Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Interstitial Lung Disease: Stages, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17809-interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a term for a group of conditions that cause inflammation and scarring in your lungs. […] Care at Cleveland Clinic Interstitial Lung Disease Find a Doctor and Specialists Make an Appointment […] Treatment for ILD usually focuses on treating underlying disease and improving your symptoms. Your healthcare provider might prescribe physical therapy, supplemental oxygen or medication to reduce inflammation or slow down the disease. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with interstitial lung disease, the best way to take care of yourself is to make a plan with your healthcare provider to manage your symptoms and prevent further damage. […] See your healthcare provider if you’ve had increasing shortness of breath, shortness of breath with exercise or an ongoing dry cough. The outlook for interstitial lung disease is best if treated as soon as possible. […] Cleveland Clinics interstitial lung disease experts can help manage your symptoms.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1925

  Interstitial lung disease is a long-term (chronic) lung disease. It happens because of damage between the air sacs in the lung. The damage scars the lung and causes breathing problems. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Do not smoke. Smoking makes interstitial lung disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if your shortness of breath gets worse.

• #3 Interstitial Lung Disease: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.interstitial-lung-disease-care-instructions.zc1925

  Interstitial lung disease is a long-term (chronic) lung disease. It happens because of damage between the air sacs in the lung. The damage scars the lung and causes breathing problems. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Do not smoke. Smoking makes interstitial lung disease worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if your shortness of breath gets worse.

• #4 Interstitial Lung Disease & Pulmonary Hypertension for Nurses

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-7-interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-hypertension?srsltid=AfmBOoof2mXtz03GinExgpIR3fXeB9TnSgGBX8Lbi1BGQqDmWxuRy1si

  Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term used for a group of restrictive lung disorders that cause stiff and non-compliant lungs. […] The pathophysiology underlying this condition is chronic inflammation of the lungs that causes the replacement of healthy lung tissue with fibrotic scar tissue. […] There are a number of possible treatments to help someone suffering from a restrictive lung disorder like interstitial lung disease. These include oxygen therapy a treatment that provides the patient with extra oxygen to breathe, also called supplemental oxygen. Or we can administer anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids. In more extreme cases, a lung transplant may be necessary. […] When caring for a patient with pulmonary hypertension, options include administering oxygen or implementing fluid restrictions for right-sided heart failure, if indicated. […] Monitor the patient’s daily weight as weight gain is one of the first signs of fluid retention. […] Finally, encourage the patient to take frequent rest periods due to fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.

• #5 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #6 ILD Nurses Home | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses

  Pulmonary fibrosis is a significant threat across a broad range of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and calls for urgent identification and intervention. Nurses have a key role in supporting patients throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD, as well as facilitating and coordinating multidisciplinary care. […] Nurses play a key communication role within a multidisciplinary team in educating patients and their caregivers. […] Holistic supportive care can help aid symptom relief, physical and emotional wellbeing for patients with fibrotic ILD. […] Highlighting the potential roles of nurses in supporting patients and caregivers throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD.

• #7 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #8 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #9 Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment at University Hospitals | Expertise in Diagnosis and Care for ILD near Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/pulmonary-and-sleep-services/conditions-and-treatments/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad group of lung disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] ILD is a chronic condition that for the most part cannot be cured. However, treatments are available to slow disease progression, control symptoms and improve the quality of your life. […] Many ILDs have similar symptoms or look the same on a computed tomography (CT) scan, but its important to pinpoint the specific cause of the disease to determine the best course of treatment. […] ILD patients benefit from our teams ability to discuss diagnosis and treatment options from a variety of expert perspectives, to provide the best care. […] Our specialists actively involve patients in shared medical decisions and extensively educate patients on their diseases course and expectations. Supportive measures offered to all patients include oxygen assessment, updating their vaccinations and providing referrals for pulmonary rehabilitation.

• #10 Interstitial Lung Diseases | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/chronic-pulmonary-disorders/pulmonary-fibrosis/nuccio-interstitial-lung-diseases/

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a spectrum of related disorders and correctly diagnosing and treating this diverse group is a challenge to clinicians. […] The clinical assessment of a patient suspected of having ILD involves a thorough history and physical examination, chest radiograph, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, lung function testing (PFTs), and routine blood tests. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) also may be helpful. […] Obtaining a drug history can provide important information to aid in diagnosis. Drug and treatment-induced ILD is quite prevalent. […] Although it is not always possible to make a definitive diagnosis of ILD without an examination of actual lung tissue samples, lung biopsy is not necessary in all patients who are under the suspicion of having ILD. Biopsy can prove to be helpful in assessing disease activity, excluding certain processes that sometimes mimic interstitial diseases, and establishing a definitive diagnosis.

• #11 Interstitial Lung Disease – Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/pulmonary/patient-care/pulmonary-subspecialty-care/interstitial-lung-disease/

  Interstitial lung disease refers to a group of lung diseases characterized by scarring (fibrosis) and/or inflammation of the lungs that gradually progresses over time leading to shortness of breath. […] The University of North Carolina (UNC) Interstitial Lung Disease Center is dedicated to helping patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. […] Our mission is: To provide state of the art diagnostic testing, therapies, and care for patients with interstitial lung disease. […] To provide guidance to patients and to providers regarding the management of interstitial lung disease. […] To improve the diagnostic process and treatment options for interstitial lung diseases through research and clinical trials. […] The initial consultation process at the UNC ILD Clinic typically is as follows: Meet with clinic nurse for weight and vital signs.

• #12 Interstitial Lung Disease – Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/pulmonary/patient-care/pulmonary-subspecialty-care/interstitial-lung-disease/

  Interstitial lung disease refers to a group of lung diseases characterized by scarring (fibrosis) and/or inflammation of the lungs that gradually progresses over time leading to shortness of breath. […] The University of North Carolina (UNC) Interstitial Lung Disease Center is dedicated to helping patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. […] Our mission is: To provide state of the art diagnostic testing, therapies, and care for patients with interstitial lung disease. […] To provide guidance to patients and to providers regarding the management of interstitial lung disease. […] To improve the diagnostic process and treatment options for interstitial lung diseases through research and clinical trials. […] The initial consultation process at the UNC ILD Clinic typically is as follows: Meet with clinic nurse for weight and vital signs.

• #13 Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1343513-treatment

  Most patients are treated in an outpatient setting. Chest radiography, the 6-minute walk test, arterial blood gas determinations (ie, arterial oxygen tension [PaO2]), and pulmonary function tests (PFTs)especially forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)are monitored after therapy is started. Subspecialty consultations including pulmonologists and rheumatologist should be considered early in the management of these diseases. Transfer to a higher level of care is indicated if the diagnosis is in doubt or if treatment is ineffective. […] Educate patients about the natural history, progression, and treatment of the disease. Before any immunosuppressive medication is started, the potential adverse effects, the duration of therapy, and the chances of success should be discussed with the patient.

• #14 Interstitial Lung Diseases | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/chronic-pulmonary-disorders/pulmonary-fibrosis/nuccio-interstitial-lung-diseases/

  PFTs, including spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity, are necessary in determining the severity of the illness. Distinguishing between an obstructive and restrictive pattern is beneficial in narrowing down the possible diagnoses. […] ILDs, regardless of their etiologies, will progress, and as treatments are developed, the most benefit will be gained if begun early. […] Although treatment with corticosteroids is usually recommended for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), this therapy has failed to alter the outcomes in most patients. […] For patients who receive treatment and still experience progressive physiologic deterioration, single lung transplantation should be considered if established criteria are met and no contraindications to the procedure exist.

• #15 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  Lung disease leaves patients short of breath. Some days are worse than others. Often, because the patient has felt bad gradually over time, they dont recognize when their ILD is getting worse. Rosen says its important for caregivers to recognize if their loved one is having a consistently harder time breathing in general or with activity that wasnt a problem before. Chest pain is a warning sign, because those with ILD are at higher risk of pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. Caregivers should also take note of weight loss and diminished appetite, which can be signs of worsening disease. Caregivers should also keep an eye out for things like fatigue, depression and anxiety, as well as other ways that ILD can impact the patients life. […] The earlier a specific ILD is diagnosed, the better off the patient will be. Different forms of ILD respond to different medications that can vastly improve a patients prospects. Early, accurate diagnosis is important. In addition to establishing a diagnosis, ILD specialists understand that ILD patients can have other medical problems and can refer them to appropriate specialists.

• #16 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Continuous monitoring of respiratory status and oxygen saturation. […] Assess for signs of respiratory distress or hypoxemia. […] Evaluate the patients ability to perform activities of daily living. […] Monitor for complications such as respiratory infections or heart problems. […] Impaired Gas Exchange related to reduced lung volumes and decreased lung compliance. […] Activity Intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue. […] Anxiety related to chronic disease and breathlessness. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding disease process and self-management strategies. […] Respiratory Support: Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed and assist with non-invasive ventilation if needed. […] Rationale: To improve oxygenation and ease breathing effort. […] Energy Conservation Techniques: Educate on pacing activities and planning rest periods.

• #17 Interstitial Lung Disease & Pulmonary Hypertension for Nurses

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-7-interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-hypertension?srsltid=AfmBOoof2mXtz03GinExgpIR3fXeB9TnSgGBX8Lbi1BGQqDmWxuRy1si

  Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term used for a group of restrictive lung disorders that cause stiff and non-compliant lungs. […] The pathophysiology underlying this condition is chronic inflammation of the lungs that causes the replacement of healthy lung tissue with fibrotic scar tissue. […] There are a number of possible treatments to help someone suffering from a restrictive lung disorder like interstitial lung disease. These include oxygen therapy a treatment that provides the patient with extra oxygen to breathe, also called supplemental oxygen. Or we can administer anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids. In more extreme cases, a lung transplant may be necessary. […] When caring for a patient with pulmonary hypertension, options include administering oxygen or implementing fluid restrictions for right-sided heart failure, if indicated. […] Monitor the patient’s daily weight as weight gain is one of the first signs of fluid retention. […] Finally, encourage the patient to take frequent rest periods due to fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.

• #18 Interstitial Lung Disease – Los Angeles, CA | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/ild

  The many types of ILD require multiple approaches to treatment. We work closely with you to create an individualized plan. Whether you need medications, respiratory therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation or a lung transplant, you can expect world-class care tailored to your needs. […] We offer the full spectrum of support for people with ILD as well as loved ones and family members. Connecting with others who share your experience can improve your mental health. You also receive advice, practical information and access to helpful resources. […] Our ILD team works with you and other specialists to tailor a treatment plan to fit your needs. Depending on the type and severity of disease, we may take several approaches to help you manage symptoms and stay active. Treatments cannot repair scarring that has already occurred, but they can prevent further lung damage.

• #19 Interstitial Lung Disease Symptoms & Causes | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing the progression of the disease. Treatment options include oxygen therapy, inflammation control, antibiotics, lung transplant, and immune suppression. […] Inhaled oxygen is a common treatment for interstitial lung disease. Oxygen therapy can help to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. If you have interstitial lung disease, your doctor may prescribe regular oxygen therapy. Oxygen therapy involves inhaling oxygen through a mask or nasal cannula. The oxygen is typically delivered at a higher concentration than the air we breathe. […] Interstitial lung disease is often caused by inflammation in the lungs. Inflammation control is a key part of treatment. Treatment options include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Anti-inflammatory medications can usually be taken orally.

• #20 Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1343513-treatment

  In patients with suspected connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) (CTD-ILD), referral to a center with expertise in management of CTD-ILD is recommended. A multidisciplinary approach to help guide management includes collaboration with pulmonologists, rheumatologists, radiologists, and pathologists. Furthermore, referral to centers with expertise in pulmonary hypertension on lung transplantation may be required, depending on the individual clinical context. […] The treatment of CTD-ILD requires immunosuppression with either steroids or steroid-sparing agents. […] Lung transplantation may be an option for those with end-stage lung disease. […] Patients with CTD-ILD often present with poor quality of life; however, therapy is also associated with severe adverse effects. Thus, treatment is generally initiated when symptoms become clinically significant or progressive. The mainstay of therapy requires immunosuppression either through steroids or steroid-sparing agents.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2021/07000/management_and_support_of_patients_with_fibrosing.9.aspx

  NPs should ensure that patients given immunosuppressant therapy are aware of its potential adverse reactions, such as an increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal/liver toxicity, and of the requirement for regular monitoring of hepatic function, renal function, and blood counts. […] Education is vital to help patients understand their disease and set expectations regarding treatment and progression. […] NPs play a critical role in providing patients with accurate information and answering their questions. […] Supportive/palliative care should not be limited to end of life but provided throughout the patient journey, alongside pharmacologic treatments. […] NPs have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients understand their disease and its treatment, manage the adverse reactions of medication, and feel supported throughout the course of their disease.

• #22 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Together, we’ll review your test results, monitor your progress, and determine the best ways to treat you. […] In addition to your pulmonologist, who oversees your care plan, these team members include: […] Specialty pharmacists with expertise in ILD medications, including anti-fibrotic drugs. They can teach you about side effects or complications, and work with your health insurance provider to help obtain coverage. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation specialists who can teach you exercises that strengthen your lungs and improve your breathing. […] We also conduct clinical trials to evaluate promising new ILD medications or procedures. This gives our patients the opportunity to try the latest treatments before they’re widely available.

• #23 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  The more knowledge the caregiver can get about the lung disease, the better theyre going to be able to advocate for their loved one, said Rosen. That knowledge extends to managing medications and expectations about what those medications can do. Medications for ILD often do a good job of extending lives and slowing progression. But unlike a medication such as an antibiotic, they dont necessarily make you feel better. Over time, of course, slowing progression means youll feel better than you otherwise would have. Its important that caregivers help their loved ones understand that. […] Theres a lot for an ILD patient to process. Before a visit, Rosen suggests caregivers write down questions the patient would like to ask. During the visit, caregivers can make sure their loved one understands the care path, what to do and what not to do. Caregivers also should make sure their loved ones concerns are being addressed.

• #24 Interstitial lung disease – adults – discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm

  You were in the hospital to treat your breathing problems that are caused by interstitial lung disease. This disease scars your lungs, which makes it hard for your body to get enough oxygen. […] In the hospital, you received oxygen treatment. After you go home, you may need to keep using oxygen. Your health care provider may have given you a new medicine to treat your lungs. […] After you go home, follow instructions on taking care of yourself. Use the information below as a reminder. […] Ask your provider whether you need to use oxygen during your activities, and if so, how much. You may be told to keep your oxygen above 90%. You can measure this with an oximeter. This is a small device that measures your body’s oxygen level. […] Talk to your provider about whether you should do an exercise and conditioning program such as pulmonary rehabilitation.

• #25 Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/interstitial-lung-diseases/treatment-options

  Oxygen therapy does not stop the damage to the lungs associated with ILD, but it does have several benefits, including: Making it easier to breathe and exercise, Preventing or reducing the complications that can arise with low blood oxygen levels, Reducing the blood pressure in the right side of the heart, Improving sleep and general quality of life.

• #26 Nursing Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nursing-patients-with-interstitial-lung-disease-2-03-03-2008/

  Patients with ILD often have common problems that need further discussion. […] It is vital to have an open and honest discussion with the patient, explaining why it has been impossible to arrive at a conclusive diagnosis. […] It is important to assess all patients with breathlessness on exertion for exercise-induced hypoxia, particularly those diagnosed with IPF. […] Patients with an exercise capacity of over 300m may prefer to slow down or stop and rest in preference to using ambulatory oxygen. […] Managing with liquid oxygen outside the home is fundamental to learning how it can help in self-managing strategies with advancing disease and activities of daily living within the home. […] Ambulatory oxygen is the single most important supportive treatment we can offer patients with progressive ILD.

• #27 Interstitial lung disease – adults – discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm

  You were in the hospital to treat your breathing problems that are caused by interstitial lung disease. This disease scars your lungs, which makes it hard for your body to get enough oxygen. […] In the hospital, you received oxygen treatment. After you go home, you may need to keep using oxygen. Your health care provider may have given you a new medicine to treat your lungs. […] After you go home, follow instructions on taking care of yourself. Use the information below as a reminder. […] Ask your provider whether you need to use oxygen during your activities, and if so, how much. You may be told to keep your oxygen above 90%. You can measure this with an oximeter. This is a small device that measures your body’s oxygen level. […] Talk to your provider about whether you should do an exercise and conditioning program such as pulmonary rehabilitation.

• #28 Interstitial lung disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your interstitial lung disease-related health concerns […] Lung scarring that already has occurred in interstitial lung disease can’t be reversed, and treatment won’t always stop the disease from getting worse. Some treatments may make symptoms better for a short time or slow the disease. Others help maintain quality of life. […] The aim of pulmonary rehabilitation is to make you better able to function and live a full, satisfying life. That’s why pulmonary rehabilitation programs focus on: Learning more about your lung disease. Exercise, so you can become more physically active for longer periods of time. Breathing techniques that make your lungs more efficient. Emotional support. Nutritional counseling. […] A lung transplant may be an option of last resort for some people with severe interstitial lung disease when other treatment options haven’t helped.

• #29 Interstitial Lung Disease – Los Angeles, CA | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/ild

  The many types of ILD require multiple approaches to treatment. We work closely with you to create an individualized plan. Whether you need medications, respiratory therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation or a lung transplant, you can expect world-class care tailored to your needs. […] We offer the full spectrum of support for people with ILD as well as loved ones and family members. Connecting with others who share your experience can improve your mental health. You also receive advice, practical information and access to helpful resources. […] Our ILD team works with you and other specialists to tailor a treatment plan to fit your needs. Depending on the type and severity of disease, we may take several approaches to help you manage symptoms and stay active. Treatments cannot repair scarring that has already occurred, but they can prevent further lung damage.

• #30 Interstitial lung disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your interstitial lung disease-related health concerns […] Lung scarring that already has occurred in interstitial lung disease can’t be reversed, and treatment won’t always stop the disease from getting worse. Some treatments may make symptoms better for a short time or slow the disease. Others help maintain quality of life. […] The aim of pulmonary rehabilitation is to make you better able to function and live a full, satisfying life. That’s why pulmonary rehabilitation programs focus on: Learning more about your lung disease. Exercise, so you can become more physically active for longer periods of time. Breathing techniques that make your lungs more efficient. Emotional support. Nutritional counseling. […] A lung transplant may be an option of last resort for some people with severe interstitial lung disease when other treatment options haven’t helped.

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2021/07000/management_and_support_of_patients_with_fibrosing.9.aspx

  NPs should ensure that patients given immunosuppressant therapy are aware of its potential adverse reactions, such as an increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal/liver toxicity, and of the requirement for regular monitoring of hepatic function, renal function, and blood counts. […] Education is vital to help patients understand their disease and set expectations regarding treatment and progression. […] NPs play a critical role in providing patients with accurate information and answering their questions. […] Supportive/palliative care should not be limited to end of life but provided throughout the patient journey, alongside pharmacologic treatments. […] NPs have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients understand their disease and its treatment, manage the adverse reactions of medication, and feel supported throughout the course of their disease.

• #32 Patient Resources | Interstitial Lung Disease Program | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/ild/patient-resources.html

  As a new patient referred to Stanford’s Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) clinic, you will receive a packet of information before your appointment. […] Our physicians and nurses are specialized in the care of patients with ILDs and work with a network of other specialists at Stanford to provide comprehensive, compassionate, quality, state-of-the-art care. […] One of the most critical things we do for our patients is to provide them and their families the education around what exactly an Interstitial Lung Disease is, why they experience breathlessness and cough, and what to expect in terms of treatment and monitoring.

• #33

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00152193-202101000-00007&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=5737721

  Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive lung disease in which the cause cannot be determined. This article discusses restrictive lung diseases that fall under the general category of interstitial lung disease with a focus on IPF-a fatal disease characterized by progressive fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia, dyspnea, and decreasing pulmonary function. […] The intent of this article is to provide nurses with a better understanding of the overall disorder and care needed for people who have been diagnosed with a restrictive lung disease, particularly IPF. […] Management goals for patients with ILD and IPF include slowing the fibrotic process and relieving the patient’s dyspnea. […] Nursing care for patients like AC includes educating the patient and family about the disease process and recommending community resources for support. Education should include strategies for avoiding respiratory irritants such as dust, mold, and animal dander; performing optimal hand hygiene practices; and preventing respiratory infections by avoiding crowds and people who are sick.

• #34

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2021/07000/management_and_support_of_patients_with_fibrosing.9.aspx

  Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases have a variable clinical course. Regular monitoring is important to assess disease progression and inform patient care and counseling. NPs play a key role in helping patients understand their disease and its treatment and manage the adverse reactions of pharmacologic therapies. […] It is important that NPs and other clinicians provide patients with information about the clinical course typically associated with their specific diagnosis and address their questions about the severity, progression, and possible future course of their ILD as clearly as possible. […] NPs have a key role to play in helping patients understand the tests that they undergo during disease diagnosis and monitoring, treatment options, best ways to manage the disease, and the support that is available to them.

• #35 Interstitial lung disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113

  You must be actively involved in your own treatment and stay as healthy as possible when you’re living with interstitial lung disease. For that reason, it’s important to: Learn about your disease. Understanding your condition and how it can be treated can help you decide about your care. Including family members and friends can help them learn your needs. […] Living with a chronic lung disease is emotionally and physically challenging. You may need to change your daily routines and activities sometimes a lot as breathing problems worsen or health care needs become more important. Feelings of fear, anger and sadness are typical as you grieve for the loss of your old lifestyle and worry about what’s next for you and your family. […] Share your feelings with your loved ones and your healthcare professional. Talking openly may help you and your loved ones cope with the emotional challenges of your disease. Also, clear communication can help you and your family plan for your needs if your disease gets worse.

• #36 Interstitial lung disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113

  You must be actively involved in your own treatment and stay as healthy as possible when you’re living with interstitial lung disease. For that reason, it’s important to: Learn about your disease. Understanding your condition and how it can be treated can help you decide about your care. Including family members and friends can help them learn your needs. […] Living with a chronic lung disease is emotionally and physically challenging. You may need to change your daily routines and activities sometimes a lot as breathing problems worsen or health care needs become more important. Feelings of fear, anger and sadness are typical as you grieve for the loss of your old lifestyle and worry about what’s next for you and your family. […] Share your feelings with your loved ones and your healthcare professional. Talking openly may help you and your loved ones cope with the emotional challenges of your disease. Also, clear communication can help you and your family plan for your needs if your disease gets worse.

• #37 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/living-with

  If you have an ILD, it is important to continue your treatment plan. Talk to your healthcare provider about how often you need check-ups and how to monitor your condition. […] Following your treatment plan can help prevent these problems. Talk to your doctor if your symptoms change or get worse. […] Your doctor may ask you to take the following steps to help avoid complications: […] Get routine follow-up care. You may need repeated lung tests to see whether your lung damage is getting worse. Tell your doctor if your symptoms get worse or if you get new symptoms. […] If you have serious trouble breathing, call 9-1-1 immediately. […] If you have an ILD, you may worry about your lung damage and symptoms getting worse. You may also feel depressed and have trouble adjusting to your new lifestyle changes, such as using oxygen therapy.

• #38 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/living-with

  Talk about how you feel with your healthcare provider. Talking to a professional counselor or joining a patient support group also can help. […] Serious ILDs can lead to life-threatening complications. Palliative and hospice care may help people who have ILDs have a better quality of life with fewer symptoms. End-of-life care may also reduce the amount of time spent in the hospital.

• #39 Interstitial Lung Disease Program

  https://www.massgeneral.org/medicine/pulmonary/treatments-and-services/interstitial-lung-disease

  The interdisciplinary nature of our team offers many benefits for patients. We have the expertise to diagnose and treat the various forms of interstitial lung diseases and to address the complications of these disorders (e.g. sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension) that can greatly compromise quality of life. […] We also understand that life with interstitial lung disease can be challenging in ways best understood by fellow patients. We sponsor a monthly support group for patients and caregivers living with pulmonary fibrosis. […] We aim to cover all aspects of living well with pulmonary fibrosis; recent topics have included: […] Oxygen: Do I Need It? Should I Use It? […] Vaccines and Immunology. […] As part of a world-class academic medical center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine is continually preparing the next generation of leaders in academic pulmonary and critical care medicine. Fellows in the Pulmonary (Lung) and Critical Care Fellowship Program receive clinical and research training in interstitial lung diseases and all other major pulmonary conditions.

• #40 Nursing Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nursing-patients-with-interstitial-lung-disease-2-03-03-2008/

  Helping patients plan and work out ways to do things that are important to them can help them regain some control over their lives. […] Patients sometimes feel isolated and alone when dealing with advanced ILD. […] If channels of communication with patients have been kept open and the health professionals involved have been honest about their prognosis from the beginning, patients often realise when they are approaching the end of their lives as breathlessness and oxygen requirements increase. […] It is imperative that this treatment is used in conjunction with a dying pathway and opiates, so that when maximum flow and oxygen concentrations are reached, breathlessness can be treated by pharmacological means. […] With better understanding, nurses can develop models of care that will improve patients quality of life and benefit those who find it difficult to cope with these lung disorders.

• #41 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #42 Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/the-lung-institute/pulmonary-medicine/interstitial-lung-disease-clinic

  Baylor Medicines Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) program offers specialized and multidisciplinary care. […] Our collaborative nature ensures you have an individualized treatment plan that considers all aspects of your health. […] Patients will benefit from being seen at specialized centers that require close monitoring of specialized medications. Some of the patients may require lung transplantation. […] Our team consists of pulmonologists who offer expert care in this realm of diseases, along with trained specialist registered nurses, respiratory therapists, thoracic surgeons, chest radiologists, and pathologists.

• #43 Interstitial Lung Disease | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  The University of Kansas Health System offers comprehensive care for these rare diseases that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. […] Your interdisciplinary care team is comprised of pulmonologists with advanced training in interstitial lung disease, as well as dedicated respiratory therapists, thoracic radiologists, lung pathologists and rheumatologists. Together, these specialists offer unparalleled expertise in both diagnosis and treatment of IDL. They collaborate to ensure that you benefit from accurate diagnosis, comprehensive care, support services and the opportunity to participate in groundbreaking clinical trials.

• #44 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Together, we’ll review your test results, monitor your progress, and determine the best ways to treat you. […] In addition to your pulmonologist, who oversees your care plan, these team members include: […] Specialty pharmacists with expertise in ILD medications, including anti-fibrotic drugs. They can teach you about side effects or complications, and work with your health insurance provider to help obtain coverage. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation specialists who can teach you exercises that strengthen your lungs and improve your breathing. […] We also conduct clinical trials to evaluate promising new ILD medications or procedures. This gives our patients the opportunity to try the latest treatments before they’re widely available.

• #45 Interstitial Lung Disease | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/lung-pulmonary/ohio-states-lung-center/interstitial-lung-disease

  We work with expert thoracic radiologists and pathologists as well as specialists in rheumatology, cardiology, gastroenterology, thoracic surgery, transplant pulmonology and palliative medicine to provide comprehensive personalized treatment plans tailored to each individual’s goals. […] As a member of the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, we’re committed to advancing and improving the care of ILD patients through advocacy and education.

• #46 ILD Nurses Home | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses

  Pulmonary fibrosis is a significant threat across a broad range of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and calls for urgent identification and intervention. Nurses have a key role in supporting patients throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD, as well as facilitating and coordinating multidisciplinary care. […] Nurses play a key communication role within a multidisciplinary team in educating patients and their caregivers. […] Holistic supportive care can help aid symptom relief, physical and emotional wellbeing for patients with fibrotic ILD. […] Highlighting the potential roles of nurses in supporting patients and caregivers throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD.

• #47 Interstitial Lung Disease Center | Vanderbilt Health Nashville, TN

  https://www.vanderbilthealth.com/program/interstitial-lung-disease-center

  The Interstitial Lung Disease Center at Vanderbilt University Medical Center offers comprehensive care for all types of pulmonary fibrosis. Our pulmonologists have the expertise and experience to accurately diagnose your condition and develop a personalized care plan for you. […] Our pulmonologists work closely with physical therapists, pharmacists, nurses, palliative care specialists and other experts including your primary care doctor and referring pulmonologist to develop and coordinate your personalized care plan. […] At Vanderbilt, we understand that an interstitial lung disease diagnosis can be life-changing. Our team will guide you through your care plan. We can assist you with details such as scheduling pulmonary rehabilitation, getting oxygen delivered to your home, understanding your medications and informing you of financial support resources.

• #48 Supporting ILD patients | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses/ILD-nurses-role/supporting-ILD-patients-and-caregivers

  Nurses have an important role in supporting patients and caregivers from initial ILD diagnosis, continued management and to the final stages of care. […] Nurses have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients: Understand their disease and its treatment, Manage the adverse reactions of medication, Feel supported throughout the course of their disease. […] Nurses can provide some self-care tips for caregivers, as well as help them connect with their local carer support groups. These support groups can provide advice and help for the mental and practical challenges in providing care to a loved one. […] Caregivers have an important role in providing both physical and emotional support for loved ones living with chronic conditions, including fibrotic ILD.

• #49

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2021/07000/management_and_support_of_patients_with_fibrosing.9.aspx

  NPs should ensure that patients given immunosuppressant therapy are aware of its potential adverse reactions, such as an increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal/liver toxicity, and of the requirement for regular monitoring of hepatic function, renal function, and blood counts. […] Education is vital to help patients understand their disease and set expectations regarding treatment and progression. […] NPs play a critical role in providing patients with accurate information and answering their questions. […] Supportive/palliative care should not be limited to end of life but provided throughout the patient journey, alongside pharmacologic treatments. […] NPs have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients understand their disease and its treatment, manage the adverse reactions of medication, and feel supported throughout the course of their disease.

• #50

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00152193-202101000-00007&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=5737721

  Patients and their families should be encouraged to receive the pneumococcal vaccine and annual influenza vaccinations. […] To manage issues related to fatigue, increased work of breathing, and dyspnea, patients need to learn about energy conservation measures and breathing techniques (such as diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing). […] Depression, anxiety, and fatigue can increase stress and can make symptoms worse. […] Palliative care should be considered early in the disease process. […] Ongoing research on several fronts in the diagnosis and management of ILD and IPF may reduce the burden of these diseases and improve patient outcomes in the future.

• #51 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/living-with

  Talk about how you feel with your healthcare provider. Talking to a professional counselor or joining a patient support group also can help. […] Serious ILDs can lead to life-threatening complications. Palliative and hospice care may help people who have ILDs have a better quality of life with fewer symptoms. End-of-life care may also reduce the amount of time spent in the hospital.

• #52 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  Even with the best treatment strategies, ILD is associated with a decreased quality of life and can limit your abilities in many ways. Your healthcare team can provide a list of local resources and support groups that may help. […] It’s important to understand the full nature of your disease and what a worsening condition might look like. Sometimes, this may involve working with providers of palliative care (specialized care for people living with serious illness) or hospice care (end-of-life care).

• #53 Nursing Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nursing-patients-with-interstitial-lung-disease-2-03-03-2008/

  Helping patients plan and work out ways to do things that are important to them can help them regain some control over their lives. […] Patients sometimes feel isolated and alone when dealing with advanced ILD. […] If channels of communication with patients have been kept open and the health professionals involved have been honest about their prognosis from the beginning, patients often realise when they are approaching the end of their lives as breathlessness and oxygen requirements increase. […] It is imperative that this treatment is used in conjunction with a dying pathway and opiates, so that when maximum flow and oxygen concentrations are reached, breathlessness can be treated by pharmacological means. […] With better understanding, nurses can develop models of care that will improve patients quality of life and benefit those who find it difficult to cope with these lung disorders.

• #54 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #55 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Continuous monitoring of respiratory status and oxygen saturation. […] Assess for signs of respiratory distress or hypoxemia. […] Evaluate the patients ability to perform activities of daily living. […] Monitor for complications such as respiratory infections or heart problems. […] Impaired Gas Exchange related to reduced lung volumes and decreased lung compliance. […] Activity Intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue. […] Anxiety related to chronic disease and breathlessness. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding disease process and self-management strategies. […] Respiratory Support: Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed and assist with non-invasive ventilation if needed. […] Rationale: To improve oxygenation and ease breathing effort. […] Energy Conservation Techniques: Educate on pacing activities and planning rest periods.

• #56 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  Nursing management Limiting exposure of the patient to cigarette smoke and other inhaled irritants. Oxygen therapy for anaphylaxis. Supervised exercise Monitor respiratory and heart rate for any changes. Assess for changes in respiratory status such as cyanosis, pallor, changes in the level of consciousness, laboured breathing, tachypnea. Monitor ABG analysis. […] Assess the clients comfort level. Auscultate the lung for biphasic crackle sound. Monitor oxygen saturation level. Provide adequate rest between activities during the day. Place the client semi-fowler position. […] Nursing Diagnosis 1. Impaired gas exchange related to airway obstruction by alveolar inflammation and damage to the endothelium and damage to the alveolar epithelium as evidenced by shortness of breath. 2. Ineffective airway clearance related to consolidation as evidenced by breathlessness. 3. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to decrease intake of food as evidenced by weight loss.

• #57 Interstitial Lung Disease & Pulmonary Hypertension for Nurses

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-7-interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-hypertension?srsltid=AfmBOoof2mXtz03GinExgpIR3fXeB9TnSgGBX8Lbi1BGQqDmWxuRy1si

  Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term used for a group of restrictive lung disorders that cause stiff and non-compliant lungs. […] The pathophysiology underlying this condition is chronic inflammation of the lungs that causes the replacement of healthy lung tissue with fibrotic scar tissue. […] There are a number of possible treatments to help someone suffering from a restrictive lung disorder like interstitial lung disease. These include oxygen therapy a treatment that provides the patient with extra oxygen to breathe, also called supplemental oxygen. Or we can administer anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids. In more extreme cases, a lung transplant may be necessary. […] When caring for a patient with pulmonary hypertension, options include administering oxygen or implementing fluid restrictions for right-sided heart failure, if indicated. […] Monitor the patient’s daily weight as weight gain is one of the first signs of fluid retention. […] Finally, encourage the patient to take frequent rest periods due to fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.

• #58 Interstitial lung disease: clinical features and management | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/interstitial-lung-disease-clinical-features-and-management-21-06-2005/

  Caring for patients with an interstitial lung disease is a major challenge to the nurse, as the course of the disease can be uncertain and it is often the nurse who provides support, education and counselling. Patients require information about patho-physiology, the progression of the disease, treatment, and an explanation of any diagnostic procedures. […] The experience of breathlessness can have a profound impact on quality of life, affecting almost every activity of daily living and requires a multidisciplinary, patient-centred approach (Stent, 2001). Teaching effective breathing patterns can reduce the fear of dyspnoea, reduce the work of breathing and promote adequate gas exchange for normal daily activities (Lynes and Kelly, 2003).

• #59 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  Nursing management Limiting exposure of the patient to cigarette smoke and other inhaled irritants. Oxygen therapy for anaphylaxis. Supervised exercise Monitor respiratory and heart rate for any changes. Assess for changes in respiratory status such as cyanosis, pallor, changes in the level of consciousness, laboured breathing, tachypnea. Monitor ABG analysis. […] Assess the clients comfort level. Auscultate the lung for biphasic crackle sound. Monitor oxygen saturation level. Provide adequate rest between activities during the day. Place the client semi-fowler position. […] Nursing Diagnosis 1. Impaired gas exchange related to airway obstruction by alveolar inflammation and damage to the endothelium and damage to the alveolar epithelium as evidenced by shortness of breath. 2. Ineffective airway clearance related to consolidation as evidenced by breathlessness. 3. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to decrease intake of food as evidenced by weight loss.

• #60 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/living-with

  If you have an ILD, it is important to continue your treatment plan. Talk to your healthcare provider about how often you need check-ups and how to monitor your condition. […] Following your treatment plan can help prevent these problems. Talk to your doctor if your symptoms change or get worse. […] Your doctor may ask you to take the following steps to help avoid complications: […] Get routine follow-up care. You may need repeated lung tests to see whether your lung damage is getting worse. Tell your doctor if your symptoms get worse or if you get new symptoms. […] If you have serious trouble breathing, call 9-1-1 immediately. […] If you have an ILD, you may worry about your lung damage and symptoms getting worse. You may also feel depressed and have trouble adjusting to your new lifestyle changes, such as using oxygen therapy.

• #61

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00152193-202101000-00007&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=5737721

  Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive lung disease in which the cause cannot be determined. This article discusses restrictive lung diseases that fall under the general category of interstitial lung disease with a focus on IPF-a fatal disease characterized by progressive fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia, dyspnea, and decreasing pulmonary function. […] The intent of this article is to provide nurses with a better understanding of the overall disorder and care needed for people who have been diagnosed with a restrictive lung disease, particularly IPF. […] Management goals for patients with ILD and IPF include slowing the fibrotic process and relieving the patient’s dyspnea. […] Nursing care for patients like AC includes educating the patient and family about the disease process and recommending community resources for support. Education should include strategies for avoiding respiratory irritants such as dust, mold, and animal dander; performing optimal hand hygiene practices; and preventing respiratory infections by avoiding crowds and people who are sick.

• #62 Interstitial lung disease – adults – discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm

  Take all the medicines that your provider prescribed for you. […] Get a flu shot every year. Ask your provider if you should get a pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccine and a COVID-19 vaccine. […] Your hospital provider may ask you to make a follow-up visit with a respiratory therapist who can teach you breathing exercises and how to use your oxygen. […] Contact your provider if your breathing is getting harder, faster than before, or shallow, and you cannot get a deep breath.

• #63 Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1343513-treatment

  Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids leads to a large number of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, and psychiatric disease. Therefore, all efforts should be made to decrease the steroid burden as soon as possible. […] However, immunosuppressive agents are not without risk either. For example, cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic immunosuppressant, has been shown to cause hemorrhagic cystitis and is even associated with malignancy. Because the CTD-ILDs are a heterogeneous population, the addition of steroid-sparing medications should be considered, depending on the CTD being treated. Lastly, if a patient shows a progressive deterioration in lung function or shows no slowing in this decline, discontinuation of the immunosuppressive medications should be considered.

• #64 Interstitial lung disease: raising the index of suspicion in primary care | npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/npjpcrm201454

  PCPs treating patients with ILD should address comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH) and emphysema. […] The majority of patients with ILD should have the opportunity for referral to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. […] At present, lung transplant is the only therapy that has been shown to improve survival in patients with IPF, but it is available only to selected patients. […] Prompt diagnosis of IPF also makes it more likely that a patient will meet the criteria for participation in a clinical trial; most clinical trials in IPF are restricted to patients with mild or moderate impairment of lung function. […] PCPs have a key role to play in expediting the diagnosis of ILD by referring middle-aged/elderly patients with unexplained chronic dyspnoea and cough who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for other diseases to an ILD centre or pulmonologist with expertise in this group of disorders.

• #65 Interstitial Lung Disease & Pulmonary Hypertension for Nurses

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-7-interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-hypertension?srsltid=AfmBOoof2mXtz03GinExgpIR3fXeB9TnSgGBX8Lbi1BGQqDmWxuRy1si

  Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term used for a group of restrictive lung disorders that cause stiff and non-compliant lungs. […] The pathophysiology underlying this condition is chronic inflammation of the lungs that causes the replacement of healthy lung tissue with fibrotic scar tissue. […] There are a number of possible treatments to help someone suffering from a restrictive lung disorder like interstitial lung disease. These include oxygen therapy a treatment that provides the patient with extra oxygen to breathe, also called supplemental oxygen. Or we can administer anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids. In more extreme cases, a lung transplant may be necessary. […] When caring for a patient with pulmonary hypertension, options include administering oxygen or implementing fluid restrictions for right-sided heart failure, if indicated. […] Monitor the patient’s daily weight as weight gain is one of the first signs of fluid retention. […] Finally, encourage the patient to take frequent rest periods due to fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.

• #66 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  Supporting a loved one with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the pulmonary fibrosis (scarring) it causes is a true labor of love. Its also a job most caregivers take on without formal training. Katherine Rosen, RN, MSN, ANP-C, a nurse practitioner at the National Jewish Health Center for Interstitial Lung Disease in Denver, Colorado, has much experience working with patients with ILD and with their caregivers. She leads an ILD/pulmonary fibrosis caregiver support group at National Jewish Health. Here are a few of her insights on caring for someone with ILD. […] Yes, there will be a primary caregiver. But it takes a team to support someone with ILD. That secondary support can be as simple as being available to help move something heavy or to step in when the primary caregiver often a spouse needs a break. I think its really important for that spouse to have their own team, Rosen says.

• #67 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  The more knowledge the caregiver can get about the lung disease, the better theyre going to be able to advocate for their loved one, said Rosen. That knowledge extends to managing medications and expectations about what those medications can do. Medications for ILD often do a good job of extending lives and slowing progression. But unlike a medication such as an antibiotic, they dont necessarily make you feel better. Over time, of course, slowing progression means youll feel better than you otherwise would have. Its important that caregivers help their loved ones understand that. […] Theres a lot for an ILD patient to process. Before a visit, Rosen suggests caregivers write down questions the patient would like to ask. During the visit, caregivers can make sure their loved one understands the care path, what to do and what not to do. Caregivers also should make sure their loved ones concerns are being addressed.

• #68 Supporting ILD patients | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses/ILD-nurses-role/supporting-ILD-patients-and-caregivers

  Nurses have an important role in supporting patients and caregivers from initial ILD diagnosis, continued management and to the final stages of care. […] Nurses have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients: Understand their disease and its treatment, Manage the adverse reactions of medication, Feel supported throughout the course of their disease. […] Nurses can provide some self-care tips for caregivers, as well as help them connect with their local carer support groups. These support groups can provide advice and help for the mental and practical challenges in providing care to a loved one. […] Caregivers have an important role in providing both physical and emotional support for loved ones living with chronic conditions, including fibrotic ILD.

• #69 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  The more knowledge the caregiver can get about the lung disease, the better theyre going to be able to advocate for their loved one, said Rosen. That knowledge extends to managing medications and expectations about what those medications can do. Medications for ILD often do a good job of extending lives and slowing progression. But unlike a medication such as an antibiotic, they dont necessarily make you feel better. Over time, of course, slowing progression means youll feel better than you otherwise would have. Its important that caregivers help their loved ones understand that. […] Theres a lot for an ILD patient to process. Before a visit, Rosen suggests caregivers write down questions the patient would like to ask. During the visit, caregivers can make sure their loved one understands the care path, what to do and what not to do. Caregivers also should make sure their loved ones concerns are being addressed.

• #70 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  Supporting a loved one with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the pulmonary fibrosis (scarring) it causes is a true labor of love. Its also a job most caregivers take on without formal training. Katherine Rosen, RN, MSN, ANP-C, a nurse practitioner at the National Jewish Health Center for Interstitial Lung Disease in Denver, Colorado, has much experience working with patients with ILD and with their caregivers. She leads an ILD/pulmonary fibrosis caregiver support group at National Jewish Health. Here are a few of her insights on caring for someone with ILD. […] Yes, there will be a primary caregiver. But it takes a team to support someone with ILD. That secondary support can be as simple as being available to help move something heavy or to step in when the primary caregiver often a spouse needs a break. I think its really important for that spouse to have their own team, Rosen says.

• #71 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  Exercise doesnt have to be strenuous walking is enough. Going on walks together can be good for caregiver and patient alike, explains Rosen, because its actually a good way for that caregiver to take care of themselves as well. […] Caregivers can help shield patients from unjust public scrutiny and offer solace should it happen. […] There will be things your loved one can no longer do, and those activities will evolve over time. Match expectations with reality. Think about what you and your loved one can do to improve their quality of life within the bounds of the possible. […] Caregiving for a loved one with ILD is a tough job, and you cant clock out. Sometimes its hard to know just what to do. […] Taking care of yourself also means getting enough sleep, getting enough exercise and eating right. If you have chronic health issues, stay on top of them. And dont be afraid to reach out to those youve tapped as part of the caregiving team for a break when you need it.

• #72 Supporting ILD patients | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses/ILD-nurses-role/supporting-ILD-patients-and-caregivers

  Nurses have an important role in supporting patients and caregivers from initial ILD diagnosis, continued management and to the final stages of care. […] Nurses have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients: Understand their disease and its treatment, Manage the adverse reactions of medication, Feel supported throughout the course of their disease. […] Nurses can provide some self-care tips for caregivers, as well as help them connect with their local carer support groups. These support groups can provide advice and help for the mental and practical challenges in providing care to a loved one. […] Caregivers have an important role in providing both physical and emotional support for loved ones living with chronic conditions, including fibrotic ILD.

• #73 Caring for Someone with ILD

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/caring-for-someone-with-ild

  Exercise doesnt have to be strenuous walking is enough. Going on walks together can be good for caregiver and patient alike, explains Rosen, because its actually a good way for that caregiver to take care of themselves as well. […] Caregivers can help shield patients from unjust public scrutiny and offer solace should it happen. […] There will be things your loved one can no longer do, and those activities will evolve over time. Match expectations with reality. Think about what you and your loved one can do to improve their quality of life within the bounds of the possible. […] Caregiving for a loved one with ILD is a tough job, and you cant clock out. Sometimes its hard to know just what to do. […] Taking care of yourself also means getting enough sleep, getting enough exercise and eating right. If you have chronic health issues, stay on top of them. And dont be afraid to reach out to those youve tapped as part of the caregiving team for a break when you need it.

• #74 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Continuous monitoring of respiratory status and oxygen saturation. […] Assess for signs of respiratory distress or hypoxemia. […] Evaluate the patients ability to perform activities of daily living. […] Monitor for complications such as respiratory infections or heart problems. […] Impaired Gas Exchange related to reduced lung volumes and decreased lung compliance. […] Activity Intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue. […] Anxiety related to chronic disease and breathlessness. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding disease process and self-management strategies. […] Respiratory Support: Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed and assist with non-invasive ventilation if needed. […] Rationale: To improve oxygenation and ease breathing effort. […] Energy Conservation Techniques: Educate on pacing activities and planning rest periods.

• #75 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  Nursing management Limiting exposure of the patient to cigarette smoke and other inhaled irritants. Oxygen therapy for anaphylaxis. Supervised exercise Monitor respiratory and heart rate for any changes. Assess for changes in respiratory status such as cyanosis, pallor, changes in the level of consciousness, laboured breathing, tachypnea. Monitor ABG analysis. […] Assess the clients comfort level. Auscultate the lung for biphasic crackle sound. Monitor oxygen saturation level. Provide adequate rest between activities during the day. Place the client semi-fowler position. […] Nursing Diagnosis 1. Impaired gas exchange related to airway obstruction by alveolar inflammation and damage to the endothelium and damage to the alveolar epithelium as evidenced by shortness of breath. 2. Ineffective airway clearance related to consolidation as evidenced by breathlessness. 3. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to decrease intake of food as evidenced by weight loss.

• #76 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Continuous monitoring of respiratory status and oxygen saturation. […] Assess for signs of respiratory distress or hypoxemia. […] Evaluate the patients ability to perform activities of daily living. […] Monitor for complications such as respiratory infections or heart problems. […] Impaired Gas Exchange related to reduced lung volumes and decreased lung compliance. […] Activity Intolerance related to dyspnea and fatigue. […] Anxiety related to chronic disease and breathlessness. […] Knowledge Deficit regarding disease process and self-management strategies. […] Respiratory Support: Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed and assist with non-invasive ventilation if needed. […] Rationale: To improve oxygenation and ease breathing effort. […] Energy Conservation Techniques: Educate on pacing activities and planning rest periods.

• #77 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Rationale: To minimize fatigue and optimize function. […] Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Refer to pulmonary rehabilitation for exercise, breathing techniques, and education. […] Rationale: To enhance lung capacity and improve quality of life. […] Emotional and Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and counseling or referrals as needed. […] Rationale: To address anxiety and coping with chronic illness. […] Patient and Family Education: Educate about disease process, progression, and self-care strategies. […] Rationale: To enhance understanding and promote effective self-management. […] Monitor for improved or stable respiratory function. […] Assess for effectiveness of symptom management strategies. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of the disease and self-care practices. […] Monitor for complications or worsening of the condition.

• #78 Nursing Care Plan for Restrictive Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Neuromuscular Disorders) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-restrictive-lung-diseases-pulmonary-fibrosis-neuromuscular-disorders

  Rationale: To minimize fatigue and optimize function. […] Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Refer to pulmonary rehabilitation for exercise, breathing techniques, and education. […] Rationale: To enhance lung capacity and improve quality of life. […] Emotional and Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and counseling or referrals as needed. […] Rationale: To address anxiety and coping with chronic illness. […] Patient and Family Education: Educate about disease process, progression, and self-care strategies. […] Rationale: To enhance understanding and promote effective self-management. […] Monitor for improved or stable respiratory function. […] Assess for effectiveness of symptom management strategies. […] Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of the disease and self-care practices. […] Monitor for complications or worsening of the condition.

• #79 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess for drug side effects, especially adverse responses to corticosteroids (such as weight gain, change in mood, and development of diabetes mellitus). Assess for manifestations of improvement, such as increased exercise tolerance, disappearance of initial assessment findings, improvement of pulmonary function studies and better oxygenation. If assessment findings worsen, document them and notify the physician.

• #80 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess for drug side effects, especially adverse responses to corticosteroids (such as weight gain, change in mood, and development of diabetes mellitus). Assess for manifestations of improvement, such as increased exercise tolerance, disappearance of initial assessment findings, improvement of pulmonary function studies and better oxygenation. If assessment findings worsen, document them and notify the physician.

• #81 Interstitial lung disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/interstitial-lung-disease-233462882/233462882

  NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess for drug side effects, especially adverse responses to corticosteroids (such as weight gain, change in mood, and development of diabetes mellitus). Assess for manifestations of improvement, such as increased exercise tolerance, disappearance of initial assessment findings, improvement of pulmonary function studies and better oxygenation. If assessment findings worsen, document them and notify the physician.

• #82 Get Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/interstitial-lung-disease-treatment

  Interstitial lung disease includes 200 conditions ranging from mild to severe. […] Our goal is to elevate your quality of life. […] You’ll have a care team of expert healthcare providers from different specialties, selected just for you based on your symptoms, needs and goals. […] While we can’t cure interstitial lung disease, we can help you manage it by improving your symptoms and quality of life. […] You’ll have a highly personalized treatment plan that considers what’s causing your interstitial lung disease, how badly your symptoms affect your life and your overall health and lifestyle. […] Our respiratory and physical therapists can help improve your quality of life through pulmonary rehabilitation. […] If we discover your lungs aren’t providing enough blood and oxygen to your blood and tissues, we may prescribe extra oxygen for you. […] If ILDs severely damaged your lungs and other treatments don’t help, your providers may explore the possibility of a lung transplant.

• #83 Interstitial Lung Disease – Los Angeles, CA | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/ild

  The many types of ILD require multiple approaches to treatment. We work closely with you to create an individualized plan. Whether you need medications, respiratory therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation or a lung transplant, you can expect world-class care tailored to your needs. […] We offer the full spectrum of support for people with ILD as well as loved ones and family members. Connecting with others who share your experience can improve your mental health. You also receive advice, practical information and access to helpful resources. […] Our ILD team works with you and other specialists to tailor a treatment plan to fit your needs. Depending on the type and severity of disease, we may take several approaches to help you manage symptoms and stay active. Treatments cannot repair scarring that has already occurred, but they can prevent further lung damage.

• #84 ILD Nurses Home | PulmonaryFibrosis360.com

  https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis360.com/nurses

  Pulmonary fibrosis is a significant threat across a broad range of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and calls for urgent identification and intervention. Nurses have a key role in supporting patients throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD, as well as facilitating and coordinating multidisciplinary care. […] Nurses play a key communication role within a multidisciplinary team in educating patients and their caregivers. […] Holistic supportive care can help aid symptom relief, physical and emotional wellbeing for patients with fibrotic ILD. […] Highlighting the potential roles of nurses in supporting patients and caregivers throughout their journey with fibrotic ILD.

• #85 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The role of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is evolving in response to clinical guidelines and the growth of clinical research. […] Symptom management and palliative care are the hallmarks of ILD clinical nurse specialist (CNS) management. The key focus is on assessing and managing breathlessness, fatigue, cough and psychological distress. […] The ILD CNS plays a key role in coordinating care and liaising with the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a quality statement in 2015 recommending that minimally People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an ILD specialist nurse available to them. […] Given the mortality, morbidity, co-morbidities and complexities associated with ILDs, nursing staff require a technical skill set in-keeping with Masters level (critical) thinking.

• #86

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2021/07000/management_and_support_of_patients_with_fibrosing.9.aspx

  NPs should ensure that patients given immunosuppressant therapy are aware of its potential adverse reactions, such as an increased risk of infection, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal/liver toxicity, and of the requirement for regular monitoring of hepatic function, renal function, and blood counts. […] Education is vital to help patients understand their disease and set expectations regarding treatment and progression. […] NPs play a critical role in providing patients with accurate information and answering their questions. […] Supportive/palliative care should not be limited to end of life but provided throughout the patient journey, alongside pharmacologic treatments. […] NPs have a key role to play within a multidisciplinary care team in helping patients understand their disease and its treatment, manage the adverse reactions of medication, and feel supported throughout the course of their disease.

• #87 Nursing Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nursing-patients-with-interstitial-lung-disease-2-03-03-2008/

  Helping patients plan and work out ways to do things that are important to them can help them regain some control over their lives. […] Patients sometimes feel isolated and alone when dealing with advanced ILD. […] If channels of communication with patients have been kept open and the health professionals involved have been honest about their prognosis from the beginning, patients often realise when they are approaching the end of their lives as breathlessness and oxygen requirements increase. […] It is imperative that this treatment is used in conjunction with a dying pathway and opiates, so that when maximum flow and oxygen concentrations are reached, breathlessness can be treated by pharmacological means. […] With better understanding, nurses can develop models of care that will improve patients quality of life and benefit those who find it difficult to cope with these lung disorders.

• #88 Contemporary challenges for specialist nursing in interstitial lung disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832013/

  The ILD CNS role thus appears to be even more closely aligned with advanced level nursing practice. […] The ILD interdisciplinary and nurse network has identified key priorities to secure the future of the ILD clinical and academic nurse specialism: 1) develop sustainable high-quality standardised training in ILD; 2) provide a forum to share best practice; 3) lobby for all ILD CNS to be remunerated at agenda for change band 7 in the UK ensuring equity across this specialism; 4) strengthen the interdisciplinary approach through joint working and research; and 5) invest in mentorship, such as supporting the new ILD interdisciplinary workforce, retaining the existing highly skilled workforce and developing research skills.

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