurs or a different anxiety disorder develops. […] Early treatment is key to minimizing your childs vulnerability to later episodes of anxiety and depression.

• #35 Anxiety Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/anxiety-disorders

  Physical symptoms Include: Rapid heart rate, Quick breathing or difficulty catching one’s breath, Muscle aches (especially stomach and headaches), Shaking, dizziness, tingling, Sweating, Fatigue. […] Emotional symptoms include: Ongoing worries about friends, school, or activities, Worrying about things before they happen, A need for everything to be perfect, Constant thoughts and fears about safety (of self or of others, such as parents and siblings), Reluctance or refusal to go to school, Clingy behavior with parents, Inability to concentrate, Irritability, Trouble sleeping, Inability to relax. […] A child may be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder if symptoms: Are present for at least six months, Cause significant distress for the child, Do not go away, no matter how much the child tries to relax or stop worrying, Impair functioning at home, at school, or with peers. […] With proper treatment, the majority of children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder experience a reduction or elimination of symptoms within several months.

• #36 Anxiety in children – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/children-and-young-adults/advice-for-parents/anxiety-in-children/

  Just like adults, children and young people feel worried and anxious at times. […] But if your child’s anxiety is starting to affect their wellbeing, they may need some help. […] Anxiety becomes a problem for children when it starts to get in the way of their everyday life. […] Severe anxiety like this can harm children’s mental and emotional wellbeing, affecting their self-esteem and confidence. […] When young children feel anxious, they cannot always understand or express what they are feeling. […] In older children you may notice that they: lack confidence to try new things or seem unable to face simple, everyday challenges. […] If your child is really struggling and it’s affecting their everyday life, it might be good to talk to your GP or school nurse. […] If your child’s anxiety is severe, persists and interferes with their everyday life, it’s a good idea to get some help. […] Find out more about treatments on our page about anxiety disorders in children.

• #37 Understanding Anxiety Disorder In Children: Key Symptoms

  https://drchandrilchugh.com/anxiety/anxiety-disorder-in-children/

  Understanding what causes anxiety in children is key to helping them. It comes from a mix of genetic, biological, environmental, and life events. This mix can lead to anxiety. […] Diagnosing anxiety disorder in children is key to helping them. A qualified mental health expert, like a child psychologist or psychiatrist, does this. They look at symptoms, medical history, and how anxiety affects the child’s life. […] Treating anxiety in kids often means using a mix of therapies and sometimes medicine. A child psychiatrist may suggest these treatments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a key and effective way to help kids with anxiety. […] Children with anxiety can benefit from coping strategies and self-care. These practices help them deal with their feelings and build strength. By teaching them to take care of themselves, we help them face anxiety in a better way.

• #38 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Assessment and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anxiety-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Worries and fears are a natural and adaptive part of childhood development and important for good coping and survival. Symptoms meet the criteria for a clinical anxiety disorder when the concerns are unexpected given the child’s developmental level, persistent in the face of reassurance and support, and thus considered excessive. Triggers for anxiety disorders are typically normal development tasks or activities (eg, normative separation tasks such as going to bed alone or going to school; normative social interactions such as raising ones hand in class or ordering food in a restaurant; dealing with everyday uncertainties such as worrying about getting sick if another child is ill). All of these can cause notable distress or impairment in day-to-day functioning. […] Anxiety disorders are the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorders in children (up to 12 years old) and adolescents (13 to 18 years old) are associated with educational underachievement and co-occurring psychiatric conditions, as well as functional impairments that can extend into adulthood. […] Given the high rates of anxiety in youth, screening for anxiety whether or not the individual is manifesting signs or has symptoms of an anxiety disorder may have value in identification, early intervention, and the prevention of anxiety-related morbidity.

• #39 Childhood Anxiety | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/psych/mental-health-professional-resources/primary-care-articles/childhood-anxiety/

  The first step in the assessment and treatment of anxiety is ruling out other mental disorders, environmental exposures and physical conditions that present with anxiety disorder-like symptoms. Next, specifying the type of anxiety disorder will direct treatment. Broadly speaking, most anxiety disorders are treated by a combination of family education, psychotherapy and medications. […] A common theme for all anxiety disorders is that they arise from a perceived threat harm, peer rejection, separation, panic, imperfection or some amalgam of concerns. […] Several medications can help children with moderate to severe anxiety. Evidence supports the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) based on their efficacy and relative safety. […] Medications do not cure anxiety but often reduce it. The combination of medications and psychotherapy is most effective. […] With astute intervention, most children and teens with anxiety disorders can increase their coping skills and learn strategies for success at school, home and in all their pursuits.

• #40 Anxiety in children: Signs, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/anxiety-in-children

  If anxiety is affecting the child’s school life or relationships, a doctor or therapist can help. […] Talking therapies, such as counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), are popular and effective treatment options for anxiety in children. […] According to the authors of a 2015 study, a combination of CBT and SSRIs was more effective than treatment with just therapy or medication alone. […] Treating an anxiety disorder is a process, and it can take time to find the right approach for a child. […] Children can learn to manage their anxiety with the support of loved ones and mental health professionals.

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