Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Flu vaccine and cancer treatment | Treatment for cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-drugs/flu-vaccine

  Cancer or its treatment can lower your resistance to infection and make you more likely to catch flu. The flu vaccination makes it less likely that you will catch flu. […] If you get flu and have low immunity, you are more likely to become very ill. For example, you could develop a complication such as a chest infection (pneumonia). […] The flu vaccination makes it less likely that you will catch flu. If you have had the vaccine and do get flu, there is a greater chance of a quicker recovery. […] Some cancer treatments lower immunity and lower your resistance to flu. […] Your GP or cancer specialist will usually recommend that you have the flu vaccine if one of these applies to you. […] Cancer specialists generally recommend that you should have the flu vaccine before you start any cancer treatment.

• #2 Who Needs a Flu Vaccine | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines/vaccinations.html

  Everyone 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine every season with rare exceptions. Vaccination is particularly important for people who are at higher risk of serious complications from influenza. […] Flu vaccination has important benefits. It can reduce flu illnesses, visits to doctor’s offices, and missed work and school due to flu, as well as make symptoms less severe and reduce flu-related hospitalizations and deaths in people who get vaccinated but still get sick. […] The most important thing is for all people 6 months and older to get a flu vaccine every year.

• #3 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. […] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. […] Influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection against immunized strains. The vaccination becomes effective 10-14 days after administration. Specific recommendations for individuals who should be immunized can be obtained from the CDC, which publishes regular updates of this information.

• #4 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Historically, influenza vaccine has had 50-60% efficacy against infection with influenza A viruses and 70% efficacy against influenza B viruses. […] The following are influenza vaccine recommendations by the ACIP: In the Northern Hemisphere, all persons aged 6 months or older should receive influenza vaccine annually, by the end of October, if possible. […] Vaccination may provide less protection against influenza in patients older than 65 years. The CDC recommends higher-dose and adjuvanted influenza vaccines (ie, Fluzone High-Dose, Flublok, and Fluad) for individuals aged 65 years and older. […] To improve the immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine in elderly adults, a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) was developed. […] The high-dose vaccine met superiority criteria for both strains of influenza A, and noninferiority criteria were met for influenza B strains.

• #5 Flu prevention and vaccine information | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/flu-prevention-and-vaccine-information

  Flu vaccination reduces the prevalence and severity of illness caused by flu, reducing symptoms that might be confused with those of COVID-19. […] Yes, a flu vaccine offers the best defense against getting the flu and spreading it to others. […] Flu vaccination has been found to reduce deaths in children. […] Find out where you can get a flu vaccine by visiting vaccines.gov/flu, or asking your health care provider, or going to a local pharmacy. […] Although the flu vaccine won’t prevent every case of the flu, getting an annual vaccination is the best way to reduce your risk of serious illness. […] While vaccine effectiveness can vary, studies show that flu vaccination reduces the risk of flu illness by between 40% and 60% among the overall population during seasons when most circulating flu viruses are well-matched to the flu vaccine. […] Different flu vaccines are approved for use in different groups of people. […] Yes, you can get a flu vaccine and a COVID-19 vaccine at the same time if you are eligible and the timing for each vaccine is right.

• #6 Flu shot side effects and how to manage them | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/flu-shot-side-effects-and-how-to-manage-them.h00-159701490.html

  Side effects after a flu shot can be uncomfortable, but do they mean you shouldnt get vaccinated? My answer is a resounding no. As a physician, I believe the flu vaccine is a key way to protect yourself and others from the flu and to help prevent severe illness and complications. The benefits of a flu shot outweigh the temporary discomfort of potential side effects. […] Yes. While some people may still get the flu after vaccination, their disease course is typically milder than if they didnt get vaccinated. Additionally, flu vaccinations reduce hospital stays, intensive care unit admissions and deaths caused by the flu virus. […] The benefits of a flu shot outweigh the temporary discomfort of side effects.

• #7 Vaccinations and Flu Shots | Vaccinations During Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html

  The flu shot is a vaccine that is given to reduce your risk of getting influenza (a viral infection often called „the flu”). In people with cancer and weakened immune systems, it’s important to prevent the flu because it can be serious and sometimes life-threatening. It is recommended that people with cancer get the flu shot that has an inactive (dead) flu virus every year. […] People with cancer should not get the nasal mist flu vaccine. […] COVID-19 vaccines are made of either messenger RNA (mRNA, a type of genetic material) or a protein from the virus that causes the disease. These vaccines do not contain live viruses, so they are safe for people with weakened immune systems. […] It’s also recommended that people who live with or care for a person at high risk for COVID-related problems get the vaccine. […] If you have a weak immune system from cancer or cancer treatment, talk to your doctor about chickenpox and shingles vaccine options and whether one of these vaccines might be right for you.

• #8 https://www.lls.org/treatment/vaccination-and-blood-cancer

  https://www.lls.org/treatment/flu-shots-and-immunizations

  The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends seasonal influenza (flu) shots for cancer patients and survivors and anyone who has contact with a cancer patient. Unless contraindicated by your oncologist, LLS encourages blood cancer patients and survivors to get their flu shot every year. […] Cancer patients and survivors should get the flu shot, not the nasal mist form of the flu vaccine. Shots are safe for people with compromised immune systems because they’re made from inactivated virus; the flu mist is made from a live but weakened virus. The ideal time to be vaccinated for seasonal flu is in the fall as soon as the shot becomes available, as it takes about two weeks for the vaccination to begin providing protection. Before you get the shot, let the person who is providing the vaccine know about any allergies you have and any previous reactions to a flu shot.

• #9 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vaccine.html

  The flu shot usually is given as an injection in the upper arm or thigh (depending on a person’s age). It contains killed flu virus and can’t cause someone to get the flu. […] The nasal spray flu vaccine contains weakened live flu viruses. So it may cause mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, or tiredness. […] Very rarely, the flu vaccine can cause a serious allergic reaction. […] Talk to your doctor about whether the vaccine is a good idea if your child has ever had a severe allergic reaction, or any allergic reaction to a previous flu vaccine. […] Health experts now say that the amount of egg protein in the vaccine is so tiny that it’s safe even for kids with a severe egg allergy. People with egg allergies can now get the flu vaccine just like everyone else. […] So it’s more important than ever to get a flu vaccine and an updated COVID-19 vaccine.

• #10 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Historically, influenza vaccine has had 50-60% efficacy against infection with influenza A viruses and 70% efficacy against influenza B viruses. […] The following are influenza vaccine recommendations by the ACIP: In the Northern Hemisphere, all persons aged 6 months or older should receive influenza vaccine annually, by the end of October, if possible. […] Vaccination may provide less protection against influenza in patients older than 65 years. The CDC recommends higher-dose and adjuvanted influenza vaccines (ie, Fluzone High-Dose, Flublok, and Fluad) for individuals aged 65 years and older. […] To improve the immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine in elderly adults, a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) was developed. […] The high-dose vaccine met superiority criteria for both strains of influenza A, and noninferiority criteria were met for influenza B strains.

• #11 Influenza vaccine – Immunisation Advisory Centre

  https://www.immune.org.nz/vaccine/influenza-vaccine

  Influenza immunisation will protect around 67 in 10 healthy children under 3 years of age, around 67 in 10 healthy children under 16 years of age, and 46 in 10 healthy adults from influenza. […] The influenza vaccines have a modest effect, around up to 60%, in preventing confirmed influenza in those aged 65 years and over living in the community and can reduce the number of older people needing to be hospitalised with influenza-related pneumonia and complications. […] Adjuvanted influenza vaccines are designed to enhance and prolong the immune response. Adjuvants, such as MF59, are added to a vaccine to boost the body’s immune response and improve the vaccine’s effectiveness, especially for those with compromised or weakened immune systems. […] Studies have found a modest improvement in vaccine effectiveness in those above 65 years for those who have received an adjuvanted influenza vaccine, compared with a standard influenza vaccine. […] Some studies have shown that cell-based influenza vaccines, such as Flucelvax, have been more effective at preventing illness or inducing an immune response in comparison to standard egg-based vaccines during certain seasons.

• #12 Influenza | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/prevention-wellness/immunizations-vaccines/disease-pop-immunization/influenza.html

  Routine annual influenza vaccination of all persons aged 6 months who do not have contraindications continues to be recommended. […] ACIP recommends that all persons aged 6 months with egg allergy should receive influenza vaccine. […] On the basis of review of evidence concerning high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), and MF59-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV), recommendations for influenza vaccination of persons aged 65 years have been modified. […] Higher dose vaccines include HD-IIV and RIV, both of which contain a higher dose of HA antigen per virus than standard-dose vaccines. […] Vaccination to prevent influenza is particularly important for persons who are at increased risk for severe illness and complications from influenza and for influenza-related outpatient, emergency department, or hospital visits.

• #13 Influenza vaccine – Immunisation Advisory Centre

  https://www.immune.org.nz/vaccine/influenza-vaccine

  Influenza immunisation will protect around 67 in 10 healthy children under 3 years of age, around 67 in 10 healthy children under 16 years of age, and 46 in 10 healthy adults from influenza. […] The influenza vaccines have a modest effect, around up to 60%, in preventing confirmed influenza in those aged 65 years and over living in the community and can reduce the number of older people needing to be hospitalised with influenza-related pneumonia and complications. […] Adjuvanted influenza vaccines are designed to enhance and prolong the immune response. Adjuvants, such as MF59, are added to a vaccine to boost the body’s immune response and improve the vaccine’s effectiveness, especially for those with compromised or weakened immune systems. […] Studies have found a modest improvement in vaccine effectiveness in those above 65 years for those who have received an adjuvanted influenza vaccine, compared with a standard influenza vaccine. […] Some studies have shown that cell-based influenza vaccines, such as Flucelvax, have been more effective at preventing illness or inducing an immune response in comparison to standard egg-based vaccines during certain seasons.

• #14 Flu shot: Your best bet for avoiding influenza

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/in-depth/flu-shots/art-20048000

  Getting a flu shot will often protect you from a serious case of the flu. And although the flu shot doesn’t always provide total protection, it’s worth getting. […] Getting a flu vaccine is the best way to prevent the flu and its complications for almost everyone. The flu vaccine can lower the risk of getting the flu. It also can lower the risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital or dying of the flu. […] Getting a yearly flu vaccine lowers the chances of having serious complications or dying of the flu. This is especially true for people who are at high risk of flu complications. […] Vaccines called high-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccines can help people have a stronger immune response against influenza. People over age 65 can get these vaccines. These vaccines also are recommended for people age 18 and older who have a solid organ transplant and take medicine to weaken their immune response. […] The flu vaccine is your best defense against the flu. […] For almost everyone, a flu vaccine can lower the risk of the flu and its complications.

• #15 Influenza | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/prevention-wellness/immunizations-vaccines/disease-pop-immunization/influenza.html

  The influenza vaccine recommendations change every year. AAFP recommends offering annual flu shots to patients 6 months and older who don’t have contraindications for the immunization. […] AAFP recommends that patients aged 65 years and older, with no preferentially recommendation for a specific vaccine when more than one licensed and recommended vaccine is available, receive any one of the following higher doses or adjuvanted influenza vaccines: trivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3), trivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV3), or trivalent adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV3). […] To protect your patients from severe illness and health complications, promote the influenza vaccination as soon as it’s available each year and provide the vaccine throughout the flu season (i.e., as long as influenza viruses are circulating in the community).

• #16 Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccination for Adult patients undergoing treatment for Cancer – Milton Keynes University Hospital

  https://www.mkuh.nhs.uk/patient-information-leaflet/influenza-and-pneumonia-vaccination-for-adult-patients-undergoing-treatment-for-cancer

  The flu vaccine is aimed at protecting people who are most at risk from catching or spreading flu. […] Yes. The Department of Health and Cancer Research UK recommend vaccination for people who are immunosuppressed because of disease or treatment. It is especially important this year, during the COVID-19 pandemic to have a flu vaccine. […] If you are having, or have recently finished, cancer treatment you should ask about the vaccine. […] If you are due to start treatment and have not already had the flu vaccine you should have it at least 2 weeks before you begin treatment. […] If this is not possible, vaccinating between courses of chemotherapy / immunotherapy is safe and effective. […] For it to be effective it should be given just before your next cycle of chemotherapy /immunotherapy or within a couple of days afterwards.

• #17 Flu vaccine and cancer treatment | Treatment for cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-drugs/flu-vaccine

  Cancer or its treatment can lower your resistance to infection and make you more likely to catch flu. The flu vaccination makes it less likely that you will catch flu. […] If you get flu and have low immunity, you are more likely to become very ill. For example, you could develop a complication such as a chest infection (pneumonia). […] The flu vaccination makes it less likely that you will catch flu. If you have had the vaccine and do get flu, there is a greater chance of a quicker recovery. […] Some cancer treatments lower immunity and lower your resistance to flu. […] Your GP or cancer specialist will usually recommend that you have the flu vaccine if one of these applies to you. […] Cancer specialists generally recommend that you should have the flu vaccine before you start any cancer treatment.

• #18 Flu vaccine and cancer treatment | Treatment for cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-drugs/flu-vaccine

  For many cancer types, your specialist may advise you to have the vaccine during treatment if you haven’t had one. […] The vaccine might not give you as much protection as it would a person whose immunity is not low. But it is still important for most people to have it. […] The flu vaccination is free to people at increased risk of catching flu. This includes people with low immunity due to disease or treatment, such as cancer treatment. […] The flu vaccine injection doesn’t contain live flu virus, so you won’t develop flu from having it. It is safe to have it while you are having cancer treatment. […] Your doctor may suggest that your child doesn’t have the nasal spray if they have a very weakened immune system. […] The vaccine doesn’t usually cause many side effects.

• #19 Vaccinations and Flu Shots | Vaccinations During Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html

  The flu shot is a vaccine that is given to reduce your risk of getting influenza (a viral infection often called „the flu”). In people with cancer and weakened immune systems, it’s important to prevent the flu because it can be serious and sometimes life-threatening. It is recommended that people with cancer get the flu shot that has an inactive (dead) flu virus every year. […] People with cancer should not get the nasal mist flu vaccine. […] COVID-19 vaccines are made of either messenger RNA (mRNA, a type of genetic material) or a protein from the virus that causes the disease. These vaccines do not contain live viruses, so they are safe for people with weakened immune systems. […] It’s also recommended that people who live with or care for a person at high risk for COVID-related problems get the vaccine. […] If you have a weak immune system from cancer or cancer treatment, talk to your doctor about chickenpox and shingles vaccine options and whether one of these vaccines might be right for you.

• #20 Physician FAQ: Influenza | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/programs/immunization-for-women/physician-tools/influenza-faqs-for-providers

  Yes. Influenza vaccination is an essential element of prenatal care because influenza can lead to serious illness, including a higher chance of developing pneumonia, when it occurs either in the antepartum or postpartum period. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that all adults receive an annual influenza vaccine and that all women who are or will be pregnant during influenza season receive any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate, inactivated influenza vaccine during any trimester, as soon as it is available. […] Multiple studies indicate that during pregnancy, women are at increased risk of serious medical complications from influenza. […] Vaccination in the postpartum period is an alternative only when vaccination during pregnancy cannot be completed. It is safe for breastfeeding women to receive the flu vaccine.

• #21 Influenza (flu) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/flu-influenza-immunisation

  The flu vaccine is strongly recommended in each pregnancy and is safe for pregnant women to receive at any time during pregnancy. […] The flu vaccine can be safely given at the same time as the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine (between 20 and 32 weeks) and/ or COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. […] There are some people who are recommended to have a second dose of the flu vaccine within the space of one year. […] Yes. The flu vaccine can be co-administered (that is, given on the same day, one after the other) with other vaccines. […] Common side effects of the flu vaccine include: drowsiness or tiredness, muscle aches, localized pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks but needs no treatment, low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first 2 days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] If any other reactions are severe and persistent, or if you are worried, contact your doctor for further information.

• #22 Physician FAQ: Influenza | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/programs/immunization-for-women/physician-tools/influenza-faqs-for-providers

  Yes. Numerous studies, including clinical trials and observational studies, and data from safety reporting systems have consistently demonstrated the safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. […] Pregnant women should be counseled that because of the lack of evidence of biological plausibility, several notable flaws in this study, and the preponderance of other data showing no association of influenza vaccination and miscarriage, the recommendation for flu vaccine given in any trimester has not changed. […] All women who are or will be pregnant during influenza season should receive an inactivated influenza vaccine as soon as it is available. […] The inactivated influenza vaccine can be given to all women during any trimester. […] Pregnant women should receive any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate inactivated influenza vaccine, given as an intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle.

• #23 Physician FAQ: Influenza | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/programs/immunization-for-women/physician-tools/influenza-faqs-for-providers

  Egg allergy, including hives, is no longer a contraindication to receipt of the influenza vaccine. […] Patients with flu-like illness should be treated with antiviral medications presumptively regardless of vaccination status. Treatment with oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily for 5 days) is preferred, however if oseltamivir is unavailable zanamivir (two inhalations [10 mg] twice daily for 5 days) may be substituted. […] Yes. Because of the high potential for morbidity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that postexposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis (75 mg of oseltamivir once daily for 10 days) be considered for pregnant women and women who are up to 2 weeks postpartum (which includes pregnancy loss) who have had close contact with someone likely to have been infected with influenza.

• #24 https://www.lls.org/treatment/vaccination-and-blood-cancer

  https://www.lls.org/treatment/flu-shots-and-immunizations

  Flu shots are recommended for bone marrow, stem cell, and cord blood transplant survivors. Patients should talk to their doctor about timing. The flu shot is also recommended for others living or working in the household. […] After transplantation, patients lose the protection from the vaccines that they received as children. All transplant patients need to receive childhood vaccines again once their immune systems have recovered. Autologous transplant recipients typically receive inactivated vaccines starting 6 months after transplant and live vaccines 24 months after transplant. For patients who have undergone allogeneic transplants, doctors may wait until 12 months after transplantation to start vaccinating patients, or until patients are off immunosuppressive therapy. Patients should follow their transplant doctors recommended schedule for vaccinations. […] Your vaccine schedule depends on several factors, including the treatment you’re receiving and whether you’re in remission. For example, people with blood cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy should avoid getting live vaccines but can receive inactivated vaccines.

• #25 https://www.lls.org/treatment/vaccination-and-blood-cancer

  https://www.lls.org/treatment/flu-shots-and-immunizations

  Flu shots are recommended for bone marrow, stem cell, and cord blood transplant survivors. Patients should talk to their doctor about timing. The flu shot is also recommended for others living or working in the household. […] After transplantation, patients lose the protection from the vaccines that they received as children. All transplant patients need to receive childhood vaccines again once their immune systems have recovered. Autologous transplant recipients typically receive inactivated vaccines starting 6 months after transplant and live vaccines 24 months after transplant. For patients who have undergone allogeneic transplants, doctors may wait until 12 months after transplantation to start vaccinating patients, or until patients are off immunosuppressive therapy. Patients should follow their transplant doctors recommended schedule for vaccinations. […] Your vaccine schedule depends on several factors, including the treatment you’re receiving and whether you’re in remission. For example, people with blood cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy should avoid getting live vaccines but can receive inactivated vaccines.

• #26 Arthritis Patients: Get Your Flu Shots

  https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/treatment-plan/disease-management/arthritis-patients-get-your-flu-shots

  Arthritis Patients: Get Your Flu Shots […] But just as important is getting vaccinated for influenza (the flu) and making sure your pneumococcal vaccine is up to date especially for people with inflammatory forms of arthritis who take immune-suppressing medications. […] Getting a flu shot is particularly important for patients with rheumatic diseases, says rheumatologist Leonard Calabrese, DO, who heads Cleveland Clinics Clinical Immunology section and manages its Clinical Immunology Clinic. […] The flu vaccine has been demonstrated year in and out to help protect from those complications. […] Vaccination is not bulletproof protection against influenza; but even if you get the flu, having the shot will reduce its effects and shorten its duration. […] A flu shot will not give you the flu or increase your risk of a flare, says Elaine Husni, MD, PhD, director of the Arthritis Musculoskeletal Treatment Center at Cleveland Clinic.

• #27 Arthritis Patients: Get Your Flu Shots

  https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/treatment-plan/disease-management/arthritis-patients-get-your-flu-shots

  The non-live vaccines like the flu and pneumonia shot are very needed and necessary for patients who are immunocompromised because they are more susceptible to flu and pneumonia, says Dr. Husni. […] As with the flu vaccine, this vaccine series reduces the likelihood of getting pneumococcal pneumonia and the severity if you do contract it. […] Flu vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines can be given at the same time. […] Some medications, including the biologic rituximab and methotrexate, can reduce the flu vaccines effectiveness, Dr. Calabrese says. […] So even after you get your flu and pneumococcal vaccinations, its important to continue taking measures to protect yourself and other people, including washing your hands frequently, keeping distance between yourself and others and wearing a mask.

• #28 Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9412390/

  The potential increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) post-influenza vaccine is a concern in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). […] Current evidence suggests that influenza vaccination is safe in patients receiving ICIs, does not increase the risk of irAEs, and may improve survival. […] Vaccination against influenza is safe, reduces mortality and improves infection-related outcomes among adults with cancer. […] The risk-benefit ratio of influenza vaccination in ICI-treated cancer patients is controversial. […] However, despite this controversy, influenza vaccination during ICI treatment is generally considered safe by most providers. […] Our meta-analysis found seroprotection and seroconversion rates similar to those observed in a low-risk target population. […] These encouraging results indicate that influenza vaccination is relatively safe for patients and does not interfere with ICI treatment. […] In conclusion, the described findings provide encouraging evidence that influenza vaccination is safe in patients receiving ICI.

• #29 Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9412390/

  The potential increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) post-influenza vaccine is a concern in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). […] Current evidence suggests that influenza vaccination is safe in patients receiving ICIs, does not increase the risk of irAEs, and may improve survival. […] Vaccination against influenza is safe, reduces mortality and improves infection-related outcomes among adults with cancer. […] The risk-benefit ratio of influenza vaccination in ICI-treated cancer patients is controversial. […] However, despite this controversy, influenza vaccination during ICI treatment is generally considered safe by most providers. […] Our meta-analysis found seroprotection and seroconversion rates similar to those observed in a low-risk target population. […] These encouraging results indicate that influenza vaccination is relatively safe for patients and does not interfere with ICI treatment. […] In conclusion, the described findings provide encouraging evidence that influenza vaccination is safe in patients receiving ICI.

• #30 Influenza (flu) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351725

  Mayo Clinic offers flu shots in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota. […] If you have a severe infection or are at high risk of complications from a flu infection, your healthcare professional may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza) and zanamivir (Relenza). […] These medicines may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. […] Antiviral medicine may cause side effects. The side effects often are listed on the prescription information. In general, antiviral medicine side effects may include breathing symptoms, nausea, vomiting or loose stools called diarrhea.

• #31 Seasonal Flu – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/flu-seasonal.page

  Annual vaccination is the best way to protect against the flu. […] Flu vaccines are safe and the best way to protect yourself against getting sick. Getting a flu vaccine reduces your risk of getting the flu and reduces your risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death if you do get it. […] Most people recover from the flu on their own, but treatment with antiviral medicine is available for people at increased risk of severe illness and complications from flu. If you have flu, contact your provider right away to see if you should get treatment, as treatment works better the sooner it begins.

• #32 Influenza Medication: Antivirals, Influenza, Vaccines, Inactivated, Viral, Vaccines, Live, Viral, Uricosuric Agents, H1N1 Vaccines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-medication

  The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity and to prevent complications. Agents include vaccines and antiviral drugs. […] The antiviral drugs indicated for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza are the neuraminidase inhibitors (ie, oseltamivir and zanamivir) and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, baloxavir marboxil (treatment only). Neuraminidase inhibitors act directly on the viral proteins, decreasing the virulence of infection. Baloxavir marboxil inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, which leads to inhibition of viral replication. […] Oseltamivir is effective for the treatment of influenza A or B. It must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. The sooner it is taken after symptom onset, the better the effect. Oseltamivir reduces the length of illness by an average of 1.5 days. (In a subgroup of high-risk patients, illness was reduced by 2.5 days.) It also reduces the severity of symptoms.

• #33 Influenza Medication: Antivirals, Influenza, Vaccines, Inactivated, Viral, Vaccines, Live, Viral, Uricosuric Agents, H1N1 Vaccines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-medication

  Zanamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, an enzyme that breaks the bond between newly produced virions and the host cell membrane. […] Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is metabolized to baloxavir. It inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an enzyme specific to influenza, resulting in inhibition of viral replication. It is indicated as a single, oral, weight-based dose for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 5 years and older who have been symptomatic for less than 48 hours. […] Peramivir elicits antiviral activity by inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases viral particles from the plasma membrane of infected cells. It is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 6 months and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days.

• #34 Influenza Medication: Antivirals, Influenza, Vaccines, Inactivated, Viral, Vaccines, Live, Viral, Uricosuric Agents, H1N1 Vaccines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-medication

  Zanamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, an enzyme that breaks the bond between newly produced virions and the host cell membrane. […] Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is metabolized to baloxavir. It inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an enzyme specific to influenza, resulting in inhibition of viral replication. It is indicated as a single, oral, weight-based dose for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 5 years and older who have been symptomatic for less than 48 hours. […] Peramivir elicits antiviral activity by inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases viral particles from the plasma membrane of infected cells. It is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 6 months and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days.

• #35 Influenza Medication: Antivirals, Influenza, Vaccines, Inactivated, Viral, Vaccines, Live, Viral, Uricosuric Agents, H1N1 Vaccines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-medication

  Zanamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, an enzyme that breaks the bond between newly produced virions and the host cell membrane. […] Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is metabolized to baloxavir. It inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, an enzyme specific to influenza, resulting in inhibition of viral replication. It is indicated as a single, oral, weight-based dose for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 5 years and older who have been symptomatic for less than 48 hours. […] Peramivir elicits antiviral activity by inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases viral particles from the plasma membrane of infected cells. It is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 6 months and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days.

• #36 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Antiviral treatment is recommended as soon as possible for outpatients with confirmed or suspected influenza who are at higher risk for influenza complications on the basis of their age or underlying medical conditions; clinical judgment should be an important component of outpatient treatment decisions. […] Currently recommended antiviral medications include oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. […] Oseltamivir may be used for treatment or chemoprophylaxis of influenza among infants younger than 1 year, when indicated.

• #37 Influenza Vaccinations

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/phd/idb/imp/fluv/

  Statewide Public Health Offices are still offering Influenza vaccine for children and adults. Contact your local office to schedule an appointment. […] A flu vaccine is still the best way to prevent influenza, and antiviral drugs are a very important second line of defense to treat the flu if you get sick. […] There are medications called antiviral drugs that treat flu. […] Antiviral drugs fight against the flu in your body and you can only get them if you have a prescription from a healthcare provider. […] If you have a high risk condition or are in a high risk group and you get flu symptoms, see a healthcare provider as soon as possible because antiviral drugs can prevent serious flu complications, like pneumonia and death. […] Treatment with an antiviral drug can mean the difference between having milder illness instead of very serious illness that could result in a hospital stay. […] Studies show that flu antiviral drugs work best when they are started early, within 2 days of getting sick if possible.

• #38 Influenza (flu) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/flu-influenza-immunisation

  The flu vaccine is strongly recommended in each pregnancy and is safe for pregnant women to receive at any time during pregnancy. […] The flu vaccine can be safely given at the same time as the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine (between 20 and 32 weeks) and/ or COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. […] There are some people who are recommended to have a second dose of the flu vaccine within the space of one year. […] Yes. The flu vaccine can be co-administered (that is, given on the same day, one after the other) with other vaccines. […] Common side effects of the flu vaccine include: drowsiness or tiredness, muscle aches, localized pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks but needs no treatment, low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first 2 days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] If any other reactions are severe and persistent, or if you are worried, contact your doctor for further information.

• #39 How to treat flu shot side effects | UPMC MyHealth Matters

  https://www.upmcmyhealthmatters.com/how-to-treat-flu-shot-side-effects/

  Flu season typically runs from September through February. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourages everyone 6 months and older (with rare exceptions) to get an annual flu vaccine, ideally by the end of October. […] Getting a flu shot helps to protect you and others from sickness and flu-related deaths. It prevents most people from catching the flu, but some people still get sick. People who get a flu shot and still catch the flu usually experience milder symptoms. […] The flu vaccine is the first and best way to reduce your chances of getting the flu and spreading it to others. Studies show that by receiving an annual flu shot, you may be up to 60 percent less likely to need treatment for the flu. […] The CDC lists these common side effects of the flu shot: Arm pain, soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot, Headache, Fever, Nausea, Muscle aches.

• #40 Flu shots 101: How they work, potential side effects and more | University Health Center | Nebraska

  https://health.unl.edu/flu-shots-101-how-they-work-potential-side-effects-and-more/

  Flu season is around the corner. The best way to protect yourself and others from getting sick is by getting your annual flu vaccine, which is now available at the University Health Center. […] Therefore, the University Health Center recommends getting vaccinated to protect yourself and our Husker community. […] Receiving the vaccine reduces your chance of getting the flu, the severity of symptoms, and the risk of spreading the virus to others. […] The vaccine contains elements of the dead influenza virus so the immune system can respond to those specific proteins to make antibodies. […] You cannot get the flu from the flu shot, but you may experience mild side effects. […] Common side effects include: General fatigue, Injection site pain, Occasionally, a low-grade fever. […] Patients with a suppressed immune system should consult their doctor to discuss their best options. […] If you get sick with the flu (even if you’ve been vaccinated), call your doctor within 24 to 48 hours. Tamiflu is still available as a treatment option and must start within the first few days of symptoms.

• #41 Influenza (flu) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/flu-influenza-immunisation

  The flu vaccine is strongly recommended in each pregnancy and is safe for pregnant women to receive at any time during pregnancy. […] The flu vaccine can be safely given at the same time as the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine (between 20 and 32 weeks) and/ or COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. […] There are some people who are recommended to have a second dose of the flu vaccine within the space of one year. […] Yes. The flu vaccine can be co-administered (that is, given on the same day, one after the other) with other vaccines. […] Common side effects of the flu vaccine include: drowsiness or tiredness, muscle aches, localized pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks but needs no treatment, low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first 2 days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] If any other reactions are severe and persistent, or if you are worried, contact your doctor for further information.

• #42 Influenza (flu) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/flu-influenza-immunisation

  The flu vaccine is strongly recommended in each pregnancy and is safe for pregnant women to receive at any time during pregnancy. […] The flu vaccine can be safely given at the same time as the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine (between 20 and 32 weeks) and/ or COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. […] There are some people who are recommended to have a second dose of the flu vaccine within the space of one year. […] Yes. The flu vaccine can be co-administered (that is, given on the same day, one after the other) with other vaccines. […] Common side effects of the flu vaccine include: drowsiness or tiredness, muscle aches, localized pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks but needs no treatment, low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first 2 days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] If any other reactions are severe and persistent, or if you are worried, contact your doctor for further information.

• #43 Your guide to influenza and the flu vaccine

  https://www.discovery.co.za/corporate/health-your-guide-to-influenza-and-the-flu-vaccine

  „Flu vaccines are safe and well tolerated. In some people, they might cause pain or redness and swelling at the injection site, or a headache, fever, or muscle or joint aches. These clear up within a day or so and are just a sign that your immune system has been stimulated.” […] In very rare cases (one in a million), people might have a bad allergic reaction to a flu vaccine, chat to your doctor if you want more information before being vaccinated.

• #44 How to treat flu shot side effects | UPMC MyHealth Matters

  https://www.upmcmyhealthmatters.com/how-to-treat-flu-shot-side-effects/

  When you get a flu shot, you might be in for some discomfort, but there are steps you can take before and after the shot to limit the pain. […] After the shot, take acetaminophen or ibuprofen if pain develops in the days after you get the shot. […] You also can talk to your doctor if you need help managing side effects.

• #45 Five Ways to Reduce Flu Shot SorenessBack ButtonFilter Button

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/news/five-ways-to-reduce-flu-shot-soreness-1759232

  As a physician, I know one of the reasons some people skip the flu shot is because of the arm soreness that can linger for a few days after the injection. But getting the flu vaccine this year is important, and a little bit of soreness for a couple of days is much easier to tolerate than a case of the flu. […] The flu shot is highly effective in reducing the risk of flu, and even if you do get the virus, symptoms tend to be less severe and shorter in duration as compared with those who did not get vaccinated. […] Getting a flu shot should be a priority this season because it protects you, your loved ones, and helps keep our communities safe and healthy. […] Arm soreness in the hours and days following the injection is a normal response. It doesn’t mean there’s a problem or that the injection was given in the wrong spot. Soreness is actually a good sign that your immune system is getting hard at work, making antibodies to protect against the virus. […] So protect yourselves and your loved ones: Schedule your flu shot! […] Get the flu vaccine! You can easily book a vaccine appointment on kp.org or the KP app. You can also call 1-800-777-7904 (TTY 711).

• #46 How to Relieve a Flu Shot’s Side Effects

  https://www.vaccineinjuryteam.com/how-to-relieve-a-flu-shots-side-effects/

  Other vaccine injuries are possible, and you may suffer these reactions if a medical provider administers the vaccine incorrectly. […] If you experience mild side effects, try at-home remedies. However, you should get medical attention immediately if you suffer severe vaccine side effects. […] Different treatment options are available if you suffer a severe flu shot injury. The proper treatment will vary depending on your injury and its severity. Treatment options for Guillain-Barre Syndrome include medications, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and palms exchange. […] To treat SIRVA, you may require physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, orthopedic treatment, or surgery. […] Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction. It is vital to move quickly to treat this reaction. One treatment for this is an epinephrine injection.

• #47 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/flu-shot-medication-interaction/

  Getting a flu vaccine is an annual rite of passage for some 70 percent of Americans over age 65. What most flu vaccine recipients do not know is that there are several medications that can decrease the effectiveness of the flu vaccine. […] It is important to share what medications or treatments you are getting with your physician and pharmacist. Given the risk of death or serious complications with the flu, your physician or pharmacist can help you weigh the risk of delaying treatment with medication that could hamper your immune response versus getting the vaccine while taking such medication. […] Here are five types of medications that can diminish the protection offered by the flu vaccine. […] A Mayo Clinic study analyzing more than 15,000 patients, who received steroid shots for pain in hips, knees, shoulders or other joints, found that those who got the injections a few weeks prior to the flu vaccine, experienced a reduction in vaccine effectiveness.

• #48 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2024/flu-shot-medication-interaction.html

  When suppressed, your immune system does not effectively recognize the inactive flu virus introduced by the vaccine. […] Steroids can further weaken your ability to launch a strong immune response to protect yourself if you are exposed to the flu later. […] Prednisone, combined with medications like cyclosporine, also suppresses the immune system after organ transplantation to prevent rejection. […] At doses of 20 mg per day for two weeks or more, prednisone can decrease your body’s ability to form antibodies, weakening your immune response to the flu vaccine. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, taken before or after a flu vaccination, may also decrease your response to the vaccine. […] The American Cancer Society confirms that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can diminish your response to the flu vaccine, and encourages consultation with your physician regarding the best time to be vaccinated. […] Pepin recommends consulting your physician to determine at what point in your therapy you should get the flu vaccine, keeping in mind that settling for limited protection may be better than delaying your vaccine.

• #49 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2024/flu-shot-medication-interaction.html

  When suppressed, your immune system does not effectively recognize the inactive flu virus introduced by the vaccine. […] Steroids can further weaken your ability to launch a strong immune response to protect yourself if you are exposed to the flu later. […] Prednisone, combined with medications like cyclosporine, also suppresses the immune system after organ transplantation to prevent rejection. […] At doses of 20 mg per day for two weeks or more, prednisone can decrease your body’s ability to form antibodies, weakening your immune response to the flu vaccine. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, taken before or after a flu vaccination, may also decrease your response to the vaccine. […] The American Cancer Society confirms that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can diminish your response to the flu vaccine, and encourages consultation with your physician regarding the best time to be vaccinated. […] Pepin recommends consulting your physician to determine at what point in your therapy you should get the flu vaccine, keeping in mind that settling for limited protection may be better than delaying your vaccine.

• #50 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2024/flu-shot-medication-interaction.html

  When suppressed, your immune system does not effectively recognize the inactive flu virus introduced by the vaccine. […] Steroids can further weaken your ability to launch a strong immune response to protect yourself if you are exposed to the flu later. […] Prednisone, combined with medications like cyclosporine, also suppresses the immune system after organ transplantation to prevent rejection. […] At doses of 20 mg per day for two weeks or more, prednisone can decrease your body’s ability to form antibodies, weakening your immune response to the flu vaccine. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, taken before or after a flu vaccination, may also decrease your response to the vaccine. […] The American Cancer Society confirms that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can diminish your response to the flu vaccine, and encourages consultation with your physician regarding the best time to be vaccinated. […] Pepin recommends consulting your physician to determine at what point in your therapy you should get the flu vaccine, keeping in mind that settling for limited protection may be better than delaying your vaccine.

• #51 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/flu-shot-medication-interaction/

  When suppressed, your immune system does not effectively recognize the inactive flu virus introduced by the vaccine. Then your immune system could fail to launch a strong attack on the live virus if you are exposed later. […] Raoofi adds that as you age, your body produces fewer and weaker immune cells that cannot remember the virus you were vaccinated against. Steroids can further weaken your ability to launch a strong immune response to protect yourself if you are exposed to the flu later. […] The American Cancer Society confirms that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can diminish your response to the flu vaccine, and encourages consultation with your physician regarding the best time to be vaccinated. […] Pepin recommends consulting your physician to determine at what point in your therapy you should get the flu vaccine, keeping in mind that settling for limited protection may be better than delaying your vaccine.

• #52 What Medications Should Not Be Taken With a Flu Shot?

  https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2024/flu-shot-medication-interaction.html

  When suppressed, your immune system does not effectively recognize the inactive flu virus introduced by the vaccine. […] Steroids can further weaken your ability to launch a strong immune response to protect yourself if you are exposed to the flu later. […] Prednisone, combined with medications like cyclosporine, also suppresses the immune system after organ transplantation to prevent rejection. […] At doses of 20 mg per day for two weeks or more, prednisone can decrease your body’s ability to form antibodies, weakening your immune response to the flu vaccine. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, taken before or after a flu vaccination, may also decrease your response to the vaccine. […] The American Cancer Society confirms that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can diminish your response to the flu vaccine, and encourages consultation with your physician regarding the best time to be vaccinated. […] Pepin recommends consulting your physician to determine at what point in your therapy you should get the flu vaccine, keeping in mind that settling for limited protection may be better than delaying your vaccine.

• #53 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  A key focus of NIAIDs influenza research program is developing a universal flu vaccine, or a vaccine that provides robust, long-lasting protection against multiple subtypes of flu, rather than a select few. […] Seasonal flu vaccines fight infection by inducing antibodies that target the HA head. […] However, scientists discovered the stem typically remains unchanged, making it an ideal target for antibodies induced by a universal flu vaccine. […] NIAID is studying various strategies to create a vaccine that elicits antibodies targeting the HA stem. […] In another approach to a universal flu vaccine, NIAID scientists developed a vaccine incorporating four subtypes of the H protein into one vaccine. […] NIAID Vaccine Research Center scientists have initiated Phase 1/2 studies of a universal flu vaccine strategy that includes an investigational DNA-based vaccine (called a DNA prime) followed by a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine (boost) to improve the potency and durability of seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #54 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  A key focus of NIAIDs influenza research program is developing a universal flu vaccine, or a vaccine that provides robust, long-lasting protection against multiple subtypes of flu, rather than a select few. […] Seasonal flu vaccines fight infection by inducing antibodies that target the HA head. […] However, scientists discovered the stem typically remains unchanged, making it an ideal target for antibodies induced by a universal flu vaccine. […] NIAID is studying various strategies to create a vaccine that elicits antibodies targeting the HA stem. […] In another approach to a universal flu vaccine, NIAID scientists developed a vaccine incorporating four subtypes of the H protein into one vaccine. […] NIAID Vaccine Research Center scientists have initiated Phase 1/2 studies of a universal flu vaccine strategy that includes an investigational DNA-based vaccine (called a DNA prime) followed by a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine (boost) to improve the potency and durability of seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #55 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  A key focus of NIAIDs influenza research program is developing a universal flu vaccine, or a vaccine that provides robust, long-lasting protection against multiple subtypes of flu, rather than a select few. […] Seasonal flu vaccines fight infection by inducing antibodies that target the HA head. […] However, scientists discovered the stem typically remains unchanged, making it an ideal target for antibodies induced by a universal flu vaccine. […] NIAID is studying various strategies to create a vaccine that elicits antibodies targeting the HA stem. […] In another approach to a universal flu vaccine, NIAID scientists developed a vaccine incorporating four subtypes of the H protein into one vaccine. […] NIAID Vaccine Research Center scientists have initiated Phase 1/2 studies of a universal flu vaccine strategy that includes an investigational DNA-based vaccine (called a DNA prime) followed by a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine (boost) to improve the potency and durability of seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #56 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  A key focus of NIAIDs influenza research program is developing a universal flu vaccine, or a vaccine that provides robust, long-lasting protection against multiple subtypes of flu, rather than a select few. […] Seasonal flu vaccines fight infection by inducing antibodies that target the HA head. […] However, scientists discovered the stem typically remains unchanged, making it an ideal target for antibodies induced by a universal flu vaccine. […] NIAID is studying various strategies to create a vaccine that elicits antibodies targeting the HA stem. […] In another approach to a universal flu vaccine, NIAID scientists developed a vaccine incorporating four subtypes of the H protein into one vaccine. […] NIAID Vaccine Research Center scientists have initiated Phase 1/2 studies of a universal flu vaccine strategy that includes an investigational DNA-based vaccine (called a DNA prime) followed by a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine (boost) to improve the potency and durability of seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #57 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  In May 2018, NIAID launched a Phase 2 clinical trial of a universal influenza vaccine called M-001. […] Developing a universal influenza vaccine is a significant priority for NIAID scientists. […] A first-in-human, Phase 1 trial assessing the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational nanoparticle influenza vaccine designed to provide long-lasting protection against multiple flu virus strains has begun at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. […] Scientists at NIAIDs Vaccine Research Center and their NIAID-supported colleagues at the University of Washington School of Medicine used tiny nanoparticles to make a huge leap towards the goal of a universal flu vaccine.

• #58 Influenza and gene therapy researchers team up to create more effective flu vaccine | St. Jude Research

  https://www.stjude.org/research/progress/2024/influenza-and-gene-therapy-researchers-team-up-to-create-more-effective-flu-vaccine.html

  St. Jude is part of the international effort to develop new and improved flu vaccines to combat the breadth of circulating flu viruses and stave off another global pandemic. […] In a study published recently in the Journal of Virology, scientists unveiled a promising new approach to the flu vaccine. A single dose of the novel vaccine produced a broad long-lasting immune response in a pre-clinical model. In that model, the new vaccine outperformed currently available options. […] The students aimed to improve upon a previous recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-based influenza vaccine by combining a flu-specific computationally optimized broadly reactive antibody (COBRA) with the rAAV platform. […] By introducing the immune system to diverse epitopes, we can stimulate a broad breadth of antibody responses that can both neutralize and protect against infection and disease, said Wiggins.

• #59 Influenza and gene therapy researchers team up to create more effective flu vaccine | St. Jude Research

  https://www.stjude.org/research/progress/2024/influenza-and-gene-therapy-researchers-team-up-to-create-more-effective-flu-vaccine.html

  The rAAV-COBRA vaccine also protected ferrets with prior influenza exposure from illness after exposure to a new flu virus. […] The COBRA aspect of the vaccine provided unprecedented breadth against many flu strains, but it was the rAAV vector platform that likely provided the robust and long-lasting immune response. […] AAV allows for long-term gene expression in target cells, which is why it is used in gene therapy. […] The researchers also showed that the AAV vaccine platforms long-term antigen expression and CpG enrichment are potent activators of a robust helper T cell response. These important immune cells are crucial to a successful, long-lasting vaccine memory response. […] Out-of-the-box approaches like the rAAV-COBRA vaccine may lead to better or even replace seasonal flu vaccines.

• #60 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. […] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. […] Influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection against immunized strains. The vaccination becomes effective 10-14 days after administration. Specific recommendations for individuals who should be immunized can be obtained from the CDC, which publishes regular updates of this information.

• #61 Get your annual flu shot | Services | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/services/mental-physical-health/get-vaccinated/get-your-annual-flu-shot/

  Get your annual flu shot. […] Flu vaccination has important benefits. It can reduce flu illnesses, doctors visits, and missed work and school due to flu. It can also prevent flu-related hospitalizations and deaths. […] With rare exceptions, everyone 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine every season. Vaccination is particularly important for people who are at higher risk of serious complications from influenza. […] If you and your family have health insurance, the best way to get vaccinated is to make an appointment with your doctor. Many pharmacies also offer flu vaccine. […] If you dont have health insurance, you can get your flu vaccine shot at a health center in Philadelphia. […] The final date for the 2024-2025 Flu Community Campaign is Wednesday, April 30th.

• #62 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥6 months of age. […] Influenza vaccination is particularly recommended for children aged 6 months to <5 years, adults aged ≥65 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people with medical conditions that increase their risk of severe influenza, people experiencing homelessness, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and others in high-risk groups. [...] People who have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or CAR T-cell therapy and are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time after transplant are recommended to receive 2 doses given at least 4 weeks apart. [...] Influenza vaccine is funded through the NIP for all women who are pregnant. [...] Vaccinating pregnant women also reduces the risks and complications associated with severe influenza in their infants in the first 6 months of life.

• #63 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥6 months of age. […] Influenza vaccination is particularly recommended for children aged 6 months to <5 years, adults aged ≥65 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people with medical conditions that increase their risk of severe influenza, people experiencing homelessness, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and others in high-risk groups. [...] People who have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or CAR T-cell therapy and are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time after transplant are recommended to receive 2 doses given at least 4 weeks apart. [...] Influenza vaccine is funded through the NIP for all women who are pregnant. [...] Vaccinating pregnant women also reduces the risks and complications associated with severe influenza in their infants in the first 6 months of life.

• #64 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥6 months of age. […] Influenza vaccination is particularly recommended for children aged 6 months to <5 years, adults aged ≥65 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people with medical conditions that increase their risk of severe influenza, people experiencing homelessness, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and others in high-risk groups. [...] People who have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or CAR T-cell therapy and are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time after transplant are recommended to receive 2 doses given at least 4 weeks apart. [...] Influenza vaccine is funded through the NIP for all women who are pregnant. [...] Vaccinating pregnant women also reduces the risks and complications associated with severe influenza in their infants in the first 6 months of life.

• #65 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family

  https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/vaccines-diseases/current-flu-season/

  People living with chronic medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, and chronic kidney disease are at an increased risk of severe flu-related outcomes like hospitalization and death. […] Yes. Cancer patients, including people on chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and cancer survivors should get a flu shot. Flu shots are FDA-approved and CDC-recommended for use in people with cancer and those with a history of cancer. The flu shot has a long, established safety record in people with cancer.

• #66 Vaccinations and Flu Shots | Vaccinations During Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html

  People with cancer might be able to get some vaccines (and some might even be recommended). This depends on factors such as: […] In some situations, its important that people with weakened immune systems get certain vaccines (such as the flu and COVID vaccines), because these people are often more likely to get seriously ill if they do get an infection. […] First, vaccines might not always be helpful for these people. […] A second concern is that some vaccines could be harmful in people with weak immune systems. […] Before you get any vaccine, talk to your doctor about your cancer, cancer treatment, risk factors for the vaccine-preventable disease, whether you need the vaccine, and the best time for you to get it. […] In general, anyone with a weak immune system should not get any vaccines that contain live viruses.

• #67 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥6 months of age. […] Influenza vaccination is particularly recommended for children aged 6 months to <5 years, adults aged ≥65 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people with medical conditions that increase their risk of severe influenza, people experiencing homelessness, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and others in high-risk groups. [...] People who have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or CAR T-cell therapy and are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time after transplant are recommended to receive 2 doses given at least 4 weeks apart. [...] Influenza vaccine is funded through the NIP for all women who are pregnant. [...] Vaccinating pregnant women also reduces the risks and complications associated with severe influenza in their infants in the first 6 months of life.

• #68 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Healthcare workers, carers, and household contacts of people in high-risk groups are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] People who provide essential community services are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] People who are travelling during the influenza season are recommended to receive influenza vaccine. […] People experiencing homelessness are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] Influenza vaccines available in Australia are either split virion or subunit vaccines. […] The available adjuvanted influenza vaccine is egg-based, and contains the standard 15 µg of haemagglutinin per strain per dose, with MF59 as the adjuvant. […] Influenza vaccination is safe to give during any stage of pregnancy or while breastfeeding for both the mother and her baby.

• #69 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Healthcare workers, carers, and household contacts of people in high-risk groups are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] People who provide essential community services are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] People who are travelling during the influenza season are recommended to receive influenza vaccine. […] People experiencing homelessness are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine. […] Influenza vaccines available in Australia are either split virion or subunit vaccines. […] The available adjuvanted influenza vaccine is egg-based, and contains the standard 15 µg of haemagglutinin per strain per dose, with MF59 as the adjuvant. […] Influenza vaccination is safe to give during any stage of pregnancy or while breastfeeding for both the mother and her baby.

• #70 Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/influenza-flu-vaccine/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the influenza (flu) vaccination every year for people aged 6 months and older. The annual flu vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the flu. Getting the flu vaccine can reduce illness, antibiotic use, missed school and work, hospitalizations, doctor visits, and death caused by complications from the flu. […] We will offer the flu vaccine to all eligible patients (6 months and older, who are safe to receive the vaccine) once the supply of the flu vaccine becomes available. […] Yes. Children who are 6 months of age and older who are eligible for COVID-19 vaccination can get a COVID-19 vaccine and a flu vaccine at the same visit. If your child is 6 months or older, it is important to get their COVID-19 vaccine and annual flu vaccine as soon as possible. […] No, the flu shot does not cause the flu. Once you get the flu vaccine, your body will develop antibodies that will protect you from the flu. […] The CDC and the AAP recommend the vaccine for all children. […] It is always best to get the flu vaccine.

• #71 Influenza (flu) – immunisation | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/flu-influenza-immunisation

  The flu vaccine is strongly recommended in each pregnancy and is safe for pregnant women to receive at any time during pregnancy. […] The flu vaccine can be safely given at the same time as the whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine (between 20 and 32 weeks) and/ or COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. […] There are some people who are recommended to have a second dose of the flu vaccine within the space of one year. […] Yes. The flu vaccine can be co-administered (that is, given on the same day, one after the other) with other vaccines. […] Common side effects of the flu vaccine include: drowsiness or tiredness, muscle aches, localized pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, occasionally, an injection-site lump (nodule) that may last many weeks but needs no treatment, low-grade temperature (fever). […] Common side effects following immunisation are usually mild and temporary (occurring in the first 2 days after vaccination). Specific treatment is not usually required. […] If any other reactions are severe and persistent, or if you are worried, contact your doctor for further information.

• #72 Influenza Vaccine: Benefits & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/18888-influenza-virus-vaccine-injection

  The influenza vaccine reduces your risk of getting influenza or the flu. […] INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE helps to reduce the risk of getting influenza also known as the flu. The vaccine only helps protect you against some strains of the flu. […] This vaccine is for injection into a muscle or under the skin. It is given by a health care professional. […] You may still catch the flu, but the illness is not usually as bad. You cannot get the flu from the vaccine. The vaccine will not protect against colds or other illnesses that may cause fever. The vaccine is needed every year.

• #73 Flu (Influenza) Vaccine

  https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/primary-care/vaccinations/flu-vaccine

  Influenza shots (often called flu shots) are vaccines that reduce your risk of flu illness. […] The flu vaccine is an important step in maintaining your health. […] Protect yourself and others by getting your flu shot. It not only reduces your risk of illness but can prevent hospitalizations and death. […] The vaccine is safe and recommended for pregnant women. […] The flu vaccine is an important step in maintaining your health. In the U.S. alone, 34 – 75 million people get sick from the flu virus each year and thousands of those die. […] Flu vaccines reduce the risk of illness by up to 60 percent when the vaccine is well matched to the circulating viruses. […] Even if you do get sick, the chances of severe illness and/or hospitalization is lower with vaccination. […] A common misconception is that getting the flu shot can actually give you the flu. You cannot get influenza from the vaccine. […] The viruses in flu shots are inactive, meaning you cant get the flu from receiving the flu shot. […] If you have a mild illness, you can still receive a flu shot.

• #74 Universal Influenza Vaccine Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/universal-influenza-vaccine-research

  In May 2018, NIAID launched a Phase 2 clinical trial of a universal influenza vaccine called M-001. […] Developing a universal influenza vaccine is a significant priority for NIAID scientists. […] A first-in-human, Phase 1 trial assessing the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational nanoparticle influenza vaccine designed to provide long-lasting protection against multiple flu virus strains has begun at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. […] Scientists at NIAIDs Vaccine Research Center and their NIAID-supported colleagues at the University of Washington School of Medicine used tiny nanoparticles to make a huge leap towards the goal of a universal flu vaccine.

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