Wodogłowie
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Wodogłowie to złożone schorzenie neurologiczne charakteryzujące się nadmiernym gromadzeniem płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego (PMR) w układzie komorowym, prowadzącym do zwiększonego ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego (ICP). Wyróżnia się wodogłowie komunikujące i niekomunikujące, różniące się miejscem blokady przepływu PMR. Kluczowa jest kompleksowa ocena neurologiczna obejmująca monitorowanie stanu świadomości, funkcji motorycznych, odruchów, reakcji źrenic oraz parametrów życiowych takich jak ciśnienie krwi, tętno i oddech. U niemowląt istotny jest codzienny pomiar obwodu głowy (w cm) i ocena ciemiączek. Diagnostyka i leczenie, w tym interwencje chirurgiczne z zastosowaniem zastawki, wymagają ścisłego monitorowania objawów zwiększonego ICP, funkcjonowania zastawki oraz zapobiegania powikłaniom, takim jak infekcje czy dysfunkcja zastawki manifestująca się m.in. bólem głowy, wymiotami i letargiem.

Wprowadzenie do wodogłowia

Wodogłowie (łac. hydrocephalus) jest złożonym schorzeniem neurologicznym, charakteryzującym się nadmiernym gromadzeniem się płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego (PMR) w układzie komorowym mózgu. To zaburzenie może prowadzić do zwiększonego ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego, powodując ucisk na otaczające tkanki mózgowe i potencjalne uszkodzenia, jeśli nie zostanie skutecznie leczone. Wodogłowie może być klasyfikowane jako komunikujące (gdy przepływ PMR jest blokowany po opuszczeniu komór i nie jest prawidłowo wchłaniany do przestrzeni podpajęczynówkowej) lub niekomunikujące/obturacyjne (gdy przepływ PMR jest blokowany wzdłuż jednego z przejść łączących komory)12.

Wczesne rozpoznanie i leczenie wodogłowia mają kluczowe znaczenie dla pomyślnego wyniku i zapobiegania trwałym deficytom neurologicznym. Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę w multidyscyplinarnym zespole, aktywnie uczestnicząc w ocenie, zarządzaniu i wspieraniu pacjentów z wodogłowiem w całym procesie opieki zdrowotnej1.

Ocena pielęgniarska pacjenta z wodogłowiem

Dokładna ocena pielęgniarska jest niezbędna w opiece nad pacjentem z wodogłowiem. W zależności od wieku pacjenta, ocena może różnić się w zakresie kluczowych obserwacji i testów1.

Ocena neurologiczna

Kompleksowa ocena neurologiczna powinna obejmować monitorowanie wskaźników zwiększonego ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego (ICP), które są zależne od wieku i obejmują1:

  • Stan świadomości
  • Funkcje motoryczne
  • Równowagę
  • Odruchy (u noworodków i niemowląt)
  • Funkcje nerwów czaszkowych
  • Reakcję źrenic na światło

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Regularnie należy przeprowadzać dokładne badanie neurologiczne w celu oceny wyjściowych funkcji poznawczych, umiejętności motorycznych, odruchów i funkcji nerwów czaszkowych2.

Parametry życiowe i stan fizyczny

Monitorowanie parametrów życiowych jest kluczowe w wykrywaniu oznak zwiększonego ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego. Należy obserwować1:

  • Wahania ciśnienia krwi
  • Tachykardię
  • Płytki oddech
  • Triadę Cushinga (bradykardia, depresja oddechowa, zwiększona amplituda tętna)

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U niemowląt i małych dzieci szczególnie ważny jest pomiar obwodu głowy i ocena ciemiączek1. Obwód głowy należy mierzyć w najszerszym miejscu (obwód czołowo-potyliczny), codziennie o tej samej porze i zapisywać wynik w centymetrach2.

Ocena zachowania i funkcji fizjologicznych

Ważne jest monitorowanie zmian w zachowaniu, takich jak3:

  • Drażliwość
  • Letarg
  • Zmiany w schematach karmienia
  • Oznaki dyskomfortu

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Inne ważne aspekty oceny obejmują4:

  • Stan ciemiączka
  • Stan świadomości
  • Reakcję źrenic
  • Wzorzec oddychania
  • Stan skóry głowy i obecność odleżyn
  • Nietrzymanie moczu i stolca
  • Deficyty neurologiczne
  • Aktywność motoryczną
  • Zmiany w zachowaniu podczas karmienia

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Diagnozy pielęgniarskie w wodogłowiu

Na podstawie danych z oceny, główne diagnozy pielęgniarskie w wodogłowiu obejmują5:

  • Ryzyko urazu związane ze zwiększonym ciśnieniem wewnątrzczaszkowym
  • Ryzyko naruszenia integralności skóry związane z unieruchomieniem fizycznym
  • Ryzyko infekcji związane z obecnością zastawki
  • Ryzyko opóźnionego wzrostu i rozwoju związane z upośledzeniem zdolności do osiągania zadań rozwojowych
  • Niepokój związany z obawą opiekunów rodzinnych o wynik operacji
  • Deficyt wiedzy związany ze zrozumieniem przez rodzinę stanu dziecka i opieki domowej

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Dodatkowo, ważne diagnozy pielęgniarskie obejmują67:

  • Niewydolna perfuzja tkankowa mózgowa związana ze zwiększonym ciśnieniem wewnątrzczaszkowym przed operacją
  • Niezrównoważone odżywianie: mniej niż zapotrzebowanie organizmu związane ze zmniejszonym przyjmowaniem pokarmów i wymiotami
  • Dysfunkcja zastawki, na co wskazują: zwiększone ICP, ból głowy, wymioty, letarg, drażliwość, ezotropia (oczy patrzą do wewnątrz), porażenie spojrzenia ku górze

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Planowanie i interwencje pielęgniarskie

Cele opieki nad noworodkiem z wodogłowiem obejmują1:

  • Zapobieganie urazom
  • Utrzymanie integralności skóry
  • Zapobieganie infekcjom
  • Utrzymanie wzrostu i rozwoju
  • Zmniejszenie lęku rodziny

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Interwencje przedoperacyjne

Przed zabiegiem chirurgicznym, interwencje pielęgniarskie powinny obejmować1:

  • Obserwację objawów zwiększonego ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego i natychmiastowe raportowanie
  • Pomoc w procedurach diagnostycznych w celu określenia przyczyny wodogłowia i wskazań do interwencji chirurgicznej
  • Wyjaśnienie procedury dziecku i rodzicom na ich poziomie rozumienia
  • Podawanie przepisanych leków uspokajających 30 minut przed zabiegiem
  • Organizację aktywności tak, aby dziecko mogło odpocząć po podaniu środka uspokajającego

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Interwencje pooperacyjne

Po operacji, kluczowe interwencje pielęgniarskie obejmują23:

  • Ocenę objawów zwiększonego ICP i codzienne pomiary obwodu głowy
  • Podawanie przepisanych leków, w tym antybiotyków w celu zapobiegania infekcjom i leków przeciwbólowych
  • Opiekę nad zastawką:
    • Monitorowanie infekcji i dysfunkcji zastawki, które mogą charakteryzować się szybkim wystąpieniem wymiotów, silnym bólem głowy, drażliwością, letargiem, gorączką, zaczerwienieniem wzdłuż drogi zastawki i płynem wokół zaworu zastawki
    • Zapobieganie infekcjom
    • Monitorowanie nadmiernego drenażu zastawki (ból głowy, zawroty głowy i nudności)

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Po wentrikulografii ważne jest ścisłe obserwowanie4:

  • Wycieku PMR z miejsc nakłuć podtwardówkowych lub komorowych
  • Reakcji na środki uspokajające, szczególnie depresji oddechowej
  • Zmian parametrów życiowych wskazujących na wstrząs
  • Objawów zwiększonego ICP, które mogą wystąpić, jeśli powietrze zostało wstrzyknięte do komór

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Utrzymanie perfuzji mózgowej

Aby utrzymać lub poprawić perfuzję mózgową, należy12:

  • Umieścić wezgłowie łóżka w pozycji półsiedzącej (15-45 stopni)
  • Utrzymywać głowę pacjenta w pozycji neutralnej
  • Zapewnić tlenoterapię wg potrzeby
  • Monitorować objawy infekcji zastawki po jej założeniu
  • Rejestrować parametry życiowe co godzinę
  • Podawać leki zgodnie z zaleceniami
  • Monitorować zwiększone ICP
  • Wdrożyć środki ostrożności dotyczące drgawek i upadków:
    • Zmniejszyć bodźce
    • Promować leżenie w łóżku
    • Podawać środki zmiękczające stolec
  • Monitorować obwód głowy

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Zapewnienie odpowiedniego żywienia

Karmienie może być trudne, ponieważ dziecko może być apatyczne, anorektyczne i skłonne do wymiotów. Interwencje obejmują4:

  • Zakończenie wszystkich czynności pielęgnacyjnych i zabiegów przed karmieniem, aby dziecko nie było niepokojone po karmieniu
  • Trzymanie niemowlęcia w pozycji półsiedzącej z dobrze podpartą głową podczas karmienia
  • Zapewnienie wystarczającego czasu na odbijanie
  • Oferowanie małych, częstych posiłków
  • Umieszczenie dziecka na boku z uniesioną głową po karmieniu

4

Utrzymanie integralności skóry

Aby zapobiec odleżynom, zwłaszcza na głowie, należy5:

  • Umieścić dziecko na podkładce z gąbki lub owczej wełny, albo na materacu zmiennociśnieniowym lub typu „jajko”, aby równomiernie rozłożyć ciężar
  • Utrzymywać skórę głowy w czystości i suchości
  • Zapewnić skrupulatną pielęgnację skóry wszystkich części ciała i obserwować skórę pod kątem efektów ucisku
  • Zapewnić pasywne ćwiczenia zakresu ruchu kończyn, zwłaszcza nóg
  • Utrzymywać oczy nawilżone sztucznymi łzami, jeśli dziecko ma trudności z mruganiem

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Edukacja i wsparcie dla pacjenta i rodziny

Edukacja rodziny jest kluczowym elementem opieki pielęgniarskiej. Należy uwzględnić następujące aspekty6:

  • Zachęcanie dziecka do uczestnictwa w odpowiednich dla wieku aktywnościach, na ile pozwala jego stan
  • Zachęcanie rodziców do zapewnienia, na ile to możliwe, normalnego stylu życia
  • Wyjaśnienie, jak rozpoznawać objawy zwiększonego ICP; subtelne oznaki obejmują zmiany w wynikach szkolnych, okresowe bóle głowy i łagodne zmiany zachowania
  • Zorganizowanie dla dziecka częstych badań rozwojowych i rutynowych kontroli medycznych

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Instrukcje przy wypisie

Przy wypisie ze szpitala, należy omówić z rodzicami/opiekunami12:

  • Prawidłową higienę rąk w celu zmniejszenia rozprzestrzeniania się infekcji
  • Znaczenie bezpieczeństwa w zapobieganiu urazom mózgu
  • Objawy zwiększonego ICP
  • Znaczenie regularnych wizyt kontrolnych i kiedy szukać porady medycznej
  • Skierowanie do terapeuty zajęciowego i rozwojowego (dla niemowląt i dzieci)
  • Skierowanie do specjalisty zdrowia psychicznego (dla wsparcia emocjonalnego)
  • Skierowanie do pracownika socjalnego

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Instrukcje przy wypisie powinny obejmować również3:

  • Podawanie leków przeciwbólowych zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza
  • Codzienne mycie nacięcia łagodnym mydłem, płukanie wodą i delikatne osuszanie
  • Zakaz moczenia dziecka w wannie lub basenie do czasu całkowitego zagojenia nacięcia
  • Świadomość, że nowsze zastawki są kompatybilne z MRI

3

Kiedy szukać pomocy medycznej

Rodzice/opiekunowie powinni natychmiast skontaktować się z lekarzem, jeśli zauważą u dziecka4:

  • Piskliwy płacz lub zwiększoną drażliwość
  • Problemy z ssaniem, piciem lub jedzeniem
  • Gorączkę
  • Sztywność karku
  • Problemy z oddychaniem
  • Drgawki
  • Uraz głowy
  • Ból głowy lub zaburzenia widzenia
  • Krwawienie, drenaż lub ropę w miejscu nacięcia
  • Utratę apetytu, wymioty lub ból brzucha
  • Dezorientację lub senność występującą częściej niż zwykle

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Monitorowanie i opieka długoterminowa

Wodogłowie wymaga długoterminowego monitorowania i opieki. Pacjenci z zastawkami powinni być regularnie kontrolowani1:

  • Pierwsza wizyta kontrolna zwykle jest planowana 3 miesiące po operacji, a wówczas należy wykonać badanie CT lub MRI głowy
  • Kontrole są przeprowadzane co 6-12 miesięcy w pierwszych 2 latach życia
  • U dzieci w wieku 2 lat i starszych kontrole przeprowadza się co 2 lata

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Pacjenci z zastawkami powinni być regularnie badani przez neurochirurga w celu monitorowania prawidłowego funkcjonowania zastawki2. Większość dzieci odwiedza neurochirurga co trzy do sześciu miesięcy w pierwszym roku po operacji, a następnie co roku3.

Terapie wspomagające

Niektóre dzieci z wodogłowiem mogą potrzebować terapii wspomagających. Potrzeba tych terapii zależy od długoterminowych powikłań wodogłowia1:

  • Zespoły opieki nad dziećmi mogą obejmować:
    • Pediatrę lub fizjatrę, który nadzoruje plan leczenia i opiekę medyczną
    • Neurologa dziecięcego, który specjalizuje się w diagnozowaniu i leczeniu schorzeń neurologicznych u dzieci
    • Terapeutę zajęciowego, który specjalizuje się w terapii rozwijającej codzienne umiejętności
    • Terapeutę rozwojowego, który specjalizuje się w terapii pomagającej dziecku rozwijać zachowania odpowiednie do wieku, umiejętności społeczne i interpersonalne
    • Specjalistę zdrowia psychicznego, takiego jak psycholog lub psychiatra
    • Pracownika socjalnego, który pomaga rodzinie uzyskać potrzebne usługi i planować przejścia w opiece

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Dokumentacja pielęgniarska

Dokumentacja dla pacjenta z wodogłowiem powinna zawierać2:

  • Indywidualne czynniki ryzyka, w tym niedawną lub aktualną antybiotykoterapię
  • Miejsca wprowadzenia, charakter drenażu
  • Objawy procesu infekcyjnego
  • Plan opieki
  • Plan edukacji
  • Odpowiedzi na interwencje, nauczanie i wykonywane działania
  • Osiągnięcie lub postęp w kierunku pożądanych wyników
  • Modyfikacje planu opieki
  • Potrzeby przy wypisie

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Specjalistyczna opieka i interdyscyplinarność

Wodogłowie wymaga specjalistycznej opieki, często w ośrodkach o dużym doświadczeniu. Badania wskazują, że wyniki operacji zastawkowych w leczeniu wodogłowia u dzieci są lepsze, jeśli operacje są wykonywane w ośrodkach o dużej liczbie zabiegów1.

Pacjenci z wodogłowiem wymagają opieki multidyscyplinarnej, w której uczestniczą12:

  • Neurochirurdzy
  • Neurolodzy
  • Specjaliści rehabilitacji
  • Terapeuci zajęciowi
  • Terapeuci rozwojowi
  • Psycholodzy i psychiatrzy
  • Pracownicy socjalni

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Ten multidyscyplinarny zespół współpracuje, aby zapewnić kompleksową opiekę pacjentom z wodogłowiem, monitorując zastawki, oceniając rozwój neurologiczny i zapewniając wsparcie rodzinie3.

Podsumowanie i oczekiwane wyniki

Pomyślne wyniki opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentem z wodogłowiem obejmują34:

  • Zapobieganie urazom
  • Utrzymanie integralności skóry
  • Zapobieganie infekcjom
  • Utrzymanie wzrostu i rozwoju
  • Zmniejszenie lęku rodziny
  • Ustąpienie zwiększonego ICP
  • Poprawa drenażu PMR
  • Zmniejszenie obwodu głowy
  • Poprawa równowagi i funkcji motorycznych

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Dzięki odpowiedniej opiece i monitorowaniu, wiele osób z wodogłowiem może prowadzić normalne życie. Jednak stan i powikłania po operacji mogą się znacznie różnić w zależności od pacjenta. Ważne jest, aby współpracować z zespołem opieki zdrowotnej w celu uzyskania potrzebnej opieki5.

Większość dzieci, które mają wodogłowie, pomyślnie wraca do zdrowia po operacji i prowadzi zdrowe życie4. Wczesne wykrycie, skuteczne leczenie i odpowiednie usługi interwencyjne poprawiają rokowanie dla osób z wodogłowiem6.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Hydrocephalus | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/hydrocephalus?parentId=31758
    Nursing Points […] General […] Types […] Communicating […] Flow of CSF is blocked after it exits the ventricles not being absorbed into the subarachnoid space […] Non-communicating Obstructive […] Flow of CSF is blocked along one of the passageways connecting the ventricles […] Assessment […] Infant […] Increasing head circumference […] Bulging fontanels […] Sunsetting eyes […] Downward deviation of eyes […] Vomiting […] Sleeplessness […] Irritability […] Seizures […] Shrill, high pitched cry […] Child […] Headache on waking […] Nausea and vomiting […] Vision changes […] Strabismus […] Poor balance and coordination […] Sunsetting eyes […] Lethargy, change in level of consciousness […] Therapeutic Management […] Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt)
  • #1 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Planning and Management: Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hydrocephalus/
    Hydrocephalus, a complex neurological condition, poses significant challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, in providing specialized care to individuals affected by this condition. […] Nurses play a crucial role in the multidisciplinary team, actively contributing to the assessment, management, and support of patients with hydrocephalus throughout their healthcare journey. […] Managing a child with hydrocephalus warrants skill and compassion for nurses and all the members of the healthcare team. […] Accurate information is essential in the assessment of the child with hydrocephalus. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: Risk for Injury related to increased ICP, Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to pressure from physical immobility, Risk for Infection related to the presence of a shunt, Risk for Delayed Growth and Development related to impaired ability to achieve developmental tasks, Anxiety related to the family caregivers fear of the surgical outcome, Deficient Knowledge related to the familys understanding of the childs condition and home care.
  • #1 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Plan […] Assessment […] The neurological assessment for ICP indicators is age-dependent and include assessment of: […] Mental status […] Motor function […] Balance […] Reflexes (for newborns and infants) […] Cranial nerve function […] Pupillary reaction to light […] Full set of vital signs, which should be observed for: […] Fluctuating blood pressure […] Tachycardia […] Shallow breathing […] Cushings triad: […] Bradycardia […] Respiratory depression […] Widening pulse pressure […] Measurement of head circumference and assessment of fontanelles […] Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Impaired skin integrity, as evidenced by: […] Immobility […] Shunt infection, as evidenced by: […] Fever […] Lethargy […] Irritability
  • #1 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Planning and Management: Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hydrocephalus/
    The goals for the care of the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Maintaining skin integrity, Preventing infection, Maintaining growth and development, Reducing family anxiety. […] Nursing interventions for the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Promoting skin integrity, Preventing infection, Promoting growth and development, Reducing family anxiety, Providing family teaching. […] Goals met are evidenced by: Prevention of injury, Maintenance of skin integrity, Prevention of infection, Maintenance of growth and development, Reduction of family anxiety. […] Documentation for a patient with hydrocephalus includes: Individual risk factors including recent or current antibiotic therapy, Insertion sites, character of drainage, Signs and symptoms of infectious process, Plan of care, Teaching plan, Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed, Attainment or progress towards desired outcomes, Modifications to plan of care, Discharge needs.
  • #1 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING INTERVENTIONS MAINTAINING CEREBRAL PERFUSION OBSERVE FOR EVIDENCE OF INCREASED ICP, AND REPORT IMMEDIATELY. ASSIST WITH DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF HYDROCEPHALUS AND INDICATION FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION. EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE TO THE CHILD AND PARENTS AT THEIR LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION. ADMINISTER PRESCRIBED SEDATIVES 30 MINUTES BEFORE THE PROCEDURE TO ENSURE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES SO THE CHILD IS PERMITTED TO REST AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEDATIVE. […] OBSERVE CLOSELY AFTER VENTRICULOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING: LEAKING OF CSF FROM THE SITES OF SUBDURAL OR VENTRICULAR TAPS. THESE TAP HOLES SHOULD BE COVERED WITH A SMALL PIECE OF GAUZE OR COTTON SATURATED WITH COLLODION. REACTIONS TO THE SEDATIVE, ESPECIALLY RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. CHANGES IN VITAL SIGNS INDICATIVE OF SHOCK. SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP, WHICH MAY OCCUR IF AIR HAS BEEN INJECTED INTO THE VENTRICLES
  • #1 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    Headache […] Increased ICP […] Ineffective tissue perfusion, as evidenced by: […] Brief, high-pitched cry (infants) […] Lethargy […] Restlessness […] Delayed growth and development (infants and children), as evidenced by: […] Impaired neurological function […] Inability to reach developmental milestones […] Shunt malfunction, as evidenced by: […] Increased ICP […] Headache […] Vomiting […] Lethargy […] Irritability […] Esotropia (eyes gaze turns inward) […] Upward gaze paralysis […] Interventions […] Position the head of the bed in semi-Fowlers (i.e., 15 to 45) […] Keep the individuals head in a neutral position […] Provide oxygen cannulation, as needed […] Monitor for sign and symptoms of shunt infection post-insertion […] Record vital signs hourly
  • #1 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    The importance of regular follow up with their healthcare provider and when to seek medical advice […] Referral to an occupational and development (for infants and children) therapist […] Referral to a mental health provider (for emotional support) […] Referral to a social worker […] Review the medical management of hydrocephalus: […] Basic pathophysiology of hydrocephalus […] Purpose of a shunt […] Complications of a shunt insertion […] Signs and symptoms of shunt malfunction and infections […] For NPH specifically: […] Review safety and supportive measures with individuals and their caregivers: […] Avoid excessive stimulation […] Provide structure and routine, especially if dementia persists, to promote the feeling of independence […] Promote self-care for caregivers looking after individuals with dementia- induced NPH […] Referral to organizations for further information on NPH and dementia (e.g., Alzheimers or Hydrocephalus Associations)
  • #1 Hydrocephalus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135286-treatment
    Medical treatment in hydrocephalus is used to delay surgical intervention. It may be tried in premature infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (in the absence of acute hydrocephalus). Normal CSF absorption may resume spontaneously during this interim period. […] Medical treatment is not effective in long-term treatment of chronic hydrocephalus. It may induce metabolic consequences and thus should be used only as a temporizing measure. […] Patients on acetazolamide (ACZ) or furosemide (FUR) should be followed for possible electrolyte imbalance and metabolic acidosis. Clinical signs that should prompt attention are lethargy, tachypnea, or diarrhea. […] Patients with shunts should be reevaluated periodically, including assessment of distal shunt length in growing children. The first follow-up examination usually is scheduled 3 months after surgery, and CT scan or MRI of the head should be done at that time. Follow-up is performed every 6-12 months in the first 2 years of life. In children aged 2 years and older, follow-up is performed every 2 years.
  • #1 Hydrocephalus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373609
    Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your hydrocephalus-related health concerns […] People who have hydrocephalus usually need a shunt system for the rest of their lives. They require regular monitoring. […] Some people with hydrocephalus, particularly children, might need supportive therapies. Need for these therapies depends on the long-term complications of hydrocephalus. […] Children’s care teams might include: Pediatrician or physiatrist, who oversees the treatment plan and medical care. Pediatric neurologist, who specializes in diagnosing and treating neurological conditions in children. Occupational therapist, who specializes in therapy to develop everyday skills. Developmental therapist, who specializes in therapy to help your child develop age-appropriate behaviors, social skills and interpersonal skills. Mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Social worker, who helps the family get needed services and plan for transitions in care. […] Adults with more serious complications might need the services of occupational therapists or social workers. Or they may need to see specialists in dementia care or other medical specialists.
  • #1 Hydrocephalus | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/yogeshdeyogeshdengale/hydrocephalus-77503689
    Interventions for providing adequate nutrition include being aware that feeding is frequently difficult because the child may be listless, and prone to vomiting. Complete nursing care and treatments before feeding so the child will not be disturbed after feeding. Hold the infant in a semi-sitting position with head well supported during feeding. Offer small and frequent feedings. Place the child on side with head elevated after feeding to prevent aspiration. […] Interventions to maintain skin integrity include preventing pressure sore, keeping the scalp clean and dry, turning the child head frequently, and giving range of motion exercise. […] Research indicates that results of shunt surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus in children are improved if the surgery is performed in high-volume centres.
  • #1 Multidisciplinary approach to hydrocephalus care – Children’s National
    https://innovationdistrict.childrensnational.org/multidisciplinary-team-care-hydrocephalus-patients/
    Reflective of the myriad symptoms and complications that can accompany hydrocephalus, a multidisciplinary team at Childrens National works with patients and families for much of childhood. […] We have a number of ways to treat hydrocephalus. It is one of the most common conditions that pediatric neurosurgeons treat, Dr. Magge adds. […] Unlike fluid build-up elsewhere in the body where there are escape routes, with hydrocephalus spinal fluid becomes trapped in the brain. To remove it, surgeons typically implant a flexible tube called a shunt that drains excess fluid into the abdomen, an interim stop before it is flushed away. […] Neuropsychologists work with schools in order to help create the most successful academic environment for the child. […] Every child affected by hydrocephalus is so different. Every parent should know that their child can learn, Granader says.
  • #2 5 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care… – Planning Nursing Care – NCPFacebookShared with Public
    https://www.facebook.com/PlanningNursingCare/posts/5-hydrocephalus-nursing-care-planshttpsplanningnursingcareblogspotcom2020075-hyd/150846383247303/
    Hydrocephalus is an excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system resulting in the enlargement of the intracranial cavity. This occurs from an irregularity in the production and absorption of the fluid which causes an increase in intracranial pressure as the fluid builds up. […] Hydrocephalus can be classified as communicating or noncommunicating. Communicating occurs when there is an impaired resorption of cerebrospinal fluid, usually at the level of the arachnoid villi. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is caused by an obstruction within the ventricular system. […] The nursing goals for a client with hydrocephalus may include improving cerebral tissue perfusion, reducing anxiety, preventing injury, and the absence of complications.
  • #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-hydrocephalus
    Conduct a thorough neurological examination to assess baseline cognitive function, motor skills, reflexes, and cranial nerve function. […] Regularly monitor vital signs, with particular attention to changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, as alterations may indicate increased intracranial pressure. […] In pediatric patients, monitor and record head circumference to identify abnormal growth patterns or rapid increases, which may indicate worsening hydrocephalus. […] Assess the fontanelles for bulging or tension, as these signs may suggest increased intracranial pressure. […] Monitor for alterations in behavior, such as irritability, lethargy, changes in feeding patterns, or signs of discomfort, which may indicate neurological distress. […] Coordinate and assist with surgical procedures such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to establish or improve cerebrospinal fluid drainage.
  • #2 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING ASSESSMENT Along with routine nursing assessment, the most important is the measurement of head circumference. The measurement should be done at the occipito-frontal circumference at largest point and approximately at same time each day and in centimeter. Other important aspects of assessment are status of fontanel, level of consciousness, pupillary response, vital signs, pattern of respiration, signs of increased icp, condition of the scalp, presence of pressure sore or any skin breakdown, incontinence of bladder and bowel, neurological deficits, motor activity, change in feeding behavior and signs of complications […] NURSING DIAGNOSES INEFFECTIVE CEREBRAL TISSUE PERFUSION RELATED TO INCREASED ICP BEFORE SURGERY IMBALANCED NUTRITION: LESS THAN BODY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDUCED ORAL INTAKE AND VOMITING RISK FOR IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY RELATED TO ALTERATIONS IN LOC AND ENLARGED HEAD ANXIETY OF PARENTS RELATED TO CHILD UNDERGOING SURGER
  • #2 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING INTERVENTIONS MAINTAINING CEREBRAL PERFUSION OBSERVE FOR EVIDENCE OF INCREASED ICP, AND REPORT IMMEDIATELY. ASSIST WITH DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF HYDROCEPHALUS AND INDICATION FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION. EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE TO THE CHILD AND PARENTS AT THEIR LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION. ADMINISTER PRESCRIBED SEDATIVES 30 MINUTES BEFORE THE PROCEDURE TO ENSURE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES SO THE CHILD IS PERMITTED TO REST AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEDATIVE. […] OBSERVE CLOSELY AFTER VENTRICULOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING: LEAKING OF CSF FROM THE SITES OF SUBDURAL OR VENTRICULAR TAPS. THESE TAP HOLES SHOULD BE COVERED WITH A SMALL PIECE OF GAUZE OR COTTON SATURATED WITH COLLODION. REACTIONS TO THE SEDATIVE, ESPECIALLY RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. CHANGES IN VITAL SIGNS INDICATIVE OF SHOCK. SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP, WHICH MAY OCCUR IF AIR HAS BEEN INJECTED INTO THE VENTRICLES
  • #2 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    Administer medications, per orders […] Monitor for increased ICP […] Initiate seizure and falls precautions: […] Reduce stimuli […] Promote bed rest […] Administer stool softeners […] Monitor head circumference […] Expected Outcomes […] Resolution of increased ICP […] Improvement of CSF drainage […] Decreased head circumference […] Improvement of balance and motor functions […] Possible continued incontinence and cognitive impairment (NPH only) […] Patient/Caregiver Education […] For all forms of hydrocephalus: […] Review the discharge instructions with individuals and/or their caregivers: […] Proper hand hygiene to reduce the spread of infection […] The importance of safety to prevent brain injuries […] The signs and symptoms of increased ICP
  • #2 Discharge Instructions for Hydrocephalus (Child) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-hydrocephalus-child
    Your child has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. This is a condition where extra fluid builds up in the brain. The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is to have a shunt put in. This tube drains fluid from the brain to another space in the body, where it can be safely absorbed. Here’s what you need to know about home care. […] Give your child pain medicines as your healthcare provider directs. […] Wash your childs incision each day with mild soap. Rinse the incision with water and gently pat it dry. […] Dont allow your child to soak in the bathtub or a swimming pool until the incision is fully healed. […] Be aware that if your child needs an MRI, the newer shunts are MRI compatible. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if your child has any of the following: High-pitched cry or increased irritability, Trouble with sucking, drinking, or eating, Fever, Stiff neck, Trouble breathing, Seizures, Head injury, Headache or visual disturbance, Bleeding, drainage, or pus at the incision site, Loss of appetite, vomiting, or stomach pain, Confusion or sleepiness that occurs more than usual.
  • #2 Adult Hydrocephalus | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | AHN
    https://www.ahn.org/services/neuroscience/conditions/adult-hydrocephalus-care
    Physicians and staff at the AHN Adult Hydrocephalus Center will work closely with your primary care physician in order to best manage your hydrocephalus. […] The two types of surgical procedures effective in treating hydrocephalus are cerebrospinal (CSF) shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). […] Patients with shunts should be regularly seen by a neurosurgeon so that they can be monitored to ensure proper shunt function.
  • #2 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Planning and Management: Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hydrocephalus/
    The goals for the care of the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Maintaining skin integrity, Preventing infection, Maintaining growth and development, Reducing family anxiety. […] Nursing interventions for the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Promoting skin integrity, Preventing infection, Promoting growth and development, Reducing family anxiety, Providing family teaching. […] Goals met are evidenced by: Prevention of injury, Maintenance of skin integrity, Prevention of infection, Maintenance of growth and development, Reduction of family anxiety. […] Documentation for a patient with hydrocephalus includes: Individual risk factors including recent or current antibiotic therapy, Insertion sites, character of drainage, Signs and symptoms of infectious process, Plan of care, Teaching plan, Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed, Attainment or progress towards desired outcomes, Modifications to plan of care, Discharge needs.
  • #2 Hydrocephalus – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20373615
    Your Mayo Clinic care team. Mayo Clinic doctors trained in brain and nervous system conditions (neurologists) and brain and nervous system surgery (neurosurgeons) have extensive experience in treating hydrocephalus and related conditions. Doctors trained in treating children who have brain and nervous system conditions (pediatric neurologists) treat children who have hydrocephalus. […] Pediatric expertise. Mayo Clinic offers diagnosis, care and treatment in a child-friendly environment for children who have hydrocephalus. […] Mayo Clinic specialists provide comprehensive care for more than 2,000 adults and children with hydrocephalus each year. […] Teamwork. Mayo Clinic doctors trained in brain and nervous system conditions (neurologists), brain and nervous system surgery (neurosurgeons), and brain and nervous system conditions in children (pediatric neurologists) care for adults and children who have hydrocephalus.
  • #3 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Hydrocephalus | Free NURSING.com Courses
    https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-hydrocephalus
    Conduct a thorough neurological examination to assess baseline cognitive function, motor skills, reflexes, and cranial nerve function. […] Regularly monitor vital signs, with particular attention to changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, as alterations may indicate increased intracranial pressure. […] In pediatric patients, monitor and record head circumference to identify abnormal growth patterns or rapid increases, which may indicate worsening hydrocephalus. […] Assess the fontanelles for bulging or tension, as these signs may suggest increased intracranial pressure. […] Monitor for alterations in behavior, such as irritability, lethargy, changes in feeding patterns, or signs of discomfort, which may indicate neurological distress. […] Coordinate and assist with surgical procedures such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to establish or improve cerebrospinal fluid drainage.
  • #3 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    BE AWARE THAT FEEDING IS FREQUENTLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THE CHILD MAY BE LISTLESS, ANORECTIC, AND PRONE TO VOMITING. COMPLETE NURSING CARE AND TREATMENTS BEFORE FEEDING SO THE CHILD WILL NOT BE DISTURBED AFTER FEEDING. HOLD THE INFANT IN A SEMI-SITTING POSITION WITH HEAD WELL SUPPORTED DURING FEEDING. ALLOW AMPLE TIME FOR BUBBLING. OFFER SMALL, FREQUENT FEEDINGS. PLACE THE CHILD ON SIDE WITH HEAD ELEVATED AFTER […] MAINTAINING SKIN INTEGRITY PREVENT PRESSURE SORES (PRESSURE SORES OF THE HEAD ARE A FREQUENT PROBLEM) BY PLACING THE CHILD ON A SPONGE RUBBER OR LAMB’S WOOL PAD OR AN ALTERNATING- PRESSURE OR EGG-CRATE MATTRESS TO KEEP WEIGHT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. KEEP THE SCALP CLEAN AND DRY PROVIDE METICULOUS SKIN CARE TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY, AND OBSERVE SKIN FOR THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE. GIVE PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES TO THE EXTREMITIES, ESPECIALLY THE LEGS. KEEP THE EYES MOISTENED WITH ARTIFICIAL TEARS IF THE CHILD
  • #3 Discharge Instructions for Hydrocephalus (Child) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-hydrocephalus-child
    Your child has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. This is a condition where extra fluid builds up in the brain. The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is to have a shunt put in. This tube drains fluid from the brain to another space in the body, where it can be safely absorbed. Here’s what you need to know about home care. […] Give your child pain medicines as your healthcare provider directs. […] Wash your childs incision each day with mild soap. Rinse the incision with water and gently pat it dry. […] Dont allow your child to soak in the bathtub or a swimming pool until the incision is fully healed. […] Be aware that if your child needs an MRI, the newer shunts are MRI compatible. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if your child has any of the following: High-pitched cry or increased irritability, Trouble with sucking, drinking, or eating, Fever, Stiff neck, Trouble breathing, Seizures, Head injury, Headache or visual disturbance, Bleeding, drainage, or pus at the incision site, Loss of appetite, vomiting, or stomach pain, Confusion or sleepiness that occurs more than usual.
  • #3 Recovery & Support for Hydrocephalus in Children | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/hydrocephalus-in-children/support
    Most children who have hydrocephalus make a successful recovery after surgery and go on to lead healthy lives. […] Our specialists work with you to develop a postoperative recovery plan that is customized to your child’s needs. […] Physicians at Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone work with parents to develop a postoperative recovery plan that best suits the needs of each child. […] A critical aspect of managing hydrocephalus is staying vigilant about complications that can arise from a shunt malfunction. […] Your child needs ongoing checkups and lifelong follow-up with his or her doctors, especially your child’s neurosurgeon, to check the shunt. […] Most children visit their neurosurgeon every three to six months for the first year following surgery, then annually after that.
  • #3 Hydrocephalus | Department of Neurology | The University of Chicago
    https://neurology.uchicago.edu/hydrocephalus-cloned
    Treatment generally involves removal of the mass or placement of a shunting device to carry excess fluid out of the brain. In some cases, surgeons can create an internal bypass for excess fluid using a minimally invasive procedure called endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV). […] At UChicago Medicine, pediatric neurosurgeons provide continuous care for patients with hydrocephalus as they transition from childhood to adulthood. Other members of the multispecialty team include adult and pediatric neurologists, rehabilitation specialists and primary care doctors.
  • #3 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Planning and Management: Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hydrocephalus/
    The goals for the care of the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Maintaining skin integrity, Preventing infection, Maintaining growth and development, Reducing family anxiety. […] Nursing interventions for the newborn with hydrocephalus include: Preventing injury, Promoting skin integrity, Preventing infection, Promoting growth and development, Reducing family anxiety, Providing family teaching. […] Goals met are evidenced by: Prevention of injury, Maintenance of skin integrity, Prevention of infection, Maintenance of growth and development, Reduction of family anxiety. […] Documentation for a patient with hydrocephalus includes: Individual risk factors including recent or current antibiotic therapy, Insertion sites, character of drainage, Signs and symptoms of infectious process, Plan of care, Teaching plan, Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed, Attainment or progress towards desired outcomes, Modifications to plan of care, Discharge needs.
  • #4 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING ASSESSMENT Along with routine nursing assessment, the most important is the measurement of head circumference. The measurement should be done at the occipito-frontal circumference at largest point and approximately at same time each day and in centimeter. Other important aspects of assessment are status of fontanel, level of consciousness, pupillary response, vital signs, pattern of respiration, signs of increased icp, condition of the scalp, presence of pressure sore or any skin breakdown, incontinence of bladder and bowel, neurological deficits, motor activity, change in feeding behavior and signs of complications […] NURSING DIAGNOSES INEFFECTIVE CEREBRAL TISSUE PERFUSION RELATED TO INCREASED ICP BEFORE SURGERY IMBALANCED NUTRITION: LESS THAN BODY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDUCED ORAL INTAKE AND VOMITING RISK FOR IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY RELATED TO ALTERATIONS IN LOC AND ENLARGED HEAD ANXIETY OF PARENTS RELATED TO CHILD UNDERGOING SURGER
  • #4 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING INTERVENTIONS MAINTAINING CEREBRAL PERFUSION OBSERVE FOR EVIDENCE OF INCREASED ICP, AND REPORT IMMEDIATELY. ASSIST WITH DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF HYDROCEPHALUS AND INDICATION FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION. EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE TO THE CHILD AND PARENTS AT THEIR LEVELS OF COMPREHENSION. ADMINISTER PRESCRIBED SEDATIVES 30 MINUTES BEFORE THE PROCEDURE TO ENSURE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. ORGANIZE ACTIVITIES SO THE CHILD IS PERMITTED TO REST AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEDATIVE. […] OBSERVE CLOSELY AFTER VENTRICULOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING: LEAKING OF CSF FROM THE SITES OF SUBDURAL OR VENTRICULAR TAPS. THESE TAP HOLES SHOULD BE COVERED WITH A SMALL PIECE OF GAUZE OR COTTON SATURATED WITH COLLODION. REACTIONS TO THE SEDATIVE, ESPECIALLY RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. CHANGES IN VITAL SIGNS INDICATIVE OF SHOCK. SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP, WHICH MAY OCCUR IF AIR HAS BEEN INJECTED INTO THE VENTRICLES
  • #4 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    BE AWARE THAT FEEDING IS FREQUENTLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THE CHILD MAY BE LISTLESS, ANORECTIC, AND PRONE TO VOMITING. COMPLETE NURSING CARE AND TREATMENTS BEFORE FEEDING SO THE CHILD WILL NOT BE DISTURBED AFTER FEEDING. HOLD THE INFANT IN A SEMI-SITTING POSITION WITH HEAD WELL SUPPORTED DURING FEEDING. ALLOW AMPLE TIME FOR BUBBLING. OFFER SMALL, FREQUENT FEEDINGS. PLACE THE CHILD ON SIDE WITH HEAD ELEVATED AFTER […] MAINTAINING SKIN INTEGRITY PREVENT PRESSURE SORES (PRESSURE SORES OF THE HEAD ARE A FREQUENT PROBLEM) BY PLACING THE CHILD ON A SPONGE RUBBER OR LAMB’S WOOL PAD OR AN ALTERNATING- PRESSURE OR EGG-CRATE MATTRESS TO KEEP WEIGHT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. KEEP THE SCALP CLEAN AND DRY PROVIDE METICULOUS SKIN CARE TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY, AND OBSERVE SKIN FOR THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE. GIVE PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES TO THE EXTREMITIES, ESPECIALLY THE LEGS. KEEP THE EYES MOISTENED WITH ARTIFICIAL TEARS IF THE CHILD
  • #4 Discharge Instructions for Hydrocephalus (Child) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-hydrocephalus-child
    Your child has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. This is a condition where extra fluid builds up in the brain. The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is to have a shunt put in. This tube drains fluid from the brain to another space in the body, where it can be safely absorbed. Here’s what you need to know about home care. […] Give your child pain medicines as your healthcare provider directs. […] Wash your childs incision each day with mild soap. Rinse the incision with water and gently pat it dry. […] Dont allow your child to soak in the bathtub or a swimming pool until the incision is fully healed. […] Be aware that if your child needs an MRI, the newer shunts are MRI compatible. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if your child has any of the following: High-pitched cry or increased irritability, Trouble with sucking, drinking, or eating, Fever, Stiff neck, Trouble breathing, Seizures, Head injury, Headache or visual disturbance, Bleeding, drainage, or pus at the incision site, Loss of appetite, vomiting, or stomach pain, Confusion or sleepiness that occurs more than usual.
  • #4 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    Administer medications, per orders […] Monitor for increased ICP […] Initiate seizure and falls precautions: […] Reduce stimuli […] Promote bed rest […] Administer stool softeners […] Monitor head circumference […] Expected Outcomes […] Resolution of increased ICP […] Improvement of CSF drainage […] Decreased head circumference […] Improvement of balance and motor functions […] Possible continued incontinence and cognitive impairment (NPH only) […] Patient/Caregiver Education […] For all forms of hydrocephalus: […] Review the discharge instructions with individuals and/or their caregivers: […] Proper hand hygiene to reduce the spread of infection […] The importance of safety to prevent brain injuries […] The signs and symptoms of increased ICP
  • #4 Recovery & Support for Hydrocephalus in Children | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/conditions/hydrocephalus-in-children/support
    Most children who have hydrocephalus make a successful recovery after surgery and go on to lead healthy lives. […] Our specialists work with you to develop a postoperative recovery plan that is customized to your child’s needs. […] Physicians at Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone work with parents to develop a postoperative recovery plan that best suits the needs of each child. […] A critical aspect of managing hydrocephalus is staying vigilant about complications that can arise from a shunt malfunction. […] Your child needs ongoing checkups and lifelong follow-up with his or her doctors, especially your child’s neurosurgeon, to check the shunt. […] Most children visit their neurosurgeon every three to six months for the first year following surgery, then annually after that.
  • #5 Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Planning and Management: Study Guide
    https://nurseslabs.com/hydrocephalus/
    Hydrocephalus, a complex neurological condition, poses significant challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, in providing specialized care to individuals affected by this condition. […] Nurses play a crucial role in the multidisciplinary team, actively contributing to the assessment, management, and support of patients with hydrocephalus throughout their healthcare journey. […] Managing a child with hydrocephalus warrants skill and compassion for nurses and all the members of the healthcare team. […] Accurate information is essential in the assessment of the child with hydrocephalus. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: Risk for Injury related to increased ICP, Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to pressure from physical immobility, Risk for Infection related to the presence of a shunt, Risk for Delayed Growth and Development related to impaired ability to achieve developmental tasks, Anxiety related to the family caregivers fear of the surgical outcome, Deficient Knowledge related to the familys understanding of the childs condition and home care.
  • #5 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    BE AWARE THAT FEEDING IS FREQUENTLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THE CHILD MAY BE LISTLESS, ANORECTIC, AND PRONE TO VOMITING. COMPLETE NURSING CARE AND TREATMENTS BEFORE FEEDING SO THE CHILD WILL NOT BE DISTURBED AFTER FEEDING. HOLD THE INFANT IN A SEMI-SITTING POSITION WITH HEAD WELL SUPPORTED DURING FEEDING. ALLOW AMPLE TIME FOR BUBBLING. OFFER SMALL, FREQUENT FEEDINGS. PLACE THE CHILD ON SIDE WITH HEAD ELEVATED AFTER […] MAINTAINING SKIN INTEGRITY PREVENT PRESSURE SORES (PRESSURE SORES OF THE HEAD ARE A FREQUENT PROBLEM) BY PLACING THE CHILD ON A SPONGE RUBBER OR LAMB’S WOOL PAD OR AN ALTERNATING- PRESSURE OR EGG-CRATE MATTRESS TO KEEP WEIGHT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. KEEP THE SCALP CLEAN AND DRY PROVIDE METICULOUS SKIN CARE TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY, AND OBSERVE SKIN FOR THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE. GIVE PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES TO THE EXTREMITIES, ESPECIALLY THE LEGS. KEEP THE EYES MOISTENED WITH ARTIFICIAL TEARS IF THE CHILD
  • #5 Hydrocephalus: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17334-hydrocephalus
    Hydrocephalus is the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within cavities of your brain called ventricles. Currently, there isnt a cure for hydrocephalus, but it can be treated. […] Hydrocephalus is treatable. While there currently isnt a way to prevent or cure hydrocephalus, the condition can be treated with surgery. […] Currently, the only way to treat hydrocephalus is with brain surgery. There are two types of brain surgeries used to treat hydrocephalus: […] The most common type of treatment for hydrocephalus is the surgical placement of a medical device called a shunt. A shunt is a flexible tube thats placed in your brain. It drains the excess CSF to another area of your body where it can be absorbed. […] With surgery and monitoring, many people with hydrocephalus go on to lead normal lives. However, the condition and complications from surgery can vary greatly from person to person. Its important to work with your healthcare provider to get the care you need. […] Hydrocephalus in children can be serious. And you want your child to have the best care. Cleveland Clinic Childrens is here for them and you.
  • #6 Hydrocephalus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/hydrocephalus/?srsltid=AfmBOorrRgc2fczSFsd2z5tq3nzu6CJS-J_EP_wWJMwPHwPNyASxLwrJ
    Hydrocephalus Nursing Care Plan […] Assessment […] The neurological assessment for ICP indicators is age-dependent and include assessment of: […] Mental status […] Motor function […] Balance […] Reflexes (for newborns and infants) […] Cranial nerve function […] Pupillary reaction to light […] Full set of vital signs, which should be observed for: […] Fluctuating blood pressure […] Tachycardia […] Shallow breathing […] Cushings triad: […] Bradycardia […] Respiratory depression […] Widening pulse pressure […] Measurement of head circumference and assessment of fontanelles […] Nursing Diagnosis/Risk For […] Impaired skin integrity, as evidenced by: […] Immobility […] Shunt infection, as evidenced by: […] Fever […] Lethargy […] Irritability
  • #6 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    BE AWARE THAT FEEDING IS FREQUENTLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THE CHILD MAY BE LISTLESS, ANORECTIC, AND PRONE TO VOMITING. COMPLETE NURSING CARE AND TREATMENTS BEFORE FEEDING SO THE CHILD WILL NOT BE DISTURBED AFTER FEEDING. HOLD THE INFANT IN A SEMI-SITTING POSITION WITH HEAD WELL SUPPORTED DURING FEEDING. ALLOW AMPLE TIME FOR BUBBLING. OFFER SMALL, FREQUENT FEEDINGS. PLACE THE CHILD ON SIDE WITH HEAD ELEVATED AFTER […] MAINTAINING SKIN INTEGRITY PREVENT PRESSURE SORES (PRESSURE SORES OF THE HEAD ARE A FREQUENT PROBLEM) BY PLACING THE CHILD ON A SPONGE RUBBER OR LAMB’S WOOL PAD OR AN ALTERNATING- PRESSURE OR EGG-CRATE MATTRESS TO KEEP WEIGHT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. KEEP THE SCALP CLEAN AND DRY PROVIDE METICULOUS SKIN CARE TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY, AND OBSERVE SKIN FOR THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE. GIVE PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES TO THE EXTREMITIES, ESPECIALLY THE LEGS. KEEP THE EYES MOISTENED WITH ARTIFICIAL TEARS IF THE CHILD
  • #6 Hydrocephalus in Adults | Learn About the 4 Categories
    https://www.hydroassoc.org/hydrocephalus-in-adults/
    Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in effectively addressing these symptoms. […] While there is currently no known way to prevent or cure hydrocephalus, there are three life-saving treatment options, all requiring brain surgery. […] The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is a medical device called a shunt. The purpose of the shunt is to reduce the pressure inside the brain by draining the excess fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). […] With early detection, effective treatment and appropriate interventional services, the outlook for adults with hydrocephalus is promising. […] Investments in research and advances in technology, as well as diagnostic and treatment protocols, are helping more and more people with hydrocephalus to lead full and active lives. But it is important to understand that life with a shunt or ETV does require you to always be well-informed and vigilant about complications.
  • #7 Hydrocephalous with nursing management | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hydrocephalous-with-nursing-management/238692873
    NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING ASSESSMENT Along with routine nursing assessment, the most important is the measurement of head circumference. The measurement should be done at the occipito-frontal circumference at largest point and approximately at same time each day and in centimeter. Other important aspects of assessment are status of fontanel, level of consciousness, pupillary response, vital signs, pattern of respiration, signs of increased icp, condition of the scalp, presence of pressure sore or any skin breakdown, incontinence of bladder and bowel, neurological deficits, motor activity, change in feeding behavior and signs of complications […] NURSING DIAGNOSES INEFFECTIVE CEREBRAL TISSUE PERFUSION RELATED TO INCREASED ICP BEFORE SURGERY IMBALANCED NUTRITION: LESS THAN BODY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDUCED ORAL INTAKE AND VOMITING RISK FOR IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY RELATED TO ALTERATIONS IN LOC AND ENLARGED HEAD ANXIETY OF PARENTS RELATED TO CHILD UNDERGOING SURGER