Materiały źródłowe

• #1 SciELO Brazil – Performance of the fixed pressure valve with antisiphon device SPHERA^® in the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus and prevention of overdrainage Performance of the fixed pressure valve with antisiphon device

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/Mj3XhT8qBSNGHKfVvYPDxrP/

  Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by the triad of gait apraxia, dementia and urinary incontinence associated with ventriculomegaly and normal pressure of cerebrospinal fluid. […] Treatment is accomplished through the implantation of a ventricular shunt (VPS), however some complications are still frequent, like overdrainage due to siphon effect. […] This study analyses the performance of a valve with anti-siphon device (SPHERA) in the treatment of patients with NPH and compares it with another group of patients with NPH who underwent the same procedure without anti-siphon mechanism (PS Medical valve). […] However, complications and symptomatology due to overdrainage were significantly lower in SPHERA group, suggesting it as a safe tool to treat NPH. […] Many of CSF drainage systems have been designed to prevent excessive drainage such as adjustable valves, flow-regulated valves and gravitational antisiphon valves (the latter two valves not only controlled by differential pressure, but also under the influence of gravity as the position the body).

• #1 Hydrocephalus – symptoms, causes and treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hydrocephalus

  Currently there is no way to prevent hydrocephalus. Treatment can prevent it from getting worse.

• #1 Hydrocephalus: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/hydrocephalus-facts

  Some, but not all causes of hydrocephalus can be prevented. […] Safety gear such as helmets can help prevent head injuries while playing sports, riding a bike, and other activities. […] Car seats and seatbelts can help protect children in the car. […] Regular health care during pregnancy can help lower the chances of problems during pregnancy, including infection and premature birth. […] Meningitis was once a common cause of hydrocephalus. Ask your doctor about a vaccine.

• #1 Hydrocephalus: Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrocephalus

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus, but you can lower your risk and your child’s risk for developing the condition in the following ways: […] Prenatal care. Make sure you get prenatal care during pregnancy. This can help reduce your chance of going into premature labor, which can lead to hydrocephalus. […] Vaccinations. Getting vaccinations can help prevent illnesses and infections that are linked to hydrocephalus. Having regular screenings can also ensure that you get prompt treatment for illnesses or infections that could increase your risk of hydrocephalus. […] Safety equipment. Use safety equipment, like helmets, to prevent head injuries when doing activities like riding a bike. You can also lower your risk of head injuries by always wearing a seat belt. […] Buying safe gear for younger children. It’s essential to secure young children in a car seat. You can also prevent head injuries by making sure your baby equipment, like strollers, meets safety standards. […] By taking steps to hydrocephalus, you can reduce your risk for permanent disability, as well as that of your child.

• #1 All About Hydrocephalus and Treatment Procedures –

  http://www.premierbrainandspine.com/hydrocephalus-treatment/

  Prevention for Hydrocephalus […] Unfortunately, hydrocephalus is not a preventable condition. However, following certain rules can definitely help reduce the risk of the condition: […] Pregnancy Care Make sure you get regular prenatal care during pregnancy. It is important that you follow recommended schedule of the doctor for checkups. This will reduce premature labor risk significantly. A premature delivery places baby at higher risk of developing hydrocephalus and various other complications. […] Vaccination and Screening It is important that you get protection against infectious illness. So follow the recommended vaccination and screening schedules (as recommended by a doctor) for your age and sex. The risk of hydrophalus may be reduced by ensuring prevention and prompt treatment for infections and various illnesses associated with the condition. […] Prevention against Head Injury Safety Equipment Focus on wearing appropriate safety equipment. Infants, toddlers, and children should travel only if appropriate child safety seats and other devices are installed in the car. Baby equipments such as stroller, crib, swing, highchair etc. should meet all safety standards. Make double sure these get properly adjusted for the size and age of baby from time to time. Children and adults must wear helmets while riding motorcycles, bicycles, snowmobiles, skateboards, and all kinds of terrain vehicles. […] Vaccination Against Meningitis It is important to consult a medical practitioner about a vaccine against meningitis, (a common cause of hydrocephalus) for you or your child. The protection is needed for pre-teen children, younger children and adults at increased risk of meningitis due to the reasons listed below: […]

• #1 Health groups call for accelerated spina bifida and hydrocephalus prevention and care worldwide

  https://www.eu-patient.eu/Members/Weekly-Mailing/PUSH-global-alliance/

  In observance of World Birth Defects Day which took place on March 3rd, an international group of organisations working together on spina bifida and hydrocephalus called on the public and policy makers to take action to prevent these serious birth defects. […] PUSH! also called on governments around the world to fortify food items with the B vitamin folic acid, which can reduce the incidence of spina bifida and other serious birth defects of the brain and spine known as neural tube defects (NTDs). […] Health experts in the United States and other countries also recommend that all women of childbearing age take a daily multivitamin containing at least 400 micrograms of folic acid to prevent NTDs. […] The goals are to advance surveillance and prevention efforts, to improve quality of care, and to eliminate disparities in access to care, through research, communications and capacity building.

• #1 Hydrocephalus, Congenital, 1 via the CCDC88C Gene Test – PreventionGenetics

  https://www.preventiongenetics.com/testInfo?val=Hydrocephalus%2C-Congenital%2C-1-via-the-CCDC88C-Gene

  CCDC88C sequencing is recommended for patients who are suspected to have hydrocephalus, congenital, 1. This test may also be considered for the reproductive partners of individuals who carry pathogenic variants in CCDC88C. […] Hydrocephalus, congenital, 1 is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and caused by pathogenic variants in the CCDC88C gene which encodes coiled-coil domain-containing protein 88C. […] This gene appears to be one of the common causes of congenital hydrocephalus.

• #1 Hydrocephalus Panel Test – PreventionGenetics

  https://www.preventiongenetics.com/testInfo?val=Hydrocephalus-Panel

  The Hydrocephalus panel is recommended for patients suspected to have isolated, congenital or pure hydrocephalus. […] Therefore, an accurate molecular diagnosis become critical for treatment, prognosis, prediction of recurrence risk, as well as future family planning. […] This panel focuses on isolated hydrocephalus, as well as disorders with ventriculomegaly as one of their symptoms.

• #1 Hydrocephalus

  https://library.valleymed.org/library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows. […] The goal of treatment is to reduce the pressure inside your baby’s head. This is done by draining the fluid or decreasing its production. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections.

• #1 Hydrocephalus – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/hydrocephalus/

  You cannot really prevent hydrocephalus. In general, you should make sure you eat a healthy diet during pregnancy and avoid harmful substances such as alcohol, smoking, drugs and environmental toxins. During this time, do not take any medication that you do not absolutely need. So the chances are good that your unborn child will develop normally. You should also have regular check-ups during your pregnancy. Antenatal care is a good way of detecting hydrocephalus and other malformations in unborn babies at an early stage. […] A stroke caused by a cerebral hemorrhage or a blood clot can be the cause of hydrocephalus. You can also prevent this to a certain extent by leading a healthy lifestyle: no smoking, plenty of exercise, moderate alcohol consumption and a healthy diet. Brain injuries (traumas) also play a role as a cause. There are also various protective measures here. […] The general advice is to always seek medical advice promptly if you experience any symptoms, for example neurological symptoms such as difficulty standing or headaches. If hydrocephalus is recognized early and treated quickly, late effects can be avoided in many cases.

• #1 Hydrocephalus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/hydrocephalus-types-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-treatment/

  Is it possible to prevent hydrocephalus? […] Although complete prevention of hydrocephalus is not possible, various measures can be taken to reduce the risk of developing hydrocephalus: […] Vaccination: Infection is one of the primary reasons for hydrocephalus. Prevention of infection can be done through vaccination. Meningitis vaccine reduces the risk of hydrocephalus by protecting against meningitis. Further, a healthy diet and food that enhances immunity may also be helpful in keeping the infections at bay. […] Safety: Prevention of head injuries significantly reduces the occurrence of hydrocephalus. Always wear a seat belt while driving a car and helmets while driving two-wheelers. Safety measures should also be followed while playing games, where chances of injury are highespecially in contact sports. The elderly are at high risk of injury due to falling. Proper care should be taken to prevent injuries to the elderly such as handrails on the staircases or not leaving the bathroom floor wet.

• #1 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15849-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus-nph

  NPH happens unpredictably, and half of the cases are idiopathic, meaning they happen for unknown reasons. Idiopathic NPH isnt preventable, and you cant reduce your risk of it happening. […] However, its possible to reduce your risk of secondary NPH by avoiding conditions or circumstances that can cause this condition. Some things you can do include: […] Dont ignore infections. This is especially important for eye and ear infections, which can easily spread to your brain and cause encephalitis or meningitis. […] Wear safety equipment. Traumatic brain injuries are a possible cause of secondary NPH. Wearing a helmet and other safety gear can help you avoid head injuries that could lead to this condition. […] Manage your health conditions. Conditions like high blood pressure can lead to problems like aneurysms or bleeding in your brain, both of which can lead to NPH. Controlling your blood pressure and managing related conditions like Type 2 diabetes or high cholesterol can reduce the risk of these problems.

• #1 Hydrocephalus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181727

  Seniors should keep physically active to make sure lower body strength and balance is adequate (lowering the risk of falls). […] Make sure lighting in the house is bright enough. […] Use nonslip mats on bathtub and shower floors. […] Remove throw rugs and other objects that could cause tripping. […] Stairways should ideally have handrails on both sides. […] Install window guards. […] Place safety gates at the bottom and top of stairs if the children are young. […] The ground surface of a child’s playground should be made of hardwood mulch, sand, or some other shock-absorbing material. […] Firearms should be stored unloaded in a locked safe or cabinet. Bullets should not be stored in the same location.

• #1 Hydrocephalus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus

  There is no known way to prevent NPH. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise, may help avoid conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke that might contribute to NPH. Wearing a seatbelt and safety helmet when indicated can help avoid head injury, another cause of NPH.

• #1 Nonsurgical therapy for hydrocephalus: a comprehensive and critical review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743412/

  The quality of preclinical research studies related to brain protection will be judged using guidelines originally proposed by the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable group and adopted by brain trauma investigators. […] Because CSF dynamics are affected in obstructive forms of hydrocephalus, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s researchers have sought to treat hydrocephalus by reducing CSF production. […] Acetazolamide was shown to reduce the lateral ventricle size of young adult rats, 1 day following injection of thrombin into the ventricle; however, ventricular enlargement was minimal in controls and the survival time too brief to be meaningful. […] Acetazolamide was shown to inhibit aquaporin-mediated water conductance through several molecular pathways. […] Acetazolamide was shown to reduce the lateral ventricle size of young adult rats, 1 day following injection of thrombin into the ventricle; however, ventricular enlargement was minimal in controls and the survival time too brief to be meaningful.

• #1 Nonsurgical therapy for hydrocephalus: a comprehensive and critical review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743412/

  Pharmacological interventions have been tested experimentally and clinically to prevent hydrocephalus and avoid the need for shunting beginning in the 1950s. […] Clinical trials of varied quality have not demonstrated lasting and convincing protective effects through manipulation of cerebrospinal fluid production, diuresis, blood clot fibrinolysis, or manipulation of fibrosis in the subarachnoid compartment, although there remains some promise in the latter areas. […] The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate research concerning pharmacological therapies for hydrocephalus. […] Because some aspects of the pathogenesis of hydrocephalic brain damage are very similar to those that occur in cerebral ischemia (stroke) and brain trauma, evaluation of preclinical research should be similarly robust.

• #1 Opportunities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research: outcomes of the Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text

  https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0096-3

  The goals of the workshop were to identify areas of opportunity in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research and encourage scientific collaboration across a diverse set of fields. […] The primary areas include (1) preventing intraventricular hemorrhage, (2) stopping primary and secondary brain damage, (3) preventing hydrocephalus, (4) repairing brain damage, and (5) improving neurodevelopment outcomes in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. […] The mission of the Hydrocephalus Association is to promote a cure for hydrocephalus and improve the lives of those affected by the condition. […] The workshop brought together a diverse group of researchers including pediatric neurosurgeons, neurologists, and neuropsychologists together with scientists in the fields of brain injury and development, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid dynamics, and the bloodbrain and bloodCSF barriers.

• #1 Opportunities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research: outcomes of the Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text

  https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0096-3

  Determining the mechanism(s) of action on both the ventricular ependyma and choroid plexus epithelia may allow the development of targeted therapies, such as iron chelation, LPA receptor antagonism, or reducing LPA production. […] Prevention or reduction of secondary injury processes and the damage caused by hydrocephalus are active areas of research, with multiple research targets. […] The development of PHH of prematurity involves a series of events resulting in multiple, simultaneous injury processes. […] Correctly predicting who is at risk, determining key time-points and targets for early interventions, and understanding the long-term effects of PHH are essential for preventing, minimizing, or reversing the development of hydrocephalus and improving long-term outcomes. […] Premature neonates are uniquely susceptible to germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and the germinal matrix vasculature is a major target for research.

• #1 Opportunities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research: outcomes of the Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text

  https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0096-3

  Determining the tolerance of the germinal matrix to fluctuations in cerebral blood flow and the interplay between respiratory and cardiac instability and cerebral blood flow will help guide clinical management of premature neonates to reduce the risk of GMH. […] A more in depth understanding of germinal matrix development and physiology will provide new targets for prophylactic therapies aimed at strengthening or otherwise modifying the germinal matrix to make it less susceptible to hemorrhage.

• #1 Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines

  https://www.cns.org/guidelines/pediatric-hydrocephalus/2-management-of-posthemorrhagic-hydrocephalus-in-p

  Recommendation concerning Routine use of Serial lumbar puncture: The routine use of serial lumbar puncture is not recommended to reduce the need for shunt placement or to avoid the progression of hydrocephalus in premature infants. Strength of Recommendation: Level I, high clinical certainty. […] Recommendation concerning nonsurgical temporizing Agents: i. Intraventricular thrombolytic agents including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase, or streptokinase are not recommended as methods to reduce the need for shunt placement in premature infants with PHH. Strength of Recommendation: Level I, high clinical certainty. […] Recommendation concerning nonsurgical temporizing Agents. ii. Acetazolamide and furosemide are not recommended as methods to reduce the need for shunt placement in premature infants with PHH. Strength of Recommendation: Level I, high clinical certainty.

• #1 Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines

  https://www.cns.org/guidelines/pediatric-hydrocephalus/6-preoperative-antibiotics-for-shunt-surgery-in-ch

  The use of preoperative antibiotic agents can be recommended to prevent shunt infection in patients with hydrocephalus. […] It was only by combining the results of the various underpowered studies (meta-analysis) that the use of preoperative antibiotics for shunt surgery in children was shown to lower the risk of shunt infection. […] Given the available literature that met our inclusion criteria, the use of preoperative antibiotics for shunt surgery in children has not been shown to reduce the risk of developing a shunt infection.

• #1 Shunt infection prevention practices in Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network–Quality: a new quality improvement network for hydrocephalus management in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 33 Issue 2 (2023) Journals

  https://thejns.org/pediatrics/view/journals/j-neurosurg-pediatr/33/2/article-p157.xml

  Knowledge-based tools used to standardize perioperative care, such as the shunt infection prevention protocol of the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN), have demonstrated their ability to reduce surgeon-based and center-based variations in outcomes and improve patient care. […] The authors have demonstrated that children undergoing CSF shunt surgery at HCRNq sites share similar demographic characteristics with other large North American multicenter cohorts, with similar observed baseline infection rates and risk factors. Many centers have implemented standardized shunt infection prevention practices, but considerable practice variation remains. As such, there is an opportunity to decrease shunt infection rates in these centers through continued standardization of care. […] Iterative quality improvement methodology and standardization of care can close the gap between best clinical practices and common clinical practices. Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network-Quality (HCRNq) investigators documented potentially important baseline practice variations related to perioperative shunt infection prevention practices, implying that shunt surgery is not standardized and that an opportunity to improve outcomes using knowledge translation interventions exists.

• #1 Using dental antibiotic prophylaxis for hydrocephalus shunts – SPS – Specialist Pharmacy Service – The first stop for professional medicines advice

  https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/using-dental-antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-hydrocephalus-shunts/

  Using dental antibiotic prophylaxis for hydrocephalus shunts […] Antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely required for individuals with shunts for hydrocephalus. […] Occurrence of shunt infections has not been linked with dental procedures, and the theoretical risk appears negligible. […] There is no specific UK guidance relating to shunts and a need for antibiotic prophylaxis. […] UK antimicrobial prescribing guidance for other groups potentially at risk of bacteraemia-induced infection from dental procedures is that antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended. […] Do not routinely prescribe prophylactic antibiotics for invasive dental procedures. […] Prophylactic antibiotics are not required for invasive dental procedures. […] To date, there are no literature reports of dental procedures causing shunt infections.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2022/11000/contactless_ultrasonic_cavitation_for_the.11.aspx

  Obstructive failure of implanted shunts is the most common complication in the treatment of hydrocephalus. […] Unfortunately, at present, there is no effective preventive protocol or cleaning procedure available. […] The technology presented here has the potential to be used routinely as a noninvasive, preventive cleaning procedure to reduce the likelihood of obstruction-related events in patients with hydrocephalus treated with an implanted shunt. […] Although there are no preventive technologies or medical approaches to avoid such complications in the long term, refinement of the surgical technique can decrease rates of infection in the short term. […] By contrast, this study presents a proof of concept of a contactless technology to prevent shunt blockade. […] The method presented here provides a noninvasive approach that might prevent failures. […] This procedure may be used for noninvasive, preventive, cleaning of implanted shunts in patients with hydrocephalus.

• #1 Prevention of hydrocephalus shunt catheter colonisation in vitro by impregnation with antimicrobials. | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/52/5/605

  A process is described by which hydrocephalus shunt catheters can be impregnated with antimicrobials. The processed catheters showed antimicrobial activity at their surfaces for long periods and could be sterilised by autoclaving. […] The process is likely to be useful in prevention of hydrocephalus shunt infection.

• #1 SciELO Brazil – Performance of the fixed pressure valve with antisiphon device SPHERA^® in the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus and prevention of overdrainage Performance of the fixed pressure valve with antisiphon device

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/Mj3XhT8qBSNGHKfVvYPDxrP/

  This study aims to evaluate the performance of a valve with anti-siphon device (SPHERA) in the treatment of patients with NPH and compare it with the performance observed in another group of patients with NPH who underwent the same procedure, but whose valves had no anti-siphon mechanism. […] Overdrainage complications were significantly lower in Group 1 (p = 0.042). […] Thus, SPHERA valve was similar to the fixed pressure valve PS Medical regarding clinical treatment and was superior in the management of overdrainage complications. […] The use of valves with different pressures between the two groups (low and medium) were statistically significant (p = 0.025). […] However, in reality, a larger number of overdrainage complications happened in group 2, reinforcing the role of Anti-siphon device of SPHERA valve in preventing such complications. […] In conclusion, SPHERA valve showed satisfactory results, since the clinical improvement was observed in 66% of patients and complications were significantly less common because of Anti-siphon device. […] However, SPHERA valve is a safe and applicable tool in the treatment of NPH.

• #1 Understanding 9 Advantages of Early Treatment in Pediatric Hydrocephalus – New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience InstituteVisit our FacebookVisit our InstagramVisit our TwitterVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelmap-markerfaxvolume-control-phonelinkedi

  https://njpediatricneurosurgery.com/posts/news/understanding-9-advantages-of-early-treatment-in-pediatric-hydrocephalus/

  Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of complications associated with hydrocephalus, such as increased intracranial pressure, which can lead to brain damage and other serious health issues. […] Prompt treatment prevents prolonged pressure on the brain, thereby minimizing potential brain damage and preserving cognitive functions. […] Early treatment allows for more normal brain development, which is crucial for cognitive abilities like learning, memory, and problem-solving. […] By reducing pressure on the brain early, children are less likely to experience motor deficits, leading to better control of movement and coordination. […] Timely intervention can prevent or reduce neurological deficits, such as vision problems, seizures, and difficulties in coordination and balance.

• #1 Understanding 9 Advantages of Early Treatment in Pediatric Hydrocephalus – New Jersey Pediatric Neuroscience InstituteVisit our FacebookVisit our InstagramVisit our TwitterVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelmap-markerfaxvolume-control-phonelinkedi

  https://njpediatricneurosurgery.com/posts/news/understanding-9-advantages-of-early-treatment-in-pediatric-hydrocephalus/

  Early surgical intervention, particularly with shunt placements, can decrease the risk of shunt infections, a common complication in delayed treatments. […] With early treatment, children with hydrocephalus can enjoy a higher quality of life, experiencing fewer health-related restrictions and better overall well-being. […] There’s a correlation between untreated hydrocephalus and behavioral issues. Early treatment can mitigate these risks, leading to more stable emotional and behavioral development. […] Early, effective intervention can reduce the need for more complex and costly medical treatments in the future, thus lowering the overall healthcare burden.

• #1 Infants | Spina Bifida | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/spina-bifida/living-with/infants.html

  Many babies born with spina bifida get hydrocephalus (called water on the brain). This is caused by brain fluid not appropriately draining through the natural channels in the brain and spinal cord. This results in extra fluid in and around the brain. The extra fluid can cause the spaces in the brain, called ventricles, to become too large, and the head can swell. Hydrocephalus needs to be followed closely and treated properly to prevent brain injury. […] If a baby with spina bifida has hydrocephalus, a neurosurgeon can put in a shunt. A shunt is a small hollow tube. When placed, it drains fluid from the baby’s brain and protects it from too much pressure. […] The most common route a shunt can take is from the brain into the abdominal cavity (ventriculoperitoneal shunt). However, shunts can also drain into the heart or other structures. Additional surgery might be needed to adjust the shunt as the child grows up. Surgery may also be needed if it breaks or becomes clogged or infected.

• #1 Hydrocephalus

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/Library/PreventionGuidelines/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. If your child has a shunt, they will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your child grows. Ask your child’s healthcare provider for symptoms to look out for and when and where to get medical care. Some symptoms of shunt malfunction that need immediate medical help include:

• #1 Hydrocephalus

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. If your child has a shunt, they will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your child grows. Ask your child’s healthcare provider for symptoms to look out for and when and where to get medical care.

• #1 Opportunities in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus research: outcomes of the Hydrocephalus Association Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Workshop | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text

  https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0096-3

  Many maternal factors can alter the risk of IVH in premature neonates. […] Some protective factors are related to health care including access to prenatal care, administration of antenatal corticosteroid regimens, and cesarean delivery. […] Maternal health care disparities likely interact with other factors such as maternal race and education level which have also been associated with risk of IVH in preterm neonates. […] Unexpectedly, preeclampsia has been associated with a decreased risk of IVH. […] The risk of IVH, and subsequently PHH, increases with decreased gestational age and weight. […] Furthermore, the development of PHH is directly related to IVH grade, with over 75% of PHH patients having Grade III/IV IVH. […] Developing methods to reduce such injury is a major research target.

• #1 Postmeningeal Hydrocephalus in Infants: A Case Report of 39 Patients

  https://www.ej-med.org/index.php/ejmed/article/view/2016

  Aim and Objective: This study aimed to report on the management of post-meningeal hydrocephalus in infants at our centre. […] Conclusion: This study highlights the need for prevention and appropriate treatment of meningitis, early detection of hydrocephalus and the effectiveness of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the treatment of hydrocephalus. […] Prevention of meningitis and early detection of hydrocephalus by vaccination against the most common germs, regular measurement of head circumference, systematic transfontanellar ultrasound and lumbar puncture to diagnose and monitor meningitis should be the rule.

• #2 Hydrocephalus: A-to-Z Guide from Diagnosis to Treatment to Prevention | DrGreene

  https://www.drgreene.com/articles/hydrocephalus

  Often it cannot be prevented. Preventing the underlying conditions that lead to hydrocephalus may be the most effective form of prevention.

• #2 Hydrocephalus

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/hydrocephalus/

  Although hydrocephalus cannot be prevented, there are ways to possibly reduce the risks. For example, pregnant women must keep their regular, recommended appointments to reduce the risk of premature birth.

• #2 Hydrocephalus Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/hydrocephalus.html

  A few of the causes of hydrocephalus can be prevented: […] To help avoid severe head injury, wear appropriate protective gear when participating in contact sports or other activities, such as skiing, riding a bike, and sledding, with a risk of head trauma. […] If you are pregnant, visit your doctor as soon as you know you are pregnant and frequently throughout the pregnancy. Your doctor will screen you for infections and other problems that may occur during pregnancy. Regular visits also will reduce the risk of premature birth. Women of child-bearing age should have folate regularly in their diet before becoming pregnant to help prevent the development of neural tube defects, which can lead to hydrocephalus.

• #2 Hydrocephalus | Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment & More | CHOC

  https://choc.org/neuroscience/hydrocephalus/

  We know that as parents you want the best possible care for your child, especially when they have a complex condition. CHOC is the region’s leader in treating complex multicystic hydrocephalus. Our neurosurgeons have pioneered two unique procedures to ensure the most cutting-edge treatment possible for kids with hydrocephalus. We are here for your child and your family through every step of hydrocephalus treatment and are committed to delivering care tailored to your needs. […] The key to treating hydrocephalus is early detection, proper treatment, and prevention of infection. A baby with hydrocephalus requires frequent medical evaluations to ensure proper shunt function. The medical team works closely with the family to provide education and guidance as the baby grows and develops. […] Genetic counseling may be recommended by the baby’s doctor to discuss the risk for recurrence in future pregnancies, as well as prenatal testing for hydrocephalus.

• #2 All About Hydrocephalus and Treatment Procedures –

  http://www.premierbrainandspine.com/hydrocephalus-treatment/

  Prevention for Hydrocephalus […] Unfortunately, hydrocephalus is not a preventable condition. However, following certain rules can definitely help reduce the risk of the condition: […] Pregnancy Care Make sure you get regular prenatal care during pregnancy. It is important that you follow recommended schedule of the doctor for checkups. This will reduce premature labor risk significantly. A premature delivery places baby at higher risk of developing hydrocephalus and various other complications. […] Vaccination and Screening It is important that you get protection against infectious illness. So follow the recommended vaccination and screening schedules (as recommended by a doctor) for your age and sex. The risk of hydrophalus may be reduced by ensuring prevention and prompt treatment for infections and various illnesses associated with the condition. […] Prevention against Head Injury Safety Equipment Focus on wearing appropriate safety equipment. Infants, toddlers, and children should travel only if appropriate child safety seats and other devices are installed in the car. Baby equipments such as stroller, crib, swing, highchair etc. should meet all safety standards. Make double sure these get properly adjusted for the size and age of baby from time to time. Children and adults must wear helmets while riding motorcycles, bicycles, snowmobiles, skateboards, and all kinds of terrain vehicles. […] Vaccination Against Meningitis It is important to consult a medical practitioner about a vaccine against meningitis, (a common cause of hydrocephalus) for you or your child. The protection is needed for pre-teen children, younger children and adults at increased risk of meningitis due to the reasons listed below: […]

• #2 Hydrocephalus: Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrocephalus

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus, but you can lower your risk and your child’s risk for developing the condition in the following ways: […] Prenatal care. Make sure you get prenatal care during pregnancy. This can help reduce your chance of going into premature labor, which can lead to hydrocephalus. […] Vaccinations. Getting vaccinations can help prevent illnesses and infections that are linked to hydrocephalus. Having regular screenings can also ensure that you get prompt treatment for illnesses or infections that could increase your risk of hydrocephalus. […] Safety equipment. Use safety equipment, like helmets, to prevent head injuries when doing activities like riding a bike. You can also lower your risk of head injuries by always wearing a seat belt. […] Buying safe gear for younger children. It’s essential to secure young children in a car seat. You can also prevent head injuries by making sure your baby equipment, like strollers, meets safety standards. […] By taking steps to hydrocephalus, you can reduce your risk for permanent disability, as well as that of your child.

• #2 Hydrocephalus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181727

  Ensuring that all vaccinations have been performed, in particular, the meningitis vaccination, may help reduce the risk of hydrocephalus. […] Regular prenatal care can significantly reduce the risk of having a premature baby, which reduces the risk of the baby developing hydrocephalus. […] Make sure you have had all your vaccinations and attended all the screenings that are recommended for you. […] Meningitis used to be a common cause of hydrocephalus. Vaccination is recommended for some individuals, check with a doctor. […] Wear a seatbelt every time you drive your car or ride as a passenger. […] Make sure children are buckled up. […] Never drive when you are under the influence of alcohol. […] Helmets or specific protective headgear should always be worn when: […] Grab bars should be installed next to the bathtub, shower, and/or toilet.

• #2 Hydrocephalus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.yashodahospitals.com/blog/hydrocephalus-types-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-treatment/

  Is it possible to prevent hydrocephalus? […] Although complete prevention of hydrocephalus is not possible, various measures can be taken to reduce the risk of developing hydrocephalus: […] Vaccination: Infection is one of the primary reasons for hydrocephalus. Prevention of infection can be done through vaccination. Meningitis vaccine reduces the risk of hydrocephalus by protecting against meningitis. Further, a healthy diet and food that enhances immunity may also be helpful in keeping the infections at bay. […] Safety: Prevention of head injuries significantly reduces the occurrence of hydrocephalus. Always wear a seat belt while driving a car and helmets while driving two-wheelers. Safety measures should also be followed while playing games, where chances of injury are highespecially in contact sports. The elderly are at high risk of injury due to falling. Proper care should be taken to prevent injuries to the elderly such as handrails on the staircases or not leaving the bathroom floor wet.

• #2 THE PREVENTION OF POSTHEMORRHAGIC HYDROCEPHALUS WITH SERIAL LUMBAR PUNCTURES: A CONTROLLED TRIAL | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/pr19841484

  We conclude that serial LP’s do not prevent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants.

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures if hydrocephalus shunts – Primary Care Notebook

  https://primarycarenotebook.com/pages/uncategorised/antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-dental-procedures-if-hydrocephalus-shunts

  antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely required for individuals with shunts for hydrocephalus […] occurrence of shunt infections has not been linked with dental procedures and the theoretical risk appears negligible […] is no specific UK guidance relating to shunts and a need for antibiotic prophylaxis […] antibiotic prophylaxis is not considered necessary unless the individual has other clinical risk factors as described by UK antimicrobial prescribing guidance (1) […] prophylactic antibiotics should not be routinely prescribed if a shunt has vascular access (1) […] prophylactic antibiotics are not required (1)

• #2 Hydrocephalus

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. If your child has a shunt, they will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your child grows. Ask your child’s healthcare provider for symptoms to look out for and when and where to get medical care.

• #2 Hydrocephalus

  https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/HealthyKidsTeens/90,P02367

  What can I do to prevent hydrocephalus in my child? You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections.

• #2 Hydrocephalus

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/YourFamily/Children/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows.

• #3 Hydrocephalus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181727

  Ensuring that all vaccinations have been performed, in particular, the meningitis vaccination, may help reduce the risk of hydrocephalus. […] Regular prenatal care can significantly reduce the risk of having a premature baby, which reduces the risk of the baby developing hydrocephalus. […] Make sure you have had all your vaccinations and attended all the screenings that are recommended for you. […] Meningitis used to be a common cause of hydrocephalus. Vaccination is recommended for some individuals, check with a doctor. […] Wear a seatbelt every time you drive your car or ride as a passenger. […] Make sure children are buckled up. […] Never drive when you are under the influence of alcohol. […] Helmets or specific protective headgear should always be worn when: […] Grab bars should be installed next to the bathtub, shower, and/or toilet.

• #3 Hydrocephalus

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P02367

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your babys healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. If your child has a shunt, they will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your childs healthcare team will work closely with you as your child grows. Ask your child’s healthcare provider for symptoms to look out for and when and where to get medical care.

• #3 Hydrocephalus | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/neuroscience-center/conditions-we-treat/hydrocephalus

  You can’t prevent hydrocephalus in your child. But your baby’s healthcare provider may suggest genetic counseling if you plan to have more children. Through counseling, you can learn about the risk for this condition in future pregnancies. You may also need testing during pregnancy to check for hydrocephalus. […] The key to treating this condition is getting it diagnosed and treated early, and preventing infections. Your baby will need regular checkups to make sure their shunt is working right. Your child’s healthcare team will work closely with you as your baby grows.

• #4 Hydrocephalus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181727

  Seniors should keep physically active to make sure lower body strength and balance is adequate (lowering the risk of falls). […] Make sure lighting in the house is bright enough. […] Use nonslip mats on bathtub and shower floors. […] Remove throw rugs and other objects that could cause tripping. […] Stairways should ideally have handrails on both sides. […] Install window guards. […] Place safety gates at the bottom and top of stairs if the children are young. […] The ground surface of a child’s playground should be made of hardwood mulch, sand, or some other shock-absorbing material. […] Firearms should be stored unloaded in a locked safe or cabinet. Bullets should not be stored in the same location.

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