Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Multiple Myeloma | RPH Medical Research Foundation

  https://www.rphresearchfoundation.org.au/research-impact/multiple-myeloma

  A patients prognosis with multiple myeloma can range from months to 10 years. One of the strongest predictors of treatment response and outcome for patients is based on the makeup of their plasma cells. […] The prognosis for patients with multiple myeloma can range from months to 10 years. One of the most important factors in determining treatment response and outcome is the composition of the patient’s plasma cells. […] In myeloma, specific genetic abnormalities have a significant impact on patient prognosis. Cytogenetic abnormalities identified during diagnosis and relapse greatly influence outcomes. Patients with high-risk abnormalities, such as deletion 17p (del(17p)), have an average overall survival of five years, compared to standard-risk patients with an average overall survival of over eight years.

• #2 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cell origin with a prevalence rate of 1% and 10% of all cancers and hematopoietic malignancies, respectively. […] Though the median survival time has improved dramatically in the patients diagnosed with MM with the administration of novel therapeutic agents, the disease, by and large, remains incurable with frequent progression and relapses. […] The long-term survival of the patients with MM is variable and improvements have been observed over time with the use of novel therapeutic agents and stem cell transplantation. […] The marked heterogeneity in survival outcomes is attributed to clinical and laboratory parameters, which are used to categorize MM patients into different risk categories. […] Thus, the evaluation of various prognostic factors is essential to define as well as refine the therapeutic strategies to improve treatment outcomes.

• #3 What is the Prognosis of a Myeloma Patient? – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/what-is-multiple-myeloma-prognosis

  The National Cancer Institute’s SEER Program reports that the five-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma between 2013 and 2019 is around 57%. This survival rate reflects advancements in treatment and early diagnosis. […] Lastly, Cancer Research UK indicates that survival rates for myeloma are improving, with many patients in England experiencing a 10-year survival rate due to better treatments and supportive care.

• #4 What is Multiple Myeloma? Symptoms, Causes, & Prognosis

  https://themmrf.org/multiple-myeloma/

  Research has greatly improved the prognosis or predicted course of the disease for multiple myeloma patients. […] Symptoms, age, classification (subtype of myeloma), and stage of disease are some of the significant factors that contribute to your prognosis. Several clinical and laboratory findings (prognostic indicators) help determine how fast the myeloma is growing, the extent of disease, the biological makeup, the response to therapy, and the overall health status of the patient. […] Just as every person is different, every multiple myeloma diagnosis is unique. Survival statistics can be informative, but they do not provide the entire picture. When looking at statistics, it’s important to understand that statistics do not and cannot tell what will happen to you: they can tell only what has happened to others in the past. And the relevance of statistics is limited by the extent to which they are reporting about people who are similar to you in terms of patient demographics, myeloma subtype, and treatment options. […] 5-Year Relative Survival of myeloma patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021: 62.4%.

• #5 Multiple Myeloma: Improved Prognosis With the Latest Treatments | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/multiple-myeloma-improved-prognosis-latest-treatments

  Saad Usmani, Chief of MSK’s Myeloma Service, says there are far more treatment options for multiple myeloma today compared with just 20 years ago. […] Here Dr. Usmani discusses the current outlook for the disease and his vision for developing new treatment approaches at MSK that will improve multiple myeloma prognosis (outcome). […] As with all cancers, the prognosis for multiple myeloma depends on many factors. These include how well the patient is able to do certain activities of daily living, as well as other health problems they might have. Also important is how much myeloma is present, how far it has spread, and the specific type and subtype. […] We have made a great deal of progress in the past two decades, thanks to the development of more effective drugs. The overall five-year survival rate for people with active multiple myeloma in the United States has increased steadily over time, to more than 62% today. Its important to remember that even the most recent statistics apply to many people who did not have access to the newer treatments. So we expect the survival rate to improve more in the next decade. […] Multiple myeloma is not currently curable but can be effectively managed for years. […] New drugs developed over the past two decades have significantly improved prognosis. […] Three bispecific antibodies, a form of off-the-shelf immunotherapy, have been recently approved by the FDA.

• #6 New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Assessment of Response in Multiple Myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587183/

  The past few years, the management of multiple myeloma has changed. […] Recent meta-analysis data show that MRD negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. […] Emerging DNA sequencing data show that newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients have a broad range of mutations which are distributed unevenly in multiple parallel sub-clones present already at diagnosis. […] Despite all success for the majority of multiple myeloma patients, yet today, 25% of all newly diagnosed patients live less than 3 years. […] Clearly, it seems reasonable to believe that certain subtypes within the former group of clinical high-risk myeloma will be considered as standard risk as newer therapies become better and better. […] In our opinion, a key task for the field is to move beyond the ill-defined clinical category high-risk myeloma which presumably contains several biological subtypes.

• #7 New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Assessment of Response in Multiple Myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587183/

  The past few years, the management of multiple myeloma has changed. […] Recent meta-analysis data show that MRD negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. […] Emerging DNA sequencing data show that newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients have a broad range of mutations which are distributed unevenly in multiple parallel sub-clones present already at diagnosis. […] Despite all success for the majority of multiple myeloma patients, yet today, 25% of all newly diagnosed patients live less than 3 years. […] Clearly, it seems reasonable to believe that certain subtypes within the former group of clinical high-risk myeloma will be considered as standard risk as newer therapies become better and better. […] In our opinion, a key task for the field is to move beyond the ill-defined clinical category high-risk myeloma which presumably contains several biological subtypes.

• #8 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  In the era of risk-adapted therapy, it is critical to identify high-risk patients to render effective treatment to achieve optimal response and good clinical outcomes. […] The identification of high-risk groups is relevant from a therapeutic and disease monitoring point of view. […] The risk stratification in MM has evolved over time to incorporate both clinical and laboratory parameters but the heterogeneity in presence and interpretation of the biomarkers is responsible for variable definitions of high-risk disease. […] The risk factors in MM can be broadly categorized into two, i.e. (1) patient-related factors and (2) disease-related factors. […] The various comorbidity parameters are a more objective and accurate way to assess the functional health status of myeloma patients and thus individualize treatment decisions.

• #9 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #10 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #11 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  In the era of risk-adapted therapy, it is critical to identify high-risk patients to render effective treatment to achieve optimal response and good clinical outcomes. […] The identification of high-risk groups is relevant from a therapeutic and disease monitoring point of view. […] The risk stratification in MM has evolved over time to incorporate both clinical and laboratory parameters but the heterogeneity in presence and interpretation of the biomarkers is responsible for variable definitions of high-risk disease. […] The risk factors in MM can be broadly categorized into two, i.e. (1) patient-related factors and (2) disease-related factors. […] The various comorbidity parameters are a more objective and accurate way to assess the functional health status of myeloma patients and thus individualize treatment decisions.

• #12 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  The functional assessment of MM-specific comorbidity indices offers a precise evaluation of the prognosis and risk status in MM patients. […] Growth of malignant plasma cells beyond the bone marrow compartment is termed extramedullary (EM) myeloma. EM involvement in MM is an aggressive form of disease associated with poor survival outcomes. […] Quantification of residual malignant plasma cells at the follow-up time point, commonly known as measurable residual disease (MRD) is a well-established post-treatment risk stratification tool in MM and recently incorporated in IMWG response criteria. […] MRD negative status is associated with survival benefits in all subsets of myeloma patients irrespective of demographic factors or treatment taken, as shown in a meta-analysis. […] Elevated LDH is associated with aggressive disease and high tumor burden, resulting in inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

• #13 Evaluation of the frailty characteristics and clinical outcomes according to the new frailty-based outcome prediction model (Myeloma Risk Profile-MRP) in a UK real-world cohort of elderly newly diagnosed Myeloma patients | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0262388

  The management of myeloma in the elderly is shifting its focus towards reducing the risk of under-treating fit patients and the risk of over-treating frail patients. […] In addition to the proven prognostic values of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) frailty score and the revised Myeloma Co-morbidity Index (R-MCI), a new easy-to-use frailty-based risk profile score (high-risk (i.e. frail), medium risk (i.e. intermediate-fitness) and low-risk (i.e. fit)) named Myeloma Risk Profile (MRP) was shown to be predictive of survival in the clinical trial setting. […] Our study demonstrated a trend for worse OS in addition to worse AE outcomes in the frail group, but no difference in PFS with this fixed-duration therapy. […] The prognostic value of MRP was validated in a population-based study of 1377 TNE NDMM patients aged over 65 years, from the Danish National Myeloma Registry. […] Our study is the first real-world study to evaluate clinical outcomes according to MRP in a real-world cohort of elderly newly diagnosed myeloma patients treated exclusively with a proteasome inhibitor-based therapy VCD.

• #14 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #15 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #16 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #17 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  The functional assessment of MM-specific comorbidity indices offers a precise evaluation of the prognosis and risk status in MM patients. […] Growth of malignant plasma cells beyond the bone marrow compartment is termed extramedullary (EM) myeloma. EM involvement in MM is an aggressive form of disease associated with poor survival outcomes. […] Quantification of residual malignant plasma cells at the follow-up time point, commonly known as measurable residual disease (MRD) is a well-established post-treatment risk stratification tool in MM and recently incorporated in IMWG response criteria. […] MRD negative status is associated with survival benefits in all subsets of myeloma patients irrespective of demographic factors or treatment taken, as shown in a meta-analysis. […] Elevated LDH is associated with aggressive disease and high tumor burden, resulting in inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

• #18 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #19 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM. […] The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] The presence of high-risk cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) automatically classifies the patient as Stage III regardless of LDH or 2-microglobulin elevation. […] However, patients with these features were found to do better with triplet therapy (bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone) compared with intermediate or standard risk disease.

• #20 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The Mayo Clinic and Spanish models were developed for more robust prognostication of SMM patients and together proposed new criteria for identifying high-risk SMM. […] Moreover, the Spanish myeloma group was able to show that high-risk SMM patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone had delayed progression and improved OS compared with observation alone, thus demonstrating a predictive biomarker application of the overall model. […] Recently, a new prognostic model for SMM was introduced with median time to progression for low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups being 110, 68 and 29 months, respectively. […] An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM.

• #21 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #22 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #23 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #24 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #25 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #26 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Multiple myeloma that is at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis has a better prognosis. […] People 80 years of age and older have a worse prognosis than younger people. […] A higher level of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A higher level of albumin in the blood predicts a better prognosis. […] A higher level of LDH in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high creatinine level in the blood predicts a worse prognosis. […] Some changes to chromosomes are linked to a poor prognosis, including a missing chromosome 13 (called a deletion).

• #27 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #28 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] Therefore, these new imaging modalities are capable of accurately differentiating early-stage MM from MGUS and SMM, for which X-rays usually are negative, and are better at predicting disease progression. […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. However, the same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] The presence of high-risk translocations such as t(14;20) and t(14;16), and del(17p) which affects TP53, continue to have poor prognosis despite advances in therapeutics.

• #29 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #30 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] Therefore, these new imaging modalities are capable of accurately differentiating early-stage MM from MGUS and SMM, for which X-rays usually are negative, and are better at predicting disease progression. […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. However, the same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] The presence of high-risk translocations such as t(14;20) and t(14;16), and del(17p) which affects TP53, continue to have poor prognosis despite advances in therapeutics.

• #31 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #32 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  The association of del(1p32) with OS was independent from gain(1q21) by multivariable analysis (P>0.05) in the intensive treatment groups of both trials. […] 1q21 gain was confirmed as a high-risk lesion and was associated with significantly shorter PFS (HR 1.56; P=3.53 107) and OS (HR 1.67; P=3.30 105) than normal 1q copy number status. […] We next examined the impact of a double-hit based on the co-occurrence of at least any two of the following: (1) Adverse translocations t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20); (2) gain(1q); (3) del(17p). […] In the combined analysis of all 1905 patients the HR for double-hit was 2.23 for PFS (P=7.92 1026) and 2.67 for OS (P=8.13 1027). […] The consistent adverse impact of high-risk genetics on survival in Myeloma IX and XI is striking and highlights the need for intensified efforts to target the biology of high-risk disease.

• #33 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #34 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  The association of del(1p32) with OS was independent from gain(1q21) by multivariable analysis (P>0.05) in the intensive treatment groups of both trials. […] 1q21 gain was confirmed as a high-risk lesion and was associated with significantly shorter PFS (HR 1.56; P=3.53 107) and OS (HR 1.67; P=3.30 105) than normal 1q copy number status. […] We next examined the impact of a double-hit based on the co-occurrence of at least any two of the following: (1) Adverse translocations t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20); (2) gain(1q); (3) del(17p). […] In the combined analysis of all 1905 patients the HR for double-hit was 2.23 for PFS (P=7.92 1026) and 2.67 for OS (P=8.13 1027). […] The consistent adverse impact of high-risk genetics on survival in Myeloma IX and XI is striking and highlights the need for intensified efforts to target the biology of high-risk disease.

• #35 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Median PFS for double-hit in Myeloma XI patients receiving intensive treatment was 19.7 months, meaning that about half of patients relapsed 12 months following autologous transplant. […] We demonstrate the utility of profiling multiple molecular genetic lesions to identify patients most likely to benefit from molecularly targeted therapies.

• #36 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  A recent large study demonstrated that only trisomy 3 improved PFS, whilst trisomy 3 and 5 improved OS, overcame the poor prognosis of t(4:14) and improved that of del(17p). […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. […] The same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A very relevant, but somewhat unexplored area of investigation, is the understanding of how monitoring the depth of response in individual patients might inform prognosis and potentially be used to predict response to and guide therapy.

• #37 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  A recent large study demonstrated that only trisomy 3 improved PFS, whilst trisomy 3 and 5 improved OS, overcame the poor prognosis of t(4:14) and improved that of del(17p). […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. […] The same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A very relevant, but somewhat unexplored area of investigation, is the understanding of how monitoring the depth of response in individual patients might inform prognosis and potentially be used to predict response to and guide therapy.

• #38 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] Therefore, these new imaging modalities are capable of accurately differentiating early-stage MM from MGUS and SMM, for which X-rays usually are negative, and are better at predicting disease progression. […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. However, the same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] The presence of high-risk translocations such as t(14;20) and t(14;16), and del(17p) which affects TP53, continue to have poor prognosis despite advances in therapeutics.

• #39 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM. […] The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] The presence of high-risk cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) automatically classifies the patient as Stage III regardless of LDH or 2-microglobulin elevation. […] However, patients with these features were found to do better with triplet therapy (bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone) compared with intermediate or standard risk disease.

• #40 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] Therefore, these new imaging modalities are capable of accurately differentiating early-stage MM from MGUS and SMM, for which X-rays usually are negative, and are better at predicting disease progression. […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. However, the same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] The presence of high-risk translocations such as t(14;20) and t(14;16), and del(17p) which affects TP53, continue to have poor prognosis despite advances in therapeutics.

• #41 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] Therefore, these new imaging modalities are capable of accurately differentiating early-stage MM from MGUS and SMM, for which X-rays usually are negative, and are better at predicting disease progression. […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. However, the same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] The presence of high-risk translocations such as t(14;20) and t(14;16), and del(17p) which affects TP53, continue to have poor prognosis despite advances in therapeutics.

• #42 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #43 Prognosis and survival for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival

  A high PCLI predicts that the myeloma cells are growing quickly and is linked to a poor prognosis. […] If there are 5% or more plasma cells found in a blood smear test (called plasma cell leukemia), this predicts a poor prognosis. […] A high level of C-reactive protein in the blood predicts a poor prognosis. […] Performance status is important in multiple myeloma because people who have a good performance status are able to withstand intensive treatments that may have a better outcome but have more side effects. […] Multiple myeloma that responds well to initial treatment and goes into a complete remission has a better prognosis than multiple myeloma that does not respond to the initial treatment. […] Some genetic signatures are linked to a better prognosis and better response to treatment while other signatures are associated with a worse prognosis. […] Multiple myeloma that has spread to the brain and spinal cord (called the central nervous system) predicts a poor prognosis.

• #44 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  The functional assessment of MM-specific comorbidity indices offers a precise evaluation of the prognosis and risk status in MM patients. […] Growth of malignant plasma cells beyond the bone marrow compartment is termed extramedullary (EM) myeloma. EM involvement in MM is an aggressive form of disease associated with poor survival outcomes. […] Quantification of residual malignant plasma cells at the follow-up time point, commonly known as measurable residual disease (MRD) is a well-established post-treatment risk stratification tool in MM and recently incorporated in IMWG response criteria. […] MRD negative status is associated with survival benefits in all subsets of myeloma patients irrespective of demographic factors or treatment taken, as shown in a meta-analysis. […] Elevated LDH is associated with aggressive disease and high tumor burden, resulting in inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

• #45 Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in multiple myeloma implicates poor prognosis and limitations of current prediction models for POD24 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73822-w

  Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy, and its prognostic factors have been extensively studied. Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) suggests a poor prognosis in many malignancies, but is rarely mentioned in MM. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of POD24 in MM and risk factors of POD24, and to evaluate the predictive value of existing MM prognostic models for POD24. The research retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of MM patients and found that the occurrence of POD24 is an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival in MM, while non-transplantion and genetic abnormality are independent risk factors for the occurrence of POD24. The existing prognostic models are not effective in predicting POD24. Therefore, its still necessary to explore a prognostic model that can predict POD24 more accurately.

• #46 Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in multiple myeloma implicates poor prognosis and limitations of current prediction models for POD24 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73822-w

  This study demonstrates statistically significant differences in OS between patients with and without POD24, confirming its prognostic value in newly diagnosed MM patients. Furthermore, factor analysis identifies POD24 as an independent prognostic risk factor, introducing a novel parameter for MM prognosis. […] Therefore, based on the above discussion, POD24 has practical prognostic value as an independent prognostic factor in MM, and seems to be relatively independent of existing prognostic models and can be used as a supplement to existing prognostic models. […] Based on the retrospective data mentioned above, it seemes that POD24 emerges as an independent poor prognostic factor for MM. Non-transplantation and chromosomal abnormalities further solidify its risk factors. According to our data, among the existing prognostic models, mSMART3.0 had the highest sensitivity in predicting POD24 and R-ISS had the highest specificity, but the AUC values of all models were less than 0.700, suggesting that there was no significant predictive efficacy. The need for a more accurate and timelier POD24 prognostic model remains unmet, particularly within the context of monoclonal antibody therapy not addressed in this bortezomib-based study. Future research should explore POD24 prognostic models and prediction in the era of new drug therapy to guide treatment adjustment and ultimately reduce POD24 occurrence and improve MM prognosis.

• #47 Frontiers | How artificial intelligence revolutionizes the world of multiple myeloma

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/hematology/articles/10.3389/frhem.2024.1331109/full

  Multiple myeloma is the second most frequent hematologic malignancy worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Although it is considered an incurable disease, the enhanced understanding of this neoplasm has led to new treatments, which have improved patients’ life expectancy. […] Furthermore, we identified how artificial intelligence has allowed the development of integrated models that predict response to therapy and the probability of achieving undetectable measurable residual disease, progression-free survival, and overall survival leading to better clinical decisions, with the potential to inform on personalized therapy, which could improve patients’ outcomes. […] During the last few years, different prognostic models have been used to stratify NDMM patients, among which the International Staging System (ISS) and Revised-ISS (R-ISS) are the most common.

• #48 Individualized dynamic risk assessment for multiple myeloma | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.24305024v1.full-text

  Prognosis is primarily assessed by revised International Staging System (R-ISS) that combines levels of -2 microglobulin, serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and cytogenetics at diagnosis. […] However, FISH testing alone is insufficient to risk stratify MM since many patients with the same cytogenetic abnormality experience varied lengths of PFS and OS, suggesting potential to further improve outcomes with finer grained risk stratification. […] In particular, a clinical test to longitudinally assess MM prognosis at various stages could prove transformational in improving outcomes by enabling dynamic calibration of personalized treatment plans based on the unique disease trajectory of each patient. […] mmSYGNAL delineated how subsets of mutations across the patient cohort causally modulated mechanistic regulators of co-regulated genes across 3,000 regulons.

• #49 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM. […] The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] The presence of high-risk cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) automatically classifies the patient as Stage III regardless of LDH or 2-microglobulin elevation. […] However, patients with these features were found to do better with triplet therapy (bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone) compared with intermediate or standard risk disease.

• #50 Frontiers | How artificial intelligence revolutionizes the world of multiple myeloma

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/hematology/articles/10.3389/frhem.2024.1331109/full

  Recently, the R2-ISS staging system has been recommended, which added the presence of 1q21 gain/amplification (1q21) to the R-ISS and allowed a better stratification within the intermediate-risk NDMM. […] Several studies have shown how AI can significantly improve risk stratification. […] The model re-classified the R2-ISS score into clusters with significantly divergent overall survival (OS). […] Another model used ML, creating a 50-variable RF (IAC-50) that included clinical (patient age and ISS stage), biochemical (serum beta-2 microglobulin), and RNA-seq (expression of 46 genes) data collected by the CoMMpass consortium. […] The model predicted OS with high concordance between both training and validation sets (C-indexes, 0.818 and 0.780, respectively). […] Another model has been developed for OS prediction. […] AI represents an attractive approach to leverage the large volume of clinical data that exist in MM, for both patients included in clinical trials and those included in registries or other real-world cohorts.

• #51 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  A recent large study demonstrated that only trisomy 3 improved PFS, whilst trisomy 3 and 5 improved OS, overcame the poor prognosis of t(4:14) and improved that of del(17p). […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. […] The same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A very relevant, but somewhat unexplored area of investigation, is the understanding of how monitoring the depth of response in individual patients might inform prognosis and potentially be used to predict response to and guide therapy.

• #52 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  A prognostic model was developed using data from the UK Myeloma XI clinical trial, ISS and mutations affecting TP53, ATM or ATR and ZFH4 or CCND1; CNVs including del(17p) and amp(1q); and translocations involving t(4;14) and MYC. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] This brings into question whether patients who achieve a lesser response (i.e. at a level of 10^3) might benefit from a change in therapy and being treated more aggressively in an attempt to reach a target of 10^5, thereby realizing the benefit from the deeper response. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #53 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  A recent large study demonstrated that only trisomy 3 improved PFS, whilst trisomy 3 and 5 improved OS, overcame the poor prognosis of t(4:14) and improved that of del(17p). […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. […] The same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A very relevant, but somewhat unexplored area of investigation, is the understanding of how monitoring the depth of response in individual patients might inform prognosis and potentially be used to predict response to and guide therapy.

• #54 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  A prognostic model was developed using data from the UK Myeloma XI clinical trial, ISS and mutations affecting TP53, ATM or ATR and ZFH4 or CCND1; CNVs including del(17p) and amp(1q); and translocations involving t(4;14) and MYC. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] This brings into question whether patients who achieve a lesser response (i.e. at a level of 10^3) might benefit from a change in therapy and being treated more aggressively in an attempt to reach a target of 10^5, thereby realizing the benefit from the deeper response. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #55 New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Assessment of Response in Multiple Myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587183/

  The past few years, the management of multiple myeloma has changed. […] Recent meta-analysis data show that MRD negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. […] Emerging DNA sequencing data show that newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients have a broad range of mutations which are distributed unevenly in multiple parallel sub-clones present already at diagnosis. […] Despite all success for the majority of multiple myeloma patients, yet today, 25% of all newly diagnosed patients live less than 3 years. […] Clearly, it seems reasonable to believe that certain subtypes within the former group of clinical high-risk myeloma will be considered as standard risk as newer therapies become better and better. […] In our opinion, a key task for the field is to move beyond the ill-defined clinical category high-risk myeloma which presumably contains several biological subtypes.

• #56 New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Assessment of Response in Multiple Myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587183/

  Indeed, recent meta-analysis data show that MRD negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. […] The findings are supportive of MRD assessment becoming a surrogate clinical endpoint that could be used to support regulatory purposes for drug review in multiple myeloma.

• #57 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  A recent large study demonstrated that only trisomy 3 improved PFS, whilst trisomy 3 and 5 improved OS, overcame the poor prognosis of t(4:14) and improved that of del(17p). […] The presence of high-risk FISH without a trisomy conveyed a poor prognosis with median OS of 3 years. […] The same high-risk FISH with at least one trisomy conferred a standard prognosis. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A very relevant, but somewhat unexplored area of investigation, is the understanding of how monitoring the depth of response in individual patients might inform prognosis and potentially be used to predict response to and guide therapy.

• #58 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  A prognostic model was developed using data from the UK Myeloma XI clinical trial, ISS and mutations affecting TP53, ATM or ATR and ZFH4 or CCND1; CNVs including del(17p) and amp(1q); and translocations involving t(4;14) and MYC. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] This brings into question whether patients who achieve a lesser response (i.e. at a level of 10^3) might benefit from a change in therapy and being treated more aggressively in an attempt to reach a target of 10^5, thereby realizing the benefit from the deeper response. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #59 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  A prognostic model was developed using data from the UK Myeloma XI clinical trial, ISS and mutations affecting TP53, ATM or ATR and ZFH4 or CCND1; CNVs including del(17p) and amp(1q); and translocations involving t(4;14) and MYC. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] This brings into question whether patients who achieve a lesser response (i.e. at a level of 10^3) might benefit from a change in therapy and being treated more aggressively in an attempt to reach a target of 10^5, thereby realizing the benefit from the deeper response. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #60 Individualized dynamic risk assessment for multiple myeloma | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.24305024v1.full-text

  Background Individualized treatment decisions for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) requires accurate risk stratification that takes into account patient-specific consequences of genetic abnormalities and tumor microenvironment on disease outcome and therapy responsiveness. […] We demonstrate that, unlike other tests, mmSYGNAL can accurately predict disease progression risk at primary diagnosis, pre- and post-transplant and even after multiple relapses, making it useful for individualized dynamic risk assessment throughout the disease trajectory. […] mmSYGNAL provides improved individualized risk stratification that accounts for a patients distinct set of genetic abnormalities and can monitor risk longitudinally as each patients disease characteristics change. […] Improvements in treatments based on better knowledge of underlying pathology have improved median overall survival (OS) to 6 years.

• #61 Individualized dynamic risk assessment for multiple myeloma | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.24305024v1.full-text

  Risk prediction using all models across the 769 patients within the IA12 dataset yielded an AUC value of 0.77. […] mmSYGNAL outperformed all methods in stratifying patients into low and high/extreme risk groups. […] Importantly, mmSYGNAL identified a greater number of patients as extreme or high-risk than both GEP70 and SKY92. […] This study demonstrated the effectiveness of mmSYGNAL for longitudinally monitoring the risk of disease progression in a patient, regardless of the stage of the disease at primary diagnosis, pre- and post-transplant, and even after multiple relapses.

• #62 Novel Risk Model May Personalize Prognosis Prediction in Patients With Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2024/novel-risk-model-may-personalize-prognosis-prediction-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma/

  Researchers have developed a novel computational model for personalized prognosis prediction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, according to a new study published by Maura et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Their model for individualized risk in multiple myeloma, or IRMMa, proved significantly more accurate than existing prognostic models for the disease. […] The IRMMa model was designed to improve on previous prognostic tools by factoring in patients tumor genomics and treatments. […] Our model is based on the idea of predicting the risk of the individual patient rather than that of the group, explained lead study author Francesco Maura, MD. […] The future of the field will have to be focused on precision medicine. Theres no other way forward, emphasized senior study author C. Ola Landgren, MD, PhD.

• #63 Construct prognostic models of multiple myeloma with pathway information incorporated | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012444

  Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease exhibiting aberrant clonal expansion of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. The effects of treatments for MM vary between patients, highlighting the importance of developing prognostic models for informed therapeutic decision-making. […] Most previous models were constructed at the gene level, ignoring the fact that the dysfunction of the pathway is closely associated with disease development and progression. […] The results showed that group lasso incorporating Vax pathway information (Vax(grp)) was more competitive in prediction than the gene model in both internal and external validation. […] In a nutshell, pathway-based models (using group lasso) were competitive alternatives to gene-based models for MM. […] The proposed models also outperformed previously published gene-based models.

• #64 Construct prognostic models of multiple myeloma with pathway information incorporated | PLOS Computational Biology

  https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012444

  The predictive power of pathways also differs depending on the methods used for model building. […] The advantage of group lasso is apparent in several pathway databases, such as Hallmark, CGP, CGN, GOCC, and VAX. […] Based on the internal validation, we selected Vax(grp) for external validation. […] Vax(grp) outperformed the other two models in both data, based on C-index, but was comparable to the gene model measured by IBS in GSE2658. […] Vax(grp) consistently outperformed all four existing well-known models in all three data (GSE136324 is the training data). […] The proposed model Vax(grp) selected 20 different pathways from the Vax pathway database. […] Compared with the gene-based model, the proposed Vax(grp) was more accurate in prediction and interpretable.

• #65 Frontiers | How artificial intelligence revolutionizes the world of multiple myeloma

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/hematology/articles/10.3389/frhem.2024.1331109/full

  Recently, the R2-ISS staging system has been recommended, which added the presence of 1q21 gain/amplification (1q21) to the R-ISS and allowed a better stratification within the intermediate-risk NDMM. […] Several studies have shown how AI can significantly improve risk stratification. […] The model re-classified the R2-ISS score into clusters with significantly divergent overall survival (OS). […] Another model used ML, creating a 50-variable RF (IAC-50) that included clinical (patient age and ISS stage), biochemical (serum beta-2 microglobulin), and RNA-seq (expression of 46 genes) data collected by the CoMMpass consortium. […] The model predicted OS with high concordance between both training and validation sets (C-indexes, 0.818 and 0.780, respectively). […] Another model has been developed for OS prediction. […] AI represents an attractive approach to leverage the large volume of clinical data that exist in MM, for both patients included in clinical trials and those included in registries or other real-world cohorts.

• #66 What is the Prognosis of a Myeloma Patient? – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/what-is-multiple-myeloma-prognosis

  The National Cancer Institute’s SEER Program reports that the five-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma between 2013 and 2019 is around 57%. This survival rate reflects advancements in treatment and early diagnosis. […] Lastly, Cancer Research UK indicates that survival rates for myeloma are improving, with many patients in England experiencing a 10-year survival rate due to better treatments and supportive care.

• #67 Survival statistics for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular person’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for multiple myeloma is 50%. This means that about 50% of people diagnosed with multiple myeloma will survive for at least 5 years. […] Survival by stage of multiple myeloma is reported as a 5-year overall survival. Overall survival is also called observed survival. It is the percentage of people with a certain type of cancer who are expected to live for at least a specified period of time after their diagnosis. Doctors often use the overall or observed survival rate when they talk about a prognosis. […] There are no specific Canadian statistics available for the different stages of multiple myeloma.

• #68 Multiple Myeloma: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/multiple-myeloma-your-chances-recovery-prognosis

  If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your healthcare provider will say you have a favorable prognosis. This means youre expected to live many years. If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. The cancer may shorten your life. Its important to keep in mind that a prognosis states whats likely or probable. It is not a prediction of what will definitely happen. No healthcare provider can be fully certain about an outcome. […] Here are the 5-year survival rates for multiple myeloma, according to the National Cancer Institute: Overall, the 5-year survival rate for myeloma is about 48%. For people whose cancer is found before it has spread beyond where it started (which is rare), the 5-year survival rate is about 70%. Once myeloma has reached other parts of the body, the 5-year survival rate is about 47%. Most people with myeloma fall into this group. […] A number of other factors can affect these numbers. For instance, younger people tend to have better survival rates than older people.

• #69 What is the Prognosis of a Myeloma Patient? – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/what-is-multiple-myeloma-prognosis

  Prognosis refers to the expected outcome or progression of a disease. For multiple myeloma, prognosis can give a glimpse of how well a patient might manage the disease over time. While there is no cure, the multiple myeloma prognosis has significantly improved, thanks to advances in treatments over the past 10-20 years. […] The life expectancy for multiple myeloma patients depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, genetic factors, age, and overall health. Many patients live relatively normal lives for many years, and a multiple myeloma diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. […] While multiple myeloma is considered incurable, its prognosis has improved dramatically. Since 2010, life expectancy for standard-risk multiple myeloma patients has increased from 3-5 years to over a decade. Even for high-risk cases, patients are living longer thanks to new treatments.

• #70 Risk stratification in multiple myeloma – A review and update – Annals of National Academy of Medical Sciences

  https://nams-annals.in/risk-stratification-in-multiple-myeloma-a-review-and-update/

  In the era of risk-adapted therapy, it is critical to identify high-risk patients to render effective treatment to achieve optimal response and good clinical outcomes. […] The identification of high-risk groups is relevant from a therapeutic and disease monitoring point of view. […] The risk stratification in MM has evolved over time to incorporate both clinical and laboratory parameters but the heterogeneity in presence and interpretation of the biomarkers is responsible for variable definitions of high-risk disease. […] The risk factors in MM can be broadly categorized into two, i.e. (1) patient-related factors and (2) disease-related factors. […] The various comorbidity parameters are a more objective and accurate way to assess the functional health status of myeloma patients and thus individualize treatment decisions.

• #71 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM. […] The prognostic value of FLC was independent of high-risk translocations such as t(4;14) and t(14;16), although they were positively correlated. […] The metabolic response and number of focal lesions found on PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed MM after treatment had independent prognostic value. […] The presence of high-risk cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) automatically classifies the patient as Stage III regardless of LDH or 2-microglobulin elevation. […] However, patients with these features were found to do better with triplet therapy (bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone) compared with intermediate or standard risk disease.

• #72 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  New approaches to better risk stratify MM patients for informing on prognosis and therapy selection are needed since most patients are managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors. […] However, despite new and improved biomarkers for determining the overall prognosis of MM patients, there is currently insufficient information to routinely utilise predictive biomarkers to select initial treatment for MM, intensify treatment for high-risk MM, reduce treatment for low-risk MM or for changing to an alternative treatment strategy altogether. […] The asymptomatic stages MGUS and SMM are generally characterised by a lower percentage of malignant plasma cells and lower levels of serum M protein, light chains and other traditional diagnostic biomarkers. […] Moreover, the Spanish myeloma group was able to show that high-risk SMM patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone had delayed progression and improved OS compared with observation alone, thus demonstrating a predictive biomarker application of the overall model.

• #73 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  The Mayo Clinic and Spanish models were developed for more robust prognostication of SMM patients and together proposed new criteria for identifying high-risk SMM. […] Moreover, the Spanish myeloma group was able to show that high-risk SMM patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone had delayed progression and improved OS compared with observation alone, thus demonstrating a predictive biomarker application of the overall model. […] Recently, a new prognostic model for SMM was introduced with median time to progression for low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups being 110, 68 and 29 months, respectively. […] An abnormal involved to uninvolved FLC ratio appears to be an accurate predictor of progression for patients with SMM and of survival and therapeutic response in patients with MM.

• #74 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  New approaches to better risk stratify MM patients for informing on prognosis and therapy selection are needed since most patients are managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors. […] However, despite new and improved biomarkers for determining the overall prognosis of MM patients, there is currently insufficient information to routinely utilise predictive biomarkers to select initial treatment for MM, intensify treatment for high-risk MM, reduce treatment for low-risk MM or for changing to an alternative treatment strategy altogether. […] The asymptomatic stages MGUS and SMM are generally characterised by a lower percentage of malignant plasma cells and lower levels of serum M protein, light chains and other traditional diagnostic biomarkers. […] Moreover, the Spanish myeloma group was able to show that high-risk SMM patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone had delayed progression and improved OS compared with observation alone, thus demonstrating a predictive biomarker application of the overall model.

• #75 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  New approaches to stratify multiple myeloma patients based on prognosis and therapeutic decision-making, or prediction, are needed since patients are currently managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors or disease characteristics. […] Despite recent advances in therapy, the 10-year survival rate remains at only 17%. […] New approaches to better risk stratify MM patients for informing on prognosis and therapy selection are needed since most patients are managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors. […] However, despite new and improved biomarkers for determining the overall prognosis of MM patients, there is currently insufficient information to routinely utilise predictive biomarkers to select initial treatment for MM, intensify treatment for high-risk MM, reduce treatment for low-risk MM or for changing to an alternative treatment strategy altogether.

• #76 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  The ever-increasing number and complexity of MM drug classes, including immunotherapeutic approaches such as bi-specific monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and CAR-T cells that not only target the malignant plasma cell but also harness the immune system have markedly improved response rates in MM patients. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #77 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  The ever-increasing number and complexity of MM drug classes, including immunotherapeutic approaches such as bi-specific monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and CAR-T cells that not only target the malignant plasma cell but also harness the immune system have markedly improved response rates in MM patients. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #78 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  A prognostic model was developed using data from the UK Myeloma XI clinical trial, ISS and mutations affecting TP53, ATM or ATR and ZFH4 or CCND1; CNVs including del(17p) and amp(1q); and translocations involving t(4;14) and MYC. […] MRD could be used as a predictive and/or prognostic biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy, inform on therapeutic decision making and predict PFS and OS. […] Thus, MRD is becoming a relevant surrogate marker for PFS and possibly OS in MM. […] A small study of 39 patients reported by the Italian MM group was among the first to establish that MRD dynamics could be another relevant prognostic factor. […] This brings into question whether patients who achieve a lesser response (i.e. at a level of 10^3) might benefit from a change in therapy and being treated more aggressively in an attempt to reach a target of 10^5, thereby realizing the benefit from the deeper response. […] Ultimately, clinically useful biomarkers will need to be relevant in the era of such novel therapies, which in some instances can overcome the poor prognosis of MM patients harbouring traditionally poor prognostic biology.

• #79 Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in multiple myeloma implicates poor prognosis and limitations of current prediction models for POD24 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-73822-w

  This study demonstrates statistically significant differences in OS between patients with and without POD24, confirming its prognostic value in newly diagnosed MM patients. Furthermore, factor analysis identifies POD24 as an independent prognostic risk factor, introducing a novel parameter for MM prognosis. […] Therefore, based on the above discussion, POD24 has practical prognostic value as an independent prognostic factor in MM, and seems to be relatively independent of existing prognostic models and can be used as a supplement to existing prognostic models. […] Based on the retrospective data mentioned above, it seemes that POD24 emerges as an independent poor prognostic factor for MM. Non-transplantation and chromosomal abnormalities further solidify its risk factors. According to our data, among the existing prognostic models, mSMART3.0 had the highest sensitivity in predicting POD24 and R-ISS had the highest specificity, but the AUC values of all models were less than 0.700, suggesting that there was no significant predictive efficacy. The need for a more accurate and timelier POD24 prognostic model remains unmet, particularly within the context of monoclonal antibody therapy not addressed in this bortezomib-based study. Future research should explore POD24 prognostic models and prediction in the era of new drug therapy to guide treatment adjustment and ultimately reduce POD24 occurrence and improve MM prognosis.

• #80 Novel Risk Model May Personalize Prognosis Prediction in Patients With Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2024/novel-risk-model-may-personalize-prognosis-prediction-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma/

  Researchers have developed a novel computational model for personalized prognosis prediction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, according to a new study published by Maura et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Their model for individualized risk in multiple myeloma, or IRMMa, proved significantly more accurate than existing prognostic models for the disease. […] The IRMMa model was designed to improve on previous prognostic tools by factoring in patients tumor genomics and treatments. […] Our model is based on the idea of predicting the risk of the individual patient rather than that of the group, explained lead study author Francesco Maura, MD. […] The future of the field will have to be focused on precision medicine. Theres no other way forward, emphasized senior study author C. Ola Landgren, MD, PhD.

• #81 Novel Risk Model May Personalize Prognosis Prediction in Patients With Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2024/novel-risk-model-may-personalize-prognosis-prediction-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma/

  Researchers have developed a novel computational model for personalized prognosis prediction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, according to a new study published by Maura et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Their model for individualized risk in multiple myeloma, or IRMMa, proved significantly more accurate than existing prognostic models for the disease. […] The IRMMa model was designed to improve on previous prognostic tools by factoring in patients tumor genomics and treatments. […] Our model is based on the idea of predicting the risk of the individual patient rather than that of the group, explained lead study author Francesco Maura, MD. […] The future of the field will have to be focused on precision medicine. Theres no other way forward, emphasized senior study author C. Ola Landgren, MD, PhD.

• #82 New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Assessment of Response in Multiple Myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587183/

  The past few years, the management of multiple myeloma has changed. […] Recent meta-analysis data show that MRD negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. […] Emerging DNA sequencing data show that newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients have a broad range of mutations which are distributed unevenly in multiple parallel sub-clones present already at diagnosis. […] Despite all success for the majority of multiple myeloma patients, yet today, 25% of all newly diagnosed patients live less than 3 years. […] Clearly, it seems reasonable to believe that certain subtypes within the former group of clinical high-risk myeloma will be considered as standard risk as newer therapies become better and better. […] In our opinion, a key task for the field is to move beyond the ill-defined clinical category high-risk myeloma which presumably contains several biological subtypes.

• #83 Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/leu2017179

  Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. […] We confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 107), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 1014) and 1.68 (P=2.18 1014), respectively. […] Patients with double-hit defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 1027) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 1018) for intensively treated patients. […] In both trial series, the archetypical high-risk lesions del(17p), gain(1q) and t(4;14) were each significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS.

• #84 Individualized dynamic risk assessment for multiple myeloma | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.24305024v1.full-text

  Background Individualized treatment decisions for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) requires accurate risk stratification that takes into account patient-specific consequences of genetic abnormalities and tumor microenvironment on disease outcome and therapy responsiveness. […] We demonstrate that, unlike other tests, mmSYGNAL can accurately predict disease progression risk at primary diagnosis, pre- and post-transplant and even after multiple relapses, making it useful for individualized dynamic risk assessment throughout the disease trajectory. […] mmSYGNAL provides improved individualized risk stratification that accounts for a patients distinct set of genetic abnormalities and can monitor risk longitudinally as each patients disease characteristics change. […] Improvements in treatments based on better knowledge of underlying pathology have improved median overall survival (OS) to 6 years.

• #85 Novel Risk Model May Personalize Prognosis Prediction in Patients With Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2024/novel-risk-model-may-personalize-prognosis-prediction-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma/

  Researchers have developed a novel computational model for personalized prognosis prediction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, according to a new study published by Maura et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Their model for individualized risk in multiple myeloma, or IRMMa, proved significantly more accurate than existing prognostic models for the disease. […] The IRMMa model was designed to improve on previous prognostic tools by factoring in patients tumor genomics and treatments. […] Our model is based on the idea of predicting the risk of the individual patient rather than that of the group, explained lead study author Francesco Maura, MD. […] The future of the field will have to be focused on precision medicine. Theres no other way forward, emphasized senior study author C. Ola Landgren, MD, PhD.

• #86 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461914/

  New approaches to better risk stratify MM patients for informing on prognosis and therapy selection are needed since most patients are managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors. […] However, despite new and improved biomarkers for determining the overall prognosis of MM patients, there is currently insufficient information to routinely utilise predictive biomarkers to select initial treatment for MM, intensify treatment for high-risk MM, reduce treatment for low-risk MM or for changing to an alternative treatment strategy altogether. […] The asymptomatic stages MGUS and SMM are generally characterised by a lower percentage of malignant plasma cells and lower levels of serum M protein, light chains and other traditional diagnostic biomarkers. […] Moreover, the Spanish myeloma group was able to show that high-risk SMM patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone had delayed progression and improved OS compared with observation alone, thus demonstrating a predictive biomarker application of the overall model.

• #87 Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7

  New approaches to stratify multiple myeloma patients based on prognosis and therapeutic decision-making, or prediction, are needed since patients are currently managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors or disease characteristics. […] Despite recent advances in therapy, the 10-year survival rate remains at only 17%. […] New approaches to better risk stratify MM patients for informing on prognosis and therapy selection are needed since most patients are managed in a similar manner regardless of individual risk factors. […] However, despite new and improved biomarkers for determining the overall prognosis of MM patients, there is currently insufficient information to routinely utilise predictive biomarkers to select initial treatment for MM, intensify treatment for high-risk MM, reduce treatment for low-risk MM or for changing to an alternative treatment strategy altogether.

• #88 Novel Risk Model May Personalize Prognosis Prediction in Patients With Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2024/novel-risk-model-may-personalize-prognosis-prediction-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma/

  Researchers have developed a novel computational model for personalized prognosis prediction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, according to a new study published by Maura et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Their model for individualized risk in multiple myeloma, or IRMMa, proved significantly more accurate than existing prognostic models for the disease. […] The IRMMa model was designed to improve on previous prognostic tools by factoring in patients tumor genomics and treatments. […] Our model is based on the idea of predicting the risk of the individual patient rather than that of the group, explained lead study author Francesco Maura, MD. […] The future of the field will have to be focused on precision medicine. Theres no other way forward, emphasized senior study author C. Ola Landgren, MD, PhD.

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