Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a heterogeneous and complex group of conditions characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, or both, in the interstitium of the lungs. This results in impaired gas exchange, leading to a worsening of respiratory symptoms and a decline in lung function. While the etiology of some ILDs is unclear, most cases can be traced back to factors such as genetic predispositions, environmental exposures (including allergens, toxins, and air pollution), underlying autoimmune diseases, or the use of certain medications. […] Most ILD cases result from an etiological factor, such as exposure to allergens, hazardous material, asbestos, drugs or an underlying autoimmune disease. […] The development of these cases is a complex process that is influenced by a variety of factors, including the individual’s genetic traits, and exposure to environmental pollutants.

• #2 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD), sometimes called diffused parenchymal diseases, describes a heterogeneous collection of distinctive lung disorders classified on the grounds of shared clinical, radiographic, physiologic or pathologic factors. […] The classification system used to describe interstitial lung disease categorizes conditions based on clinical, histopathological or radiologic parameters. Clinical classification groups ILD by its causes to help differentiate exogenous or endogenous factors. […] Long-term exposure to occupational or environmental agents can have a toxic effect on the lungs. Common agents are mineral dust, organic dust, and toxic gases. […] Connective tissue diseases and vasculitides affect all areas of the lungs (bronchioles, parenchyma, alveoles) which is why interstitial lung disease is a common feature of rheumatology diseases.

• #3 Interstitial Lung Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Types

  https://www.healthline.com/health/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease includes over 200 different conditions that cause inflammation and scarring around the balloon-like air sacs in your lungs, called the alveoli. […] Many times, doctors cant find the cause of interstitial lung disease. In these cases, the condition is called idiopathic interstitial lung disease. […] Other causes of interstitial lung disease include medical conditions, the use of some medications, or exposure to toxic substances that damage your lungs. […] These causes of interstitial lung disease are grouped into three main categories: […] Exposure to the following substances at work or in the environment can cause lung scarring as well: […] Other causes of interstitial lung disease include certain autoimmune conditions and dust, mold, or irritants in your environment.

• #4 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  ILDs are caused by damage to your lungs from things in your environment, your lifestyle habits, or another health condition. […] When you injure your lungs, your body will normally repair the damage and heal your lungs. If the injury leads to an ILD, the healing process stops working correctly over time. […] Many things can damage your lungs and raise your risk of an ILD. […] You have a higher risk of ILDs if a close relative has an ILD. Mutations, or changes in your genes, can make you more likely to develop scar tissue in your lungs. […] Exposure to mold, chemicals, or bacteria at work or in your environment can damage your lungs. […] Smoking can damage your lungs or make lung damage worse. […] Conditions such as sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases, connective tissue disorders, and viral infections such as COVID-19 can damage your lungs.

• #5 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  You can’t prevent every type of ILD, especially those linked to family history, genetics, and autoimmune diseases. Healthy lifestyle choices can help you avoid preventable causes, though. […] Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term for the many conditions that cause scarring in your lungs. When your lungs are injured and scarred, they become less effective in moving oxygen and other gases in and out of your body.

• #6 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #7 Interstitial Lung Disease: Stages, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17809-interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be caused by medication, radiation therapy, connective tissue diseases or inhaling harmful substances. […] The causes of interstitial lung disease are usually described as known or unknown. A known cause is when ILD happens because of a disease you’re living with or something you were exposed to, like certain medications, radiation or harmful substances. […] Known causes of interstitial lung disease include: Connective tissue disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus and scleroderma. […] Inhaling certain substances, like asbestos, silica, tobacco and beryllium. […] When your healthcare provider can’t find the cause of interstitial lung disease, it’s called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. […] The most common ILD with an unknown cause is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

• #8 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases […] Autoimmune disorders […] Autoimmune myositis/anti-synthetase syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjgren syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) […] Organic dust […] Bird droppings and molds […] Drug-related […] Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, gold, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, and sulfonamides […] Chemical-related […] Aluminum powder, asbestos, beryllium, metals, sulfur dioxide, talc […] Genetic disorders […] Fabry disease, familial pulmonary fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Niemann-Pick disease (rare), pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and tuberous sclerosis

• #9 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  The cause of these idiopathic conditions remains elusive, but their progression tends to be characterized by persistent and often worsening fibrosis, functional lung impairment, and a declining prognosis. […] Although specific causes are unknown, environmental factors, toxins and genetics contribute to CTD-ILD. […] Environmental and occupational exposures represent a significant cause of certain ILDs. Long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as silica dust, asbestos fibers, and specific animal droppings can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung tissue, resulting in conditions such as silicosis, asbestosis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] A growing body of evidence shows that genetic factors play a role in some of ILD onset. […] It is now understood that certain inherited traits, such as rare pathogenic variants in genes associated with telomere maintenance and surfactant production, common single nucleotide polymorphisms, and reduced leukocyte telomere length can contribute to an increased risk of ILD.

• #10 Interstitial Lung Disease | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. […] Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. […] Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. […] Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.

• #11 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #12 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD), sometimes called diffused parenchymal diseases, describes a heterogeneous collection of distinctive lung disorders classified on the grounds of shared clinical, radiographic, physiologic or pathologic factors. […] The classification system used to describe interstitial lung disease categorizes conditions based on clinical, histopathological or radiologic parameters. Clinical classification groups ILD by its causes to help differentiate exogenous or endogenous factors. […] Long-term exposure to occupational or environmental agents can have a toxic effect on the lungs. Common agents are mineral dust, organic dust, and toxic gases. […] Connective tissue diseases and vasculitides affect all areas of the lungs (bronchioles, parenchyma, alveoles) which is why interstitial lung disease is a common feature of rheumatology diseases.

• #13 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Certain factors increase the chance of developing an ILD. Doctors classify ILDs by the identifiable cause. […] The largest category of ILDs is when scarring develops in the lungs for unknown reasons. […] You are more likely to develop an ILD if you have a close relative with one. You may carry specific gene variations or mutations that make your lungs more susceptible to developing scar tissue. […] Researchers know that smoking can cause ILD. It can also make the disease progress faster. Smoking is a common habit among people who develop ILD. […] Long-term exposure to environmental or occupational materials can have damaging effects on the lungs. […] Certain health conditions increase the chance of developing an ILD. Conditions include: rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus. […] Certain medical treatments like radiation, chemotherapy, and over 350 medications increase a person’s chance of lung damage, including ILD. […] Many times, the cause of ILD is unknown. Inhaling toxins, including cigarette smoke, and occupational dusts appear to be major causes.

• #14 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  ILDs are caused by damage to your lungs from things in your environment, your lifestyle habits, or another health condition. […] When you injure your lungs, your body will normally repair the damage and heal your lungs. If the injury leads to an ILD, the healing process stops working correctly over time. […] Many things can damage your lungs and raise your risk of an ILD. […] You have a higher risk of ILDs if a close relative has an ILD. Mutations, or changes in your genes, can make you more likely to develop scar tissue in your lungs. […] Exposure to mold, chemicals, or bacteria at work or in your environment can damage your lungs. […] Smoking can damage your lungs or make lung damage worse. […] Conditions such as sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases, connective tissue disorders, and viral infections such as COVID-19 can damage your lungs.

• #15 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Cigarette smoking is a notable contributing cause of ILD and a significant contributor to numerous diseases and deaths. […] Smoking has been associated with a million deaths in the previous century, and could result in over 1 billion deaths in the current century. […] Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of IPF. […] Several studies have established air pollution as a risk factor for the development and progression of ILD. […] Occupational exposure to certain substances has been shown to contribute to various types of ILD, although the majority of occupational exposure takes time to show symptoms.

• #16 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Cigarette smoking is a notable contributing cause of ILD and a significant contributor to numerous diseases and deaths. […] Smoking has been associated with a million deaths in the previous century, and could result in over 1 billion deaths in the current century. […] Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of IPF. […] Several studies have established air pollution as a risk factor for the development and progression of ILD. […] Occupational exposure to certain substances has been shown to contribute to various types of ILD, although the majority of occupational exposure takes time to show symptoms.

• #17 Interstitial lung disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_lung_disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. […] It may occur when an injury to the lungs triggers an abnormal healing response. […] ILD may be classified as to whether its cause is not known (idiopathic) or known (secondary). […] Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is the term given to ILDs with an unknown cause. […] They represent the majority of cases of interstitial lung diseases (up to two-thirds of cases). […] Secondary ILDs are those diseases with a known etiology, including: […] Connective tissue related disease represents approximately 25% of all cases of ILD. […] Inhaled substances (pneumoconiosis) […] Drug-induced […] Infection […] Malignancy

• #18 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #19 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #20 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #21 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #22 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases […] Autoimmune disorders […] Autoimmune myositis/anti-synthetase syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjgren syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) […] Organic dust […] Bird droppings and molds […] Drug-related […] Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, gold, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, and sulfonamides […] Chemical-related […] Aluminum powder, asbestos, beryllium, metals, sulfur dioxide, talc […] Genetic disorders […] Fabry disease, familial pulmonary fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Niemann-Pick disease (rare), pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and tuberous sclerosis

• #23 13. Interstitial Lung Disease | Hospital Handbook

  https://hospitalhandbook.ucsf.edu/13-interstitial-lung-disease/13-interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can be classified as having known (e.g., environmental exposure) and unknown (e.g., idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) causes. […] Environmental and occupational exposures: Inorganic dust: asbestos, silica, beryllium, hard metals. […] Organic dust (hypersensitivity pneumonitides): thermophilic bacteria (humidifier lung, farmers lung), avian antigens (pigeon fanciers lung), fungi (Aspergillus). […] Gases, fumes, vapors, including exposure to e-cigarettes/vaping. […] Drug-related: chemotherapeutics (e.g., bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, nitrosureas, busulfan), antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides), amiodarone, gold. […] Sarcoidosis: idiopathic systemic illness characterized by granulomatous inflammation (non-caseating) in a variety of tissues with lung involvement in 90% of cases.

• #24 13. Interstitial Lung Disease | Hospital Handbook

  https://hospitalhandbook.ucsf.edu/13-interstitial-lung-disease/13-interstitial-lung-disease

  Collagen vascular diseases: rheumatologic (e.g., scleroderma, polymyositis/dermatomysotis, SLE, RA), vasculitides (e.g., granulomatosis with polyangitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis, microscopic polyangitis), Goodpastures syndrome. […] Miscellaneous: examples include diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and eosinophilic pneumonias.

• #25 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  More than 350 drugs have been identified to cause pulmonary complications whether through reactive metabolites or as a component of a general response. […] This variant is the most common type. This main category is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia which is a combination of inflammation and fibrosis as opposed to infectious pneumonia. […] Many of the subsets of the disease are of unknown etiology. Regardless, they all ultimately share the same manner of development. […] The trigger can be a known agent that deposited within the lung tissues. In some cases, the fibrosis arises spontaneously.

• #26 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases […] Autoimmune disorders […] Autoimmune myositis/anti-synthetase syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjgren syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) […] Organic dust […] Bird droppings and molds […] Drug-related […] Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, gold, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, and sulfonamides […] Chemical-related […] Aluminum powder, asbestos, beryllium, metals, sulfur dioxide, talc […] Genetic disorders […] Fabry disease, familial pulmonary fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Niemann-Pick disease (rare), pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and tuberous sclerosis

• #27 Interstitial lung disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged. […] ILD can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type. […] There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including: Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. […] Lung inflammation due to breathing in a foreign substance such as certain types of dust, fungus, or mold (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). […] Medicines (such as nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept, and other chemotherapy medicines). […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust (called occupational lung disease). […] Infection and partial recovery from diseases like COVID-19. […] Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.

• #28 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of many lung conditions. All interstitial lung diseases affect the interstitium, a part of your lungs. […] Interstitial lung infections scar and inflame your lungs, leading to shortness of breath and other serious problems. […] Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause interstitial pneumonia. You can also get ILD if you regularly breathe in things that can damage your lungs. […] It’s rare, but certain drugs can cause ILD. […] However, the cause of most ILDs is unknown. […] Scientists are still trying to figure out the basic causes of the disease at the genetic and cellular levels. […] Adults, particularly those over 70, are much more likely to get ILD than children. […] Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma can raise your risk for ILD.

• #29 13. Interstitial Lung Disease | Hospital Handbook

  https://hospitalhandbook.ucsf.edu/13-interstitial-lung-disease/13-interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can be classified as having known (e.g., environmental exposure) and unknown (e.g., idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) causes. […] Environmental and occupational exposures: Inorganic dust: asbestos, silica, beryllium, hard metals. […] Organic dust (hypersensitivity pneumonitides): thermophilic bacteria (humidifier lung, farmers lung), avian antigens (pigeon fanciers lung), fungi (Aspergillus). […] Gases, fumes, vapors, including exposure to e-cigarettes/vaping. […] Drug-related: chemotherapeutics (e.g., bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, nitrosureas, busulfan), antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides), amiodarone, gold. […] Sarcoidosis: idiopathic systemic illness characterized by granulomatous inflammation (non-caseating) in a variety of tissues with lung involvement in 90% of cases.

• #30 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases […] Autoimmune disorders […] Autoimmune myositis/anti-synthetase syndrome, Goodpasture syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjgren syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) […] Organic dust […] Bird droppings and molds […] Drug-related […] Amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, carbamazepine, checkpoint inhibitors, chlorambucil, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, gold, methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, and sulfonamides […] Chemical-related […] Aluminum powder, asbestos, beryllium, metals, sulfur dioxide, talc […] Genetic disorders […] Fabry disease, familial pulmonary fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Niemann-Pick disease (rare), pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and tuberous sclerosis

• #31 Interstitial lung disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged. […] ILD can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type. […] There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including: Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. […] Lung inflammation due to breathing in a foreign substance such as certain types of dust, fungus, or mold (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). […] Medicines (such as nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept, and other chemotherapy medicines). […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust (called occupational lung disease). […] Infection and partial recovery from diseases like COVID-19. […] Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.

• #32 Interstitial Lung Disease | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. […] Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. […] Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. […] Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.

• #33 Interstitial lung disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged. […] ILD can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type. […] There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including: Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. […] Lung inflammation due to breathing in a foreign substance such as certain types of dust, fungus, or mold (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). […] Medicines (such as nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept, and other chemotherapy medicines). […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust (called occupational lung disease). […] Infection and partial recovery from diseases like COVID-19. […] Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.

• #34 Medicine-induced Lung Disease

  https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUArticles/June2016/MedicineInducedLungDisease.html

  Drug-induced lung injury can be caused by myriad different medicines. […] The most common form of drug-induced lung injury (DLI) is interstitial lung disease (also called interstitial pneumonia or interstitial pneumonitis). […] Medicines, herbal medicines, supplements and recreational drugs can all cause DLI. […] Over 450 drugs have been implicated with ILD. […] Other non-medicine causes of DLI include talc and cocaine. […] The likelihood of developing adverse pulmonary effects secondary to medicines remains largely unpredictable and idiosyncratic. […] However, possible risk factors include smoking, age, ethnicity, dose, pre-existing lung disease, and interactions. […] The mechanisms of DLI are unknown, but may include a direct toxic effect due to high local concentrations of the medicine or the large surface area of the lungs, lung-specific metabolism of a medicine to a toxic metabolite, immune activation, and deposition of phospholipids within cells. […] Failure to appreciate the relationship between the medicine and lung injury may lead to significant morbidity or death. […] If DLI is diagnosed early, the patient may make a full recovery. Delayed diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity or death.

• #35 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  The cause of these idiopathic conditions remains elusive, but their progression tends to be characterized by persistent and often worsening fibrosis, functional lung impairment, and a declining prognosis. […] Although specific causes are unknown, environmental factors, toxins and genetics contribute to CTD-ILD. […] Environmental and occupational exposures represent a significant cause of certain ILDs. Long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as silica dust, asbestos fibers, and specific animal droppings can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung tissue, resulting in conditions such as silicosis, asbestosis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] A growing body of evidence shows that genetic factors play a role in some of ILD onset. […] It is now understood that certain inherited traits, such as rare pathogenic variants in genes associated with telomere maintenance and surfactant production, common single nucleotide polymorphisms, and reduced leukocyte telomere length can contribute to an increased risk of ILD.

• #36 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  ILDs are caused by damage to your lungs from things in your environment, your lifestyle habits, or another health condition. […] When you injure your lungs, your body will normally repair the damage and heal your lungs. If the injury leads to an ILD, the healing process stops working correctly over time. […] Many things can damage your lungs and raise your risk of an ILD. […] You have a higher risk of ILDs if a close relative has an ILD. Mutations, or changes in your genes, can make you more likely to develop scar tissue in your lungs. […] Exposure to mold, chemicals, or bacteria at work or in your environment can damage your lungs. […] Smoking can damage your lungs or make lung damage worse. […] Conditions such as sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases, connective tissue disorders, and viral infections such as COVID-19 can damage your lungs.

• #37 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/

  However, mutations in genes known as TERC and TERT have been found in about 15 percent of all cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis and a smaller percentage of cases of sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. […] Researchers have also examined environmental risk factors that could contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These factors include exposure to wood or metal dust, viral infections, certain medications, and cigarette smoking. Some research suggests that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may also be a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; affected individuals may breathe in (aspirate) stomach contents, which over time could damage the lungs.

• #38 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #39 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #40 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  The cause of these idiopathic conditions remains elusive, but their progression tends to be characterized by persistent and often worsening fibrosis, functional lung impairment, and a declining prognosis. […] Although specific causes are unknown, environmental factors, toxins and genetics contribute to CTD-ILD. […] Environmental and occupational exposures represent a significant cause of certain ILDs. Long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as silica dust, asbestos fibers, and specific animal droppings can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung tissue, resulting in conditions such as silicosis, asbestosis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] A growing body of evidence shows that genetic factors play a role in some of ILD onset. […] It is now understood that certain inherited traits, such as rare pathogenic variants in genes associated with telomere maintenance and surfactant production, common single nucleotide polymorphisms, and reduced leukocyte telomere length can contribute to an increased risk of ILD.

• #41 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  The cause of these idiopathic conditions remains elusive, but their progression tends to be characterized by persistent and often worsening fibrosis, functional lung impairment, and a declining prognosis. […] Although specific causes are unknown, environmental factors, toxins and genetics contribute to CTD-ILD. […] Environmental and occupational exposures represent a significant cause of certain ILDs. Long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as silica dust, asbestos fibers, and specific animal droppings can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung tissue, resulting in conditions such as silicosis, asbestosis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] A growing body of evidence shows that genetic factors play a role in some of ILD onset. […] It is now understood that certain inherited traits, such as rare pathogenic variants in genes associated with telomere maintenance and surfactant production, common single nucleotide polymorphisms, and reduced leukocyte telomere length can contribute to an increased risk of ILD.

• #42 Interstitial lung disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged. […] ILD can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type. […] There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including: Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. […] Lung inflammation due to breathing in a foreign substance such as certain types of dust, fungus, or mold (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). […] Medicines (such as nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept, and other chemotherapy medicines). […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust (called occupational lung disease). […] Infection and partial recovery from diseases like COVID-19. […] Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.

• #43 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  ILDs are caused by damage to your lungs from things in your environment, your lifestyle habits, or another health condition. […] When you injure your lungs, your body will normally repair the damage and heal your lungs. If the injury leads to an ILD, the healing process stops working correctly over time. […] Many things can damage your lungs and raise your risk of an ILD. […] You have a higher risk of ILDs if a close relative has an ILD. Mutations, or changes in your genes, can make you more likely to develop scar tissue in your lungs. […] Exposure to mold, chemicals, or bacteria at work or in your environment can damage your lungs. […] Smoking can damage your lungs or make lung damage worse. […] Conditions such as sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases, connective tissue disorders, and viral infections such as COVID-19 can damage your lungs.

• #44 What Are The Causes Of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)?

  https://www.advancells.com/what-are-the-causes-of-interstitial-lung-disease-ild/

  Environmental factors, such as toxins like asbestos, mold, certain metals, silica dust, talc, grain dust, or bird droppings; interstitial disease caused by some of these irritants is referred to as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] Certain medications, including some chemotherapy (cancer-fighting) medications and the heart medication amiodarone (Cordarone). […] Chronic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and lupus. […] Infections: One of the more common infectious cause of interstitial inflammation is the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. […] Cancer in some cases spreads throughout the lymph system in the lungs and appears as interstitial disease. […] Congestive heart failure, renal failure both can present with similar findings due to excess fluid in the spongy tissue of the lung.

• #45 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #46 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/

  However, mutations in genes known as TERC and TERT have been found in about 15 percent of all cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis and a smaller percentage of cases of sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. […] Researchers have also examined environmental risk factors that could contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These factors include exposure to wood or metal dust, viral infections, certain medications, and cigarette smoking. Some research suggests that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may also be a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; affected individuals may breathe in (aspirate) stomach contents, which over time could damage the lungs.

• #47 About Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/ild/about-ild

  Patients with long-term exposure to certain inhalants, such as asbestos, silica, coal dust, mold, and bird proteins, are at risk of developing forms of ILD like asbestosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or pneumoconiosis. […] Certain medications, particularly chemotherapy drugs (e.g., bleomycin), antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone), and antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin), are known to cause drug-induced ILD. […] Individuals with a family history of ILD, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are at greater risk of developing the disease, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition. […] There is a recognized association between GORD and ILD, particularly in IPF. GORD can lead to micro-aspirations into the lungs, which may contribute to disease development or progression.

• #48 Causes and Risk Factors of Interstitial Lung Disease | PatientsEngage

  https://www.patientsengage.com/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/causes-risk-factors

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] The following are some of the causes and risk factors of ILD: Genetics, lifestyle habits, environmental factors. […] Some medications or other medical conditions such as hepatitis C, tuberculosis, pneumonia, COPD or Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease may cause ILDs. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)- when the cause is unknown. […] Exposure to dust or mold in the environment may also cause some ILDs like asbestos-related lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, etc. […] Some ILDs are more commonly found in men like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) while lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) mostly affects women.

• #49 Causes and Risk Factors of Interstitial Lung Disease | PatientsEngage

  https://www.patientsengage.com/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/causes-risk-factors

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] The following are some of the causes and risk factors of ILD: Genetics, lifestyle habits, environmental factors. […] Some medications or other medical conditions such as hepatitis C, tuberculosis, pneumonia, COPD or Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease may cause ILDs. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)- when the cause is unknown. […] Exposure to dust or mold in the environment may also cause some ILDs like asbestos-related lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, etc. […] Some ILDs are more commonly found in men like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) while lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) mostly affects women.

• #50 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #51 Interstitial lung disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_lung_disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. […] It may occur when an injury to the lungs triggers an abnormal healing response. […] ILD may be classified as to whether its cause is not known (idiopathic) or known (secondary). […] Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is the term given to ILDs with an unknown cause. […] They represent the majority of cases of interstitial lung diseases (up to two-thirds of cases). […] Secondary ILDs are those diseases with a known etiology, including: […] Connective tissue related disease represents approximately 25% of all cases of ILD. […] Inhaled substances (pneumoconiosis) […] Drug-induced […] Infection […] Malignancy

• #52 Interstitial lung disease Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders in which the lung tissues become inflamed and then damaged. […] ILD can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type. […] There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including: Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. […] Lung inflammation due to breathing in a foreign substance such as certain types of dust, fungus, or mold (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). […] Medicines (such as nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept, and other chemotherapy medicines). […] Radiation treatment to the chest. […] Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust (called occupational lung disease). […] Infection and partial recovery from diseases like COVID-19. […] Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.

• #53 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  Some ILDs are more common in men or in women. IPF is more common, and causes more serious symptoms, in men. LAM is more common in women. Also, some autoimmune diseases and connective tissue disorders that cause ILDs are more common in women. […] There is no way to prevent ILDs that are caused by your genes.

• #54 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #55 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #56 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Idiopathic* interstitial pneumonias […] Acute interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease […] Therapeutic or industrial radiation-related […] Radiation therapy for cancer […] Other disorders […] Amyloidosis, chronic aspiration, eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, and vasculitic disorders (which cause inflammation of blood vessels) such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis […] * Idiopathic means with no known cause.

• #57 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  ILDs with an unknown cause are called idiopathic ILDs. Idiopathic is the medical term for unknown cause. These include: Sarcoidosis, The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Respiratory bronchiolitis ILD, Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia.

• #58 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Idiopathic* interstitial pneumonias […] Acute interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease […] Therapeutic or industrial radiation-related […] Radiation therapy for cancer […] Other disorders […] Amyloidosis, chronic aspiration, eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, and vasculitic disorders (which cause inflammation of blood vessels) such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis […] * Idiopathic means with no known cause.

• #59 Table: Causes of Interstitial Lung Diseases-Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/causes-of-interstitial-lung-diseases

  Idiopathic* interstitial pneumonias […] Acute interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease […] Therapeutic or industrial radiation-related […] Radiation therapy for cancer […] Other disorders […] Amyloidosis, chronic aspiration, eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, and vasculitic disorders (which cause inflammation of blood vessels) such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis […] * Idiopathic means with no known cause.

• #60 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  Some ILDs are more common in men or in women. IPF is more common, and causes more serious symptoms, in men. LAM is more common in women. Also, some autoimmune diseases and connective tissue disorders that cause ILDs are more common in women. […] There is no way to prevent ILDs that are caused by your genes.

• #61 Interstitial Lung Disease Causes | What Causes ILD?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ild-pf/ild/causes

  The causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) fall into four general categories. […] Some autoimmune diseases that can cause ILD are: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis, Large, medium or small vessel vasculitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] For example, ILD can be caused by workplace exposure to inorganic dust asbestos, silica or hard metal dust. Mold, bacteria or bird proteins are examples of organic dusts that can cause ILD. Smoking can cause ILD. Medications used to treat another condition, such as chemotherapy drugs, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin, are examples of drugs that have been linked to ILD. […] Multiple members of one family may develop ILD, and some of these cases have been tracked to a single set of genes. Some inherited diseases are known to cause ILD. Examples include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. […] Meaning the cause is unknown. Some examples of idiopathic ILD include: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF, Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

• #62 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  Toxic environmental exposures are also linked to lung diseases. Irritating chemicals, air pollution, and extreme climate changes can contribute to breathing problems. […] Many kinds of chemicals and toxins can damage lung tissue, but the types of ILD most often linked to exposures include: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Pneumoconiosis. […] Some medications that are highly valuable at treating specific conditions may also cause problems in other parts of the body. Chemotherapy and radiation are prime examples. […] Specific treatment strategies will depend on your health and symptoms. […] Not every case of ILD has a clear cause, but there are risk factors that could increase your chances of developing lung damage. […] Some risk factors for ILD are: Smoking, Prior lung infections, including from COVID-19, Family history of lung disease, Occupational or residential exposures to dust, mold, and other toxins, Autoimmune conditions, Connective tissue disorders.

• #63 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Certain factors increase the chance of developing an ILD. Doctors classify ILDs by the identifiable cause. […] The largest category of ILDs is when scarring develops in the lungs for unknown reasons. […] You are more likely to develop an ILD if you have a close relative with one. You may carry specific gene variations or mutations that make your lungs more susceptible to developing scar tissue. […] Researchers know that smoking can cause ILD. It can also make the disease progress faster. Smoking is a common habit among people who develop ILD. […] Long-term exposure to environmental or occupational materials can have damaging effects on the lungs. […] Certain health conditions increase the chance of developing an ILD. Conditions include: rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus. […] Certain medical treatments like radiation, chemotherapy, and over 350 medications increase a person’s chance of lung damage, including ILD. […] Many times, the cause of ILD is unknown. Inhaling toxins, including cigarette smoke, and occupational dusts appear to be major causes.

• #64 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of many lung conditions. All interstitial lung diseases affect the interstitium, a part of your lungs. […] Interstitial lung infections scar and inflame your lungs, leading to shortness of breath and other serious problems. […] Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause interstitial pneumonia. You can also get ILD if you regularly breathe in things that can damage your lungs. […] It’s rare, but certain drugs can cause ILD. […] However, the cause of most ILDs is unknown. […] Scientists are still trying to figure out the basic causes of the disease at the genetic and cellular levels. […] Adults, particularly those over 70, are much more likely to get ILD than children. […] Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma can raise your risk for ILD.

• #65 About Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/ild/about-ild

  Interstitial lung diseases cause the interstitial lung tissue to become stiff and thickened, or 'scarred’. This is called pulmonary fibrosis. […] Only around one in three cases of interstitial lung disease has an identifiable cause. Experts suggest that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors may contribute to the development of some conditions, such as sarcoidosis. […] Patients who are more likely to have interstitial lung disease (ILD) tend to fall into several high-risk categories based on a combination of age, medical history, environmental exposure, and lifestyle factors. […] Age is a significant risk factor for many forms of ILD, especially IPF. […] Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing certain types of ILD, including respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

• #66 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  Some ILDs are more common in men or in women. IPF is more common, and causes more serious symptoms, in men. LAM is more common in women. Also, some autoimmune diseases and connective tissue disorders that cause ILDs are more common in women. […] There is no way to prevent ILDs that are caused by your genes.

• #67 Interstitial lung disease (ILD) – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/interstitial-lung-disease-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid Arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and Sjogren’s syndrome, are also causes of ILD. […] Smoking: It is the most common cause of respiratory complaints worldwide. It not only causes ILD but also aggravates pre-existing disease. […] Gender: Certain interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are more prevalent in either gender. Men are more likely to get idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and experience more severe symptoms from it. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is more prevalent in females. In addition, women are more likely to suffer from various autoimmune illnesses and connective tissue disorders that lead to ILDs. […] Unfortunately, in most cases, the ultimate cause may not be known, such as in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), which is the most severe type of lung fibrosis or scarring.

• #68 Interstitial Lung Disease | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. […] Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. […] Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. […] Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.

• #69 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  Occupational exposure, (to work exposed to asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, wood dust, silica dust, dust from hard metals, etc.), that may lead to inflammation of the lung and that, after a prolonged time, can lead to lung fibrosis. […] Furthermore, it should be taken into account that smoking increases the risk of developing any diffuse interstitial lung diseases and could worsen the prognosis of the disease. […] Some factors that increase the risk of developing a fibrosing interstitial lung idiopathic diseases are: […] Around 5% of IPF can be familial. […] Some fibrosing DILD are more common in smokers, such as IPF, or the combination of pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema. […] Some fibrosing DILD associated with autoimmune diseases are more common in women between 30-40 years-old. On the other hand, the majority of patients with IPF are men over 55 years-old. […] The duration of any exposures should be taken into account, and whether breathing protection has been used (masks). […] There are many types of drugs capable of triggering a fibrosing DILD. […] Some autoimmune diseases predispose the development of some fibrosing DILDs.

• #70 Interstitial Lung Disease – Diagnosis & Treatment | Conditions, Treatments & Specialty | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/conditions-treatments-specialty/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease causes inflammation, scarring and thickening of the tissue around the air sacs. Other parts of the lungs can be affected, too. When the air sacs are scarred or damaged, they don’t work as well, causing breathing issues. […] In most cases, the exact cause of interstitial lung disease is unknown; however, having certain medical conditions, taking certain medications and even breathing in hazardous materials may increase your chances of developing it. These include: […] Autoimmune disorders that affect the lungs, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or scleroderma. […] Breathing in different toxins and pollutants such as dust, talc, asbestos, coal or mold. […] Other risk factors may include: Age – It’s more likely to affect adults. […] Occupation – Those who work in mining, farming, construction or another field where there is exposure to certain toxins are at an increased risk.

• #71 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Cigarette smoking is a notable contributing cause of ILD and a significant contributor to numerous diseases and deaths. […] Smoking has been associated with a million deaths in the previous century, and could result in over 1 billion deaths in the current century. […] Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of IPF. […] Several studies have established air pollution as a risk factor for the development and progression of ILD. […] Occupational exposure to certain substances has been shown to contribute to various types of ILD, although the majority of occupational exposure takes time to show symptoms.

• #72 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  Toxic environmental exposures are also linked to lung diseases. Irritating chemicals, air pollution, and extreme climate changes can contribute to breathing problems. […] Many kinds of chemicals and toxins can damage lung tissue, but the types of ILD most often linked to exposures include: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Pneumoconiosis. […] Some medications that are highly valuable at treating specific conditions may also cause problems in other parts of the body. Chemotherapy and radiation are prime examples. […] Specific treatment strategies will depend on your health and symptoms. […] Not every case of ILD has a clear cause, but there are risk factors that could increase your chances of developing lung damage. […] Some risk factors for ILD are: Smoking, Prior lung infections, including from COVID-19, Family history of lung disease, Occupational or residential exposures to dust, mold, and other toxins, Autoimmune conditions, Connective tissue disorders.

• #73 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  Occupational exposure, (to work exposed to asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, wood dust, silica dust, dust from hard metals, etc.), that may lead to inflammation of the lung and that, after a prolonged time, can lead to lung fibrosis. […] Furthermore, it should be taken into account that smoking increases the risk of developing any diffuse interstitial lung diseases and could worsen the prognosis of the disease. […] Some factors that increase the risk of developing a fibrosing interstitial lung idiopathic diseases are: […] Around 5% of IPF can be familial. […] Some fibrosing DILD are more common in smokers, such as IPF, or the combination of pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema. […] Some fibrosing DILD associated with autoimmune diseases are more common in women between 30-40 years-old. On the other hand, the majority of patients with IPF are men over 55 years-old. […] The duration of any exposures should be taken into account, and whether breathing protection has been used (masks). […] There are many types of drugs capable of triggering a fibrosing DILD. […] Some autoimmune diseases predispose the development of some fibrosing DILDs.

• #74 Interstitial Lung Disease – Diagnosis & Treatment | Conditions, Treatments & Specialty | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/conditions-treatments-specialty/interstitial-lung-disease

  Smoking – Some forms of interstitial lung disease are more common among those who smoke. Smoking can also make the condition worse. […] Medical conditions – Those who have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be at increased risk. […] Radiation treatments – Those who have undergone radiation treatments for cancer may have an increased risk.

• #75 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Certain factors increase the chance of developing an ILD. Doctors classify ILDs by the identifiable cause. […] The largest category of ILDs is when scarring develops in the lungs for unknown reasons. […] You are more likely to develop an ILD if you have a close relative with one. You may carry specific gene variations or mutations that make your lungs more susceptible to developing scar tissue. […] Researchers know that smoking can cause ILD. It can also make the disease progress faster. Smoking is a common habit among people who develop ILD. […] Long-term exposure to environmental or occupational materials can have damaging effects on the lungs. […] Certain health conditions increase the chance of developing an ILD. Conditions include: rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus. […] Certain medical treatments like radiation, chemotherapy, and over 350 medications increase a person’s chance of lung damage, including ILD. […] Many times, the cause of ILD is unknown. Inhaling toxins, including cigarette smoke, and occupational dusts appear to be major causes.

• #76 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #77 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  More than 350 drugs have been identified to cause pulmonary complications whether through reactive metabolites or as a component of a general response. […] This variant is the most common type. This main category is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia which is a combination of inflammation and fibrosis as opposed to infectious pneumonia. […] Many of the subsets of the disease are of unknown etiology. Regardless, they all ultimately share the same manner of development. […] The trigger can be a known agent that deposited within the lung tissues. In some cases, the fibrosis arises spontaneously.

• #78 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/care-resources/respiratory-health/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.html

  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown cause.1 ILDs may be a result of a number of insults to the lungs (e.g., medication, connective tissue disease, occupational or environmental exposures).2 […] The cause of IPF is unknown, but some patients have a higher risk, including those who: […] The pathogenesis of IPF is unknown.4 It was believed that IPF was caused by generalized inflammation that progressed to widespread parenchymal fibrosis.13,14 This was questioned when IPF failed to respond to anti-inflammatory drugs and immune modulators.13 Studies now suggest that exposure to external stimuli (e.g., smoke, environmental agents) can lead to damage of alveolar epithelial cells, subsequent activation of mesenchymal cells, and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix.13,14 A genetic basis for IPF is still being explored.

• #79 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  More than 350 drugs have been identified to cause pulmonary complications whether through reactive metabolites or as a component of a general response. […] This variant is the most common type. This main category is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia which is a combination of inflammation and fibrosis as opposed to infectious pneumonia. […] Many of the subsets of the disease are of unknown etiology. Regardless, they all ultimately share the same manner of development. […] The trigger can be a known agent that deposited within the lung tissues. In some cases, the fibrosis arises spontaneously.

• #80 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #81 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  The mechanisms that trigger these diseases are not the same as in the development of each one of them. Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (DILD) can occur without a known cause, which is called idiopathic, or due to other causes such as, for example: […] In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, vasculitis, scleroderma the immune system attacks its own respiratory system. […] Inhalation of foreign substances by the body, like certain types of dust, fungi, or contact with birds, which produce inflammation of the lungs that finally ends up as fibrosis (pneumonitis due to chronic hypersensitivity). […] Drugs, like sulphamides, nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, methotrexate, some monoclonal antibodies, or some types of chemotherapy, like bleomycin, which can initially inflame the lung (drug-induced-pneumonitis).

• #82 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/care-resources/respiratory-health/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis.html

  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown cause.1 ILDs may be a result of a number of insults to the lungs (e.g., medication, connective tissue disease, occupational or environmental exposures).2 […] The cause of IPF is unknown, but some patients have a higher risk, including those who: […] The pathogenesis of IPF is unknown.4 It was believed that IPF was caused by generalized inflammation that progressed to widespread parenchymal fibrosis.13,14 This was questioned when IPF failed to respond to anti-inflammatory drugs and immune modulators.13 Studies now suggest that exposure to external stimuli (e.g., smoke, environmental agents) can lead to damage of alveolar epithelial cells, subsequent activation of mesenchymal cells, and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix.13,14 A genetic basis for IPF is still being explored.

• #83 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  The mechanisms that trigger these diseases are not the same as in the development of each one of them. Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (DILD) can occur without a known cause, which is called idiopathic, or due to other causes such as, for example: […] In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, vasculitis, scleroderma the immune system attacks its own respiratory system. […] Inhalation of foreign substances by the body, like certain types of dust, fungi, or contact with birds, which produce inflammation of the lungs that finally ends up as fibrosis (pneumonitis due to chronic hypersensitivity). […] Drugs, like sulphamides, nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, methotrexate, some monoclonal antibodies, or some types of chemotherapy, like bleomycin, which can initially inflame the lung (drug-induced-pneumonitis).

• #84 Interstitial Lung Disease – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/respiratory/interstitiallungdisease/

  Interstitial lung disease includes many conditions that cause inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma (lung tissue). Fibrosis involves the replacement of elastic and functional lung tissue with non-functional scar tissue. […] Several drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis: Amiodarone (also causes grey/blue skin), Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin. […] Pulmonary fibrosis can occur secondary to other conditions: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Systemic sclerosis, Sarcoidosis. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, involves type III and type IV hypersensitivity reaction to an environmental allergen. […] Cryptogenic organising pneumonia was previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia. It involves a focal area of inflammation of the lung tissue. It can be idiopathic or triggered by infection, inflammatory disorders, medications, radiation, environmental toxins, or allergens. […] Asbestosis refers to lung fibrosis related to asbestos exposure. Asbestos is fibrogenic, meaning it causes lung fibrosis. It is also oncogenic, meaning it causes cancer.

• #85 Interstitial Lung Disease – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/respiratory/interstitiallungdisease/

  Interstitial lung disease includes many conditions that cause inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma (lung tissue). Fibrosis involves the replacement of elastic and functional lung tissue with non-functional scar tissue. […] Several drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis: Amiodarone (also causes grey/blue skin), Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin. […] Pulmonary fibrosis can occur secondary to other conditions: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Systemic sclerosis, Sarcoidosis. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, involves type III and type IV hypersensitivity reaction to an environmental allergen. […] Cryptogenic organising pneumonia was previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia. It involves a focal area of inflammation of the lung tissue. It can be idiopathic or triggered by infection, inflammatory disorders, medications, radiation, environmental toxins, or allergens. […] Asbestosis refers to lung fibrosis related to asbestos exposure. Asbestos is fibrogenic, meaning it causes lung fibrosis. It is also oncogenic, meaning it causes cancer.

• #86 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Cigarette smoking is a notable contributing cause of ILD and a significant contributor to numerous diseases and deaths. […] Smoking has been associated with a million deaths in the previous century, and could result in over 1 billion deaths in the current century. […] Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of IPF. […] Several studies have established air pollution as a risk factor for the development and progression of ILD. […] Occupational exposure to certain substances has been shown to contribute to various types of ILD, although the majority of occupational exposure takes time to show symptoms.

• #87 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Interstitial lung disease is a medical term describing a large group of lung diseases involving scarring of the lungs. The inflammation and scarring may make breathing more difficult. […] There is an ever-growing list of potential causes; sometimes, the cause is never known. […] Lung damage causes interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). It may come from: inhaled environmental exposures, genetics, other medical conditions, unknown factors. […] It can be a combination of these factors as well. For example, a person’s genetic background may predispose them to ILD from inhaling dust at work. […] Your body then attempts to repair the damage, but when the damage leads to ILD, the typical repair processes stop working correctly. Instead, scar tissue forms in the lungs. Scar tissue is thick and stiff, making air inflation difficult. You cannot reverse these changes.

• #88 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/

  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive lung disease. This condition causes scar tissue (fibrosis) to build up in the lungs, which makes the lungs unable to transport oxygen into the bloodstream effectively. […] The cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. The fibrosis that builds up in the lungs is thought to develop as a result of abnormal tissue repair following tissue damage. This abnormal repair response probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] It is likely that genetic changes increase a person’s risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and then exposure to certain environmental factors triggers the disease. […] Changes in several genes have been suggested as risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, while it is likely that other genetic influences have yet to be discovered.

• #89 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/

  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive lung disease. This condition causes scar tissue (fibrosis) to build up in the lungs, which makes the lungs unable to transport oxygen into the bloodstream effectively. […] The cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. The fibrosis that builds up in the lungs is thought to develop as a result of abnormal tissue repair following tissue damage. This abnormal repair response probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] It is likely that genetic changes increase a person’s risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and then exposure to certain environmental factors triggers the disease. […] Changes in several genes have been suggested as risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, while it is likely that other genetic influences have yet to be discovered.

• #90 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Interstitial lung disease is a medical term describing a large group of lung diseases involving scarring of the lungs. The inflammation and scarring may make breathing more difficult. […] There is an ever-growing list of potential causes; sometimes, the cause is never known. […] Lung damage causes interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). It may come from: inhaled environmental exposures, genetics, other medical conditions, unknown factors. […] It can be a combination of these factors as well. For example, a person’s genetic background may predispose them to ILD from inhaling dust at work. […] Your body then attempts to repair the damage, but when the damage leads to ILD, the typical repair processes stop working correctly. Instead, scar tissue forms in the lungs. Scar tissue is thick and stiff, making air inflation difficult. You cannot reverse these changes.

• #91 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Interstitial lung disease is a medical term describing a large group of lung diseases involving scarring of the lungs. The inflammation and scarring may make breathing more difficult. […] There is an ever-growing list of potential causes; sometimes, the cause is never known. […] Lung damage causes interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). It may come from: inhaled environmental exposures, genetics, other medical conditions, unknown factors. […] It can be a combination of these factors as well. For example, a person’s genetic background may predispose them to ILD from inhaling dust at work. […] Your body then attempts to repair the damage, but when the damage leads to ILD, the typical repair processes stop working correctly. Instead, scar tissue forms in the lungs. Scar tissue is thick and stiff, making air inflation difficult. You cannot reverse these changes.

• #92 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  Occupational exposure, (to work exposed to asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, wood dust, silica dust, dust from hard metals, etc.), that may lead to inflammation of the lung and that, after a prolonged time, can lead to lung fibrosis. […] Furthermore, it should be taken into account that smoking increases the risk of developing any diffuse interstitial lung diseases and could worsen the prognosis of the disease. […] Some factors that increase the risk of developing a fibrosing interstitial lung idiopathic diseases are: […] Around 5% of IPF can be familial. […] Some fibrosing DILD are more common in smokers, such as IPF, or the combination of pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema. […] Some fibrosing DILD associated with autoimmune diseases are more common in women between 30-40 years-old. On the other hand, the majority of patients with IPF are men over 55 years-old. […] The duration of any exposures should be taken into account, and whether breathing protection has been used (masks). […] There are many types of drugs capable of triggering a fibrosing DILD. […] Some autoimmune diseases predispose the development of some fibrosing DILDs.

• #93 Interstitial Lung Disease | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. […] Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. […] Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. […] Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.

• #94 About Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/ild/about-ild

  Interstitial lung diseases cause the interstitial lung tissue to become stiff and thickened, or 'scarred’. This is called pulmonary fibrosis. […] Only around one in three cases of interstitial lung disease has an identifiable cause. Experts suggest that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors may contribute to the development of some conditions, such as sarcoidosis. […] Patients who are more likely to have interstitial lung disease (ILD) tend to fall into several high-risk categories based on a combination of age, medical history, environmental exposure, and lifestyle factors. […] Age is a significant risk factor for many forms of ILD, especially IPF. […] Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing certain types of ILD, including respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

• #95 Interstitial Lung Disease: Link Between Asbestos & ILD

  https://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/interstitial-lung-disease/

  Interstitial lung disease causes inflammation and scarring. Asbestos exposure, some diseases and medications can cause it. There is a clear link between asbestos exposure and asbestosis or interstitial pneumonitis, a form of ILD. […] Genetics, asbestos exposure, lifestyle factors, medications and other health conditions can cause interstitial lung disease. […] Asbestosis is an ILD linked to asbestos exposure. As the body tries to expel inhaled asbestos fibers, inflammation and scarring occurs. It’s a progressive disease that continues to worsen over time. […] Risks include exposure to asbestos, silica dust and cotton dust. Some medical treatments may cause lung inflammation and scarring. These treatments include chemotherapy, radiation and certain medicines. […] Smokers exposed to asbestos are very likely to develop ILD.

• #96 About Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/ild/about-ild

  Patients with long-term exposure to certain inhalants, such as asbestos, silica, coal dust, mold, and bird proteins, are at risk of developing forms of ILD like asbestosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or pneumoconiosis. […] Certain medications, particularly chemotherapy drugs (e.g., bleomycin), antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone), and antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin), are known to cause drug-induced ILD. […] Individuals with a family history of ILD, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are at greater risk of developing the disease, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition. […] There is a recognized association between GORD and ILD, particularly in IPF. GORD can lead to micro-aspirations into the lungs, which may contribute to disease development or progression.

• #97 Seven Things Everyone Should Know about Interstitial Lung Disease

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/seven-things-everyone-should-know-about-interstitial-lung-disease

  According to Dr. Solomon, causes can range from autoimmune disease and environmental influences to reasons unknown. […] Diagnosis involves more than just understanding what form of ILD is involved. […] If we think you have untreated reflux, we’re super aggressive in treating it, because we think it’ll slow down the progression of your disease if we get control of it, explained Dr. Solomon.

• #98 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  Toxic environmental exposures are also linked to lung diseases. Irritating chemicals, air pollution, and extreme climate changes can contribute to breathing problems. […] Many kinds of chemicals and toxins can damage lung tissue, but the types of ILD most often linked to exposures include: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Pneumoconiosis. […] Some medications that are highly valuable at treating specific conditions may also cause problems in other parts of the body. Chemotherapy and radiation are prime examples. […] Specific treatment strategies will depend on your health and symptoms. […] Not every case of ILD has a clear cause, but there are risk factors that could increase your chances of developing lung damage. […] Some risk factors for ILD are: Smoking, Prior lung infections, including from COVID-19, Family history of lung disease, Occupational or residential exposures to dust, mold, and other toxins, Autoimmune conditions, Connective tissue disorders.

• #99 Interstitial Lung Diseases – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases/causes

  Some ILDs are more common in men or in women. IPF is more common, and causes more serious symptoms, in men. LAM is more common in women. Also, some autoimmune diseases and connective tissue disorders that cause ILDs are more common in women. […] There is no way to prevent ILDs that are caused by your genes.

• #100 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/interstitial-lung-disease-8598733

  You can’t prevent every type of ILD, especially those linked to family history, genetics, and autoimmune diseases. Healthy lifestyle choices can help you avoid preventable causes, though. […] Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term for the many conditions that cause scarring in your lungs. When your lungs are injured and scarred, they become less effective in moving oxygen and other gases in and out of your body.

• #101 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10959-pulmonary-fibrosis

  Pulmonary fibrosis can be idiopathic (without a known cause) or result from autoimmune diseases, environmental factors or medications. […] Experts think pulmonary fibrosis happens when your lungs dont heal properly from damage or inflammation. Specific causes include: […] In most cases, the specific cause is unknown. […] Many causes of pulmonary fibrosis arent preventable.

• #102 Interstitial Lung Disease | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. […] Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. […] People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. […] Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. […] Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.

• #103 Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pulmonary-fibrosis/causes-and-risk-factors

  Occupational exposure, (to work exposed to asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, wood dust, silica dust, dust from hard metals, etc.), that may lead to inflammation of the lung and that, after a prolonged time, can lead to lung fibrosis. […] Furthermore, it should be taken into account that smoking increases the risk of developing any diffuse interstitial lung diseases and could worsen the prognosis of the disease. […] Some factors that increase the risk of developing a fibrosing interstitial lung idiopathic diseases are: […] Around 5% of IPF can be familial. […] Some fibrosing DILD are more common in smokers, such as IPF, or the combination of pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema. […] Some fibrosing DILD associated with autoimmune diseases are more common in women between 30-40 years-old. On the other hand, the majority of patients with IPF are men over 55 years-old. […] The duration of any exposures should be taken into account, and whether breathing protection has been used (masks). […] There are many types of drugs capable of triggering a fibrosing DILD. […] Some autoimmune diseases predispose the development of some fibrosing DILDs.

• #104 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #105 Interstitial lung disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113

  Finding the cause of interstitial lung disease can be challenging, and sometimes the cause can’t be found. Many conditions fall into the category of ILD. […] Certain bloodwork can detect proteins, antibodies and other markers of autoimmune diseases or inflammatory responses to environmental exposures, such as those caused by molds or bird protein. […] Sometimes interstitial lung diseases can be diagnosed only by looking at a small amount of lung tissue in a lab what’s known as a biopsy. […] Because many of the different types of scarring diseases have no approved or proven therapies, clinical trials may be an option to get an experimental treatment. […] Treatment may vary depending on the cause of ILD and what damage has happened in the lungs. […] If you have symptoms of acid reflux, your healthcare professional may prescribe ways to treat GERD that reduce stomach acid. […] A lung transplant may be an option of last resort for some people with severe interstitial lung disease when other treatment options haven’t helped.

• #106 Seven Things Everyone Should Know about Interstitial Lung Disease

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/living-with-chronic-lung-disease/seven-things-everyone-should-know-about-interstitial-lung-disease

  According to Dr. Solomon, causes can range from autoimmune disease and environmental influences to reasons unknown. […] Diagnosis involves more than just understanding what form of ILD is involved. […] If we think you have untreated reflux, we’re super aggressive in treating it, because we think it’ll slow down the progression of your disease if we get control of it, explained Dr. Solomon.

• #107 Medicine-induced Lung Disease

  https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUArticles/June2016/MedicineInducedLungDisease.html

  Drug-induced lung injury can be caused by myriad different medicines. […] The most common form of drug-induced lung injury (DLI) is interstitial lung disease (also called interstitial pneumonia or interstitial pneumonitis). […] Medicines, herbal medicines, supplements and recreational drugs can all cause DLI. […] Over 450 drugs have been implicated with ILD. […] Other non-medicine causes of DLI include talc and cocaine. […] The likelihood of developing adverse pulmonary effects secondary to medicines remains largely unpredictable and idiosyncratic. […] However, possible risk factors include smoking, age, ethnicity, dose, pre-existing lung disease, and interactions. […] The mechanisms of DLI are unknown, but may include a direct toxic effect due to high local concentrations of the medicine or the large surface area of the lungs, lung-specific metabolism of a medicine to a toxic metabolite, immune activation, and deposition of phospholipids within cells. […] Failure to appreciate the relationship between the medicine and lung injury may lead to significant morbidity or death. […] If DLI is diagnosed early, the patient may make a full recovery. Delayed diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity or death.

• #108 What is Interstitial Lung Disease? Don’t Dismiss These Symptoms

  https://www.baystatehealth.org/articles/what-is-interstitial-lung-disease

  According to Michele Hart, RN, a pulmonary nurse clinician at Baystate Pulmonary Rehabilitation, one out of every 200 American adults over 70 has whats known as an interstitial lung disease (ILD). Undetected and untreated, they can cause irreversible lung damage, limit your quality of life, and, in some cases, be fatal. […] ILD actually refers to a group of over 200 conditions that cause inflammation and scarringor fibrosisin your lungs, says Hart. […] Interstitial lung disease can be triggered by many different things. Some, says Hart, can be hereditary, especially pulmonary fibrosis (PF). One hereditary form of PF affects 3-20% of all ILDs diagnoses. In fact, one in five people with PF have family history or ILDs. […] Beyond genetics, other causes of ILDs include: Autoimmune diseases, including Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma; Environmental and occupational exposures, such as mold spores, bacteria, asbestos, silica, coal dust, hard metal dust, and animal proteins, most notably those found in the droppings of caged or indoor birds; Medications, including those used to treat cancer (chemotherapy drugs), abnormal heart rhythms (Amiodarone), inflammatory conditions (Methotrexate), urinary tract infections (Nitrofurantoin); Radiation treatments to the chest may also cause scarring of the lungs. […] Interstitial lung diseases can be especially dangerous if undetected or untreated. They can cause irreversible lung damage, limit your quality of life, and, in some cases, be fatal.

• #109 Interstitial Lung Diseases | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/chronic-pulmonary-disorders/pulmonary-fibrosis/nuccio-interstitial-lung-diseases/

  ILDs, regardless of their etiologies, will progress, and as treatments are developed, the most benefit will be gained if begun early. […] Although treatment with corticosteroids is usually recommended for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), this therapy has failed to alter the outcomes in most patients. […] Disorders such as hypersensitivity pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, and desquamative interstitial pneumonia are responsive to corticosteroid treatment. […] A biopsy can prove to be helpful in assessing disease activity, excluding certain processes that sometimes mimic interstitial diseases, and establishing a definitive diagnosis. […] PFTs, including spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity, are necessary in determining the severity of the illness.

• #110 Basics of Interstitial Lung Diseases | ILD Collaborative

  https://www.ildcollaborative.org/resources/basics-of-ilds

  Approximately 35% of ILDs have a known cause. The other 65% have an unknown cause. ILDs with a known cause include: Pneumoconioses caused by breathing in dust from asbestos, silica, coal, or heavy metals, usually over a long time on the job. Specific names are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers pneumoconiosis. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by breathing in animal or vegetable dust. Some people call this condition farmers lung or pigeon breeders lung. Common sources of animal or vegetable dust are husks, bark, wood, animal dander, bacteria, fungi, insects and insect fragments, bird droppings, dried urine of rodents, moldy hay/straw/grain, and bird feathers. Iatrogenic ILD caused by medical treatment, either from medication side effects or radiation treatment side effects. Some types of chemotherapy medications, anti-inflammatory medications, biologic therapies, and heart disease medications can cause ILD in rare cases. Post-infectious ILD caused by complications from a lung infection. Lung infections can be from fungus, bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Autoimmune disease-related ILD caused by an underlying autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks a persons own body tissues. These include systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory myositis. Inherited ILD caused by an underlying genetic disease. These include: Dyskeratosis congenita, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gaucher syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction (type 1, type 2, type 3, or type 4), Familial adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with telomerase mutations, Familial pulmonary fibrosis associated with mutations in surfactant protein A, Familial pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

• #111 Interstitial Lung Disease: Stages, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17809-interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be caused by medication, radiation therapy, connective tissue diseases or inhaling harmful substances. […] The causes of interstitial lung disease are usually described as known or unknown. A known cause is when ILD happens because of a disease you’re living with or something you were exposed to, like certain medications, radiation or harmful substances. […] Known causes of interstitial lung disease include: Connective tissue disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus and scleroderma. […] Inhaling certain substances, like asbestos, silica, tobacco and beryllium. […] When your healthcare provider can’t find the cause of interstitial lung disease, it’s called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. […] The most common ILD with an unknown cause is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

• #112 Interstitial Lung Disease – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/lung-center/diseases-and-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease-ild

  Interstitial lung disease is caused by extrinsic or environmental exposures, intrinsic or systemic diseases, genetic disorders, or a combination of the above. […] The causes of ILD are not well understood and this sometimes makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. […] Some causes of ILD are: Environmental or occupational exposures, Autoimmune diseases, Certain drugs or medications, Genetic susceptibility.

• #113 Interstitial Lung Disease | Division of Rheumatology

  https://rheumatology.uw.edu/patient-care/patient-information-portal/interstitial-lung-disease

  Interstitial lung diseases are felt to result from an overreaction of the repair mechanisms in the lung tissue. […] There is an overabundance of fibroblasts or cells that cause scar tissue produced in the lungs in response to inflammatory chemicals such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), platelet drive growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). […] Most of the interstitial lung diseases that we see in patients with autoimmune disease for some reason affect the lower portions of the lung. […] Approximately 8-10% of people with rheumatoid arthritis will develop RA-ILD. […] Only about 2% of people with SLE will develop ILD. […] 40-60% of patients with scleroderma will develop ILD. […] The microscopic polyangiitis in particular can cause ILD in about 12% of people affected by this condition. […] Sarcoidosis is not an autoimmune disease but is an inflammatory illness that can be associated with ILD.

• #114 Interstitial Lung Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

  More than 350 drugs have been identified to cause pulmonary complications whether through reactive metabolites or as a component of a general response. […] This variant is the most common type. This main category is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia which is a combination of inflammation and fibrosis as opposed to infectious pneumonia. […] Many of the subsets of the disease are of unknown etiology. Regardless, they all ultimately share the same manner of development. […] The trigger can be a known agent that deposited within the lung tissues. In some cases, the fibrosis arises spontaneously.

• #115 What is Interstitial Lung Disease? Don’t Dismiss These Symptoms

  https://www.baystatehealth.org/articles/what-is-interstitial-lung-disease

  According to Michele Hart, RN, a pulmonary nurse clinician at Baystate Pulmonary Rehabilitation, one out of every 200 American adults over 70 has whats known as an interstitial lung disease (ILD). Undetected and untreated, they can cause irreversible lung damage, limit your quality of life, and, in some cases, be fatal. […] ILD actually refers to a group of over 200 conditions that cause inflammation and scarringor fibrosisin your lungs, says Hart. […] Interstitial lung disease can be triggered by many different things. Some, says Hart, can be hereditary, especially pulmonary fibrosis (PF). One hereditary form of PF affects 3-20% of all ILDs diagnoses. In fact, one in five people with PF have family history or ILDs. […] Beyond genetics, other causes of ILDs include: Autoimmune diseases, including Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma; Environmental and occupational exposures, such as mold spores, bacteria, asbestos, silica, coal dust, hard metal dust, and animal proteins, most notably those found in the droppings of caged or indoor birds; Medications, including those used to treat cancer (chemotherapy drugs), abnormal heart rhythms (Amiodarone), inflammatory conditions (Methotrexate), urinary tract infections (Nitrofurantoin); Radiation treatments to the chest may also cause scarring of the lungs. […] Interstitial lung diseases can be especially dangerous if undetected or untreated. They can cause irreversible lung damage, limit your quality of life, and, in some cases, be fatal.

• #116 Interstitial Lung Diseases | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/chronic-pulmonary-disorders/pulmonary-fibrosis/nuccio-interstitial-lung-diseases/

  ILDs, regardless of their etiologies, will progress, and as treatments are developed, the most benefit will be gained if begun early. […] Although treatment with corticosteroids is usually recommended for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), this therapy has failed to alter the outcomes in most patients. […] Disorders such as hypersensitivity pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, and desquamative interstitial pneumonia are responsive to corticosteroid treatment. […] A biopsy can prove to be helpful in assessing disease activity, excluding certain processes that sometimes mimic interstitial diseases, and establishing a definitive diagnosis. […] PFTs, including spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity, are necessary in determining the severity of the illness.

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