Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Dry Macular Degeneration – Signs, Symptoms, and More.

  https://www.macular.org/about-macular-degeneration/dry-macular-degeneration

  This form of macular degeneration is much more common than the wet type of macular degeneration, and it tends to progress more slowly than the wet type. However, a certain percentage of the dry type of macular degeneration turns to wet with the passage of time. There is no known cure for the dry type of macular degeneration. […] Approximately 85% to 90% of the cases of macular degeneration are the dry (atrophic) type.

• #2 Genentech: About AMD

  https://www.gene.com/patients/disease-education/amd-fact-sheet

  AMD is a leading cause of irreversible blindness or vision loss in people over 60, if left untreated. […] There are two forms of AMD – dry and wet. All cases begin as the dry form, but 10 percent to 15 percent progress to the wet form, which can result in sudden and severe central vision loss. […] Dry AMD, the early form of AMD, accounts for 90 percent of diagnosed cases. […] Approximately 20 million people in the United States have AMD, and nearly 1.5 million Americans have the advanced form of the disease. […] Between 2010 and 2050, the estimated number of people with AMD will more than double from 2.1 million to 5.4 million.

• #3 Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223154-overview

  Nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) accounts for more than 90% of patients diagnosed with AMD. […] AMD is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in the United States, with variable degrees of age-related macular changes occurring in 19.8 million (12.6%) of the population aged 40 years and older in 2019. […] The prevalence of AMD rose with age from 2% among individuals aged 40 to 44 years to 46.6% among persons aged 85 years and older. […] Greater than 90% of patients diagnosed with AMD have nonexudative (dry) AMD; nonexudative AMD is generally associated with much slower (over decades), progressive visual loss compared with exudative (wet) AMD, which is generally associated with more rapid (over months) visual loss. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the United States for people older than 50 years.

• #4 Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9595233/

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects one in eight people 60 years of age or older and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older persons in developed countries. According to thorough estimates, 200 million people worldwide are estimated to have AMD, and by 2040, this number is projected to rise to close to 300 million. By 2050, 5.4 million Americans are anticipated to be affected by rising patterns similar to this one. […] AMD prevalence varies greatly by ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White Europeans carrying the majority of the disease burden. We use the terms race and ethnicity in this review, as did the authors of the original study. Since participants are evaluated diversely in each research, we do not attempt to standardize the names. Notwithstanding a little fluctuation, there is still a significant chronic burden among Hispanics (10.4%), Africans (7.5%), and Asians (7.4%). Even yet, other researchers have estimated a lower disease burden in the United States, with non-Hispanic White Europeans having the highest frequency at about 7.3%.

• #5 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Bayer Global

  https://www.bayer.com/en/pharma/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd

  In age-related macular degeneration, the nerve cells are destroyed in the macula – the point of sharpest vision on the retina. This is caused by deposits beneath the retina as a result of local disturbances in retina metabolism. […] As an estimated 170 million people live with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) globally, which is the most common cause of severe visual impairment and blindness among people over the age of 65 in developed countries. […] As societies continue to age, the incidence of age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase even further to 288 million people worldwide by 2040, with women more frequently affected than men. […] Eye conditions can be a major threat to the status of sight, with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among the top three global causes of visual impairment with a blindness prevalence of 8,7%.

• #6 Global Burden of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Targeted Literature Review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548176/

  Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, particularly in higher-income countries. Although dry AMD accounts for 85% to 90% of AMD cases, a comprehensive understanding of the global dry AMD burden is needed. […] Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1995-2019) to identify data on the epidemiology, management, and humanistic and economic burden of dry AMD in adults. […] Findings: Thirty-seven of 4205 identified publications were included in the review. Dry AMD prevalence was 0.44% globally, varied across ethnic groups, and increased with age. […] Smoking, increasing age or cholesterol levels, and obesity are key risk factors for developing dry AMD. […] Despite dry AMD accounting for most AMD cases, there are substantial gaps in the published literature, particularly the humanistic and economic burden of disease and the lack of differentiation among dry, wet, or unspecified dry AMD.

• #7 VEHSS Modeled Estimates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/amd-prevalence.html

  In 2019, an estimated 19.8 million (12.6%) Americans aged 40 and older were living with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). […] Of these, 1.49 million (0.94%) were living with vision threatening. […] Prevalence of AMD increased with age from 2% (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 1.3 to 2.9) among people aged 40 to 44 to 46.6% (95% UI: 28.4 to 72.4) among people aged 85. […] Sex- and age-standardized rates of AMD were lower for non-Hispanic Black people (7.0%, 95%UI: 5.2% to 9.1%) than for other racial and ethnic groups (13.3%, 95% UI: 10.2% to 17.1%). […] AMD prevalence varied substantially at the state and county level, even after accounting for differences in demographics. […] By state, the crude prevalence of AMD ranged from a low of 6.2% in the District of Columbia to a high of 18.3% in Florida.

• #8 Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Epidemiology Forecast 2020-2034 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250321329114/en/Dry-Age-Related-Macular-Degeneration-Epidemiology-Forecast-2020-2034—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  According to estimates, the US accounted for around 20 million prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, and these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] In 2023, the geographical atrophy accounted for nearly 955,000 cases in EU4 and the UK. […] According to the estimates, in Japan, it is observed that age-specific cases of geographic atrophy were most prevalent in the 85+ years age group, accounting for over 40% of total cases in 2023. […] The total prevalent cases of AMD in the 7MM was nearly 68,347,000 in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, with around 20,970,000 cases; these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] Several researchers reported a declining prevalence of late AMD in the United States when comparing data from the 2000s with data gathered in previous decades.

• #9 Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Epidemiology Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5524950/dry-age-related-macular-degeneration?srsltid=AfmBOopRNFveQU3Snm9-_-2-55tqJvBoeofGKeozHnuAw5NEDNhPIszX

  The dry AMD epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by the total prevalent cases of AMD, stage-specific prevalent cases of AMD, total prevalent cases of geographic atrophy, total prevalent cases of dry AMD, total diagnosed prevalent cases of dry AMD, age-specific cases of early and intermediate AMD, age-specific cases of geographic atrophy, geographic atrophy cases by visual impairment in the 7MM market covering the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034. […] The total prevalent cases of AMD in the 7MM was nearly 68,347,000 in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, with around 20,970,000 cases; these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period.

• #10 Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5523753/dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-market?srsltid=AfmBOoq5zNHDf_Z9-_RGUo0wI6PZjVd0ts74JVOXtbI_dTu7N8Nl5UY_

  In 2023, the geographical atrophy accounted for nearly 955,900 cases in EU4 and the UK. […] According to the estimates, in Japan, it is observed that age-specific cases of geographic atrophy were most prevalent in the 85+ years age group, accounting for over 40% of total cases in 2023. […] Although there are relatively equal numbers of neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy in White populations, late AMD is less common among Japanese people than among white subjects. In Asian countries, although the prevalence of geographic atrophy is low, the rapidly aging population means that geographic atrophy is becoming an increasingly urgent and unmet medical need. The difference in the prevalence of AMD among races is also partly owing to genetic background; for example, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement factors are associated with AMD in Caucasians.

• #11 Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Epidemiology Forecast 2020-2034 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250321329114/en/Dry-Age-Related-Macular-Degeneration-Epidemiology-Forecast-2020-2034—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  According to estimates, the US accounted for around 20 million prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, and these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] In 2023, the geographical atrophy accounted for nearly 955,000 cases in EU4 and the UK. […] According to the estimates, in Japan, it is observed that age-specific cases of geographic atrophy were most prevalent in the 85+ years age group, accounting for over 40% of total cases in 2023. […] The total prevalent cases of AMD in the 7MM was nearly 68,347,000 in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, with around 20,970,000 cases; these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] Several researchers reported a declining prevalence of late AMD in the United States when comparing data from the 2000s with data gathered in previous decades.

• #12 About Age-Related Macular Degeneration | Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/age-related-macular-degeneration/amd-overview/

  Approximately one in seven Australians over the age of 50 have some evidence of AMD. […] About one in seven Australians over the age of 50 years have some evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In other words, 1.5 million Australians have signs of AMD. […] Almost 15 per cent of Australians aged over 80 have vision loss or blindness from age-related macular degeneration. […] Age is the single biggest risk factor for AMD. Another key risk factor is family history. […] The only way to diagnose AMD in the early stages is through an eye examination, including a check of the macula. […] Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is crucial to saving sight. […] There is no treatment for early, intermediate or late-stage dry AMD. But changes to diet and lifestyle may help slow down the disease.

• #13

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-024-00901-6

  Epidemiologic data on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are mainly based on cohort studies, including both diagnosed and undiagnosed cases. Using health claims data allows estimating epidemiological data of diagnosed subjects with AMD within the health care system using diagnosis codes from a regional claims database (AOK PLUS) to estimate the prevalence and incidence of non-exudative and exudative AMD in Germany. […] Between 2012 to 2021, the prevalence of diagnosed AMD cases remained relatively stable among approximately 3.27 million AOK PLUS insured persons, ranging from 0.96% (minimum in 2021) to 1.31% (maximum in 2014) for non-exudative AMD, about twice as high as for exudative AMD (minmax: 0.530.72%). The age- and sex-adjusted projections amounted to 644,153 diagnosed non-exudative and 367,086 diagnosed German patients with exudative AMDs in 2021.

• #14 VEHSS Modeled Estimates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/amd-prevalence.html

  In 2019, an estimated 19.8 million (12.6%) Americans aged 40 and older were living with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). […] Of these, 1.49 million (0.94%) were living with vision threatening. […] Prevalence of AMD increased with age from 2% (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 1.3 to 2.9) among people aged 40 to 44 to 46.6% (95% UI: 28.4 to 72.4) among people aged 85. […] Sex- and age-standardized rates of AMD were lower for non-Hispanic Black people (7.0%, 95%UI: 5.2% to 9.1%) than for other racial and ethnic groups (13.3%, 95% UI: 10.2% to 17.1%). […] AMD prevalence varied substantially at the state and county level, even after accounting for differences in demographics. […] By state, the crude prevalence of AMD ranged from a low of 6.2% in the District of Columbia to a high of 18.3% in Florida.

• #15 Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223154-overview

  Nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) accounts for more than 90% of patients diagnosed with AMD. […] AMD is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in the United States, with variable degrees of age-related macular changes occurring in 19.8 million (12.6%) of the population aged 40 years and older in 2019. […] The prevalence of AMD rose with age from 2% among individuals aged 40 to 44 years to 46.6% among persons aged 85 years and older. […] Greater than 90% of patients diagnosed with AMD have nonexudative (dry) AMD; nonexudative AMD is generally associated with much slower (over decades), progressive visual loss compared with exudative (wet) AMD, which is generally associated with more rapid (over months) visual loss. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the United States for people older than 50 years.

• #16 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/90/FULLTEXT/

  Based on a previous study, more than 1.75 million people in the United States are affected by AMD and it is estimated to reach almost 3 million by 2020. […] The advanced levels of AMD are categorized into two forms: non-neovascular (dry, non-exudative or geographical) and neovascular (wet or exudative) AMD. […] In dry AMD, geographic atrophy occurs in the RPE, photoreceptors and choriocapillaris, causing diminished visual acuity as a consequence of gradual cellular loss. […] Epidemiological surveys among populations with diverse ethnicities represent varied prevalence of AMD. […] Klein et al. estimated that in the United States, the incidence of AMD in the elderly will rise significantly from 8% in 2005 to 54% in 2025. […] The incidence rate of severe AMD reached 8% for persons over 75 years of age, making it a major problem affecting public health.

• #17 Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Ophthalmology Advisor

  https://www.ophthalmologyadvisor.com/ddi/age-related-macular-degeneration/

  AMD is much more likely to affect Non-Hispanic White Americans than Black and Non-White Hispanic Americans. The overall prevalence of AMD is 14.29% among Non-Hispanic Whites, 6.97% among Black Americans, and 10.0% among Non-White Hispanics. […] The major risk factors for the development of AMD are advancing age and race/ethnicity (White). However, cigarette smoking and genetic susceptibility are also important risk factors. […] Epidemiological, molecular, and twin studies have identified several genetic risk loci related to AMD onset and progression, including the Complement Factor H gene and the Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) gene. […] The etiology of AMD is multifactorial. […] Dry AMD, where there is deposition of drusen in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and between the RPE and Bruchs membrane, leads to slow, progressive atrophy of the RPE.

• #18 Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Epidemiology Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5524950/dry-age-related-macular-degeneration?srsltid=AfmBOopRNFveQU3Snm9-_-2-55tqJvBoeofGKeozHnuAw5NEDNhPIszX

  Several researchers reported a declining prevalence of late AMD in the United States when comparing data from the 2000s with data gathered in previous decades. […] Although there are relatively equal numbers of neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy in White populations, late AMD is less common among Japanese people than among white subjects. In Asian countries, although the prevalence of geographic atrophy is low, the rapidly aging population means that geographic atrophy is becoming an increasingly urgent and unmet medical need. The difference in the prevalence of AMD among races is also partly owing to genetic background; for example, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement factors are associated with AMD in Caucasians.

• #19 Age related Macular degeneration Epidemiology Study Data – MRFR

  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/medintellix/age-related-macular-degeneration-epidemiology-study

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects one in eight people 60 years of age or older and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older persons in developed countries. Prevalence of AMD increases significantly with age. […] According to one of the studies published in PubMed Central in US early-stage AMD affects approximately 10.73% of females and 12.72% of males aged 40 and older. […] Furthermore, prevalence of late-stage AMD is similar between both genders with rates 0.94% for females and 0.95% for males in same age group. […] AMD prevalence varies greatly by ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White Europeans carrying the majority of the disease burden. […] Advancing age is the major risk factor for causing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), smoking is considered as strong modifiable risk factor for this disease, family history of AMD can increase chances of getting this disease, high plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are also associated with increased risk of early AMD.

• #20 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview

  AMD epidemiology […] AMD is the leading cause of permanent blindness in the industrialized world (more than 170 million people affected globally) and the third cause worldwide. Some other AMD facts and figures: […] Among different racial groups, non-Hispanic White European people are at the highest risk of getting AMD, followed by Hispanic, Black, and Asian people. […] People older than 75 are nearly 15 times more likely to get AMD than those 50-59 years old. […] Women are slightly more likely than men to get AMD. But this may be simply because they tend to live longer. […] […] […] Studies have shown that Black people with AMD were 23% less likely than White AMD patients to be treated with anti-VEGF shots, the main treatment for dry AMD. Latino and Asian-American people are also less likely to be given this treatment.

• #21 Genentech: About AMD

  https://www.gene.com/patients/disease-education/amd-fact-sheet

  AMD is a leading cause of irreversible blindness or vision loss in people over 60, if left untreated. […] There are two forms of AMD – dry and wet. All cases begin as the dry form, but 10 percent to 15 percent progress to the wet form, which can result in sudden and severe central vision loss. […] Dry AMD, the early form of AMD, accounts for 90 percent of diagnosed cases. […] Approximately 20 million people in the United States have AMD, and nearly 1.5 million Americans have the advanced form of the disease. […] Between 2010 and 2050, the estimated number of people with AMD will more than double from 2.1 million to 5.4 million.

• #22 Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_1

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the human retina affecting individuals over the age of 55 years. […] Worldwide, the number of people with AMD is predicted to increase from 196 million in 2020 to 288 million by 2040. […] Distinct patterns of AMD prevalence and phenotype are seen between geographical areas that are not explained fully by disparities in population structures. […] The defining lesions are macular neovascularization and geographic atrophy, respectively. […] For these reasons, the condition has major implications for individuals and society, as affected individuals may experience substantially decreased quality of life and independence. […] Recent advances in retinal imaging have led to the recognition of an expanded set of AMD phenotypes, including reticular pseudodrusen, nonexudative macular neovascularization, and subtypes of atrophy.

• #23 AMD Trends Among Americans: Prevalence Is on The Rise – Geographic Atrophy and Other Aspects of AMD

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-centers/geographic-atrophy-other-aspects-amd/amd-trends-among-americans-prevalence-rise/4914

  The prevalence of major eye diseases is increasing among Medicare beneficiaries, according to a report published in Ophthalmology. […] Current trends based on Medicare data […] The research team considered the annual diagnosed prevalence and incidence from 2005-2020 of AMD, DR, and glaucoma as the primary outcomes. […] The prevalence of any of the 3 eye diseases analyzed rose by 1.5%, from 16.4% (n=3,628,996) in 2005 to 17.9% (n=3,731,281) in 2019. These trends were due in large part to increased prevalence of both wet and dry AMD and vision-threatening DR, the authors noted. […] Looking at AMD separately, its annual prevalence increased from 6.8% (n=1,504,770) in 2005 to 9.4% (n=1,965,176) in 2019. The authors pointed out that this increase was driven by a 1.8% increase in the prevalence of dry AMD (5.1% to 6.9%), as well as by a 0.9% increase in the prevalence of wet AMD (1.7% to 2.6%).

• #24 AMD Trends Among Americans: Prevalence Is on The Rise – Geographic Atrophy and Other Aspects of AMD

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-centers/geographic-atrophy-other-aspects-amd/amd-trends-among-americans-prevalence-rise/4914

  The increased prevalence of AMD “could be due to earlier diagnosis of AMD, that is at younger ages, prior to beneficiaries entering Medicare,” commented first author Joshua R. Ehrlich, MD, MPH. […] At the same time, slight decreases were detected in the annual incidence for any AMD (2.5% to 2.3%), dry AMD (2.2% to 2.0%), and wet AMD (0.7% to 0.5%). […] “The decrease in the annual incidence of wet AMD we found may be attributed to increasing use of AREDS2 vitamins, which have been shown to decrease the risk of disease progression,” Dr. Ehrlich explained. […] “Surveillance and use of AREDS2 vitamins may be making a population-level difference in terms of earlier diagnosis and prevention of disease progression to the wet form of AMD,” he continued. […] “Findings from this study therefore may inform surveillance efforts and public health and policy planning, as well as efforts to promote vision health equity for a diverse older United States population,” the authors concluded.

• #25 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://www.openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/90/FULLTEXT/

  Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a type of maculopathy that results in irreversible visual impairment among the aged population in developed countries. […] The advanced stages of AMD are geographical atrophy (dry type) and neovascular AMD (wet type), which lead to progressive and severe vision loss. […] The advanced stage of dry AMD can be identified by extensive large drusen, detachment of the RPE layer and finally degeneration of photoreceptors leading to central vision loss. […] A variety of environmental and genetic related risk factors are associated with increased incidence and progression of AMD. […] The genetic factors are found in the complement, angiogenic and lipid pathways. […] However, environmental factors, such as smoking and nutrition, are also major risk factors.

• #26 Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors | Eye and Vision | Full Text

  https://eandv.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40662-016-0063-5

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old. […] Approximately 11 million individuals are affected with AMD in the United States (U.S.) alone, with a global prevalence of 170 million. […] The prevalence of AMD in the U.S. is anticipated to increase to 22 million by the year 2050, while the global prevalence is expected to increase to 288 million by the year 2040. […] AMD is a complex disease with many genetic and environmental factors, as well as interactions among these many factors, which influence susceptibility to risk. […] Some of these epidemiological risk factors for AMD can be modified, and include body-mass index (BMI), smoking tobacco, diet, and blood lipid and cholesterol levels. […] Understanding the relationships among diseases that may share overlapping pathophysiology and/or are co-morbid pathologies with AMD could help to uncover disease etiology in AMD.

• #27 Age related Macular degeneration Epidemiology Study Data – MRFR

  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/medintellix/age-related-macular-degeneration-epidemiology-study

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects one in eight people 60 years of age or older and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older persons in developed countries. Prevalence of AMD increases significantly with age. […] According to one of the studies published in PubMed Central in US early-stage AMD affects approximately 10.73% of females and 12.72% of males aged 40 and older. […] Furthermore, prevalence of late-stage AMD is similar between both genders with rates 0.94% for females and 0.95% for males in same age group. […] AMD prevalence varies greatly by ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White Europeans carrying the majority of the disease burden. […] Advancing age is the major risk factor for causing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), smoking is considered as strong modifiable risk factor for this disease, family history of AMD can increase chances of getting this disease, high plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are also associated with increased risk of early AMD.

• #28 Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223154-overview

  A liberal definition of AMD that includes all patients with significant drusen in the posterior pole, with or without visual loss, estimates the prevalence at greater than 20% of the population older than 60 years. […] The incidence of AMD in Japanese and other Asian populations is lower than the white population in the United States, but reports suggest that the incidence is increasing. […] The incidence of AMD is higher in Whites compared with African Americans. […] The incidence increases with each decade of life, with a significant rise in patients aged 70 years or older.

• #29 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/90/FULLTEXT/

  During a five-year study in Australia, the incidences of early AMD among people younger than 60 years and more than 80 years were estimated to be 13% and 20%, respectively. […] Twin and familial aggregation/segregation studies have revealed that family history can be a risk factor in AMD. […] The risk of late AMD in siblings of parents with advanced AMD is approximately 4-fold higher compared to intermediate AMD. […] Several chromosomal loci associated with AMD have been identified. […] The first identified susceptible gene for AMD was complement factor H (CFH), located on chromosome 1q31.3. […] The second major gene was LOC387715/HTRA1 located on 10q26 chromosome, which encodes a serine protease. […] Future therapies for AMD may target genetic and epigenetic variations but additional studies are required to acquire full understanding at a molecular level how they are related to AMD pathogenesis.

• #30 Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Ophthalmology Advisor

  https://www.ophthalmologyadvisor.com/ddi/age-related-macular-degeneration/

  AMD is much more likely to affect Non-Hispanic White Americans than Black and Non-White Hispanic Americans. The overall prevalence of AMD is 14.29% among Non-Hispanic Whites, 6.97% among Black Americans, and 10.0% among Non-White Hispanics. […] The major risk factors for the development of AMD are advancing age and race/ethnicity (White). However, cigarette smoking and genetic susceptibility are also important risk factors. […] Epidemiological, molecular, and twin studies have identified several genetic risk loci related to AMD onset and progression, including the Complement Factor H gene and the Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) gene. […] The etiology of AMD is multifactorial. […] Dry AMD, where there is deposition of drusen in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and between the RPE and Bruchs membrane, leads to slow, progressive atrophy of the RPE.

• #31 Macular degeneration – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_degeneration

  The prevalence of any age-related macular degeneration is higher in Europeans than in Asians and Africans. […] The incidence of age-related macular degeneration and its associated features increases with age and is low in people 55 years of age. […] As of 2008, age-related macular degeneration accounts for more than 54% of all vision loss in the white population in the US. […] An estimated 8 million Americans are affected with early age-related macular degeneration, of whom over 1 million will develop advanced age-related macular degeneration within the next 5 years. […] In the UK, age-related macular degeneration is the cause of blindness in almost 42% of those who go blind aged 65-74 years, almost two-thirds of those aged 75-84 years, and almost three-quarters of those aged 85 years or older.

• #32 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview

  AMD epidemiology […] AMD is the leading cause of permanent blindness in the industrialized world (more than 170 million people affected globally) and the third cause worldwide. Some other AMD facts and figures: […] Among different racial groups, non-Hispanic White European people are at the highest risk of getting AMD, followed by Hispanic, Black, and Asian people. […] People older than 75 are nearly 15 times more likely to get AMD than those 50-59 years old. […] Women are slightly more likely than men to get AMD. But this may be simply because they tend to live longer. […] […] […] Studies have shown that Black people with AMD were 23% less likely than White AMD patients to be treated with anti-VEGF shots, the main treatment for dry AMD. Latino and Asian-American people are also less likely to be given this treatment.

• #33 Global Burden of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Targeted Literature Review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548176/

  Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, particularly in higher-income countries. Although dry AMD accounts for 85% to 90% of AMD cases, a comprehensive understanding of the global dry AMD burden is needed. […] Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1995-2019) to identify data on the epidemiology, management, and humanistic and economic burden of dry AMD in adults. […] Findings: Thirty-seven of 4205 identified publications were included in the review. Dry AMD prevalence was 0.44% globally, varied across ethnic groups, and increased with age. […] Smoking, increasing age or cholesterol levels, and obesity are key risk factors for developing dry AMD. […] Despite dry AMD accounting for most AMD cases, there are substantial gaps in the published literature, particularly the humanistic and economic burden of disease and the lack of differentiation among dry, wet, or unspecified dry AMD.

• #34 Disease Burden of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/disease-burden-of-neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration-and-diabetic-macular-edema

  There are nearly 20 million people in the United States who are living with some form of AMD; approximately 18 million people aged 40 years and older are living with early-onset AMD while an estimated 1.49 million have late-stage or vision-threatening nAMD. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in people aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of AMD increases with age. Data from 2019 indicate the prevalence of AMD among adults aged 40 to 44 years was 2%, and it increased to 46% in people aged 85 years and older. Racial and ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by AMD. Caucasians and Asians are at greatest risk while non-Hispanic Blacks are least likely to develop AMD. There is also geographic variation in the prevalence of AMD. When broken down by state, the crude prevalence in the United States ranged from a low of 6.2% in the District of Columbia to a high of 18.3% in Florida. Cigarette smoking is widely considered the most important modifiable risk factor in AMD, and smoking cessation should be encouraged in patients who have AMD or are at risk for AMD. Data suggest that dietary intake may also have a prominent role in AMD. For example, adherence to a Mediterranean diet and increased consumption of foods high in carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids has been beneficial in terms of reducing disease progression and risk of AMD.

• #35 Disease Burden of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/disease-burden-of-neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration-and-diabetic-macular-edema

  There are nearly 20 million people in the United States who are living with some form of AMD; approximately 18 million people aged 40 years and older are living with early-onset AMD while an estimated 1.49 million have late-stage or vision-threatening nAMD. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in people aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of AMD increases with age. Data from 2019 indicate the prevalence of AMD among adults aged 40 to 44 years was 2%, and it increased to 46% in people aged 85 years and older. Racial and ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by AMD. Caucasians and Asians are at greatest risk while non-Hispanic Blacks are least likely to develop AMD. There is also geographic variation in the prevalence of AMD. When broken down by state, the crude prevalence in the United States ranged from a low of 6.2% in the District of Columbia to a high of 18.3% in Florida. Cigarette smoking is widely considered the most important modifiable risk factor in AMD, and smoking cessation should be encouraged in patients who have AMD or are at risk for AMD. Data suggest that dietary intake may also have a prominent role in AMD. For example, adherence to a Mediterranean diet and increased consumption of foods high in carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids has been beneficial in terms of reducing disease progression and risk of AMD.

• #36 Global Burden of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Targeted Literature Review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548176/

  Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, particularly in higher-income countries. Although dry AMD accounts for 85% to 90% of AMD cases, a comprehensive understanding of the global dry AMD burden is needed. […] Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1995-2019) to identify data on the epidemiology, management, and humanistic and economic burden of dry AMD in adults. […] Findings: Thirty-seven of 4205 identified publications were included in the review. Dry AMD prevalence was 0.44% globally, varied across ethnic groups, and increased with age. […] Smoking, increasing age or cholesterol levels, and obesity are key risk factors for developing dry AMD. […] Despite dry AMD accounting for most AMD cases, there are substantial gaps in the published literature, particularly the humanistic and economic burden of disease and the lack of differentiation among dry, wet, or unspecified dry AMD.

• #37 Age related Macular degeneration Epidemiology Study Data – MRFR

  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/medintellix/age-related-macular-degeneration-epidemiology-study

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects one in eight people 60 years of age or older and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older persons in developed countries. Prevalence of AMD increases significantly with age. […] According to one of the studies published in PubMed Central in US early-stage AMD affects approximately 10.73% of females and 12.72% of males aged 40 and older. […] Furthermore, prevalence of late-stage AMD is similar between both genders with rates 0.94% for females and 0.95% for males in same age group. […] AMD prevalence varies greatly by ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White Europeans carrying the majority of the disease burden. […] Advancing age is the major risk factor for causing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), smoking is considered as strong modifiable risk factor for this disease, family history of AMD can increase chances of getting this disease, high plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are also associated with increased risk of early AMD.

• #38 Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors | Eye and Vision | Full Text

  https://eandv.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40662-016-0063-5

  Many recent studies have investigated the relationship between co-occurrences of AMD and cardiovascular-associated conditions, often with apparently contradictory findings. […] AMD phenotypes have been variably associated with a variety of CVD outcomes, including coronary heart disease (CHD)/CAD, myocardial infarction (MI), angina, or a pooled composite cardiovascular disease category. […] Several studies have reported significant associations between AMD and CVD, representing associations between a variety of AMD subtypes/symptoms and cardiovascular outcomes for a variety of ethnic populations. […] The majority of these studies suggest a significant association between the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and the occurrence of AMD. […] The prevalence of AMD varies greatly by ethnicity with non-Hispanic White Europeans having the greatest disease burden.

• #39 VEHSS Modeled Estimates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/amd-prevalence.html

  The VEHSS prevalence estimates of AMD were generated using a statistical modeling approach called Bayesian meta-regression, which is used to combine information from multiple VEHSS data sources into a single summary estimate. […] CDC uses the VEHSS estimate as the primary estimate to assess the percentage of people with AMD in the United States by state, county, and across different age groups, racial and ethnic groups, and sex. […] The VEHSS Composite Estimates of AMD are CDCs estimate of the percentage of US residents who have AMD, where they live, and who they are.

• #40 VEHSS Modeled Estimates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/amd-prevalence.html

  The VEHSS prevalence estimates of AMD were generated using a statistical modeling approach called Bayesian meta-regression, which is used to combine information from multiple VEHSS data sources into a single summary estimate. […] CDC uses the VEHSS estimate as the primary estimate to assess the percentage of people with AMD in the United States by state, county, and across different age groups, racial and ethnic groups, and sex. […] The VEHSS Composite Estimates of AMD are CDCs estimate of the percentage of US residents who have AMD, where they live, and who they are.

• #41 Case Definitions: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd.html

  The VEHSS prevalence estimate of AMD is CDCs primary estimate of the prevalence of AMD in the United States. […] The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included identification of AMD based on retinal images. VEHSS summarizes the NHANES results, which represent a population-level prevalence estimate of AMD. […] Diagnosed age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is identified based on the presence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes in patient claims or electronic health record (EHR) systems. […] Early AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating the presence of drusen (degenerative) of the macula, an early manifestation of dry-form AMD. […] Dry-form AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. […] Geographic atrophy AMD includes ICD-10 codes approved after October 2018 indicating the advanced atrophic stage of dry-form AMD.

• #42 Verana Health Study of Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leverages Curated IRIS Registry Data for Insights into Disease’s Progression | veranahealth.com

  https://veranahealth.com/verana-health-study-of-patients-with-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-leverages-curated-iris-registry-data-for-insights-into-diseases-progression/

  The clinical conclusion from our study is that if ophthalmologists have a patient with intermediate AMD, they are strongly advised to watch that patient more closely than a patient with mild dAMD. […] After reviewing de-identified patient records, the Verana Health team identified a cohort of approximately 645,000 patients with confirmed dAMD. […] Tracking these patients over a four-year period (2016-2019), we determined that patients with a lower VA at the beginning of the review period had more advanced dAMD. […] Verana Health researchers also determined that as these patients disease worsened, so did their vision. […] Patients with intermediate dAMD were four times more likely to progress to GA than patients with mild dAMD. […] Disease progression to GA and wet AMD occurred much faster once a patient reached the intermediate dAMD stage. […] Our findings highlight the need for new medication options to reverse or delay the worsening of dAMD and improve the quality of life for patients.

• #43 About Age-Related Macular Degeneration | Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/age-related-macular-degeneration/amd-overview/

  Approximately one in seven Australians over the age of 50 have some evidence of AMD. […] About one in seven Australians over the age of 50 years have some evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In other words, 1.5 million Australians have signs of AMD. […] Almost 15 per cent of Australians aged over 80 have vision loss or blindness from age-related macular degeneration. […] Age is the single biggest risk factor for AMD. Another key risk factor is family history. […] The only way to diagnose AMD in the early stages is through an eye examination, including a check of the macula. […] Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is crucial to saving sight. […] There is no treatment for early, intermediate or late-stage dry AMD. But changes to diet and lifestyle may help slow down the disease.

• #44 Prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed age-related macular degeneration: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-94830-4

  This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for undiagnosed age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Korean population. […] The prevalence and risk factors for undiagnosed AMD were analyzed. Among the patients identified to having AMD through KNHANES, the prevalence of undiagnosed AMD was 95.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.1396.37). […] The high prevalence of undiagnosed AMD in the Korean population highlights the need for regular fundus examinations to facilitate accurate detection of AMD. […] Low education level emerged as a significant risk factor for undiagnosed AMD, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions for this population to reduce the risk of visual impairment due to AMD. […] In the present study, the prevalence of undiagnosed AMD was high, reaching 95.25% in the adult Korean population. […] The most important risk factor for undiagnosed AMD was a low education level. […] These findings demonstrate the importance of regular fundus examinations, particularly for individuals with lower education levels, to accurately identify the presence of AMD.

• #45 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview

  Studies also show that Black people are 18% less likely than their White counterparts to get regular eye exams, which are important for detecting AMD. […] Other research shows that people of color are underrepresented in clinical studies of new treatments for eye diseases. The rate at which Black people take part has been decreasing over the past 20 years, even as more Latino and Asian people take part. […] The reasons for these disparities aren’t clear but may involve a number of things, including access to health care, cultural mistrust of the health care system, and bias.

• #46 Case Definitions: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd.html

  The VEHSS prevalence estimate of AMD is CDCs primary estimate of the prevalence of AMD in the United States. […] The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included identification of AMD based on retinal images. VEHSS summarizes the NHANES results, which represent a population-level prevalence estimate of AMD. […] Diagnosed age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is identified based on the presence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes in patient claims or electronic health record (EHR) systems. […] Early AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating the presence of drusen (degenerative) of the macula, an early manifestation of dry-form AMD. […] Dry-form AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. […] Geographic atrophy AMD includes ICD-10 codes approved after October 2018 indicating the advanced atrophic stage of dry-form AMD.

• #47 Case Definitions: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd.html

  The VEHSS prevalence estimate of AMD is CDCs primary estimate of the prevalence of AMD in the United States. […] The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included identification of AMD based on retinal images. VEHSS summarizes the NHANES results, which represent a population-level prevalence estimate of AMD. […] Diagnosed age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is identified based on the presence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes in patient claims or electronic health record (EHR) systems. […] Early AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating the presence of drusen (degenerative) of the macula, an early manifestation of dry-form AMD. […] Dry-form AMD includes diagnosis codes indicating nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. […] Geographic atrophy AMD includes ICD-10 codes approved after October 2018 indicating the advanced atrophic stage of dry-form AMD.

• #48 Verana Health Study of Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leverages Curated IRIS Registry Data for Insights into Disease’s Progression | veranahealth.com

  https://veranahealth.com/verana-health-study-of-patients-with-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-leverages-curated-iris-registry-data-for-insights-into-diseases-progression/

  The clinical conclusion from our study is that if ophthalmologists have a patient with intermediate AMD, they are strongly advised to watch that patient more closely than a patient with mild dAMD. […] After reviewing de-identified patient records, the Verana Health team identified a cohort of approximately 645,000 patients with confirmed dAMD. […] Tracking these patients over a four-year period (2016-2019), we determined that patients with a lower VA at the beginning of the review period had more advanced dAMD. […] Verana Health researchers also determined that as these patients disease worsened, so did their vision. […] Patients with intermediate dAMD were four times more likely to progress to GA than patients with mild dAMD. […] Disease progression to GA and wet AMD occurred much faster once a patient reached the intermediate dAMD stage. […] Our findings highlight the need for new medication options to reverse or delay the worsening of dAMD and improve the quality of life for patients.

• #49 Age-related Macular Degeneration: Progression from Atrophic to Proliferative. EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/118-amd-progression.htm

  AMD affects 35% of individuals over the age of 75 (85% of cases are atrophic and 15% are neovascular) […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disease affecting 35% of individuals over the age of 75. It is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly people in the United States. Both forms of AMD, atrophic (dry) and neovascular (wet), are thought to be initially caused by oxidative stress to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Atrophic macular degeneration is more common (85%) than neovascular macular degeneration, with progression from dry to wet in approximately 10% of individuals diagnosed with dry AMD. […] The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group (AREDS) in 2001 demonstrated the effectiveness of high doses of vitamin C and E, beta carotene, zinc, and copper in delaying progression of dry AMD.

• #50 Macular Degeneration Bloomington | Eye Disease Champaign | VisionPoint

  https://www.visionpointeye.com/eye-diseases-bloomington/macular-degeneration/

  Dry AMD is an early stage of the disease and may result from the aging and thinning of macular tissues, depositing of pigment in the macula or a combination of the two processes. […] Dry macular degeneration is diagnosed when yellowish spots known as drusen begin to accumulate in and around the macula. […] Despite ongoing medical research, there is no cure yet for dry macular degeneration. While there are no FDA-approved treatments available for dry macular degeneration, a major National Eye Institute study called the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) has produced strong evidence that certain nutrients such as vitamins C and E may help prevent or slow progression of dry macular degeneration. The AREDS study shows that taking high dose formulas of certain nutritional supplements can reduce the risk of early stage AMD progression by 25 percent. […] Our doctors also recommend that dry AMD patients wear sunglasses with UV protection against potentially harmful effects of the sun.

• #51 Macular Degeneration Bloomington | Eye Disease Champaign | VisionPoint

  https://www.visionpointeye.com/eye-diseases-bloomington/macular-degeneration/

  Dry AMD is an early stage of the disease and may result from the aging and thinning of macular tissues, depositing of pigment in the macula or a combination of the two processes. […] Dry macular degeneration is diagnosed when yellowish spots known as drusen begin to accumulate in and around the macula. […] Despite ongoing medical research, there is no cure yet for dry macular degeneration. While there are no FDA-approved treatments available for dry macular degeneration, a major National Eye Institute study called the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) has produced strong evidence that certain nutrients such as vitamins C and E may help prevent or slow progression of dry macular degeneration. The AREDS study shows that taking high dose formulas of certain nutritional supplements can reduce the risk of early stage AMD progression by 25 percent. […] Our doctors also recommend that dry AMD patients wear sunglasses with UV protection against potentially harmful effects of the sun.

• #52 Wet vs Dry Macular Degeneration: What is the Difference? | Optegra

  https://www.optegra.com/eye-health-blog/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd/wet-vs-macular-degeneration-what-is-the-difference/

  Dry AMD is the early stage of macular degeneration. Vision changes can be subtle, with blurry vision reduced contrast sensitivity and mild colour vision changes. […] While dry macular degeneration is more common and progresses slowly, about 10-15% of individuals with dry AMD develop the more severe wet form (according to NCBI). […] The wet form of macular degeneration is generally worse than the dry. Both forms of AMD can lead to severe vision loss, but wet retinal degeneration is considered worse because it progresses much more rapidly and can cause sudden, significant loss of central vision. […] Dry MD management generally involves lifestyle changes and prevention, while wet MD usually requires persistent medical treatment to control the disease and protect vision. […] Those with dry MD have a major role to play in managing the disease; lifestyle changes can be enormously beneficial. ‘a healthy diet, regular exercise, and not smoking are key factors in reducing the risk of progression from early to advanced stages of dry AMD.’ says Emily Chew, director of the NEI’s Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

• #53 70+ Key Companies Advancing in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Clinical Trial Therapeutic Space | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/70-key-companies-advancing-in-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-clinical-trial-therapeutic-space–delveinsight-302358146.html

  Currently, no approved treatments exist for dry AMD. Management involves regular monitoring, timely detection of visual deterioration, appropriate rehabilitation, and early identification of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Research is underway to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent AMD, slow its progression, or restore vision. […] Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration Epidemiology Forecast 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted dry AMD epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan.

• #54 70+ Key Companies Advancing in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Clinical Trial Therapeutic Space | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/70-key-companies-advancing-in-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-clinical-trial-therapeutic-space–delveinsight-302358146.html

  Currently, no approved treatments exist for dry AMD. Management involves regular monitoring, timely detection of visual deterioration, appropriate rehabilitation, and early identification of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Research is underway to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent AMD, slow its progression, or restore vision. […] Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration Epidemiology Forecast 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted dry AMD epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan.

• #55 New Study Finds Higher Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Cases than Previously Determined and a High Degree of County Variation | NORC at the University of Chicago

  https://www.norc.org/research/library/new-study-finds-higher-prevalence-of-age-related-macular-degener.html

  New study from leading researchers at NORC at the University of Chicago, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Michigan, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shows higher prevalence rates of AMD, a leading cause of vision loss in the United States. […] A new study The Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States In 2019 published in JAMA Ophthalmology, found that in 2019, there were an estimated 19.83 million Americans were living with some form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2019. […] AMD is a leading cause of vision loss for Americans ages 50 and older. […] Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. […] AMD is a major cause of vision impairment and blindness, and costs Medicare approximately $1,290 per beneficiary diagnosed. […] This granular level of detail on AMD cases across the country helps medical communities and decision makers gain a better understanding of where the greatest need is for treatment, public health outreach, and resources.

• #56 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview

  AMD epidemiology […] AMD is the leading cause of permanent blindness in the industrialized world (more than 170 million people affected globally) and the third cause worldwide. Some other AMD facts and figures: […] Among different racial groups, non-Hispanic White European people are at the highest risk of getting AMD, followed by Hispanic, Black, and Asian people. […] People older than 75 are nearly 15 times more likely to get AMD than those 50-59 years old. […] Women are slightly more likely than men to get AMD. But this may be simply because they tend to live longer. […] […] […] Studies have shown that Black people with AMD were 23% less likely than White AMD patients to be treated with anti-VEGF shots, the main treatment for dry AMD. Latino and Asian-American people are also less likely to be given this treatment.

• #57 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/age-related-macular-degeneration-overview

  Studies also show that Black people are 18% less likely than their White counterparts to get regular eye exams, which are important for detecting AMD. […] Other research shows that people of color are underrepresented in clinical studies of new treatments for eye diseases. The rate at which Black people take part has been decreasing over the past 20 years, even as more Latino and Asian people take part. […] The reasons for these disparities aren’t clear but may involve a number of things, including access to health care, cultural mistrust of the health care system, and bias.

• #58 Global Burden of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Targeted Literature Review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34548176/

  Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, particularly in higher-income countries. Although dry AMD accounts for 85% to 90% of AMD cases, a comprehensive understanding of the global dry AMD burden is needed. […] Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1995-2019) to identify data on the epidemiology, management, and humanistic and economic burden of dry AMD in adults. […] Findings: Thirty-seven of 4205 identified publications were included in the review. Dry AMD prevalence was 0.44% globally, varied across ethnic groups, and increased with age. […] Smoking, increasing age or cholesterol levels, and obesity are key risk factors for developing dry AMD. […] Despite dry AMD accounting for most AMD cases, there are substantial gaps in the published literature, particularly the humanistic and economic burden of disease and the lack of differentiation among dry, wet, or unspecified dry AMD.

• #59 70+ Key Companies Advancing in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Clinical Trial Therapeutic Space | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/70-key-companies-advancing-in-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-clinical-trial-therapeutic-space–delveinsight-302358146.html

  Dry macular degeneration is a common eye disorder among people aged above 50 years. It causes blurred or reduced central vision due to thinning of the macula. The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly focused on developing pathway-based therapies for dry AMD, with promising treatments like ALK-001 and LBS-008 in trials, though a combination approach may be needed to fully inhibit disease progression. […] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the top four causes of blindness in older adults and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Around 170 million people globally are affected by AMD, making it the third most common cause of vision loss worldwide. Dry AMD typically progresses slowly, but wet AMD can cause severe visual impairment within days or weeks of onset.

• #60 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/90/FULLTEXT/

  During a five-year study in Australia, the incidences of early AMD among people younger than 60 years and more than 80 years were estimated to be 13% and 20%, respectively. […] Twin and familial aggregation/segregation studies have revealed that family history can be a risk factor in AMD. […] The risk of late AMD in siblings of parents with advanced AMD is approximately 4-fold higher compared to intermediate AMD. […] Several chromosomal loci associated with AMD have been identified. […] The first identified susceptible gene for AMD was complement factor H (CFH), located on chromosome 1q31.3. […] The second major gene was LOC387715/HTRA1 located on 10q26 chromosome, which encodes a serine protease. […] Future therapies for AMD may target genetic and epigenetic variations but additional studies are required to acquire full understanding at a molecular level how they are related to AMD pathogenesis.

• #61 Novel treatments and genetics of age-related macular degeneration-a narrative review – Arabi – Annals of Eye Science

  https://aes.amegroups.org/article/view/6375/html

  A Phase 1 trial of GR39821 for AMD patients with GA evaluates the safety of intravitreal injection of an inhibitor of anti-High Temperature Requirement A1 (HtrA1). […] Theoretically, intravitreal HMR 59 (AAVCAGsCD59) may provide a therapeutic opportunity for dry AMD, since it can affect the pathogenesis of the disease through inhibiting the complement cascade. […] Another ongoing trial of gene therapy for AMD is GT005.

• #62 Novel treatments and genetics of age-related macular degeneration-a narrative review – Arabi – Annals of Eye Science

  https://aes.amegroups.org/article/view/6375/html

  Currently, optimization of patient selection for different AMD treatments cannot be implemented in the clinic. […] The role genetic biomarkers has been a topic of intense debate. […] The Proxima A trial performed on 295 eyes has reported a rate of 2 mm2 per year for the rate of GA progression in patients with bilateral GA which is similar to the rates reported in epidemiologic studies. […] The safety and efficacy of Brimonidine Drug Delivery System (Brimo DDS), a sustained release biodegradable intravitreal brimonidine implant, was reported in a phase 2 clinical trial on 113 eyes with GA secondary to AMD. […] The Phase 2 trial of risuteganib has suggested that structural and functional changes in intermediate dry AMD may be reversed with intravitreal injection of 1.0 mg of risuteganib.

• #63 About Age-Related Macular Degeneration | Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/age-related-macular-degeneration/amd-overview/

  Researchers from Australia and around the world are looking for ways to cure AMD. Theyre also looking for treatments for dry and earlier stage AMD. […] World-wide, researchers are focused on ways to reduce the impact and incidence of macular disease, bringing hope for effective treatments and, ultimately, a cure.

• #64 Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9595233/

  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects one in eight people 60 years of age or older and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older persons in developed countries. According to thorough estimates, 200 million people worldwide are estimated to have AMD, and by 2040, this number is projected to rise to close to 300 million. By 2050, 5.4 million Americans are anticipated to be affected by rising patterns similar to this one. […] AMD prevalence varies greatly by ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White Europeans carrying the majority of the disease burden. We use the terms race and ethnicity in this review, as did the authors of the original study. Since participants are evaluated diversely in each research, we do not attempt to standardize the names. Notwithstanding a little fluctuation, there is still a significant chronic burden among Hispanics (10.4%), Africans (7.5%), and Asians (7.4%). Even yet, other researchers have estimated a lower disease burden in the United States, with non-Hispanic White Europeans having the highest frequency at about 7.3%.

• #65 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | Bayer Global

  https://www.bayer.com/en/pharma/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd

  In age-related macular degeneration, the nerve cells are destroyed in the macula – the point of sharpest vision on the retina. This is caused by deposits beneath the retina as a result of local disturbances in retina metabolism. […] As an estimated 170 million people live with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) globally, which is the most common cause of severe visual impairment and blindness among people over the age of 65 in developed countries. […] As societies continue to age, the incidence of age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase even further to 288 million people worldwide by 2040, with women more frequently affected than men. […] Eye conditions can be a major threat to the status of sight, with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among the top three global causes of visual impairment with a blindness prevalence of 8,7%.

• #66 70+ Key Companies Advancing in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Clinical Trial Therapeutic Space | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/70-key-companies-advancing-in-dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-clinical-trial-therapeutic-space–delveinsight-302358146.html

  Currently, no approved treatments exist for dry AMD. Management involves regular monitoring, timely detection of visual deterioration, appropriate rehabilitation, and early identification of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Research is underway to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent AMD, slow its progression, or restore vision. […] Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration Epidemiology Forecast 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted dry AMD epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan.

• #67 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/90/FULLTEXT/

  During a five-year study in Australia, the incidences of early AMD among people younger than 60 years and more than 80 years were estimated to be 13% and 20%, respectively. […] Twin and familial aggregation/segregation studies have revealed that family history can be a risk factor in AMD. […] The risk of late AMD in siblings of parents with advanced AMD is approximately 4-fold higher compared to intermediate AMD. […] Several chromosomal loci associated with AMD have been identified. […] The first identified susceptible gene for AMD was complement factor H (CFH), located on chromosome 1q31.3. […] The second major gene was LOC387715/HTRA1 located on 10q26 chromosome, which encodes a serine protease. […] Future therapies for AMD may target genetic and epigenetic variations but additional studies are required to acquire full understanding at a molecular level how they are related to AMD pathogenesis.

• #68 About Age-Related Macular Degeneration | Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/age-related-macular-degeneration/amd-overview/

  Researchers from Australia and around the world are looking for ways to cure AMD. Theyre also looking for treatments for dry and earlier stage AMD. […] World-wide, researchers are focused on ways to reduce the impact and incidence of macular disease, bringing hope for effective treatments and, ultimately, a cure.

• #69 Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration Seven Major Market to Exhibit Growth at a CAGR of 19.8% by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dry-age-related-macular-degeneration-seven-major-market-to-exhibit-growth-at-a-cagr-of-19-8–by-2034–delveinsight-302122965.html

  The dynamics of the dry AMD market are anticipated to change in the coming years owing to the improvement in the diagnosis methodologies, rising awareness of the disease, incremental healthcare spending across the world, and the expected launch of emerging therapies during the forecast period. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of dry AMD in 2023, with over 21 million cases; these cases are expected to increase during the forecast period. […] It has been reported that the prevalence of late-stage AMD increases with age. In Japan, it is observed that age-specific cases of geographic atrophy were most prevalent in the 85+ years age group, accounting for over 40% of total cases in 2023. […] The dry AMD market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 20202034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of AMD, Stage-specific (Early and Intermediate AMD and Late Stage (nAMD and GA)) Prevalent Cases of AMD, Total Prevalent Cases of Geographic Atrophy, Total Prevalent Cases of Dry AMD, Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Dry AMD, Age-specific Cases of Early and Intermediate AMD, Age-specific Cases of Geographic Atrophy, Geographic Atrophy Cases by Visual Impairment.

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