Materiały źródłowe

• #1 NCP: Nursing Care Plans for Bronchiectasis ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/ncp-nursing-care-plans-for.html

  Bronchiectasis is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by permanent abnormal dilatation and destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the walls of major bronchi and bronchioles. The disease has three forms: cylindrical (fusiform), varicose, and saccular (cystic). It affects people of both sexes and all ages. Chief clinical features of the disease are cough, daily mucus hypersecretion, Dyspnea, and recurrent respiratory tract infections, which may be accompanied by Hemoptysis. […] Patients history of recurrent bronchopulmonary infections and symptoms of chronic productive cough are hallmark features of bronchiectasis. Pain and dyspnea are also common. The history of acute, even if delayed, onset of bronchiectasis can sometimes be traced to a definite illness, pneumonia, or aspiration event in patients with postobstructive or infectious bronchiectasis. Those patients with underlying congenital or immune disorders usually demonstrate a more insidious disease onset. Cough is present in 90% of patients. Daily (often purulent) sputum production occurs in 75% of patients and varies in volume from 10-500 ml. Pleuritic chest pain represents distended peripheral airways or distal pneumonitis adjacent to a visceral pleural surface. This symptom occurs in 50% of bronchiectasis patients. Repeated episodes of fever, pleurisy, and/or sinusitis are also common. Weakness, dyspnea, and weight loss are seen in patients during infectious exacerbations or those with extensive disease.

• #1 Bronchiectasis | Pulmonology & Critical Care | Loyola Medicine

  https://www.loyolamedicine.org/services/pulmonology-and-critical-care/pulmonology-critical-care-conditions/bronchiectasis

  Bronchiectasis can occur in one or both lungs. Although there is no cure for bronchiectasis, it can be managed with the right treatment. […] The most vital step taken by a pulmonary and critical care unit when treating bronchiectasis is to identify and treat the underlying cause. If the cause is an infection, it will need to be treated and monitored. Treatment options include: […] Chest physiotherapy or breathing exercises to clear the airways […] Pulmonary rehabilitation […] Antibiotics to treat any infection […] Bronchodilators to open blocked or narrowed airways […] Medications to thin mucus […] Expectorants to help with coughing up mucus […] Vaccinations to reduce the risk of respiratory infections. […] If the underlying cause is cystic fibrosis, treatments for cystic fibrosis can worsen bronchiectasis. Clearance of the airways and oxygen therapy can help decrease mucus buildup and improve lung function. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged areas of the bronchus.

• #1 Bronchiectasis Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/bronchiectasis/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with bronchiectasis in this study guide. […] Nursing management focuses on alleviating the symptoms and helping patients clear pulmonary secretions. […] Nursing assessment of a patient with bronchiectasis include: Evaluation of current smoking status. Evaluation of current exposure to occupational toxins or pollutants and in indoor/outdoor pollution. Assess the patients current level of functioning. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for a patient with bronchiectasis are: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation-perfusion imbalance. Ineffective airway clearance related to increased mucus production. Ineffective breathing pattern related to mucus and airway irritants. Activity intolerance related to hypoxemia and ineffective breathing patterns.

• #1 Bronchiectasis Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/bronchiectasis/

  The focus of documentation for patients with bronchiectasis include: Respiratory rate, character of breath sounds, and presence of cyanosis. Frequency, amount, and appearance of secretions. Character of cough. Relevant history of the problem. Respiratory pattern. Use of respiratory aids. Level of activity. Vital signs before, during, and after the activity. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Clients responses to treatment, teaching, and actions performed. Attainment or progress towards desired outcomes. Modifications to plan of care. Long term needs.

• #1 Bronchiectasis Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/bronchiectasis/

  The goals for a patient with bronchiectasis include: Improvement in gas exchange. Achievement of airway clearance. Improvement in breathing pattern. Improvement in activity tolerance. […] Nursing interventions focus on the following: Smoking cessation. Patient teaching targets smoking and other factors that increase the production of mucus and hamper its removal. Bronchodilators. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed. Postural drainage. Perform postural drainage with percussion and vibration in the morning and at night as prescribed. Antibiotics. Administer antibiotics as prescribed. Activities. Encourage alternating activity with rest periods. […] Expected patient outcomes are: Improved gas exchange. Achieved effective airway clearance. Improved breathing patterns. Improved activity tolerance.

• #1 Patient Education – Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/pulmonary/patient-care/pulmonary-subspecialty-care/unc-center-for-bronchiectasis-care/patient-education/

  Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease of the lung that can interfere greatly with quality of life in affected individuals. But with proper treatment and monitoring it is possible to improve many of the symptoms associated with bronchiectasis. […] Although there is no cure for bronchiectasis, once a diagnosis is established, a program of care can be instituted to plan for significant improvements in quality of life, control of symptoms, a reduction in need for urgent treatments (for chest infections, or exacerbations, for example), and most importantly, a reduction in hospitalizations. […] Good clinical care of people with mycobacterial lung infections requires experienced clinicians, with good teamwork, hence the creation of the UNC Center for Bronchiectasis Care. […] Airway clearance is how we move mucus out of the airways. In bronchiectasis and NTM infection, there is impaired clearance of the mucus, regardless of the cause.

• #1 Patient Education – Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/pulmonary/patient-care/pulmonary-subspecialty-care/unc-center-for-bronchiectasis-care/patient-education/

  The best method is the one that works for you. If you find it effective, you are more likely to do it. If it fits into your life, you are more likely to do it. […] Think of airway clearance as bronchial hygiene. Like dental hygiene, we recommend performing bronchial hygiene at least twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. […] When you are sick with an exacerbation, or an acute worsening of your lung disease, you have more mucus that needs to be cleared out of your airways. You should increase your airway clearance frequency to make up for this. […] Nebulizer cups and hand-held airway clearance devices need to be cleaned with warm soapy sterile water after each use. Additionally, the cups and hand-held devices should be sterilized daily.

• #1 Bronchiectasis Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/bronchiectasis/

  The nurse should educate the patient with the following home care instructions: Smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is important, because smoking impairs bronchial drainage by paralyzing ciliary actions, increasing bronchial secretions, and causing inflammation of the mucous membranes. Postural drainage. Patient and families are taught to perform postural drainage. Exposure to infections. The nurse educates the patient and the family to avoid exposure to people with upper respiratory or other infections. Signs of infection. The patient is taught about the early signs of respiratory infection and the progression of the disorder, so that appropriate treatment can be implemented promptly. Nutrition. The patients nutritional status is assessed and strategies are implemented to ensure adequate diet at home.

• #1 Raising awareness of bronchiectasis in primary care: overview of diagnosis and management strategies in adults | npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41533-017-0019-9

  The discussion between the primary care provider and patient during these routine visits provides an opportunity for ongoing patient education, a key component of disease management. […] Improving compliance with all aspects of recommended therapy is, therefore, a key goal of enhanced patient education. […] An exacerbation can be defined as a significant worsening of symptoms over several days, which may include an increase in the frequency of cough, shortness of breath, increase of sputum volume, viscosity and/or purulence. […] Patients requiring intravenous antibiotics include those with severe infections requiring hospital admission, patients with organisms resistant to oral antibiotic agents or patients who have failed to improve with targeted oral antibiotics. […] Once a patient is diagnosed, he or she should be referred to secondary care for assessment and to help determine the underlying cause of the disease. […] Secondary care teams are necessary when managing patients with severe bronchiectasis requiring long-term oxygen therapy and/or persistent symptoms requiring oral and/or inhaled antibiotics.

• #1 Self-management for bronchiectasis | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/self-management-bronchiectasis

  Agree with your doctor about what to do if you have a flare-up. You can write this in your self-management plan. You may be given antibiotics to keep at home. […] If you’re having a flare-up, you should: do your airway clearance exercise at least twice a day, take your medication as prescribed, drink plenty of water, send a phlegm (sputum) sample to your GP or hospital, start taking your rescue antibiotics if you know when you need to take them. […] Keeping active as much as possible will help to clear phlegm (sputum) from your lungs. […] You may also want to find out about pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). PR is a treatment programme that can help you to stay active with bronchiectasis. […] A healthy diet can help you stay fit and strong. […] Keeping to a healthy weight is also important because: if you are overweight you may feel more breathless than usual, if you are underweight, you may be at more risk of infections.

• #1 Bronchiectasis | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/bronchiectasis

  The University of Kansas Health System’s bronchiectasis multidisciplinary care team provides a specialized evaluation and includes pulmonology and infectious disease specialists. […] Your bronchiectasis care team includes: Pulmonologists, Infectious disease experts, Pharmacists, Other specialists as needed.

• #1 The nurse’s role in managing patients with bronchiectasis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/the-nurses-role-in-managing-patients-with-bronchiectasis-07-04-2009/

  Nurses will be involved in providing end-of-life care when patients are either not suitable for transplantation or their deterioration has accelerated. […] Because of nurses position in the multidisciplinary team, they have the potential to provide care to patients with bronchiectasis including assessing needs and coordinating the input of other healthcare professionals.

• #1 Managing my bronchiectasis – Patient Priorities

  https://europeanlunginfo.org/bronchiectasis/self-management/

  This guide has been written by people with bronchiectasis to help others living with this condition. The guide highlights why self-care is so important in being able to live well with bronchiectasis. Read about what works for many in terms of physiotherapy, exercise, diet, coping with breathlessness and fatigue, and taking care of your mental health. […] It is good advice for people with bronchiectasis to look after their general health. Eat a healthy balanced diet and take regular physical exercise. Dehydration can make mucus thicker and harder to clear and so you should stay well hydrated. […] Remember to take your medications as prescribed and get the annual influenza vaccination as well as the one-off pneumococcal vaccination. […] As people with bronchiectasis are at higher risk of picking up infections, it is a good idea to wash your hands before eating, but also before preparing medications, performing chest clearance or any other medical procedures e.g. cleaning nebulisers.

• #1 Self-management for bronchiectasis | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/self-management-bronchiectasis

  You and your healthcare professional should fill in a self-management plan together. This plan can help you to look after your bronchiectasis. […] Your plan should cover: how and when to clear your chest, what medications you take, and when to take them, when to re-order medications, what to do if you get a chest infection including where you keep your rescue antibiotics, and when to take them, and checking the colour of your phlegm, when to get emergency help, how to stay healthy such as eating well, drinking plenty of water, staying away from people who are unwell if you can, if you smoke, advice on how to quit, reminders for your annual flu vaccine, your COVID-19 vaccines and boosters, and the one-off pneumonia vaccine, a reminder of where your phlegm (sputum) pots are kept at home. […] If your symptoms have been worse than normal for more than two days, you may be having a flare-up.

• #1 Managing my bronchiectasis – Patient Priorities

  https://europeanlunginfo.org/bronchiectasis/self-management/

  Exercising and keeping active can help clear mucus from your lungs and can often give you more energy and help you sleep better. […] It has been proven that working the lungs through exercise actually improves breathlessness and reduces tiredness. […] Talk to your doctor or physiotherapist about the best exercise for you and try to do some every day, building up gradually. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation is a structured series of classes that usually take place over 6-8 weeks. It consists of exercise and education for people with chronic chest conditions but has been shown to have major benefits for people with bronchiectasis as well. […] It is common to feel very tired when you have bronchiectasis. You may find this tiredness, or fatigue overwhelming and leave you with little energy for everyday tasks.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf9063

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] If you or your child has bronchiectasis, follow directions from your doctor or respiratory therapist for moving your or your child’s body into different positions to help drain fluid. This is called postural drainage, and it helps to ease breathing and prevent infections. […] You also may do chest percussion on your child. This is strong clapping of the chest with a cupped hand to vibrate the airways in the lungs. The vibration helps your child cough up mucus. […] Use an airway clearance device, such as a flutter valve, as directed to help remove mucus from the lungs. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you are coughing up more sputum than before.

• #1 Managing my bronchiectasis – Patient Priorities

  https://europeanlunginfo.org/bronchiectasis/self-management/

  If you are feeling low for most of the time you could be depressed. Talk to someone and let them know how you are feeling. […] Lots of people with bronchiectasis find online forums and support groups very important. Connecting with others who understand how it feels to have the condition can help you feel less alone. […] Bronchiectasis does not affect your sexual ability but some associated problems such as lack of energy, coughing and breathlessness may affect your stamina, interest in sex and lead to avoidance of sexual intimacy, especially if you are worried about coughing up sputum. […] It is safe for most people to travel with bronchiectasis. If your condition is stable and you are not feeling unwell then you are likely to have no problems with flying. […] You will need medical clearance to fly if: Your fitness is in doubt as a result of a recent illness, a period in hospital, surgery or you have a condition that is unstable.

• #1 Bronchiectasis – European Lung Foundation

  https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/lung-conditions/bronchiectasis/

  With good treatment, it is possible for people with bronchiectasis to remain stable for many years and to have good control of their symptoms. […] If properly treated and monitored, most people with bronchiectasis have a normal life expectancy. […] Treatment of bronchiectasis is best provided by a team of healthcare professionals that are experienced with the condition. In many countries there are now specialised clinics dedicated to people with bronchiectasis. […] Self-management is very important for people with long-term conditions like bronchiectasis. There is a range of different things you can do day-to-day to manage your condition. These include taking your medications and doing airway clearance exercises as recommended; monitoring your symptoms and telling your healthcare professional about any changes; being physically active; eating healthy foods; and, if you smoke, stopping smoking.

• #2 Bronchiectasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430810/

  Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by persistent and lifelong widening of the bronchial airways and weakening of the function mucociliary transport mechanism owing to repeated infection contributing to bacterial invasion and mucus pooling throughout the bronchial tree. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of bronchiectasis and reviews the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. […] Most physicians recommend mucus clearance as the mainstay of therapy in bronchiectasis, Postural drainage consists of adopting a position in which the uppermost lobe is drained, and should be performed for a minimum of 5 to 10 minutes twice a day. Efficiently performed, this is of great value both in reducing the amount of cough and sputum and in preventing recurrent episodes of bronchopulmonary infection. […] Bronchiectasis is treatable but rarely curable. […] The key is to improve symptoms and prevent relapses.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/

  Bronchiectasis is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection. […] The damage caused to the lungs by bronchiectasis is permanent, but treatment can help relieve symptoms and stop the damage getting worse. […] The main treatments include exercises and special devices to help you clear mucus out of your lungs, medicine to help improve airflow within the lungs, and antibiotics to treat any lung infections that develop. […] Surgery is usually only considered for bronchiectasis in rare cases where other treatments have not been effective, the damage to your bronchi is confined to a small area, and you’re in good general health.

• #2 Bronchiectasis & Nursing care | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bronchiectasis-nursing-care/238657886

  Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. […] Symptoms include chronic cough, excessive sputum production, recurring lung infections, shortness of breath, and finger clubbing. […] Treatment focuses on airway clearance techniques, antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgery. […] Nursing diagnosis for bronchiectasis includes impaired gas exchange related to ventilation-perfusion imbalance. […] Nursing care involves assessing the general condition, collecting complete history, performing physical examination, providing comfortable bed position, and providing nutritious diet. […] Careful monitoring of the post-operative cases and health teaching about disease condition and treatment regimen are also essential.

• #2 Raising awareness of bronchiectasis in primary care: overview of diagnosis and management strategies in adults | npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41533-017-0019-9

  Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterised by recurrent infection, inflammation, persistent cough and sputum production. […] Mild and moderate cases of bronchiectasis in adults can often be managed by primary care clinicians. […] Initial assessments and long-term treatment plans that include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, however, should be undertaken in collaboration with a secondary care team that includes physiotherapists and specialists in respiratory medicine. […] Overall goals of therapy are to prevent exacerbations, improve symptoms, improve quality of life and preserve lung function. […] Patient education and cooperation with health-care providers to implement treatment plans are key to successful disease management. […] It is important for the primary care provider to work with secondary care providers to develop an individualised treatment plan to optimise care with the goal to delay disease progression.

• #2 NCP: Nursing Care Plans for Bronchiectasis ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/ncp-nursing-care-plans-for.html

  Common nursing diagnosis found in nursing care plans for Bronchiectasis: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation-perfusion inequality, Ineffective airway clearance related to bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, ineffective cough, bronchopulmonary infection, and other complications, Ineffective breathing pattern related to shortness of breath, mucus, bronchoconstriction and airway irritants, Self-care deficits related to fatigue secondary to increased work of breathing and insufficient ventilation and oxygenation, Activity intolerance due to fatigue, hypoxemia, and ineffective breathing patterns, Ineffective coping related to reduced socialization, anxiety, depression, lower activity level, and the inability to work, Deficient knowledge about self-management to be performed at home.

• #2 Raising awareness of bronchiectasis in primary care: overview of diagnosis and management strategies in adults | npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41533-017-0019-9

  The main goals of treatment are to reduce exacerbations, preserve lung function and improve the patients quality of life. […] Patients with bronchiectasis should be instructed in how to improve airway clearance using physiotherapy techniques at home or at a physiotherapy clinic. […] Specific management strategies for bronchiectasis depend on the underlying severity and cause of disease. […] Patients with mild or moderate bronchiectasis are often managed and monitored in the primary care setting. […] In the primary care setting, management should focus on monitoring the disease and implementing techniques and procedures to minimise disease progression and maximise equality of life. […] Regular clinic visits will allow the primary care provider to coordinate care with specialists and refer the patient to the appropriate specialist, as needed.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/treatment/

  The damage to the lungs associated with bronchiectasis is permanent, but treatment can help prevent the condition getting worse. […] In most cases, treatment involves a combination of medicine, exercises you can learn, and devices to help clear your airways. Surgery for bronchiectasis is rarely required. […] There are a range of exercises, known as airway clearance techniques, that can help remove mucus from your lungs. […] This can often help improve coughing and breathlessness in people with bronchiectasis. […] You can be referred to a physiotherapist, who can teach you these techniques. […] Do not attempt ACBT if you have not first been taught the steps by a suitably trained physiotherapist, as performing the techniques incorrectly could damage your lungs. […] In some cases, medicines to make breathing or clearing your lungs easier may be prescribed.

• #2 Self-management for bronchiectasis | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/self-management-bronchiectasis

  You and your healthcare professional should fill in a self-management plan together. This plan can help you to look after your bronchiectasis. […] Your plan should cover: how and when to clear your chest, what medications you take, and when to take them, when to re-order medications, what to do if you get a chest infection including where you keep your rescue antibiotics, and when to take them, and checking the colour of your phlegm, when to get emergency help, how to stay healthy such as eating well, drinking plenty of water, staying away from people who are unwell if you can, if you smoke, advice on how to quit, reminders for your annual flu vaccine, your COVID-19 vaccines and boosters, and the one-off pneumonia vaccine, a reminder of where your phlegm (sputum) pots are kept at home. […] If your symptoms have been worse than normal for more than two days, you may be having a flare-up.

• #2 Treating and Managing Bronchiectasis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiectasis/treating-and-managing

  The goal of bronchiectasis treatment is to treat any underlying conditions, prevent lung infections, remove excess mucus, and prevent flare-ups, also called exacerbations. This is done with a combination of medication, hydration and chest physical therapy. Oxygen therapy may be recommended to raise low blood oxygen levels. Surgery may be recommended in extreme situations where the bronchiectasis is isolated to a section of lung or there is excessive bleeding. […] Antibiotics are the most common treatment for bronchiectasis. Oral antibiotics are suggested for most cases, but harder to treat infections may require intravenous (IV) antibiotics. […] Mucus thinning medication and expectorants may be prescribed to help you cough up mucus. Expectorants help loosen mucus in the lungs. […] Chest Physical Therapy (CPT), or chest physiotherapy, is a technique often performed by a respiratory therapist that involves clapping on the chest in a certain way to help loosen mucus from the lungs so it can be expelled.

• #2 NCP: Nursing Care Plans for Bronchiectasis ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/ncp-nursing-care-plans-for.html

  Patient Teaching Home Health Guidance for Patient With Bronchiectasis: Instruct on early signs of pulmonary or sinus infection: change in amount or color of sputum or nasal drainage, Hemoptysis, increased Dyspnea, fever, chills, fatigue, headache, chest pain. Emphasize importance of completing full course of antimicrobial therapy to prevent relapse or development of resistant strains of organisms; include education on proper delivery of intravenous and/or aerosolized antibiotics. Teach patient and significant other effective airway clearance techniques to remove secretions and optimize ventilation. In addition to postural drainage and chest percussion, the patient may be instructed on proper use of the Flutter or PEP devices. The Vest is an alternative to chest percussion. Encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids to thin secretions and aid expectoration. Educate on avoidance of potential lung irritants: secondhand smoke, dust, noxious fumes, occupational exposures, and respiratory infections. Instruct the patient to avoid air pollutants and people with known upper respiratory tract infections. Inform patient of variety of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic smoking cessation strategies and aids. If appropriate, advise the patient to stop smoking because it stimulates secretions and irritates the airways.

• #2 Managing my bronchiectasis – Patient Priorities

  https://europeanlunginfo.org/bronchiectasis/self-management/

  Exercising and keeping active can help clear mucus from your lungs and can often give you more energy and help you sleep better. […] It has been proven that working the lungs through exercise actually improves breathlessness and reduces tiredness. […] Talk to your doctor or physiotherapist about the best exercise for you and try to do some every day, building up gradually. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation is a structured series of classes that usually take place over 6-8 weeks. It consists of exercise and education for people with chronic chest conditions but has been shown to have major benefits for people with bronchiectasis as well. […] It is common to feel very tired when you have bronchiectasis. You may find this tiredness, or fatigue overwhelming and leave you with little energy for everyday tasks.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiectasis/treatment/

  If you experience a worsening of symptoms because of a bacterial infection (infective exacerbation), you’ll need to be treated with antibiotics. […] If you’re well enough to be treated at home, you’ll probably be prescribed 2 to 3 antibiotic tablets a day for 10 to 14 days. […] It’s important to finish the course even if you feel better, as stopping the course prematurely could cause the infection to come back. […] If your symptoms are more severe, you may need to be admitted to hospital and treated with antibiotic injections. […] Surgery is only recommended for brochiectasis if: it’s only affecting a single section of your lung, your symptoms are not responding to other treatment, you do not have an underlying condition that could cause bronchiectasis to come back.

• #2 Management and goals – Bronchiectasis

  https://bronchiectasis.com.au/bronchiectasis/management/treatment-goals

  During an exacerbation, there is often a proliferation of bacterial pathogens and increased airway and systemic inflammation. Treatment with antibiotics has been shown to reduce bacterial burden as well as inflammation. […] Antibiotics for exacerbations of bronchiectasis have been shown to reduce sputum volume, sputum purulence, bacterial load, CRP, markers of sputum inflammation and improve symptoms. […] If a patient requires intravenous antibiotics, hospitalisation is indicated. […] It is important that patients admitted to hospital are also treated with appropriate airway clearance techniques. […] Supplemental oxygen therapy may be used if there is evidence of hypoxic respiratory failure.

• #2 Bronchiectasis A guide for primary care

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2012/november/bronchiectasis

  The principles of ongoing management of bronchiectasis are based on the monitoring of severity, reducing progression and complications, early treatment of acute exacerbations, minimising disability, considering transplantation in appropriate patients, managing comorbidities and early utilisation of palliative care services when necessary. […] As with any complex chronic disease, patients benefit from a multidisciplinary care approach. In the case of bronchiectasis, this may comprise input from a respiratory physician, a physiotherapist, a palliative care and mental health team and respiratory nurse. […] In general, all patients should be discussed or referred to a specialist paediatric or adult respiratory physician for initial assessment and advice regarding the development of an individualised management plan.

• #2 Bronchiectasis in adults – Sleep and Lung Care

  https://sleepandlungcare.com.au/bronchiectasis-in-adults/

  Bronchiectasis is a lung condition that causes a cough (often with mucus), shortness of breath, and other symptoms. […] Doctors can give several different treatments to help with symptoms and prevent further problems. These can include: […] Airway clearance therapy This involves loosening the mucus in the lungs so you can cough it up more easily. It is sometimes called chest physiotherapy. There is more than 1 way to do this. A doctor, nurse, or therapist can show you the different ways. […] If part of a lung is damaged or keeps getting infected, doctors might do surgery to remove the most involved areas. […] If you smoke, the most important thing you can do is to stop smoking. It does not matter how long you have smoked or how much you smoke. Quitting can slow your disease and help you feel better.

• #2 Bronchiectasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.bronchiectasis-care-instructions.uf9063

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] If you or your child has bronchiectasis, follow directions from your doctor or respiratory therapist for moving your or your child’s body into different positions to help drain fluid. This is called postural drainage, and it helps to ease breathing and prevent infections. […] You also may do chest percussion on your child. This is strong clapping of the chest with a cupped hand to vibrate the airways in the lungs. The vibration helps your child cough up mucus. You may see a respiratory therapist to learn how to do chest percussion. […] Use an airway clearance device, such as a flutter valve, as directed to help remove mucus from the lungs. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You are coughing up more sputum than before. Your symptoms get worse or do not get better with treatment.

• #2 The nurse’s role in managing patients with bronchiectasis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/the-nurses-role-in-managing-patients-with-bronchiectasis-07-04-2009/

  Patients can self-administer intravenous antibiotics at home. […] It is important to identify patients with immunoglobulin deficiency so that replacement therapy can be given. […] The inflammatory response is treated with corticosteroids by the oral, inhaled or intravenous route. […] Patients may need oxygen therapy during an exacerbation and some patients benefit from humidified oxygen as this loosens secretions and aids expectorate. […] Nurses play a vital role in the multidisciplinary team caring for patients with bronchiectasis. […] The nurse caring for patients with bronchiectasis may be involved in educating the patient following diagnosis and supporting patients and their families to cope and recognise symptoms so as to avoid complications. […] The nurse may help by promoting prevention and self-management strategies such as: a healthy diet, exercise and good hygiene habits; identifying and treating exacerbations; and encouraging adherence to treatment.

Zobacz więcej