Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Can Multiple Myeloma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent multiple myeloma. But there might be things you can do to help lower your risk. […] Most of the risk factors for multiple myeloma, like your age and family history, cant be changed or controlled. But there are things you can do that might help lower your risk: Get to and stay at a healthy weight. If possible, avoid radiation and chemicals that might raise multiple myeloma risk. […] At this time, there is no known way to prevent people with MGUS from getting multiple myeloma, but this is an active area of research.

• #1 Diets for MGUS, Smoldering Myeloma, and Multiple Myeloma: Q&A With MSK Cancer and Nutrition Experts | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/diets-for-mgus-smoldering-myeloma-and-multiple-myeloma-q-with-msk-cancer-and-nutrition-experts

  Myeloma specialist Dr. Urvi Shah is researching the role that whole-food and plant-based diets may play in slowing the progression of certain conditions into multiple myeloma. […] MSK myeloma specialist Urvi Shah, MD, is currently researching the role that plant-based diets may play in slowing the progression of these conditions or even preventing them altogether. […] This is the first study of its kind to show that a high-fiber plant-based intervention may delay progression from MGUS or SMM to multiple myeloma, says Dr. Shah. […] Our NUTRIVENTION research in humans and additional studies in mice suggest that this may be possible in some cases with a high-fiber, plant-based diet although larger trials are needed to confirm this. […] There are many reasons to think that plant-based diets may affect MGUS and smoldering myeloma progression.

• #1 Diets for MGUS, Smoldering Myeloma, and Multiple Myeloma: Q&A With MSK Cancer and Nutrition Experts | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/diets-for-mgus-smoldering-myeloma-and-multiple-myeloma-q-with-msk-cancer-and-nutrition-experts

  Additionally, there are multiple studies showing that people who eat more plant-forward diets reduce their risk of myeloma and of cancer in general. […] People should try to get at least 80% to 90% of calories from unprocessed plant foods. […] Its more important that the changes are gradual and sustainable. […] Curcumin may help certain patients with smoldering myeloma, according to early clinical data. […] Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in the lab to inhibit the growth of myeloma cells. […] People should avoid refined carbohydrates such as cookies, cakes, and croissants. […] But they should not avoid complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, beans, fruits, and vegetables. […] Its important to try to break down the myth that all carbs are bad. […] I tell patients to make a choice for themselves whether vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian, Mediterranean. […] But its important to try to get 90% of calories from whole plant foods. […] Dietary fiber is associated with people feeling more satiated.

• #1 JMIR Research Protocols – Design and Rationale of Prolonged Nightly Fasting for Multiple Myeloma Prevention (PROFAST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2024/1/e51368

  Obesity is an established, modifiable risk factor of multiple myeloma (MM); yet, no lifestyle interventions are routinely recommended for patients with overweight or obesity with MM precursor conditions. Prolonged nightly fasting is a simple, practical dietary regimen supported by research, suggesting that the synchronization of feeding-fasting timing with sleep-wake cycles favorably affects metabolic pathways implicated in MM. […] Lifestyle interventions targeting excess adiposity and metabolic health in precursor patients may have an important role in MM prevention. Obesity is a well-established, potentially modifiable risk factor of MM, and there is accumulating evidence that obesity may also increase the risk of MGUS and its progression to overt MM. […] The PROlonged nightly FASTing (PROFAST) study is a randomized controlled pilot trial investigating the clinical benefit of a 4-month prolonged nightly fasting regimen in individuals with overweight or obesity with MGUS, those with SMM, and those with smoldering Waldenstrm macroglobulinemia (SWM).

• #1 Reducing your risk for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing multiple myeloma by doing the following. […] Research shows that overweight or obesity increases your risk for multiple myeloma. Eating well and being physically active can help you have a healthy body weight. […] People who work on a farm have a higher risk of developing multiple myeloma. This may be linked to working with certain harmful substances, such as pesticides. […] Some viral infections may increase the risk for multiple myeloma. These include hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV, which can lead to AIDS. You can lower your risk of infection with these viruses. […] Some people can have a higher than average risk for multiple myeloma. Talk to your doctor about your risk. If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for multiple myeloma.

• #1 Multiple myeloma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma

  The risk of multiple myeloma can be reduced slightly by maintaining a normal body weight. […] Increasingly, however, efforts are underway to study whether drug therapies applied during the smoldering stage might prevent the disease from ever advancing to the active stage. […] Oral prophylaxis, hygiene instruction, and elimination of sources of infection within the mouth before beginning cancer treatment can reduce the risk of infectious complications. Before starting bisphosphonate therapy, the person’s dental health should be evaluated to assess the risk factors to prevent the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

• #1 Multiple Myeloma Treatment and Clinical Trials | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/treatment/hematologic-oncology/programs/multiple-myeloma

  Our Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers (formerly the Center for Prevention of Progression) cares for patients diagnosed with or at high risk for precursor conditions of multiple myeloma such as MGUS and smoldering myeloma. The clinic works with patients to manage their risk of disease progression and offers clinical trials of early intervention therapies to prevent disease progression.

• #1 Multiple Myeloma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/multiple-myeloma

  PROMISE is a research study led by Dr. Irene Ghobrial to identify, screen, and monitor individuals at high risk of developing multiple myeloma. This includes individuals ages 30-75 years who are African American and/or individuals with a first-degree relative with a plasma cell disorder such as multiple myeloma. […] Our Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers (formerly the Center for Prevention of Progression) cares for patients diagnosed with or at high risk for precursor conditions of multiple myeloma such as MGUS and smoldering myeloma. The clinic works with patients to manage their risk of disease progression and offers clinical trials of early intervention therapies to prevent disease progression. […] Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers (formerly the Center for Prevention of Progression) for patients with MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma, precursor conditions of multiple myeloma.

• #1 Multiple myeloma: Prevention of venous thromboembolism – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multiple-myeloma-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism

  Multiple myeloma: Prevention of venous thromboembolism […] Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that appears to be related to both the malignancy itself and the therapy given. In particular, the rate of VTE is especially high for patients with MM treated with regimens that contain an immunomodulatory drug such as lenalidomide, pomalidomide, or thalidomide. […] Prophylactic strategies to minimize this risk of VTE in patients with MM will be discussed here. […]

• #1

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2022.280893

  All patients with multiple myeloma who are candidates for active anti-myeloma treatment need evaluation for risk of thrombosis in order to prevent thromboembolic complications appropriately. […] Patient-, disease- and treatment-related factors should be evaluated. […] All patients with multiple myeloma who are candidates for active anti-myeloma treatment should be considered for thromboprophylaxis. […] The type, intensity and duration of thromboprophylaxis should be tailored according to the individuals baseline thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk profiles. […] Current thrombosis guidelines recommend primary VTE prophylaxis with aspirin, warfarin or LMWH. […] In 2008, the IMWG recommended primary thromboprophylaxis for MM patients and specifically aspirin for patients with one or no risk factors for VTE and LMWH (equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg/day) for those with two or more individual/myeloma-related risk factors and for all patients receiving concurrent high-dose dexamethasone or doxorubicin.

• #1 Safety and Efficacy of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

  https://www.jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2025-issues/february-2025-vol-15-no-1/safety-and-efficacy-of-venous-thromboembolism-prophylaxis-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma

  Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has provided corresponding VTE prophylaxis recommendations. […] The NCCN recommends using either the IMPEDE or SAVED scoring system to determine the type of VTE prophylaxis that patients with multiple myeloma should receive. […] Research has established several validated VTE risk stratification tools for patients with multiple myeloma, and the NCCN has provided recommended VTE prophylaxis based on a patients risk stratification. […] These NCCN-directed VTE prophylaxis recommendations should be assessed in terms of their effectiveness in the prevention of breakthrough VTE events and the incidence of bleeding. […] This study showcases the need for NCCN-directed VTE prophylaxis in vulnerable patients based on IMPEDE scoring.

• #1 Prevention of Thromboembolism in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2018-issues/jhop-march-2018-vol-8-no-1/prevention-of-thromboembolism-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma

  Since the recognition of increased incidence of VTE among patients with multiple myeloma, researchers have looked for the most effective prophylaxis against this complication. Aspirin, warfarin, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) have been studied as thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma who receive IMiDs. […] The IMWG has recommendations that are therapy specific. The duration of prophylaxis therapy is not addressed. […] ASCO recommends the use of thromboprophylaxis for patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone. For low-risk patients, low-dose aspirin or LMWH equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg daily is appropriate. […] For high-risk patients, LMWH equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg daily is recommended. Low-fixed-dose warfarin has been removed from this recommendation in the most recent ASCO guidelines.

• #1

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2022.280893

  The duration of thromboprophylaxis should be modulated according to the length of anti-myeloma treatment and evolving risk factors. Prophylaxis should continue as long as a thrombotic risk is present (e.g., active disease or assumption of drugs with a thrombotic risk). […] For patients under lenalidomide maintenance, thromboprophylaxis is indicated even if thromboembolic events are less frequent than during newly diagnosed disease. In these patients, prophylactic aspirin 100 mg/day is recommended. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines included guidance on the prevention of VTE in MM patients. The recommended VTE prophylaxis for patients with an IMPEDE score of 3 points or a SAVED score of 2 points is aspirin at a dose of 81 to 325 mg once daily. […] Thus, alternative thromboprophylaxis strategies for MM under consideration at present include the use of a DOAC licensed for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis.

• #1 IMWG recommendations for infections in multiple myeloma

  https://multiplemyelomahub.com/medical-information/imwg-recommendations-for-infections-in-multiple-myeloma

  Infection is a major concern in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), leading to morbidity and mortality, and it may occur due to several reasons. Infection risk is highest within the first 3 months of diagnosis and during treatment for MM and it may peak again in cases of relapse and severely impaired immunity. Preventive measures play an important role in reducing the risk; however, there are no global guidelines in this regard. […] Newly diagnosed patients should be vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae as early as possible and given a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. The management of infections should be individualized based on infection risk. […] Age of 75 years or older, frailty, poor performance status, or comorbidities have been associated with increased risk of shingles, pneumonia, and urosepsis due to immune senescence and deficiency related to impaired renal and liver function. In these patients, risk-adapted MM therapy and prophylaxis with acyclovir should be considered.

• #1 Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of early infection in multiple myeloma – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8678082/

  Patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk for bacterial infection. During the first 2 months of initial chemotherapy the rate of infection is twice that experienced during the remainder of the disease course. As many as one-third of these early infections are fatal, and many more prevent adequate administration of chemotherapy. This study was designed to determine whether the morbidity and mortality of early infection can be prevented by prophylactic administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). […] Administering TMP-SMX for the first 2 months of initial chemotherapy is effective, inexpensive prophylaxis for early bacterial infection in multiple myeloma.

• #1 Levofloxacin Prophylaxis During Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/november-2019/levofloxacin-prophylaxis-during-treatment-of-newly-diagnosed-multiple-myeloma/

  In the phase III TEAMM trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Drayson et al found that prophylactic treatment with levofloxacin during the first 12 weeks of multiple myeloma treatment in newly diagnosed patients was associated with a significant reduction in first febrile episodes or death from any cause. […] Levofloxacin prophylaxis was associated with a reduction in the primary endpoint of first febrile episodes or death from any cause. […] The investigators concluded, Addition of prophylactic levofloxacin to active myeloma treatment during the first 12 weeks of therapy significantly reduced febrile episodes and deaths compared with placebo without increasing health care-associated infections. These results suggest that prophylactic levofloxacin could be used for patients with newly diagnosed myeloma undergoing antimyeloma therapy.

• #1 Infection Prevention with Dr. Benjamin Derman – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/infectionpreventionformyeloma

  Dr. Derman’s focus for newly diagnosed patients includes shingles prophylaxis (or prevention) with Acyclovir at a 400 mg twice-daily dose. His next priority is preventing antibacterial infections for those that are neutropenic (meaning that they have low white blood cell counts) or those that have a high percentage of myeloma cells in their bone marrow, meaning that they are likely to be neutropenic. He uses the aforementioned levofloxacin for these patients. […] Dr. Derman uses the following in order to prevent infection in myeloma patients who have just received a stem cell transplant. […] As a rule, Dr. Derman uses levofloxacin and fluconazole as prophylaxis (protection) from antibacterial and anti-fungal viruses for around two weeks, until the patients are leaving the hospital. […] The most important is to adhere to a vaccination schedule, that includes COVID re-vaccination, that should have been provided to you by your transplant doctor. […] Shingles protection is a must for all (whether through acyclovir or the shingles vaccine, although acyclovir has proven to be more efficient) […] There are antibiotics and other preventative measures that can be taken in order to reduce infection risk.

• #1 Prevention and management of adverse events of novel agents in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-018-0040-1

  However, there is currently no robust evidence on the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis, especially in active uncontrolled disease as well as in lenalidomide maintenance therapy. […] Recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. […] Caregivers and patients should be aware of the increased risks inferred by immunosuppression and install appropriate prophylactic measures, if available. […] Patients should be vaccinated against several pathogens (Table 4). The most important are influenza virus, pneumococci, and haemophilus influenzae. […] Antiviral prophylaxis during the entire duration of treatment with any of the available PIs, but also during treatment with mAbs, is mandatory. […] Monitoring patients for severe skin reactions is recommended in patients receiving thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, or ixazomib.

• #1 Multiple Myeloma Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Management of Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-guidelines

  The NCCN, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and International Myeloma Workshop clinical guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism agree that patients with multiple myeloma who are receiving thalidomide- or lenalidomide-based regimens with chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone should receive prophylactic anticoagulation therapy with either aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for lower-risk patients and LMWH for higher-risk patients. […] Vaccination against influenza is recommended; vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae is appropriate, but efficacy is not guaranteed due to suboptimal immune response. […] Prophylactic acyclovir (or valacyclovir) is recommended for patients receiving proteasome inhibitors, or autologous or allogeneic transplantation. […] Guidelines on the management of multiple myeloma complications by the European Myeloma Network include the following recommendations: Treatment with ESAs may be initiated in patients with persistent symptomatic anemia (hemoglobin 10g/dL) in whom other causes of anemia have been excluded.

• #1 Monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections in patients with MM receiving bispecific antibody therapy: consensus recommendations from an expert panel | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-023-00879-7

  Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are emerging as an important novel class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), and are set to be more widely used in clinical practice. […] As preliminary data with this class of agents shows an increased risk of infections as compared with conventional MM treatment regimens, such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), guidance on infection monitoring, prophylaxis and treatment is required. […] The recommendations outlined here can be used to guide management of infection risk factors, such as hypogammaglobulinemia and neutropenia. In addition, they can be used to guide the monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of bacterial, viral and fungal infections, including emerging infections of interest, such as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and the use of vaccinations prior to and during BsAb treatment.

• #1 Opportunistic infections in multiple myeloma part II: Prophylaxis and management

  https://multiplemyelomahub.com/medical-information/opportunistic-infections-in-multiple-myeloma-part-ii-prophylaxis-and-management

  Infections are one of the most prolific causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), second only to the disease itself. Infections are also significantly more common in patients with MM, with certain treatments and disease stages posing a particularly high-risk; for instance, in the first three months after diagnosis, and during treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. Therefore, there is a need for effective prophylaxis, management, and vaccination in these patients. […] Vaccination is one of the most utilized and successful tools to reduce the incidence of serious infection, globally. It is particularly important for patients with MM, who are statistically more likely to acquire infections that result in hospitalization and death. Patients with MM may require a broader spectrum of vaccines and more doses to maintain immunity.

• #1 Opportunistic infections in multiple myeloma part II: Prophylaxis and management

  https://multiplemyelomahub.com/medical-information/opportunistic-infections-in-multiple-myeloma-part-ii-prophylaxis-and-management

  After autologous and especially allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, patients are at a particularly high risk for infection therefore a broad range of vaccinations are recommended following transplant. […] Certain patient populations and treatments place patients at a higher risk of infection. These groups include newly diagnosed patients initiating therapy, those receiving immunosuppressive agents, and those who are severely immunosuppressed following transplant. Other special situations may include those at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19, and patients experiencing recurrent infections with a suboptimal response to antibiotics. […] Prior to initiating active treatment for MM, an infectious risk assessment should be performed to identify patients who could benefit from early intervention. When selecting prophylactic measures, performance status, past medical history, clinical risk factors and screening for infections should be considered. Vaccination history and risks for common infections such as COVID-19 should be examined on an individual basis. In addition to patients with MM, there may be consideration for vaccination and measures to reduce exposure to family and caregivers. Clear guidelines are lacking for the identification of patients with MM and high-risk for infections, for appropriate interventions, and further research is required to better inform prophylactic strategies.

• #1 Infections and Myeloma: How To Lower Your Risk | MyMyelomaTeam

  https://www.mymyelomateam.com/resources/infections-and-myeloma-how-to-lower-your-risk

  People living with multiple myeloma (MM) are seven times more likely to develop an infection compared with the general population. […] You can help protect yourself or your loved one with myeloma by taking preventive measures to lower the risk of infection. […] Vaccination is one of the most successful medical interventions against infections. […] Vaccinations recommended for people with myeloma (and often their caregivers and family members) include: […] Talk to your oncology specialist about which vaccines you should receive and whether it is important to time them with myeloma treatment. […] In addition to vaccines, there are other treatments and preventive measures for managing infection risk with myeloma: […] For people with MM who have low antibody levels, intravenous immunoglobulin, made up of donor antibodies, can be administered regularly to increase these antibodies and help prevent infections.

• #1 IVIG Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma Cuts Infections, Boosts Survival | MDedge

  https://medauth2.mdedge.com/content/ivig-prophylaxis-multiple-myeloma-cuts-infections-boosts-survival

  SAN DIEGO Patients with multiple myeloma who receive intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis during treatment with teclistamab have fewer infections and better overall survival, compared with those who do not receive IVIG prophylaxis, according to new findings presented at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2024 Annual Meeting. […] IVIG supplementation has been shown to prevent severe infections in patients with multiple myeloma, but evidence on the best time to initiate IVIG prophylaxis among those receiving teclistamab remains less clear. […] A key takeaway from the current findings is to start IVIG within 30 days, said lead investigator Heloise Cheruvalath, BA, a medical student at Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who presented the findings. […] Comparing patients who did and did not receive IVIG prophylaxis, median infection-free survival was significantly longer in the prophylaxis group a median of 7.7 months vs 3 months as was grade 3 or higher infection-free survival a median of 14 months vs 7.5 months.

• #1 Infections and Myeloma: How To Lower Your Risk | MyMyelomaTeam

  https://www.mymyelomateam.com/resources/infections-and-myeloma-how-to-lower-your-risk

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends frequent hand-washing with soap and warm water to lower the risk of infections. […] When you’re immunocompromised, it’s best to avoid large gatherings and crowds when possible. […] It is important to prevent constipation by hydrating, exercising, and eating a healthy diet. […] Avoid sexually transmitted infections by using latex or plastic condoms.

• #1 Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trial | XGEVA® (denosumab)

  https://www.xgevahcp.com/efficacy/multiple-myeloma-clinical-trial

  XGEVA is indicated for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with multiple myeloma and in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. […] Pre-existing hypocalcemia must be corrected prior to initiating therapy with XGEVA. XGEVA can cause severe symptomatic hypocalcemia, and fatal cases have been reported. Monitor calcium levels, especially in the first weeks of initiating therapy, and administer calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D as necessary. […] These data further support the removal of the limitation of use in patients with MM for the prevention of bone complications.

• #1 Anakinra Prophylaxis Produces Lower Toxicities for Patients with Multiple Myeloma

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/anakinra-prophylaxis-produces-lower-toxicities-for-patients-with-multiple-myeloma

  Anakinra prophylaxis was associated with lower incidences of 2 grade cytokine release syndrome and no adverse effects on the incidence of neurological events in patients with multiple myeloma. […] The data, which were presented at the European Hematology Association (EHA) 2021 Virtual Congress, also showed that the use of anakinra prophylaxis had no adverse effect on the incidence of neurological events (NEs), infection, macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS/HLH), orva-cel expansion or disease response. […] The authors noted that these results warrant further study of anakinra prophylaxis in combination with CAR T-cell therapy in these patients.

• #1 Prevention and management of adverse events of novel agents in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-018-0040-1

  Recommendations for orthostatic dysregulation consist of a combination of vasoconstrictor drugs, volume expansion, compression garments, and postural adjustment, together with reduction or discontinuation of any concomitant blood pressure lowering medication. […] In case of established infection, the treatment of choice is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole.

• #2 Multiple Myeloma Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention.html

  For some types of cancer, risk factors are known for the majority of cases. For example, smoking causes most lung cancers. This provides an opportunity for prevention. […] With multiple myeloma, few cases are linked to risk factors that can be avoided, so there is no known way to prevent most multiple myelomas from developing.

• #2 Reducing your risk for multiple myeloma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing multiple myeloma by doing the following. […] Research shows that overweight or obesity increases your risk for multiple myeloma. Eating well and being physically active can help you have a healthy body weight. […] People who work on a farm have a higher risk of developing multiple myeloma. This may be linked to working with certain harmful substances, such as pesticides. […] Some viral infections may increase the risk for multiple myeloma. These include hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV, which can lead to AIDS. You can lower your risk of infection with these viruses. […] Some people can have a higher than average risk for multiple myeloma. Talk to your doctor about your risk. If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for multiple myeloma.

• #2 Diets for MGUS, Smoldering Myeloma, and Multiple Myeloma: Q&A With MSK Cancer and Nutrition Experts | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/diets-for-mgus-smoldering-myeloma-and-multiple-myeloma-q-with-msk-cancer-and-nutrition-experts

  Additionally, there are multiple studies showing that people who eat more plant-forward diets reduce their risk of myeloma and of cancer in general. […] People should try to get at least 80% to 90% of calories from unprocessed plant foods. […] Its more important that the changes are gradual and sustainable. […] Curcumin may help certain patients with smoldering myeloma, according to early clinical data. […] Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in the lab to inhibit the growth of myeloma cells. […] People should avoid refined carbohydrates such as cookies, cakes, and croissants. […] But they should not avoid complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, beans, fruits, and vegetables. […] Its important to try to break down the myth that all carbs are bad. […] I tell patients to make a choice for themselves whether vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian, Mediterranean. […] But its important to try to get 90% of calories from whole plant foods. […] Dietary fiber is associated with people feeling more satiated.

• #2 JMIR Research Protocols – Design and Rationale of Prolonged Nightly Fasting for Multiple Myeloma Prevention (PROFAST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

  https://www.researchprotocols.org/2024/1/e51368

  PROFAST serves as an important first step in exploring the premise that prolonged nightly fasting is a strategy to control obesity and obesity-related mechanisms of myelomagenesis. […] The implication of these factors is that weight loss may curb the contribution that excess adiposity-associated chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation have on MM development. […] Prolonged nightly fasting represents a lifestyle modification that is safe, practical, and acceptable for patients who otherwise are managed by a watchful waiting strategy. […] By evaluating the impact of this lifestyle intervention on relevant biomarkers of excess adiposity and myeloma tumor burden, this pilot study may generate hypotheses and inform further investigations in identifying clinical and public health strategies for MM prevention.

• #2

  https://www.americanoncology.com/cancer-we-treat/prevention/multiple-myeloma

  You can reduce the risk of multiple myeloma by: […] Getting screened regularly after the age of 50 […] Eating a well-balanced diet: Balanced diet may prevent the risk of multiple myeloma as many researchers found that fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of lung cancer, and calcium plays a crucial role in preventing colorectal cancer. […] Getting vaccinated against hepatitis B and C […] Practicing safer sex […] Physically active lifestyle: Daily physical activities like exercise and yoga play a crucial role. It strengthens the body’s immune system to fight abnormal cells and prevent the growth and development of multiple myeloma and other types of cancer. […] Maintaining a healthy BMR: Basal Metabolic rate acts as an indicator of overall body metabolism and may be a proxy for the impact of a specific metabolic profile on cancer risk. […] Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals

• #2 Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23911-smoldering-multiple-myeloma

  No, theres no known way to prevent SMM. […] Healthcare providers may recommend clinical trials that evaluate better ways to manage smoldering multiple myeloma and prevent it from becoming active multiple myeloma. […] Is there treatment to prevent SMM from becoming multiple myeloma?

• #2 Prevention of Progression of MGUS and SMM – HealthTree for Multiple Myeloma

  https://healthtree.org/myeloma/community/articles/metformin-for-prevention-of-progression-mgus-smm

  There are recent studies suggesting that the use of metformin could help prevent the progression from MGUS or SMM to active multiple myeloma. […] This clinical trial aims to test the efficacy of metformin in reducing indicators of progression to active multiple myeloma, such as M-spike, light chains, hemoglobin, and the evolution of CD138+ cells. […] This clinical trial is for patients with higher-risk MGUS and low-risk smoldering multiple myeloma.

• #2 Multiple Myeloma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/multiple-myeloma

  PROMISE is a research study led by Dr. Irene Ghobrial to identify, screen, and monitor individuals at high risk of developing multiple myeloma. This includes individuals ages 30-75 years who are African American and/or individuals with a first-degree relative with a plasma cell disorder such as multiple myeloma. […] Our Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers (formerly the Center for Prevention of Progression) cares for patients diagnosed with or at high risk for precursor conditions of multiple myeloma such as MGUS and smoldering myeloma. The clinic works with patients to manage their risk of disease progression and offers clinical trials of early intervention therapies to prevent disease progression. […] Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers (formerly the Center for Prevention of Progression) for patients with MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma, precursor conditions of multiple myeloma.

• #2 Prevention of Thromboembolism in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2018-issues/jhop-march-2018-vol-8-no-1/prevention-of-thromboembolism-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma

  Since the recognition of increased incidence of VTE among patients with multiple myeloma, researchers have looked for the most effective prophylaxis against this complication. Aspirin, warfarin, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) have been studied as thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma who receive IMiDs. […] The IMWG has recommendations that are therapy specific. The duration of prophylaxis therapy is not addressed. […] ASCO recommends the use of thromboprophylaxis for patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone. For low-risk patients, low-dose aspirin or LMWH equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg daily is appropriate. […] For high-risk patients, LMWH equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg daily is recommended. Low-fixed-dose warfarin has been removed from this recommendation in the most recent ASCO guidelines.

• #2 Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in multiple myeloma

  https://www.eviq.org.au/clinical-resources/side-effect-and-toxicity-management/haematological/1443-prophylaxis-of-venous-thromboembolism-vte-i

  There is little published evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of different forms of VTE prophylaxis and recommendations are largely based on expert opinion. […] The SAVED and IMPEDE risk stratification tools have been incorporated in NCCN guidelines to generate recommendations for the use of aspirin or low-dose anticoagulation for VTE prophylaxis. […] The optimal duration of VTE prophylaxis has not been established. […] It may be reasonable to cease VTE prophylaxis in patients on maintenance single-agent IMiD therapy without additional risk factors. […] Although VTE risk is greatest in the first 6 months of treatment, it is reasonable to continue VTE prophylaxis in patients with additional risk factors for the duration of myeloma treatment. […] Mechanical methods of VTE prophylaxis (e.g. graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression devices and venous foot pumps) reduce the frequency of VTE, however, data is limited.

• #2 Prevention of Thromboembolism in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2018-issues/jhop-march-2018-vol-8-no-1/prevention-of-thromboembolism-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma

  The NCCN guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis for any patient with multiple myeloma who receives IMiDs, including pomalidomide. In patients with 0 to 1 individual or multiple myeloma risk factors identified by the NCCN, thromboprophylaxis with aspirin 81 mg to 325 mg daily is recommended. […] In the presence of 2 individual or multiple myeloma-related risk factors, prophylaxis with an LMWH equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg daily or with full-dose warfarin is recommended. […] Patients at low- or intermediate-risk for chemotherapy-associated VTE should be prescribed aspirin 81 mg daily. Alternatively, the NCCN guidelines recommend that all patients with at least 1 risk factor, namely all patients with multiple myeloma, should be prescribed aspirin, 81 mg daily. […] Thromboprophylaxis should be started at the initiation of IMiD therapy and continued until completion of IMiD therapy. For many patients who receive long-term maintenance with lenalidomide or pomalidomide, this means lifelong thromboprophylactic therapy.

• #2 Infection prophylaxis in multiple myeloma | VJHemOnc

  https://www.vjhemonc.com/video/vltnqm5zu7c-infection-prophylaxis-in-multiple-myeloma/

  In this video, Graham Jackson, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPath, MD, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK, discusses infection prophylaxis in multiple myeloma, drawing focus on the risk that bacterial and viral infections pose to patients. […] I think we all know, after the past two years, how important infections are. And now our myeloma patients are undoubtedly at big risk of infections. […] And I would describe the biggest threat to myeloma patients, outside of their disease, is infection. It can be because theyve got no immunoglobulins, it could be because theyre neutropenic or their immune system is impacted by continuous therapy. […] COVID has meant that we have to re-concentrate on infections in our patients, because thats whats preventing some of our patients from gaining all of the benefits of the new therapies were seeing in multiple myeloma.

• #2 Levofloxacin Prophylaxis: How Effective in Newly Diagnosed Myeloma? – Focus on Multiple Myeloma

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-centers/focus-multiple-myeloma/levofloxacin-prophylaxis-effective-newly-diagnosed-myeloma/2911

  Supportive care, including prevention of infections, has become increasingly critical in the management of patients with multiple myeloma as therapeutic advances have led to substantially improved survival. […] As described in their recent report in Lancet Oncology, Mark Drayson, MBChB, PhD, and his fellow researchers launched a clinical trial called Tackling Early Morbidity and Mortality in Myeloma (TEAMM) to investigate the utility of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma. […] The study showed that, within the first 12 weeks of treatment, levofloxacin prophylaxis, compared with placebo, yielded significantly fewer febrile episodes and deaths from all causes and a significantly longer time to first febrile episode or death, without increasing healthcare-associated infections or carriage.

• #2 Multiple Myeloma Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Management of Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-guidelines

  The NCCN, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and International Myeloma Workshop clinical guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism agree that patients with multiple myeloma who are receiving thalidomide- or lenalidomide-based regimens with chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone should receive prophylactic anticoagulation therapy with either aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for lower-risk patients and LMWH for higher-risk patients. […] Vaccination against influenza is recommended; vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae is appropriate, but efficacy is not guaranteed due to suboptimal immune response. […] Prophylactic acyclovir (or valacyclovir) is recommended for patients receiving proteasome inhibitors, or autologous or allogeneic transplantation. […] Guidelines on the management of multiple myeloma complications by the European Myeloma Network include the following recommendations: Treatment with ESAs may be initiated in patients with persistent symptomatic anemia (hemoglobin 10g/dL) in whom other causes of anemia have been excluded.

• #2 Multiple Myeloma Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Survivorship Recommendations | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://dev-www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2020/multiple-myeloma-prevention-screening-treatment-and

  One of the biggest risk factors is age: most diagnoses are in people older than 60 years, and incidence is less than 2% in those younger than 40. […] Antivirals may be given for herpes prevention, particularly in those treated with a proteasome inhibitor or daratumumab. […] Venous thrombosis risk is increased, especially with therapies such lenalidomide and steroids, and prophylaxis is recommended.

• #2 Monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections in patients with MM receiving bispecific antibody therapy: consensus recommendations from an expert panel | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-023-00879-7

  Key recommendations include universal herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus prophylaxis, screening for hepatitis B virus reactivation risk in all patients, monthly intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for immunoparesis and in the absence of life-threatening infectious manifestations, use of colony-stimulating factors in patients with Grade 3 neutropenia, universal pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis and no routine anti-fungal prophylaxis. […] Currently, there are general guidelines and recommendations available for the management and prophylaxis of infections in patients with MM, as well as CAR T-cell guidelines for infection management. […] As BsAbs become a treatment option for MM, guidance on the diagnosis of infections, monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment is needed.

• #2 Infections and Myeloma: How To Lower Your Risk | MyMyelomaTeam

  https://www.mymyelomateam.com/resources/infections-and-myeloma-how-to-lower-your-risk

  People living with multiple myeloma (MM) are seven times more likely to develop an infection compared with the general population. […] You can help protect yourself or your loved one with myeloma by taking preventive measures to lower the risk of infection. […] Vaccination is one of the most successful medical interventions against infections. […] Vaccinations recommended for people with myeloma (and often their caregivers and family members) include: […] Talk to your oncology specialist about which vaccines you should receive and whether it is important to time them with myeloma treatment. […] In addition to vaccines, there are other treatments and preventive measures for managing infection risk with myeloma: […] For people with MM who have low antibody levels, intravenous immunoglobulin, made up of donor antibodies, can be administered regularly to increase these antibodies and help prevent infections.

• #2 Prevention and management of adverse events of novel agents in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-018-0040-1

  However, there is currently no robust evidence on the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis, especially in active uncontrolled disease as well as in lenalidomide maintenance therapy. […] Recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. […] Caregivers and patients should be aware of the increased risks inferred by immunosuppression and install appropriate prophylactic measures, if available. […] Patients should be vaccinated against several pathogens (Table 4). The most important are influenza virus, pneumococci, and haemophilus influenzae. […] Antiviral prophylaxis during the entire duration of treatment with any of the available PIs, but also during treatment with mAbs, is mandatory. […] Monitoring patients for severe skin reactions is recommended in patients receiving thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, or ixazomib.

• #2 IVIG Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma Cuts Infections, Boosts Survival | MDedge

  https://medauth2.mdedge.com/content/ivig-prophylaxis-multiple-myeloma-cuts-infections-boosts-survival

  IVIG prophylaxis also led to a higher rate of 2-year progression free survival in the prophylaxis vs nonprophylaxis group at 38% vs 32% as well as longer median progression-free survival at 15 months vs 8 months. […] However, median overall survival did remain significantly better in the IVIG prophylaxis than the nonprophylaxis group after multivariate analysis 44 months vs 16 months. […] The effects of IVIG prophylaxis were stronger for bacterial infections at earlier (30 days or sooner) vs later (31 days or later) time points, but timing of IVIG therapy did not appear to affect the incidence of viral infections. […] Rahul Banerjee, MD, who was not involved with the research, noted he has already started providing routine IVIG prophylaxis based on earlier research from this group. […] Moving to IVIG before the infections start makes much more sense.

• #2 Opportunistic infections in multiple myeloma part II: Prophylaxis and management

  https://multiplemyelomahub.com/medical-information/opportunistic-infections-in-multiple-myeloma-part-ii-prophylaxis-and-management

  After autologous and especially allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, patients are at a particularly high risk for infection therefore a broad range of vaccinations are recommended following transplant. […] Certain patient populations and treatments place patients at a higher risk of infection. These groups include newly diagnosed patients initiating therapy, those receiving immunosuppressive agents, and those who are severely immunosuppressed following transplant. Other special situations may include those at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19, and patients experiencing recurrent infections with a suboptimal response to antibiotics. […] Prior to initiating active treatment for MM, an infectious risk assessment should be performed to identify patients who could benefit from early intervention. When selecting prophylactic measures, performance status, past medical history, clinical risk factors and screening for infections should be considered. Vaccination history and risks for common infections such as COVID-19 should be examined on an individual basis. In addition to patients with MM, there may be consideration for vaccination and measures to reduce exposure to family and caregivers. Clear guidelines are lacking for the identification of patients with MM and high-risk for infections, for appropriate interventions, and further research is required to better inform prophylactic strategies.

• #3

  https://juniperpublishers.com/ctoij/CTOIJ.MS.ID.556091.php

  Multiple Myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of all hematologic cancers. […] A safe prophylaxis to reduce the risk of multiple myeloma, and a safe treatment to prevent or slow the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma, is urgently needed. […] A plant-based diet has the significant advantage of having no contraindications or adverse reactions. It deserves a place in the prevention and treatment of MM and MGUS. […] A plant-based diet, consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds, may lower the risk of multiple myeloma and may slow the progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Hence it deserves a place in the prevention and treatment of MM and MGUS. […] A plant-based diet can also be valuable in reducing the risk of developing multiple myeloma risk factors in the first place.

• #3 Multiple Myeloma

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/cancer/type/multiple-myeloma.html

  With multiple myeloma, there are no risk factors you can avoid to prevent the disease. There is no known way to prevent the disease in those with other plasma cell diseases.

• #3 Multiple Myeloma Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Survivorship Recommendations | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://dev-www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2020/multiple-myeloma-prevention-screening-treatment-and

  One of the biggest risk factors is age: most diagnoses are in people older than 60 years, and incidence is less than 2% in those younger than 40. […] Antivirals may be given for herpes prevention, particularly in those treated with a proteasome inhibitor or daratumumab. […] Venous thrombosis risk is increased, especially with therapies such lenalidomide and steroids, and prophylaxis is recommended.

• #3 Multiple myeloma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma

  The risk of multiple myeloma can be reduced slightly by maintaining a normal body weight. […] Increasingly, however, efforts are underway to study whether drug therapies applied during the smoldering stage might prevent the disease from ever advancing to the active stage. […] Oral prophylaxis, hygiene instruction, and elimination of sources of infection within the mouth before beginning cancer treatment can reduce the risk of infectious complications. Before starting bisphosphonate therapy, the person’s dental health should be evaluated to assess the risk factors to prevent the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

• #3

  https://www.americanoncology.com/cancer-we-treat/prevention/multiple-myeloma

  You can reduce the risk of multiple myeloma by: […] Getting screened regularly after the age of 50 […] Eating a well-balanced diet: Balanced diet may prevent the risk of multiple myeloma as many researchers found that fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of lung cancer, and calcium plays a crucial role in preventing colorectal cancer. […] Getting vaccinated against hepatitis B and C […] Practicing safer sex […] Physically active lifestyle: Daily physical activities like exercise and yoga play a crucial role. It strengthens the body’s immune system to fight abnormal cells and prevent the growth and development of multiple myeloma and other types of cancer. […] Maintaining a healthy BMR: Basal Metabolic rate acts as an indicator of overall body metabolism and may be a proxy for the impact of a specific metabolic profile on cancer risk. […] Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals

• #3 Optimizing Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for the Contemporary Age of Multiple Myeloma in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 1 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/20/1/article-p91.xml

  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major complication in all patients with cancer. Compared with the general population, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a 9-fold increase in VTE risk, likely because of their malignancy, its treatments, and other additional patient-related factors. […] Currently, official recommendations for VTE prophylaxis in MM outlined in various national guidelines or multidisciplinary society panels are based on expert opinion, because data from randomized controlled trials are scarce. […] Importantly, the most recent American Society of Hematology guidelines for the management of VTE in patients with cancer stressed the need for prospective RCTs that would assess the full spectrum of VTE risk factors, and the effect of various thromboprophylaxis agents and decision aids through validated risk models for VTE in MM.

• #3 Optimizing Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for the Contemporary Age of Multiple Myeloma in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 1 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/20/1/article-p91.xml

  This brief perspective highlights some of the greatest challenges that have hampered the field concerning the availability of high-quality clinical trial data for the formulation of best VTE prophylaxis strategies in patients with NDMM, as well as the rationale for the latest updates in the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) on this topic. […] Significant obstacles remain in providing optimal VTE prevention to patients with NDMM. The first, and potentially most important obstacle is that use of thromboprophylaxis is not routinely incorporated for all patients with MM. […] Finally, prospective validation of the SAVED and IMPEDE-VTE models is needed in order to determine the ideal thromboprophylaxis strategy based on baseline risk stratification and treatment regimen, ideally also incorporating biomarkers predictive of VTE risk.

• #3 Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma Patients

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/venous-thromboembolism-prophylaxis-in-multiple-myeloma-patients

  Evidence appears strongest for multiple myeloma patients who are receiving thalidomide- or lenalidomide-based combination regimens, particularly when thalidomide or lenalidomide is combined with dexamethasone or doxorubicin, or in the case of multiagent chemotherapy regimens. […] Multiple myeloma patients with one or no risk factors may be given aspirin 81 mg to 325 mg once daily. […] If two or more risk factors are present or if the patient is receiving angiogenesis agents in combination with high-dose dexamethasone, doxorubicin, or chemotherapy, clinicians should consider using LWMH (e.g., enoxaparin 40 mg daily) or full-dose warfarin (target INR 2-3). […] The NCCN guidelines specifically recommend enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for VTE prophylaxis in multiple myeloma patients taking antiangiogenesis agents. […] Pharmacists can assist with risk stratification and anticoagulant management.

• #3 Levofloxacin Prophylaxis: How Effective in Newly Diagnosed Myeloma? – Focus on Multiple Myeloma

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-centers/focus-multiple-myeloma/levofloxacin-prophylaxis-effective-newly-diagnosed-myeloma/2911

  According to the research team, “this is the first time that the use of prophylactic antibiotics has shown a survival benefit in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma.” […] As Prof. Drayson and his colleagues concluded from their TEAMM trial, “patients with newly diagnosed myeloma could benefit from levofloxacin prophylaxis, although local antibiotic resistance proportions must be considered.”

• #3 Infections and Myeloma: How To Lower Your Risk | MyMyelomaTeam

  https://www.mymyelomateam.com/resources/infections-and-myeloma-how-to-lower-your-risk

  People living with multiple myeloma (MM) are seven times more likely to develop an infection compared with the general population. […] You can help protect yourself or your loved one with myeloma by taking preventive measures to lower the risk of infection. […] Vaccination is one of the most successful medical interventions against infections. […] Vaccinations recommended for people with myeloma (and often their caregivers and family members) include: […] Talk to your oncology specialist about which vaccines you should receive and whether it is important to time them with myeloma treatment. […] In addition to vaccines, there are other treatments and preventive measures for managing infection risk with myeloma: […] For people with MM who have low antibody levels, intravenous immunoglobulin, made up of donor antibodies, can be administered regularly to increase these antibodies and help prevent infections.

• #4 Multiple Myeloma Risk Factors | Banner MD Anderson

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/risk-factors-and-prevention

  Currently, there are few avoidable risk factors related to multiple myeloma. However, there are some elements that might make you more likely to develop this disease. […] With few cases linked to risk factors, theres currently nothing that you can do to prevent multiple myeloma.

• #5 Multiple myeloma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-myeloma/symptoms-causes/syc-20353378

  There’s no way to prevent multiple myeloma. If you get multiple myeloma, you didn’t do anything to cause it.

Zobacz więcej