Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Interstitial Lung Disease Epidemiology in the Past Three Decades: A Narrative Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7350

  Current epidemiological data on interstitial lung disease (ILD) are still poor. […] The scope of the narrative review is to report ILD incidence and prevalence in registries from different countries in the last three decades. […] Significant discrepancies in ILD and ILD subtype prevalence and incidence among countries are reported in registries. […] ILD epidemiological registries are progressively ameliorating through better adherence to updated guidelines and classification codes. […] An accurate and definite diagnosis and compilation of ILD epidemiological registries will be useful for a more precise monitoring of disease progression and treatment. […] The registries published in the last three decades show significant discrepancies in prevalence and incidence of ILD and subtypes among different countries.

• #1 The prevalence and burden of interstitial lung diseases in the USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8819246/

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a significant contributor to disability and deaths in the USA. The prevalence and deaths from ILDs have increased but when adjusted for age, have been stable since 2010. […] In 2019, in the USA, there was an estimated 654841 cases of ILDs, 429786 DALYs and 21505 deaths from ILDs. […] The overall crude prevalence increased 19.1% from 2010 to 2019, however, the age-standardised prevalence rate was stable. […] In 2019, the crude DALYs from ILDs per 100000 was 142.4 in males and 118.2 in females. The age-standardised DALYs from ILDs per 100000 was 93.3 in males and 69.3 in females. The overall crude DALYs rate increased 15.8% from 2010 to 2019. The age-standardised DALYs rate have been stable since 2010. […] In 2019, the crude deaths from ILDs per 100000 was 7.3 in males and 5.9 in females. The age-standardised deaths from ILDs per 100000 was 4.6 in males and 2.9 in females. The crude death rates increased 18.1% compared to 2010. The age-standardised death rates were stable.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-020-01578-6

  Some patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis exhibit a progressive clinical phenotype. […] Here we carry out the first systematic review of literature on the prevalence of fibrosing ILDs and progressive fibrosing ILDs using data from physician surveys to estimate frequency of progression among different ILDs. […] We identified 16 publications, including five reporting overall ILD prevalence, estimated at 6.3-76.0 per 100,000 people in Europe (four studies) and 74.3 per 100,000 in the USA (one study). […] In total, 13-40% of ILDs were estimated to develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype, with overall prevalence estimates for progressive fibrosing ILDs of 2.2-20.0 per 100,000 in Europe and 28.0 per 100,000 in the USA. […] The overall prevalence estimates for progressive fibrosing ILDs were 2.2-20.0 per 100,000 in Europe and 28.0 per 100,000 in the USA, with 13-40% of ILDs estimated to develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype.

• #2 Frontiers | Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890/full

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a growing global health issue, with an increase of 86% in ILD-related mortality and predicted to account for 0.26% of all-cause mortality in 2027 in the world. A recent study found that the prevalence of ILD ranged from 6.3 to 71 per 100,000 people, and the incidence rate of ILD ranged from 1 to 31.5 per 100,000 people per year. Another study from France reported a prevalence rate of 97.9 per 100,000 and incidence of 19.4 per 100,000 for individual per year. Specifically, this study reported Sarcoidosis and IPF as the most commonly reported ILDs in Europe and North America. In addition, hypersensitivity pneumonitis was commonly reported condition in Asia, with reported rates of ranging from 10.7 to 47.3% of all ILDs in India and 12.6% in Pakistan. On the other hand, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) was commonly reported in Canada (33.3%). In Belgium, the incidence of CTD-ILD was estimated to be around 7.5% cases per 100,000 population per year. The British Lung Foundation estimated the incidence rate of IPF is about 50 per 100,000 population per year in the UK. There are limited studies regarding the prevalence and incidence rate of ILD in Saudi Arabia. However, a recently, a study by Kaul et al. reported variability in the global prevalence of ILD. This epidemiologic study presented findings on the prevalence of connective tissue disease cases in Saudi Arabia, reporting a rate of (34.8%). In addition, one study by Alhamad recruited 330 patients with ILD from a single tertiary care center. Included patients were native Saudis with a mean age of 55.4 years and were mainly female (61.2%). As above, 34.8% of cases of ILD were CTD-ILD, followed by IPF (23.3%), Sarcoidosis (20%), and HP (6.3%).

• #3 Incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung diseases worldwide: a systematic literature review | BMJ Open Respiratory Research

  https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001291

  Guo et al reported ILD incidence ranged from 4.6 to 31.5 per 100000 persons in Europe and North America. A recent study using Global Burden of Disease data indicated the global ILD incidence in the past 10 years has risen by 51% (313.2 cases in 1990 to 207.2 per 100000 cases in 2019). […] This review highlights the lack of uniformity in the published estimates of incidence and prevalence of ILD conditions. In addition, there is a dissimilarity in disease definitions across the studies and geographical regions. Owing to these discrepancies, we were unable to derive estimates for the global incidence and prevalence of ILD and moreover unable to confirm whether there has been a true increase in ILD incidence over time.

• #3 Incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung diseases worldwide: a systematic literature review | BMJ Open Respiratory Research

  https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001291

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a collective term representing a diverse group of pulmonary fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. Due to the diversity of ILD conditions, paucity of guidance and updates to diagnostic criteria over time, it has been challenging to precisely determine ILD incidence and prevalence. This systematic review provides a synthesis of published data at a global level and highlights gaps in the current knowledge base. […] The prevalence of IPF ranged from 7 to 1650 per 100000 persons. Prevalence of SSc ILD and RA ILD ranged from 26.1% to 88.1% and 0.6% to 63.7%, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the reported incidence of various ILD subtypes. […] Epidemiological data for non-IPF ILDs is inconsistent which makes it challenging to fully appreciate the ILD landscape. A recent review reported the prevalence of ILD in myositis conditions ranged from 23% in America to 50% in Asia.

• #4 SciELO Brazil – Relative incidence of interstitial lung diseases in Brazil Relative incidence of interstitial lung diseases in Brazil

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/75cFWLNpX39rvVBFq64KcZH/

  The present study evaluated the relative frequency of ILDs in Brazil using registries of incident cases in a multicenter setting and compared the findings with those observed in other countries. […] Our findings show that connective tissue disease-associated ILD is the most common ILD in Brazil, followed by HP. These results highlight the need for close collaboration between pulmonologists and rheumatologists, the importance of detailed questioning of patients in regard with potential exposure to antigens, and the need for public health campaigns to stress the importance of avoiding such exposure. […] In the present survey of 1,406 cases in six referral centers in Brazil, the most commonly diagnosed ILDs, in descending order, CTD-ILD, HP, IPF, unclassifiable ILD, and sarcoidosis. […] Given the fact that ILD may complicate the course of any CTD, and that ILD can precede signs of CTD, and these signs can be subtle, an underlying CTD should be ruled out in every ILD, even if clinical suspicion is low or absent. Autoantibody screening should be performed in patients with ILD with an unclear diagnosis after careful clinical evaluation. […] Understanding the epidemiology of ILDs in Brazil allows the health care system to make informed decisions about mastering allocation of resources to meet local needs, which are of particular importance in the era of emerging ILD therapies, which often have high costs.

• #5 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Relative incidence of interstitial lung diseases in Brazil

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/3938/en-US/relative-incidence-of-interstitial-lung-diseases-in-brazil

  Objective: To assess the relative frequency of incident cases of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in Brazil. […] A better understanding of the epidemiology of ILDs would enable the identification of possible risk factors and targets related to prevention and intervention. […] The accurate diagnosis of ILDs remains a challenge. […] The present study evaluated the relative frequency of ILDs in Brazil using registries of incident cases in a multicenter setting and compared the findings with those observed in other countries. […] In the present survey of 1,406 cases in six referral centers in Brazil, the most commonly diagnosed ILDs, in descending order, CTD-ILD, HP, IPF, unclassifiable ILD, and sarcoidosis. […] The incidence of sarcoidosis was 6.3% in the present study. […] In this study, ILD was attributed to drugs or radiation in 2.6% of cases. […] Understanding the epidemiology of ILDs in Brazil allows the health care system to make informed decisions about mastering allocation of resources to meet local needs, which are of particular importance in the era of emerging ILD therapies, which often have high costs.

• #6 Estimates of epidemiology, mortality and disease burden associated with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease in France (the PROGRESS study) | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-021-01749-1

  There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology, survival estimates and healthcare resource utilisation and associated costs of patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) in France. […] The estimated incidence of PF-ILD ranged from 4.0 to 4.7/100,000 person-years and the estimated prevalence from 6.6 to 19.4/100,000 persons. […] This large, real-world, longitudinal study provides important insights into the characteristics, epidemiology and healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with PF-ILD in France using a comprehensive and exhaustive database, and provides vital evidence that PF-ILD represents a high burden on both patients and healthcare services. […] The overall incidence estimates for PF-ILD per 100,000 person-years ranged from 4.0 to 4.7.

• #7 Estimates of epidemiology, mortality and disease burden associated with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease in France (the PROGRESS study) | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-021-01749-1

  The overall prevalence estimates for PF-ILD per 100,000 persons increased each year from 6.6 to 19.4 in 2016. […] This study investigated the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, mortality and healthcare resource use and associated costs of patients meeting criteria for PF-ILD in France. […] There was a trend for increased prevalence and incidence rates of PF-ILD from 2010 to 2016. […] Overall, healthcare resource data for investigations and treatments suggest that patients with PF-ILD may not receive sufficient care, and may benefit from being treated in specialised centres.

• #8 Global incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-021-01791-z

  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive debilitating lung disease with considerable morbidity. Heterogeneity in epidemiologic studies means the full impact of the disease is unclear. A targeted literature search for population-based, observational studies reporting incidence and/or prevalence of IPF from January 2009 to April 2020 was conducted. Overall, 22 studies covering 12 countries met the inclusion criteria, with 15 reporting incidence and 18 reporting prevalence estimates. The adjusted incidence estimates (per 10,000 of the population) ranged from 0.35 to 1.30 in AsiaPacific countries, 0.09 to 0.49 in Europe, and 0.75 to 0.93 in North America. The adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 0.57 to 4.51 in AsiaPacific countries, 0.33 to 2.51 in Europe, and 2.40 to 2.98 in North America. South Korea had the highest incidence and prevalence estimates. When prevalence estimates were compared to country-specific rare disease thresholds, IPF met the definition of a rare disease in all countries except South Korea. There were notable geographic gaps for IPF epidemiologic data. Due to differences in study methodologies, there is worldwide variability in the reported incidence and prevalence of IPF. Based on the countries included in our analysis, we estimated the adjusted incidence and prevalence of IPF to be in the range of 0.091.30 and 0.334.51 per 10,000 persons, respectively. According to these prevalence estimates, IPF remains a rare disease. Epidemiology estimates of IPF are derived using various data sources. For those using claims databases, it is important to differentiate between specific versus non-specific case definitions of IPF, as estimates can vary drastically depending on the definitions used. Single studies describing the epidemiology of IPF can also be misleading if age, sex, and other risk factors are not taken into consideration. Globally, patient numbers are rising, which may be attributed to, among other causes, an aging population, a higher degree of disease awareness and improved diagnostic tools. Overall, owing to diagnostic challenges, updated diagnostic criteria, and differences in study methodologies there is substantial heterogeneity between studies providing estimated epidemiology data in IPF, impacting the understanding of global disease burden.

• #9 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301226-overview

  No large-scale studies of the incidence or prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are available on which to base formal estimates. […] In a retrospective administrative patient claim data study by Raghu et al in 2016, the annual cumulative prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in adults aged 18-64 years in the United States has increased from 13.4 cases per 100,000 persons in 2005 to 18.2 cases per 100,000 persons in 2010. […] A population-based cohort study was completed in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1997 and 2005, with the intention of updating and describing the incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. […] The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rate of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis among residents aged 50 years or older ranges from 8.8 cases per 100,000 person-years (narrow-case criteria) to 17.4 cases per 100,000 person-years (broad-case criteria).

• #10

  https://journals.lww.com/ijru/fulltext/2021/16001/epidemiology_and_prevalence_of_connective_tissue.2.aspx

  Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently seen in Connective Tissue Disorders (CTDs), most commonly in systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic inflammatory myositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic vasculitides. […] Various modalities of detection of ILD are present of which high-resolution computed tomography is the most sensitive. […] It briefly discusses various epidemiological factors associated with ILD and factors that predispose the patient to the development of ILD. […] Around 40% of patients with CTDs have underlying ILD. […] It is important to diagnose an underlying CTD because treatment options differ, and the prognosis of CTD-ILD is better than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. […] The incidence and prevalence of ILD in SSc have been poorly studied, and the data derived are mostly from cohort studies that describe the proportion of ILD in SSc.

• #11

  https://journals.lww.com/ijru/fulltext/2021/16001/epidemiology_and_prevalence_of_connective_tissue.2.aspx

  The proportion of SSc patients with ILD was reported to be between 30% and 52.3%. […] The incidence of SSc-ILD ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe, and incidence-specific data for North America were not identified in this review. […] The prevalence of ILD in Indian patients varied with the method of detection, ranging from 20% to 65% where chest radiographs were used and up to 97% when HRCT was used, with NSIP being the most common pattern. […] A variable proportion of patients (30%-76%) of RA have ILD detected by imaging modalities, but only about 5%-10% are clinically significant. […] In summary, clinical ILD is present in about 10% of patients with RA and subclinical in about 30%, with the most common pattern being UIP. […] The prevalence of ILD in myositis is reported between 20% and 78% depending on the modality of imaging used.

• #12

  https://journals.lww.com/ijru/fulltext/2021/16001/epidemiology_and_prevalence_of_connective_tissue.2.aspx

  ILD is the most common pulmonary manifestation with SjS with a prevalence of around 16%-20%. […] The prevalence of ILD increases with disease duration 10% in the 1st year of diagnosis, 20% after 5 years, and 47% after 15 years of diagnosis. […] ILD affects 1%-15% of lupus patients. […] In a large Indian study of lupus reported from various centers, the incidence of ILD was 2%. […] MCTD is the prototype overlap CTD, and the lungs are involved in 20%-80% of the cases, although most are asymptomatic. […] Hence, ILD in MCTD is common and usually of NSIP pattern. […] However, the true incidence and prevalence studies of ILD in CTD are lacking. […] This calls for epidemiological studies from different parts of the country for a better estimation of the disease burden.

• #13 Incidence, prevalence, and national burden of interstitial lung diseases in India: Estimates from two studies of 3089 subjects | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271665

  The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in developing countries remains unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence, prevalence, and national burden of ILDs in India. […] The crude annual incidence and prevalence of ILDs were 10.120.2 and 49.098.1, respectively per 100,000 population. […] The best primary estimates for the crude national burden of all ILDs, sarcoidosis, CTD-ILD, IPF, HP, and other ILDs (in thousands) were 433867, 213427, 75150, 51102, 54109, and 3978. […] In contrast to developed countries, sarcoidosis and HP are the ILDs with the highest burden in India. […] The estimated crude annual ILD incidence and prevalence in our region (per 100,000 population) were 10.120.2, and 49.098.1, respectively, while the standardized national prevalent burden was 0.450.89 million.

• #13 Incidence, prevalence, and national burden of interstitial lung diseases in India: Estimates from two studies of 3089 subjects | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271665

  To our knowledge, this is the first study on the incidence, prevalence, and burden of ILDs from a developing country. […] Our best estimated crude annual ILD incidence (10.120.2/100,000) lies within the overall range (170.1 per 100,000 population) reported in other studies. […] The alternative estimates suggest that sarcoidosis (127.2254.5 thousand cases) and HP (130.5260.9 thousand cases) have a particularly significant presence in the country. […] Despite being rare, the ILDs represent a significant disease burden. Population-based, multicenter studies from different geographic regions are required to better define the epidemiology of ILDs in India.

• #14 Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301337-overview

  As a group, diffuse interstitial diseases of the lung are uncommon. Of patients referred to a pulmonary disease specialist, an estimated 10-15% have a DPLD. […] In the United States, the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study estimated over 650,000 cases, with an age-standardized prevalence varying from 101 to 156 cases per 100,000 people among states. […] One multicenter study that included 5275 ILD patients in the United States showed a racial and ethnic group breakdown of 83.2% White, 10.2% Black, and 6.7% Hispanic patients. The etiology of ILD varied among racial and ethnic groups, with IPF having the highest prevalence in White patients, HP having the highest prevalence in Hispanic patients, and CTD-ILD having the highest prevalence in Black patients. […] Evaluation of data from the GBD study showed a higher prevalence of ILD among females, with age-adjusted prevalence of 131.4 per 100,000, compared to 121.3 per 100,000 in males in the United States. […] Many of the DPLDs develop over many years and therefore are more prevalent in older adults. For example, most patients with IPF present in the sixth or greater decade of life.

• #15 Interstitial lung diseases – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/interstitial-lung-diseases/

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of rare, highly morbid pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and progressive scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. […] While most forms of ILD have similar clinical features, different types of ILD have unique epidemiological and radiographic features. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of ILD, characterized by irreversible pulmonary fibrosis and impaired pulmonary function. […] Epidemiology: Incidence: 10:100,000 cases per year. […] Affects mostly men 50-70 years of age. […] Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) epidemiology: most commonly affects individuals without preexisting lung conditions. […] Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) epidemiology: Incidence: 13 per 100,000 hospital admissions.

• #16 Interstitial lung diseases – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/interstitial-lung-diseases/

  Affects mostly individuals 40-50 years of age. […] Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) epidemiology: affects nonsmoker women 50-60 years of age. […] Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) epidemiology: affects men 40-50 years of age with a history of smoking. […] Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) epidemiology: affects individuals 30-50 years of age with a history of smoking. […] Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) epidemiology: affects adults (especially women) of all ages. […] Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) epidemiology: affects nonsmoker individuals between 50 and 60 years of age.

• #17

  https://www.pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/view/1046

  There was a 2:3 male to female ratio. […] Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) was the commonest ILD (38.8%) followed by Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonitis (NSIP) (15.1%). […] IPF and NSIP were the major ILDs, GERD was the only predictor of IPF.

• #18 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301226-overview

  Using data obtained from a large US healthcare claims database, the incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is higher in men aged 55 years or older, compared with women of the same age. […] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mainly affects persons aged 50 years or older. Approximately two thirds of persons diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are aged 60 years or older at the time of diagnosis. Using data obtained from a large US healthcare claims database, the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was estimated to range from 0.4-1.2 cases per 100,000 person-years for persons aged 18-34 years. However, the estimated incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in persons aged 75 years or older was significantly higher and ranged from 27.1-76.4 cases per 100,000 person-years.

• #19 Epidemiology, Risk/Prognostic Factors, and Treatment Landscape in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Literature Review – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/epidemiology-risk-prognostic-factors-and-treatment-landscape-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-associated-interstitial-lung-disease-a-systematic-literature-review/

  Epidemiology, Risk/Prognostic Factors, and Treatment Landscape in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Literature Review […] Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common lung manifestation of RA and the 2nd leading cause of death in RA patients. […] The purpose of this literature review was to characterize the epidemiology, risk/prognostic factors, and treatment landscape of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). […] Unadjusted incidence of ILD in RA patients ranged from 1.3/1,000 person-years for interstitial pneumonia-type ILD to 5.0/1,000 person-years for probable or definite ILD. RA-ILD prevalence ranged widely from 1.8% to 67%. […] Advanced age was the strongest predictor of developing ILD with pre-existing RA and poorer prognosis once RA-ILD was present. Male gender, RA disease duration, and anti-CCP/CCP2 positivity were also reported as important potential risk factors for ILD. […] This review highlights epidemiology and potential risk factors (male gender, RA duration, and anti-CCP positivity) for ILD development in RA patients.

• #20 Epidemiology of childhood interstitial lung disease in France: the RespiRare cohort | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/9/842

  Interstitial lung disease in children (chILD) are rare and mostly severe lung diseases. Very few epidemiological data are available in limited series of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of chILD in France. […] chILD was reported in 790 patients in 42 centres. The estimated 2022 prevalence in France was 44/million children (95% CI 40.76 to 47.46) and the computed incidence was 4.4/million children (95% CI 3.44 to 5.56). […] This large and systematic epidemiological study confirms a higher incidence and prevalence of chILD than previously described. In order to develop international studies, efforts are still needed to optimise the case collection and to harmonise diagnostic and management practices.

• #21 Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases (chILD) Recognition: When Epidemiology Increases a Rare Disease Incidence | Archivos de Bronconeumología

  https://www.archbronconeumol.org/es-childhood-interstitial-lung-diseases-child–articulo-S0300289622000242

  In Europe, networks for chILD have been set up since 2013, allowing close collaborations between expert clinicians and researchers of the involved countries, and promoting joints efforts to put the orphanage out of business. More than 25 countries including non-European countries are currently participating in this chILD-EU network, within various programs that were funded between 2013 and 2021 by the European Union. […] However, collecting all the incidental cases of chILD is very difficult and chILD’s incidence and prevalence remain highly underestimated, due to the lack of systematized reporting process and the high neonatal mortality. […] Interestingly, this very exhaustive study evaluates the chILD’s incidence as 8.18 cases/million of children per year, which is much higher than previously suggested (1.32/million in Germany). The prevalence follows the same trend with a prevalence of 46.53 cases/million of children that is also much higher than previously reported (3.6/million in UK and Ireland, 1.5 cases/million in Australasia).

• #22 Epidemiology of childhood interstitial lung – ProQuest

  https://search.proquest.com/openview/f24c4fc202dfdc7fbf6ee2816d6b4aaa/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2041050

  Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) are rare and mostly severe disorders. Epidemiological studies are incomplete and based on non-systematic reporting systems. The development of clinical trials is needed and requires precise epidemiological data in organised networks. […] The current study included the highest number of chILD ever reported in a single country and retrospectively and prospectively evaluates the prevalence and incidence of chILD as well as the diagnosis repartition, investigations results, treatment and prognosis. […] Such study represents a crucial basis for further cohort studies and clinical trials in France and in Europe. It encourages all countries to implement standardised reporting procedures to confirm that chILD is not as rare as initially assumed. […] The reported incidence varied from 1.3 cases/million of children per year in 2009 to 8.2 cases/million of children per year in 2022 and the prevalence from 1.5 cases/million of children in 2017 to 46.5/cases million of children, increasing in recent years, probably because of an improvement of the reporting systems.

• #23 Unravelling the health and economic burden of interstitial lung diseases in adults in Australia

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2024/may/unravelling-the-health-and-economic-burden-of-inte

  Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are considered a significant contributor to the global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and contribute to approximately 3.0% of all chronic respiratory disease deaths and 5.0% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). […] Epidemiological data vary across geographic regions and countries partly due to differing methodology and coding systems used to identify ILDs, and differing diagnostic definitions for the ILD subtypes. […] Data from the AILDR revealed that IPF is the most frequent ILD in registrants, and for this reason, our focus here will be on the burden of IPF for which most of the data are currently analysed. […] Incidence and prevalence of IPF have demonstrated an increasing trend over the past decades, with crude incidence increasing from 7.5 per 100,000 in 1997, to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2018, and projections to increase to 16.3 per 100,000 by 2025.

• #24 About Respiratory Health Division | NIOSH | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/divisions-offices/respiratory-health.html

  RHD conducts research on airways diseases, infectious diseases, and interstitial lung diseases, among other topics. […] RHD studies trends of specific diseases and integrates mortality, morbidity, and hazard surveillance data pertaining to occupational respiratory health. […] RHD provides national and international leadership in work-related respiratory health issues. […] Collecting, analyzing, and disseminating national data to track the burden of work-related respiratory disease. […] RHD health hazard evaluations have included investigations of: […] RHD also performs experimental field studies. We investigate relationships between work and respiratory diseases to characterize potentially hazardous exposures and evaluate effectiveness of preventive interventions.

• #25 Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview

  https://lirias.kuleuven.be/1284879

  Epidemiological studies on interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) may be schematically subdivided into the following major types: 1) quantifications of disease, broken down into incidence, prevalence and mortality data; 2) identification of aetiological factors; and 3) clinical epidemiological studies. […] Epidemiological data may be obtained from different sources or population groups, using different study designs such as systematic national statistics, population-based data and registries, and large case series of specific diseases. […] Differences in results between epidemiological studies may be due to real differences in incidence, but may also be due to changes in disease definitions and classifications, differences in the epidemiological design of the studies, or even registration bias.

• #26 Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview

  https://lirias.kuleuven.be/1284879

  Comparative epidemiological data of different ILDs are almost limited to the general population study in Bernalillo County and to national mortality statistics, which should be interpreted with great caution. […] Also, some, mostly national registries of the different ILDs have been carried out by specific medical profession groups (especially pulmonologists), which clearly underestimate the real incidence of ILDs, but in which the comparison of the relative frequencies is probably accurate. […] Based on all these comparative studies, sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis appear to be the most frequent ILDs, followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis and ILD in collagen vascular disease, when classical pneumoconioses are not included. […] There is also a relatively large group of nonspecific fibrosis.

• #27 Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview

  https://lirias.kuleuven.be/1284879

  Much more data have been published on the epidemiology of specific forms of interstitial lung disease. […] Most information is available on the epidemiology of sarcoidosis, and those data are probably the most accurate. […] Data on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have the disadvantage of the recent changes in definition and classification of this disease. […] Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been studied epidemiologically, especially in some exposure groups such as farmers and pigeon breeders, and in some regions in North America, UK, France and Scandinavia. […] Estimates of frequencies of interstitial lung disease in collagen vascular disease or of drug-induced interstitial lung disease are less accurate and more variable, depending on diagnostic criteria. […] Notwithstanding the aforementioned problems, this report tries to provide a balanced overview of the epidemiology of different interstitial lung diseases.

• #28 Epidemiology and Clinico-radiological features of – ProQuest

  http://search.proquest.com/openview/7509bc72a1ce3e6d35995636845fb1cf/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1616337

  A recent study from India demonstrated need of research with biomarkers and genetic studies to evaluate contributory environmental factors in ILD registries. […] In our region, where pulmonary tuberculosis is the most prevalent of all the endemic respiratory ailments, the ILDs have been sparsely studied and are often underdiagnosed.

• #29 Unravelling the health and economic burden of interstitial lung diseases in adults in Australia

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2024/may/unravelling-the-health-and-economic-burden-of-inte

  Similarly, crude prevalence was 23.7 per 100,000 in 1997, 42.7 per 100,000 by 2018 and is projected to increase to 48.3 per 100,000 by 2025. […] Mortality also increased between 1997 and 2016 from 5.2 to 6.8 per 100,000, but with new treatment regimens for IPF available from 2017, a slight decreasing trend was demonstrated, with estimates of 6.6 per 100,000 in 2022 and projected estimates in 2025 of 6.4 per 100,000. […] Given the heavy symptom burden associated with IPF, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important measure for clinical evaluation and patient care. […] The health economic evidence serves as an integral tool to translate clinical research outputs into a language that influences policymakers and subsequent resource allocation for health services. […] Future work will focus on clearly defining the epidemiological burden of ILDs in Australia beyond IPF, defining the health burden with a broader investigation of HRQoL across all ILDs, and assessing the economic burden associated with ILDs.

• #30 Interstitial Lung Disease Epidemiology in the Past Three Decades: A Narrative Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7350

  These discrepancies could be determined by different ethnicities and socioeconomic conditions among populations. […] Moreover, the various updates in ILD diagnosis and classification made over the last thirty years can be cause of instrumental limitation for the diagnosis obtaining misdiagnosis and/or lack of inclusion of possible ILD cases in their respective national registry. […] Accurate diagnosis made by multidisciplinary panels and coding practices according to continuously updated guidelines will lead to more precise ILD classification. […] A definite compilation of ILD epidemiological registries will be useful for better monitoring disease progression and treatment, especially with anti-fibrotic drugs and lung transplantation.

• #31 The epidemiology of interstitial lung disease and its association with lung cancer | British Journal of Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6602061

  The criteria and terminology for diagnosing interstitial lung disease (ILD), a diverse range of pulmonary fibrotic disorders that affect the alveoli of the lungs, have been variable and confusing; however, there have been recent major improvements to an internationally agreed classification. Evidence from recent analyses of populations suggests that the incidence and prevalence rates of ILD are on the increase, particularly when the broad definition of ILD is used. […] The possibility that ILD and lung cancer are associated has been recognised for 50 years, but it remains unclear whether ILD precedes lung cancer or vice versa. In this review, we examine the epidemiology of ILD and the basis for its association with lung cancer. […] In line with these observed increases in the prevalence of ILDs, a recent study of the healthcare cost has shown a rise in rates.

• #32 Clinical and Functional Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease in Algeria: A Single-Center Prospective Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-527X/4/1/2

  These disparities may reflect methodological differences and demographic or environmental specificities, although the frequency of the majority of ILDs is influenced by age, sex, ethnicity, and tobacco exposure. […] Our findings suggest that in Algeria, sarcoidosis as well as IPF has a relatively low incidence among all ILDs, although, based on the population seen only in a pulmonological environment, however, a selection bias cannot be excluded.

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