Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prostate Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer.html

  Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the prostate, a walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system that helps produce semen and nourishes sperm. Prostate cancer forms when cells in the prostate become abnormal and start rapidly multiplying. […] Prostate cancer is also one of the most treatable cancers, with a five-year survival rate of nearly 98%. […] The disease is often slow-growing; there are effective, established treatments; and most cases are caught before cancer has spread beyond the prostate, making the disease easier to treat. […] At MD Anderson, we work together as a team of specialists to treat stage IV prostate cancer. Patients may receive: Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Supportive care. […] The average length of survival after a new, metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis is about 5 to 6 years.

• #2 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Prostate cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Sometimes other treatments are used to treat prostate cancer. These might include having ablation therapy with heat or cold to hurt the cancer cells and receiving medicine that gives radiation directly to the cancer cells. […] Your healthcare team considers many things when creating your prostate cancer treatment plan. They consider the size of your cancer, whether it has spread and how quickly it’s growing. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. Talk with your healthcare team about your options. […] Prostate cancer treatment isn’t always needed right away. Instead, the healthcare team may watch the cancer closely. Healthcare professionals call this active surveillance. It often involves regular follow-up blood tests, imaging tests and prostate biopsies. If tests show that the cancer is growing, you may choose to start treatment. For some prostate cancers, treatment may never be needed.

• #3 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York

  https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/prostate-cancer/treatments

  No two prostate cancers are alike. At Columbia Cancer, you will be seen by an entire team of specialists, including urologic oncologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Your team will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan unique to you. […] The good news is that most men with prostate cancer have an excellent prognosis, with a 10-year prostate cancer survival rate of more than 90%. […] Many prostate cancers are indolent, or slow-growing, and unlikely to cause symptoms or to spread to other parts of your body. […] Other tumors are more aggressive and need aggressive treatment. […] Active surveillance is now the preferred treatment option for most men with slow-growing prostate cancer. […] If your prostate cancer is more advanced, you may need to have your entire prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and lymph nodes removed. This surgery is called a radical prostatectomy.

• #4 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/prostate-cancer

  Prostate cancer treatment isn’t one-size-fits-all. Often, you have choices about next steps. You might have the choice to wait the cancer out. Or, you might get to choose between radiation and surgery. How do you know the best route to take? […] At UVA Health, we have all the resources you need to feel confident in your decisions and care. Our experienced experts offer skilled support in helping you map out what’s next. And we have the latest high-tech tools that give you options. […] Whatever your situation, you can trust that our specialists will optimize your treatment to meet your needs. […] Prostate cancer is often a slow-growing cancer. In this case, you have a choice to act or to wait. […] Active surveillance requires: PSA blood tests at least twice a year, usually an MRI scan of your prostate, repeat prostate biopsies to check on the cancer.

• #5 Prostate Cancer Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/prostate-cancer-treatment

  Prostate cancer is very common among men. Each year, more than 250,000 men are diagnosed in the United States, and 1 in 3 men older than 70 has a trace of the condition in their body. […] Although most patients do not die from prostate cancer, the condition still ranks as the second leading cause of cancer death among American men. […] Prostate cancer that’s just in the prostate is generally not very dangerous, says Paul L. Nguyen, MD, a Mass General Brigham radiation oncologist. But, if it spreads to other places, it can sometimes lead to death. […] The stage of someones prostate cancer typically determines the best treatment option. […] The good news? Most prostate cancers do not spread beyond the prostate. […] Dr. Nguyen recommends most of those with stage 1 prostate cancer to keep a close eye on the cancer. He urges them to monitor any changes by undergoing PSA tests every 6 months and MRIs or needle biopsies every few years.

• #6 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Though rarely used, cryotherapy is the best choice for localized prostate cancer where tumors are small and surgery is not an option. […] Immunotherapy recruits a patient’s own immune system in the fight against cancer. […] High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) kills cancer tissue in the prostate with heat generated by focused ultrasound waves. […] As one of the worlds leading cancer centers, MD Anderson is home to many clinical trials for prostate cancer patients. […] When prostate cancer is diagnosed, doctors use several different tests to determine the risk of disease progression. […] Many low-risk prostate cancers can go years or even decades without causing any serious health problems. […] Men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer should be treated in most cases. […] Some high-risk prostate cancers can be cured. In other cases it is not curable and is treated like a chronic disease that must be managed.

• #7 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Prostate cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Sometimes other treatments are used to treat prostate cancer. These might include having ablation therapy with heat or cold to hurt the cancer cells and receiving medicine that gives radiation directly to the cancer cells. […] Your healthcare team considers many things when creating your prostate cancer treatment plan. They consider the size of your cancer, whether it has spread and how quickly it’s growing. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. Talk with your healthcare team about your options. […] Prostate cancer treatment isn’t always needed right away. Instead, the healthcare team may watch the cancer closely. Healthcare professionals call this active surveillance. It often involves regular follow-up blood tests, imaging tests and prostate biopsies. If tests show that the cancer is growing, you may choose to start treatment. For some prostate cancers, treatment may never be needed.

• #8

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/treatment/

  Treatment for prostate cancer will depend on your individual circumstances. For many people with prostate cancer, no treatment will be necessary. […] When treatment is necessary, the aim is to cure or control the disease so it affects everyday life as little as possible and does not shorten life expectancy. […] Sometimes, if the cancer has already spread, the aim is not to cure it but to prolong life and delay symptoms. […] Your MDT will be able to recommend what they feel are the best treatment options, but ultimately the decision is yours. […] The risk group of the cancer will help determine which types of treatments will be necessary. […] Watchful waiting and active surveillance are different approaches to keeping an eye on the cancer and starting treatment only if it shows signs of getting worse or causing symptoms.

• #9 Treatment for prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/treatment

  HIFU uses high frequency sound waves to destroy prostate cancer cells. It isn’t a common treatment for prostate cancer and is only available in the UK in specific centres or as part of a clinical trial. […] After treatment for prostate cancer, you have regular check ups. This includes tests to check your PSA level.

• #10 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Surgery for prostate cancer most often involves removing the prostate. Surgery to remove the prostate is called prostatectomy. It’s often used when the cancer is only in the prostate. Sometimes it can treat a cancer that grows larger or spreads to the lymph nodes. […] During external beam radiation treatment for prostate cancer, you lie on a table while a linear accelerator moves around you to deliver radiation from many angles. The linear accelerator delivers the precise dose of radiation planned by your treatment team. […] Permanent prostate brachytherapy involves placing many radioactive seeds within the prostate to treat prostate cancer. During the procedure, an ultrasound probe is placed in the rectum to help guide the placement of seeds. The seeds emit radiation that dissipates over a few months.

• #11 Prostate Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of stage II prostate cancer may include: Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given, Radical prostatectomy, usually with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Internal radiation therapy with radioactive seeds. […] Treatment of stage III prostate cancer may include: External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Hormone therapy. Radiation therapy may be given after hormone therapy, Radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of stage IV prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Hormone therapy combined with chemotherapy, Bisphosphonate therapy, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given.

• #12 Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer

  Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in American men. […] There are many treatment options for cancer limited to the prostate gland. […] Standard treatments include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy): The surgeon makes an incision in the lower abdomen or through the perineum (between the anus and the scrotum) and removes the prostate. […] External beam therapy (EBT): EBT delivers a beam of high-energy x-rays or protons to the tumor. […] Advanced treatment options may avoid or minimize some of the side effects associated with standard therapies. […] Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: The surgeon removes the prostate without severing the critical nerves that enable sexual function. […] Intensity modulated external beam radiation therapy (IMRT): External beam radiation therapy uses high energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells.

• #13 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Your treatment plan will depend on a variety of factors, including: […] Talk with your doctor about which treatments are available and how those treatments may affect you. One or more of the following therapies may be used to treat your cancer. […] Surgery for prostate cancer is known as a radical prostatectomy. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the entire prostate. […] Nearly all prostate cancer surgeries at MD Anderson are minimally invasive procedures performed with surgical robots. […] Surgery for prostate cancer usually requires an overnight hospital stay. […] Studies have shown that working with an experienced surgeon increases the odds for a successful procedure with fewer side effects. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill disease cells. Along with surgery, it is one of the two most common primary treatments for prostate cancer.

• #14 Do You Have Prostate Cancer? Here’s Your Guide to Treatment Options > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/prostate-cancer-treatment

  The choice of prostate cancer treatment depends on such factors as age and general health, as well as a patient’s risk categorization determined by their Gleason score. […] For men who do need surgery, there are at least three questions they should be sure to ask the surgeon, he adds. The first is which surgical approach is going to provide the best control of the cancer? The second is which approach will have the fewest side effects? The third is which approach tends to have the swiftest recovery, the quickest hospital stay, and fastest return to function? […] In the U.S., about 95% of prostate surgeries are performed robotically, with the surgeon sitting apart from the patient at a control console, watching progress on a high-definition monitor while controlling the robot remotely. […] The possibility of side effects is a concern with any type of prostatectomy—even with the aid of a robot—the main ones being an inability to control urine after surgery, and difficulty having or maintaining an erection.

• #15 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Your treatment plan will depend on a variety of factors, including: […] Talk with your doctor about which treatments are available and how those treatments may affect you. One or more of the following therapies may be used to treat your cancer. […] Surgery for prostate cancer is known as a radical prostatectomy. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the entire prostate. […] Nearly all prostate cancer surgeries at MD Anderson are minimally invasive procedures performed with surgical robots. […] Surgery for prostate cancer usually requires an overnight hospital stay. […] Studies have shown that working with an experienced surgeon increases the odds for a successful procedure with fewer side effects. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill disease cells. Along with surgery, it is one of the two most common primary treatments for prostate cancer.

• #16 Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer

  Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in American men. […] There are many treatment options for cancer limited to the prostate gland. […] Standard treatments include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy): The surgeon makes an incision in the lower abdomen or through the perineum (between the anus and the scrotum) and removes the prostate. […] External beam therapy (EBT): EBT delivers a beam of high-energy x-rays or protons to the tumor. […] Advanced treatment options may avoid or minimize some of the side effects associated with standard therapies. […] Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: The surgeon removes the prostate without severing the critical nerves that enable sexual function. […] Intensity modulated external beam radiation therapy (IMRT): External beam radiation therapy uses high energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells.

• #17 Do You Have Prostate Cancer? Here’s Your Guide to Treatment Options > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/prostate-cancer-treatment

  Dr. Sprenkle says he’s had success with an approach called retzius-sparing prostatectomy, which is associated with better earlier continence rates compared to other prostate-removing surgeries. […] Not every prostate cancer can be treated with a single-port approach or retzius-sparing surgery, but there are other choices. We have a large and expanding repertoire of treatment options that allow us to personalize treatment to each patient’s needs, says Dr. Sprenkle. […] The best candidates for single-port surgery are men whose cancer is classified as favorable intermediate risk, Dr. Sprenkle says. […] In general, while each approach has its advantages, all have been shown to have similar outcomes, adds Dr. Sprenkle. There are no significant differences in outcomes for patients between the open surgery and robotic ones. […] It’s better to focus on finding the right surgeon rather than the approach or type of surgery.

• #18 Do You Have Prostate Cancer? Here’s Your Guide to Treatment Options > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/prostate-cancer-treatment

  Dr. Sprenkle says he’s had success with an approach called retzius-sparing prostatectomy, which is associated with better earlier continence rates compared to other prostate-removing surgeries. […] Not every prostate cancer can be treated with a single-port approach or retzius-sparing surgery, but there are other choices. We have a large and expanding repertoire of treatment options that allow us to personalize treatment to each patient’s needs, says Dr. Sprenkle. […] The best candidates for single-port surgery are men whose cancer is classified as favorable intermediate risk, Dr. Sprenkle says. […] In general, while each approach has its advantages, all have been shown to have similar outcomes, adds Dr. Sprenkle. There are no significant differences in outcomes for patients between the open surgery and robotic ones. […] It’s better to focus on finding the right surgeon rather than the approach or type of surgery.

• #19 Do You Have Prostate Cancer? Here’s Your Guide to Treatment Options > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/prostate-cancer-treatment

  The choice of prostate cancer treatment depends on such factors as age and general health, as well as a patient’s risk categorization determined by their Gleason score. […] For men who do need surgery, there are at least three questions they should be sure to ask the surgeon, he adds. The first is which surgical approach is going to provide the best control of the cancer? The second is which approach will have the fewest side effects? The third is which approach tends to have the swiftest recovery, the quickest hospital stay, and fastest return to function? […] In the U.S., about 95% of prostate surgeries are performed robotically, with the surgeon sitting apart from the patient at a control console, watching progress on a high-definition monitor while controlling the robot remotely. […] The possibility of side effects is a concern with any type of prostatectomy—even with the aid of a robot—the main ones being an inability to control urine after surgery, and difficulty having or maintaining an erection.

• #20 Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer

  Researchers found that for some men: the risk of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body is much lower with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with watchful waiting. […] Surgery to remove the prostate gland appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than external-beam radiation therapy. […] A combination of 3D-CRT (a type of external-beam radiation therapy) and hormone therapy appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than 3D-CRT alone. […] All treatments can cause side effects. The most common side effects are urinary, bowel, and sexual problems. […] Urinary incontinence and trouble getting or keeping an erection are more common with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy is sometimes used together with radiation. It is also sometimes given before surgery to remove the prostate gland.

• #21 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Surgery for prostate cancer most often involves removing the prostate. Surgery to remove the prostate is called prostatectomy. It’s often used when the cancer is only in the prostate. Sometimes it can treat a cancer that grows larger or spreads to the lymph nodes. […] During external beam radiation treatment for prostate cancer, you lie on a table while a linear accelerator moves around you to deliver radiation from many angles. The linear accelerator delivers the precise dose of radiation planned by your treatment team. […] Permanent prostate brachytherapy involves placing many radioactive seeds within the prostate to treat prostate cancer. During the procedure, an ultrasound probe is placed in the rectum to help guide the placement of seeds. The seeds emit radiation that dissipates over a few months.

• #22 Prostate Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of stage II prostate cancer may include: Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given, Radical prostatectomy, usually with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Internal radiation therapy with radioactive seeds. […] Treatment of stage III prostate cancer may include: External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Hormone therapy. Radiation therapy may be given after hormone therapy, Radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of stage IV prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Hormone therapy combined with chemotherapy, Bisphosphonate therapy, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given.

• #23 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Your treatment plan will depend on a variety of factors, including: […] Talk with your doctor about which treatments are available and how those treatments may affect you. One or more of the following therapies may be used to treat your cancer. […] Surgery for prostate cancer is known as a radical prostatectomy. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the entire prostate. […] Nearly all prostate cancer surgeries at MD Anderson are minimally invasive procedures performed with surgical robots. […] Surgery for prostate cancer usually requires an overnight hospital stay. […] Studies have shown that working with an experienced surgeon increases the odds for a successful procedure with fewer side effects. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill disease cells. Along with surgery, it is one of the two most common primary treatments for prostate cancer.

• #24 Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer

  Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in American men. […] There are many treatment options for cancer limited to the prostate gland. […] Standard treatments include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy): The surgeon makes an incision in the lower abdomen or through the perineum (between the anus and the scrotum) and removes the prostate. […] External beam therapy (EBT): EBT delivers a beam of high-energy x-rays or protons to the tumor. […] Advanced treatment options may avoid or minimize some of the side effects associated with standard therapies. […] Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: The surgeon removes the prostate without severing the critical nerves that enable sexual function. […] Intensity modulated external beam radiation therapy (IMRT): External beam radiation therapy uses high energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells.

• #25 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  For most patients, initial prostate cancer treatment includes either radiation therapy or surgery. […] If a patient’s prostate cancer has spread beyond the prostate and the surrounding area, he is given systemic therapies like hormone therapy and possibly chemotherapy. […] Prostate cancer is treated in our Genitourinary Center and our Proton Therapy Center. […] MD Anderson patients have access to clinical trials offering promising new treatments that cannot be found anywhere else. […] Prostate cancer treatment options can include surgery, different types of radiation therapy and hormone therapy. […] Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a radiation treatment that uses high doses of radiation with several beams of various intensities aimed at different angles to precisely target the tumor.

• #26 Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer | Conditions & Treatments | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-prostate-cancer

  Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation in the form of photons or protons to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA. […] RT is an important method of treating prostate cancer. […] For patients with localized (confined to the prostate), locally advanced (extension through capsule or in seminal vesicles), or regionally advanced prostate cancer (spread to adjacent pelvic lymph nodes only), RT is used with intent to cure and is an alternative to surgery. […] Prostate cancer may be treated with EBRT alone, brachytherapy alone, or a combination of the two. […] In brachytherapy, small radioactive seeds (each the size of a grain of rice) are implanted directly into the tumor to maximize the radiation dose to the cancer cells and minimizing radiation exposure for normal tissues. […] In patients with low-risk or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer, brachytherapy may be used alone.

• #27 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If the cancer starts to show signs of growing at some point, treatments such as surgery or radiation can then be considered. […] Initial treatment options for men with these cancers might include: Active surveillance, Surgery (radical prostatectomy, possibly with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), Radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] Initial treatment options for men with cancers in this risk group might include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy, along with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), External radiation therapy plus hormone therapy, External radiation plus brachytherapy (possibly along with hormone therapy).

• #28 Prostate Cancer Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/prostate-cancer-treatment

  Those with stage 2 or stage 3 prostate cancer often consider two standard treatment options: Surgery: If the cancer has not spread too far, a doctor can remove part of the prostate or the entire organ. Radiation: Doctors use radiation to destroy a tumor internally. […] Hormone therapy has emerged as another treatment option for the condition in its early and advanced stages. At high enough levels, certain hormones, like testosterone, can fuel the growth of cancer cells. Hormone therapy offsets these levels to prevent the cancer from growing any further. […] Doctors might use hormone therapy in tandem with radiation. They can also use it to treat recurrence, or a return of the cancer. […] A diverse team of specialists can tailor treatment to meet a patients needs. Personalized care keeps a patients quality of life front-of-mind before and after treatment.

• #29 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options in Oregon’s Willamette Valley

  https://www.oregoncancer.com/prostate-cancer/treatment-options

  Men with prostate cancer in later stages can benefit from radiation treatment to relieve pain. […] A recent approach called hypofractionated radiation therapy allows the oncologist to deliver the total dose of radiation therapy in a shorter time period. […] SmartArc treatments typically take between 50 – 60% less time to deliver than standard IMRT. […] IGRT utilizes frequent imaging during a course of radiation therapy, tracking changes in the patients body that may shift the exact location of the cancer. […] SBRT kills prostate cancer cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding, healthy tissue by using advanced imaging techniques to deliver a high dose of radiation that is directed to a tumor with millimeter precision. […] Many men can avoid surgical removal of the prostate, especially if the cancer is found early and/or if its slower growing.

• #30 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Chemotherapy medicines are sometimes used with hormone therapy medicines for prostate cancer. Healthcare professionals sometimes use these medicines together for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die.

• #31 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  There are several different types of radiation therapy doctors recommend to prostate cancer patients. […] MD Anderson has the most advanced radiation therapies and has radiation oncologists who specialize in prostate cancer. This allows us to offer the most effective radiation treatments while minimizing side effects. […] The majority of prostate cancers are hormone-sensitive, which means male hormones (androgens) such as testosterone fuel the growth of prostate cancer. About one-third of prostate cancer patients require hormone therapy (also known as androgen deprivation therapy). […] Hormone therapy is most often used for late-stage, high-grade tumors with a Gleason score of 8 or higher or in patients with cancer that has spread outside the prostate. […] Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill fast-growing cells, including cancer cells. For prostate cancer, chemotherapy is most often used to treat patients with a high-risk disease or whose cancer has recurred or metastasized.

• #32 Metastatic prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Hormone therapy treatments for metastatic prostate cancer include: Medicines that stop the body from making testosterone. Some medicines stop cells from getting the signals that tell them to make testosterone. These medicines are called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists. Another name for these medicines is LHRH agonists and antagonists. […] Medicines that stop testosterone from acting on cancer cells. These medicines, known as antiandrogens, are often used with LHRH agonists.

• #33 Hormone therapy | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/treatments/hormone-therapy

  There are three main ways to have hormone therapy for prostate cancer. […] The type of hormone therapy you have will depend on whether your cancer has spread, any other treatments you’re having, and your own personal choice. […] Anti-androgen tablets stop testosterone from reaching the cancer cells. […] They can be used on their own, before having injections or implants, together with injections or implants, or after surgery to remove the testicles (orchidectomy). […] There are newer types of hormone therapy that can be used to treat some men with prostate cancer. […] Hormone therapy may slightly increase your chance of developing other health problems, including heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes, and blood clots. […] Hormone therapy can cause side effects that might have a big impact on your daily life.

• #34 Metastatic prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Hormone therapy treatments for metastatic prostate cancer include: Medicines that stop the body from making testosterone. Some medicines stop cells from getting the signals that tell them to make testosterone. These medicines are called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists. Another name for these medicines is LHRH agonists and antagonists. […] Medicines that stop testosterone from acting on cancer cells. These medicines, known as antiandrogens, are often used with LHRH agonists.

• #35 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Hormonal manipulations effectively used as initial therapy for prostate cancer include orchiectomy, LH-RH agonists, and antiandrogens. […] The role of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is not established. […] The optimal follow-up strategy for men treated for prostate cancer is uncertain. […] Patients treated with either luteinizing-hormone agonists or estrogens as primary therapy are generally maintained with castrate levels of testosterone. […] The psychological implications of orchiectomy are objectionable to many patients, and many will choose an alternative therapy if effective. […] The addition of chemotherapy has been shown in randomized trials to improve OS compared with ADT alone. […] The cornerstone of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer is medical or surgical castration to stop the production of testosterone by the testes.

• #36 Patient education: Treatment for advanced prostate cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-for-advanced-prostate-cancer-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Treatment for advanced prostate cancer (Beyond the Basics) […] Advanced prostate cancer is usually treated with a combination of different approaches, which may include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation. […] Although metastatic prostate cancer is not curable, treatment can often help to control the cancer for prolonged periods of time. This can help to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. […] When to start treatment — Different doctors have different approaches for when to start treatment for advanced prostate cancer: Many doctors recommend starting treatment that lowers the body’s testosterone level with drugs (termed „androgen deprivation therapy” [ADT]) when advanced prostate cancer is first diagnosed. […] ADT is usually recommended as the initial treatment for males with metastatic prostate cancer.

• #37 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Hormonal manipulations effectively used as initial therapy for prostate cancer include orchiectomy, LH-RH agonists, and antiandrogens. […] The role of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is not established. […] The optimal follow-up strategy for men treated for prostate cancer is uncertain. […] Patients treated with either luteinizing-hormone agonists or estrogens as primary therapy are generally maintained with castrate levels of testosterone. […] The psychological implications of orchiectomy are objectionable to many patients, and many will choose an alternative therapy if effective. […] The addition of chemotherapy has been shown in randomized trials to improve OS compared with ADT alone. […] The cornerstone of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer is medical or surgical castration to stop the production of testosterone by the testes.

• #38 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  Patients with intermediate-risk PCa should be informed about the results of two RCTs (SPCG-4 and PIVOT) comparing RRP vs. WW in localised PCa. […] For high-risk localised PCa, a combined modality approach should be used consisting of IMRT/VMAT plus long-term ADT. […] The addition of the new AR antagonists significantly improves clinical outcomes with no convincing evidence of differences between subgroups. […] The addition of abiraterone to ADT and docetaxel has been reported to have a benefit in rPFS and in OS in the PEACE-1 trial. […] The only bone-specific drug that is associated with a survival benefit is the -emitter radium-223. […] The increasing use of PSMA PET as a diagnostic tracer and the realisation that this allowed identification of a greater number of metastatic deposits led to attempts to treat cancer by replacing the imaging isotope with a therapeutic isotope which accumulates where the tumour is demonstrated (theranostics).

• #39 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  For men with cancers that are at high or very high risk of growing and spreading, treatment options might include: Radiation therapy (external beam radiation, either alone or with brachytherapy) along with hormone therapy (typically for 1 to 3 years). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] For men who dont have other serious medical problems that might affect their life span or who are having symptoms from the cancer, options include: External beam radiation treatment with hormone therapy (which often includes the newer hormone drug abiraterone). […] Most stage IVB cancers cant be cured, but they are treatable. The goals of treatment are to keep the cancer under control for as long as possible and to improve a mans quality of life. Initial treatment options may include: Hormone therapy (which typically includes a newer hormone drug, such as abiraterone, apalutamide, or enzalutamide). […] But if the cancer continues to grow and spread or if it comes back, other treatments might be options, such as immunotherapy, targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, or other forms of hormone therapy.

• #40 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  Patients with intermediate-risk PCa should be informed about the results of two RCTs (SPCG-4 and PIVOT) comparing RRP vs. WW in localised PCa. […] For high-risk localised PCa, a combined modality approach should be used consisting of IMRT/VMAT plus long-term ADT. […] The addition of the new AR antagonists significantly improves clinical outcomes with no convincing evidence of differences between subgroups. […] The addition of abiraterone to ADT and docetaxel has been reported to have a benefit in rPFS and in OS in the PEACE-1 trial. […] The only bone-specific drug that is associated with a survival benefit is the -emitter radium-223. […] The increasing use of PSMA PET as a diagnostic tracer and the realisation that this allowed identification of a greater number of metastatic deposits led to attempts to treat cancer by replacing the imaging isotope with a therapeutic isotope which accumulates where the tumour is demonstrated (theranostics).

• #41 Hormone therapy | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/treatments/hormone-therapy

  There are three main ways to have hormone therapy for prostate cancer. […] The type of hormone therapy you have will depend on whether your cancer has spread, any other treatments you’re having, and your own personal choice. […] Anti-androgen tablets stop testosterone from reaching the cancer cells. […] They can be used on their own, before having injections or implants, together with injections or implants, or after surgery to remove the testicles (orchidectomy). […] There are newer types of hormone therapy that can be used to treat some men with prostate cancer. […] Hormone therapy may slightly increase your chance of developing other health problems, including heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes, and blood clots. […] Hormone therapy can cause side effects that might have a big impact on your daily life.

• #42 Patient education: Treatment for advanced prostate cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-for-advanced-prostate-cancer-beyond-the-basics/print

  The recommended treatment approach depends on several factors, including how quickly the disease is expected to progress and the number and location of metastases. […] Options for initial treatment include androgen deprivation therapy, which can be done by taking medicines that interfere with androgens or by having surgery to remove the testicles. […] Timing of ADT — Whether to start ADT immediately or delay it depends on how far the disease has spread and the risk of further progression. […] Side effects of ADT are related to the lowered levels of male hormones and include decreased libido, hot flashes, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. […] Often, ADT is given in combination with another form of treatment, such as abiraterone or chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is now often recommended in combination with ADT as the initial treatment for males whose cancer has already spread outside of the prostate.

• #43 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Chemotherapy medicines are sometimes used with hormone therapy medicines for prostate cancer. Healthcare professionals sometimes use these medicines together for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die.

• #44 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  There are several different types of radiation therapy doctors recommend to prostate cancer patients. […] MD Anderson has the most advanced radiation therapies and has radiation oncologists who specialize in prostate cancer. This allows us to offer the most effective radiation treatments while minimizing side effects. […] The majority of prostate cancers are hormone-sensitive, which means male hormones (androgens) such as testosterone fuel the growth of prostate cancer. About one-third of prostate cancer patients require hormone therapy (also known as androgen deprivation therapy). […] Hormone therapy is most often used for late-stage, high-grade tumors with a Gleason score of 8 or higher or in patients with cancer that has spread outside the prostate. […] Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill fast-growing cells, including cancer cells. For prostate cancer, chemotherapy is most often used to treat patients with a high-risk disease or whose cancer has recurred or metastasized.

• #45 Hormone Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/prostate/treatment/systemic-therapies

  A hormone therapy drug called abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) can lengthen the lives of people with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. […] The first immunotherapy treatment for men with advanced metastatic prostate cancer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was sipuleucel-T (Provenge). […] Chemotherapy is medication that kills cancer cells, given by mouth or intravenous (put into your vein). Its an important treatment option for prostate cancer that has metastasized (spread). […] Docetaxel (Taxotere) is considered the standard of care in chemotherapy for prostate cancer that is resistant to hormone therapy.

• #46 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  In patients with mCRPC and no previous chemotherapy, cabazitaxel and docetaxel appeared to provide similar results with respect to OS. […] In patients with mCRPC whose disease progressed during or after treatment with docetaxel, cabazitaxel was shown to improve survival compared with mitoxantrone in a randomized trial. […] The use of radioisotopes such as 89Sr has been effective as palliative treatment of some patients with osteoblastic metastases. […] The use of denosumab has been shown to decrease the risk of skeletal-related events in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. […] The addition of docetaxel has been shown to improve OS compared with mitoxantrone. […] The use of abiraterone acetate has been shown to improve OS when added to ADT in men with advanced prostate cancer who have castration-sensitive disease.

• #47 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic disease are at risk of developing bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are being studied as a strategy to decrease this risk. […] The addition of chemotherapy has been shown in randomized trials to improve OS compared with ADT alone, with efficacy that appears to be comparable with hormonal therapy, which includes ADT plus abiraterone acetate. […] In the randomized double-blind LATITUDE trial, 1,199 men with high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer were given ADT plus either abiraterone acetate and prednisone or ADT plus abiraterone-prednisone placebos. […] The trial was stopped because of a clear overall survival (OS) benefit in the abiraterone study group: median survival not reached versus 34.7 months OS. […] In the randomized open-label STAMPEDE trial, 1,917 men were treated with ADT alone or ADT plus abiraterone acetate and prednisolone.

• #48 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Hormonal manipulations effectively used as initial therapy for prostate cancer include orchiectomy, LH-RH agonists, and antiandrogens. […] The role of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is not established. […] The optimal follow-up strategy for men treated for prostate cancer is uncertain. […] Patients treated with either luteinizing-hormone agonists or estrogens as primary therapy are generally maintained with castrate levels of testosterone. […] The psychological implications of orchiectomy are objectionable to many patients, and many will choose an alternative therapy if effective. […] The addition of chemotherapy has been shown in randomized trials to improve OS compared with ADT alone. […] The cornerstone of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer is medical or surgical castration to stop the production of testosterone by the testes.

• #49 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Chemotherapy medicines are sometimes used with hormone therapy medicines for prostate cancer. Healthcare professionals sometimes use these medicines together for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die.

• #50 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. […] Radiopharmaceutical treatments are medicines that contain a radioactive substance. Radiopharmaceutical treatments used for cancer can deliver radiation to cancer cells.

• #51 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options to Consider

  https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatments

  Prostate cancer cells need male sex hormones, such as testosterone, to keep growing. This treatment keeps the hormones from feeding the cancer cells. […] Most people with prostate cancer will not receive chemotherapy. But your doctor may recommend it if you have advanced prostate cancer that has spread widely beyond your prostate. […] This prostate cancer treatment helps your immune system target and destroy cancer cells. […] Bisphosphonates are drugs that treat prostate cancer that has spread to your bones. […] If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might use cryotherapy to kill cancer cells by freezing them. […] This minimally invasive therapy uses sound waves to precisely target and destroy cancer cells. […] This is a type of targeted cancer therapy, meaning it only attacks certain parts of a cancer cell. […] The treatments for prostate cancer can affect your body in other ways. […] Many people with prostate cancer dont require treatment. If you do, you have many options. Some of them can cure the disease.

• #52 Hormone Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/prostate/treatment/systemic-therapies

  A hormone therapy drug called abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) can lengthen the lives of people with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. […] The first immunotherapy treatment for men with advanced metastatic prostate cancer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was sipuleucel-T (Provenge). […] Chemotherapy is medication that kills cancer cells, given by mouth or intravenous (put into your vein). Its an important treatment option for prostate cancer that has metastasized (spread). […] Docetaxel (Taxotere) is considered the standard of care in chemotherapy for prostate cancer that is resistant to hormone therapy.

• #53 How We Treat Prostate Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/prostate-cancer/treatment

  Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer cells. […] For certain men with advanced, metastatic (spreading) prostate cancer that is resistant to hormone therapy, an FDA-approved cancer vaccine called Provenge is available. […] Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center offers one of the largest and most active clinical trial programs available in the area, including clinical trials for patients with prostate cancer. […] Clinical trials may be suggested at any stage of the disease. […] Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process; they are safe and regulated research studies to determine if new cancer treatments are effective, or better than a current plan.

• #54 Metastatic prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972

  Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack the cancer cells in a specific way that causes the cells to die. […] For metastatic prostate cancer, targeted therapy medicines might be used when hormone therapy is no longer working. […] Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] For metastatic prostate cancer, immunotherapy treatments most often involve medicines called immune checkpoint inhibitors. […] Radiopharmaceutical treatments are medicines that contain a radioactive substance. Radiopharmaceutical treatments used for cancer can deliver radiation to cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons and other sources.

• #55 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York

  https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/prostate-cancer/treatments

  Hormone therapy controls the production of the testosterone that cause prostate tumors to grow. […] Once cancer has spread beyond the prostate, hormone therapy becomes the cornerstone therapy to control the disease. […] If you have prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate, we can use a new immunotherapy called sipileucel-T to train your own white blood cells to target the cancer. […] Chemotherapy uses chemicals (medicines) to stop cancer growth and spread by causing rapidly dividing cancer cells to become damaged and die. […] Radium 223 is the newest FDA-approved agent for prostate cancer treatment. It specifically targets prostate cancer that has spread to bone and has been shown in a pivotal clinical trial to improve survival.

• #56 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer is a treatment that stops the hormone testosterone either from being made or from reaching prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of testosterone may cause cancer cells to die or to grow more slowly. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Chemotherapy medicines are sometimes used with hormone therapy medicines for prostate cancer. Healthcare professionals sometimes use these medicines together for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die.

• #57 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  With a median follow-up of 40 months, the 3-year OS rate was 83% in the abiraterone study group compared with 76% in the ADT-only study group. […] In the randomized, controlled, double-blind phase III TITAN trial, 1,052 men with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive ADT alone or ADT plus either apalutamide or placebo. […] The 2-year OS rate was 82.4% in the apalutamide group and 73.5% in the placebo group. […] The combination of a PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, with enzalutamide was tested in the phase III, double-blind, randomized, multicohort TALAPRO-2 study as first-line therapy in men with mCRPC. […] The trial enrolled two cohorts in which patients were prospectively assessed for variants in homologous recombination repair genes in tumor tissue and/or ctDNA.

• #58 Prostate cancer

  https://www.astrazeneca.com/our-therapy-areas/oncology/prostate-cancer.html

  Historically in the treatment of mCRPC, hormonal therapy has been used to control growth hormone levels, with chemotherapy also provided as an option. […] By determining the genomic profile and assessing the alteration of specific DNA repair genes associated with a patient’s tumour, it may be possible to consider novel approaches to treatment. […] One such approach and class of potential targeted mCRPC therapies are PARP (poly-ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors, which block the activity of the DNA repair protein PARP. […] While genetic mutations fuel cancer development, they can also help us to understand and exploit deficiencies in the repair pathways of certain cancers. […] At AstraZeneca we remain wholly committed to innovative research that allows us to build on our long-standing oncology history and help as many patients living with prostate cancer as possible. […] We will continue to research personalised treatment options for people with mCRPC, as already seen in ovarian, breast and pancreatic cancer, so we can one day achieve our ambition to eliminate prostate cancer as a cause of death.

• #59 Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer

  Thanks to improvements in technology and daily imaging, radiation therapy can deliver a higher radiation dose directly to the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays (photons) or a stream of particles (protons). […] Initially, most patients do not have side effects. […] Radiation therapy can cause impotence in some men at a similar rate as nerve-sparing prostatectomy. […] Patients usually return to see the radiation oncologist about two to eight weeks after the last radiation therapy session. […] Doctors often successfully treat prostate cancer. […] Identifying the exact location and extent of the disease at an early stage is vital. […] Lutetium-177 PSMA therapy is recently shown to improve survival in certain metastatic prostate cancer patients.

• #60 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  Patients with intermediate-risk PCa should be informed about the results of two RCTs (SPCG-4 and PIVOT) comparing RRP vs. WW in localised PCa. […] For high-risk localised PCa, a combined modality approach should be used consisting of IMRT/VMAT plus long-term ADT. […] The addition of the new AR antagonists significantly improves clinical outcomes with no convincing evidence of differences between subgroups. […] The addition of abiraterone to ADT and docetaxel has been reported to have a benefit in rPFS and in OS in the PEACE-1 trial. […] The only bone-specific drug that is associated with a survival benefit is the -emitter radium-223. […] The increasing use of PSMA PET as a diagnostic tracer and the realisation that this allowed identification of a greater number of metastatic deposits led to attempts to treat cancer by replacing the imaging isotope with a therapeutic isotope which accumulates where the tumour is demonstrated (theranostics).

• #61 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn’t be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells. […] Radiopharmaceutical treatments are medicines that contain a radioactive substance. Radiopharmaceutical treatments used for cancer can deliver radiation to cancer cells.

• #62 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  The primary end point was radiographic PFS. […] The median radiographic PFS was not reached in the talazoparib-with-enzalutamide group and was 13.8 months in the placebo-with-enzalutamide group. […] The most common grade 3 or higher adverse event was anemia. […] The FDA has only approved this drug for patients with BRCA-altered disease. […] Patients with stage IV prostate cancer are candidates for clinical trials, including trials of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy followed by radical prostatectomy. […] The most common symptoms originate from the urinary tract or from bone metastases. […] Palliation of symptoms from the urinary tract with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or radiation therapy and palliation of symptoms from bone metastases with radiation therapy or hormonal therapy are an important part of the management of these patients.

• #63 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  Patients with intermediate-risk PCa should be informed about the results of two RCTs (SPCG-4 and PIVOT) comparing RRP vs. WW in localised PCa. […] For high-risk localised PCa, a combined modality approach should be used consisting of IMRT/VMAT plus long-term ADT. […] The addition of the new AR antagonists significantly improves clinical outcomes with no convincing evidence of differences between subgroups. […] The addition of abiraterone to ADT and docetaxel has been reported to have a benefit in rPFS and in OS in the PEACE-1 trial. […] The only bone-specific drug that is associated with a survival benefit is the -emitter radium-223. […] The increasing use of PSMA PET as a diagnostic tracer and the realisation that this allowed identification of a greater number of metastatic deposits led to attempts to treat cancer by replacing the imaging isotope with a therapeutic isotope which accumulates where the tumour is demonstrated (theranostics).

• #64 Treatments | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/prostate/treatments

  Immunotherapy uses your body’s immune system to attack cancer cells. […] High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive procedure that targets cancerous tissue precisely using high-frequency sound waves. […] Theranostics is a new personalized treatment approach that uses radioactive drugs (radiopharmaceuticals) to diagnose and treat different types of cancer. […] Pluvicto is a radiopharmaceutical that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2022 for patients with metastatic prostate cancer that is not responding to hormone therapy and chemotherapy.

• #65 Pluvicto™ Prostate Cancer Treatment | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/imaging/nuclear-imaging/pluvicto

  Pluvicto (lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan) is a targeted prostate cancer treatment. This radioactive medicine is a new option for someone with prostate cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. Pluvicto isn’t a cure for cancer. But it can help some men live longer and slow the growth of their tumors. […] This FDA-approved treatment can help you if you have: Prostate cancer that isnt responding to other standard treatments, Prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, Prostate cancer that is PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) positive. […] This targeted PSMA treatment uses radiation to shrink prostate cancer cells. It contains medicine that focuses the drug on tumors, keeping the drug from hurting other parts of your body and uses radiation to damage and kill cancer cells. […] This entire treatment lasts about 8 months. […] You’ll need a referral for this PSMA prostate cancer treatment. Talk to your doctor to see if this is right for you.

• #66 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Though rarely used, cryotherapy is the best choice for localized prostate cancer where tumors are small and surgery is not an option. […] Immunotherapy recruits a patient’s own immune system in the fight against cancer. […] High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) kills cancer tissue in the prostate with heat generated by focused ultrasound waves. […] As one of the worlds leading cancer centers, MD Anderson is home to many clinical trials for prostate cancer patients. […] When prostate cancer is diagnosed, doctors use several different tests to determine the risk of disease progression. […] Many low-risk prostate cancers can go years or even decades without causing any serious health problems. […] Men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer should be treated in most cases. […] Some high-risk prostate cancers can be cured. In other cases it is not curable and is treated like a chronic disease that must be managed.

• #67 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/treatment-options

  Focal therapy is a less intensive treatment than surgery for patients with lower risk prostate cancer who aren’t suitable for (or are unwilling to pursue) active surveillance. […] We are a leading treatment center for radiation therapy, using the most advanced treatment platforms. […] Other treatment options for aggressive prostate cancer include hormone therapy (androgen deprivation therapy), clinical trials and chemotherapy, as well as treatments for any symptoms you may have.

• #68 9 Innovative Prostate Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatment.html

  Though rarely used, cryotherapy is the best choice for localized prostate cancer where tumors are small and surgery is not an option. […] Immunotherapy recruits a patient’s own immune system in the fight against cancer. […] High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) kills cancer tissue in the prostate with heat generated by focused ultrasound waves. […] As one of the worlds leading cancer centers, MD Anderson is home to many clinical trials for prostate cancer patients. […] When prostate cancer is diagnosed, doctors use several different tests to determine the risk of disease progression. […] Many low-risk prostate cancers can go years or even decades without causing any serious health problems. […] Men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer should be treated in most cases. […] Some high-risk prostate cancers can be cured. In other cases it is not curable and is treated like a chronic disease that must be managed.

• #69 Treatment of Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Cryotherapy: Placing a special probe inside or near the prostate cancer to freeze and kill the cancer cells. This is a less common treatment. […] Chemotherapy: Using special drugs to shrink or kill the cancer after it has spread to other parts of the body. The drugs can be pills you take or medicines given through your veins, or, sometimes, both. […] Biological therapy: Works with your body’s immune system to help it fight cancer or to control side effects from other cancer treatments. […] High-intensity focused ultrasound: This therapy directs high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) at the cancer to kill cancer cells. This is a less common treatment. […] Hormone therapy: Blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow. This is also called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

• #70 Treatment of Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Cryotherapy: Placing a special probe inside or near the prostate cancer to freeze and kill the cancer cells. This is a less common treatment. […] Chemotherapy: Using special drugs to shrink or kill the cancer after it has spread to other parts of the body. The drugs can be pills you take or medicines given through your veins, or, sometimes, both. […] Biological therapy: Works with your body’s immune system to help it fight cancer or to control side effects from other cancer treatments. […] High-intensity focused ultrasound: This therapy directs high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) at the cancer to kill cancer cells. This is a less common treatment. […] Hormone therapy: Blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow. This is also called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

• #71 Prostate Cancer Treatment Options to Consider

  https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-treatments

  Prostate cancer cells need male sex hormones, such as testosterone, to keep growing. This treatment keeps the hormones from feeding the cancer cells. […] Most people with prostate cancer will not receive chemotherapy. But your doctor may recommend it if you have advanced prostate cancer that has spread widely beyond your prostate. […] This prostate cancer treatment helps your immune system target and destroy cancer cells. […] Bisphosphonates are drugs that treat prostate cancer that has spread to your bones. […] If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might use cryotherapy to kill cancer cells by freezing them. […] This minimally invasive therapy uses sound waves to precisely target and destroy cancer cells. […] This is a type of targeted cancer therapy, meaning it only attacks certain parts of a cancer cell. […] The treatments for prostate cancer can affect your body in other ways. […] Many people with prostate cancer dont require treatment. If you do, you have many options. Some of them can cure the disease.

• #72

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/treatment/

  HIFU is sometimes used to treat localised prostate cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate. […] Cryotherapy is a method of killing cancer cells by freezing them. It’s sometimes used to treat localised prostate cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate gland. […] If the cancer has reached an advanced stage, it’s no longer possible to cure it. But it may be possible to slow its progression, prolong your life and relieve symptoms. […] Chemotherapy is often used to treat prostate cancer that’s spread to other parts of the body (metastatic prostate cancer). […] Many of these side effects can be prevented or controlled with other medicines that your doctor can prescribe. […] You may decide against treatment for prostate cancer, particularly if you are at an age where you feel treating the cancer is unlikely to significantly extend your life expectancy.

• #73

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/treatment/

  A radical prostatectomy is the surgical removal of your prostate gland. This treatment is an option for curing prostate cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate or has not spread very far. […] Radiotherapy involves using radiation to kill cancerous cells. […] This treatment is an option for curing prostate cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate or has not spread very far. […] Hormone therapy is often used in combination with radiotherapy. […] Hormone therapy alone does not cure prostate cancer. It can be used to slow the progression of advanced prostate cancer and relieve symptoms. […] TURP is a procedure that can help relieve pressure from the tube that carries urine from your bladder out of your penis (urethra) to treat any problematic symptoms you may have with urination. It does not cure the cancer.

• #74 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  The most common symptoms originate from the urinary tract or from bone metastases. […] Palliation of symptoms from the urinary tract with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or radiation therapy and palliation of symptoms from bone metastases with radiation therapy or hormonal therapy are an important part of the management of these patients. […] The most common symptoms originate from the urinary tract or from bone metastases. […] Palliation of symptoms from the urinary tract with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or radiation therapy and palliation of symptoms from bone metastases with radiation therapy or hormonal therapy are an important part of the management of these patients. […] The cornerstone of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer is medical or surgical castration to stop the production of testosterone by the testes.

• #75 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Prostate cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Sometimes other treatments are used to treat prostate cancer. These might include having ablation therapy with heat or cold to hurt the cancer cells and receiving medicine that gives radiation directly to the cancer cells. […] Your healthcare team considers many things when creating your prostate cancer treatment plan. They consider the size of your cancer, whether it has spread and how quickly it’s growing. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. Talk with your healthcare team about your options. […] Prostate cancer treatment isn’t always needed right away. Instead, the healthcare team may watch the cancer closely. Healthcare professionals call this active surveillance. It often involves regular follow-up blood tests, imaging tests and prostate biopsies. If tests show that the cancer is growing, you may choose to start treatment. For some prostate cancers, treatment may never be needed.

• #76 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  For men whose cancers are in this group, active surveillance is typically recommended. […] If the cancer starts to show signs of growing at some point, treatments such as surgery or radiation can then be considered. […] For men who arent comfortable with just monitoring the cancer and choose to start treatment right away, radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy) or surgery (radical prostatectomy) may be options. […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] Most men whose prostate cancers are in the low-risk group will be offered active surveillance (or observation, for men who have other serious health issues that might affect their lifespan), since very few of these cancers will spread to distant parts of the body.

• #77 Treatment options for prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/treatment/decisions-about-your-treatment

  You might not have treatment straight away. Instead, your doctor recommends monitoring your cancer closely and then discussing treatment if the cancer begins to grow. […] If you decide to have treatment, it might include one of the following: surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy). […] You usually have a choice between: active surveillance, surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy on its own or with hormone therapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) with or without external radiotherapy and hormone therapy. […] Your doctor recommends you have one of the following treatments: surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy and hormone therapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.

• #78 How We Treat Prostate Cancer | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/prostate-cancer/treatment

  For nearly all cases of non-recurrent prostate cancer, active surveillance will be included as part of your treatment before and/or after additional treatments. […] Treatment for low-risk prostate cancer is often active surveillance. Surgery may be performed to remove a portion of the prostate. Radiation may be suggested for early-stage patients, as surgery and radiation produce similar outcomes. […] Treatment for intermediate-risk prostate cancer generally includes hormone therapy (androgen deprivation) combined with surgery to remove a portion of or the entire prostate, and possibly radiation. […] Treatment for high-risk prostate cancer often includes an emphasis on clinical trials. Hormone therapy and radiation will likely be introduced to the plan, as well. A prostatectomy may be performed, along with removal of affected tissue or lymph nodes.

• #79 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If the cancer starts to show signs of growing at some point, treatments such as surgery or radiation can then be considered. […] Initial treatment options for men with these cancers might include: Active surveillance, Surgery (radical prostatectomy, possibly with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), Radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] Initial treatment options for men with cancers in this risk group might include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy, along with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), External radiation therapy plus hormone therapy, External radiation plus brachytherapy (possibly along with hormone therapy).

• #80 Treatment options for prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/treatment/decisions-about-your-treatment

  You might not have treatment straight away. Instead, your doctor recommends monitoring your cancer closely and then discussing treatment if the cancer begins to grow. […] If you decide to have treatment, it might include one of the following: surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy). […] You usually have a choice between: active surveillance, surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy on its own or with hormone therapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) with or without external radiotherapy and hormone therapy. […] Your doctor recommends you have one of the following treatments: surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy and hormone therapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.

• #81 Prostate Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2007095-overview

  External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a standard therapy for patients with localized disease; 3-dimensional (3D) techniques such as 3D conformal radiation treatment (3D-CRT) offer reduced toxicity and the use of higher doses; second-generation techniques, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), are also required, especially if doses 78 Gy are administered […] Patients with low-risk cancer are not candidates for pelvic lymph node irradiation or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) […] Treatment options for patients with clinical stage T2b-T2c, Gleason score 7 or PSA 10-20 ng/mL, who have a life expectancy 10 y, include active surveillance or Radiation therapy (doses of 78-80+ Gy) with 3D-CRT/IMRT with daily IGRT with or without short-term neoadjuvant/concomitant/adjuvant ADT for 4-6 mo with or without brachytherapy

• #82 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If the cancer starts to show signs of growing at some point, treatments such as surgery or radiation can then be considered. […] Initial treatment options for men with these cancers might include: Active surveillance, Surgery (radical prostatectomy, possibly with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), Radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] Initial treatment options for men with cancers in this risk group might include: Surgery (radical prostatectomy, along with the removal of nearby lymph nodes), External radiation therapy plus hormone therapy, External radiation plus brachytherapy (possibly along with hormone therapy).

• #83 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  For men with cancers that are at high or very high risk of growing and spreading, treatment options might include: Radiation therapy (external beam radiation, either alone or with brachytherapy) along with hormone therapy (typically for 1 to 3 years). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] For men who dont have other serious medical problems that might affect their life span or who are having symptoms from the cancer, options include: External beam radiation treatment with hormone therapy (which often includes the newer hormone drug abiraterone). […] Most stage IVB cancers cant be cured, but they are treatable. The goals of treatment are to keep the cancer under control for as long as possible and to improve a mans quality of life. Initial treatment options may include: Hormone therapy (which typically includes a newer hormone drug, such as abiraterone, apalutamide, or enzalutamide). […] But if the cancer continues to grow and spread or if it comes back, other treatments might be options, such as immunotherapy, targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, or other forms of hormone therapy.

• #84 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  Patients with intermediate-risk PCa should be informed about the results of two RCTs (SPCG-4 and PIVOT) comparing RRP vs. WW in localised PCa. […] For high-risk localised PCa, a combined modality approach should be used consisting of IMRT/VMAT plus long-term ADT. […] The addition of the new AR antagonists significantly improves clinical outcomes with no convincing evidence of differences between subgroups. […] The addition of abiraterone to ADT and docetaxel has been reported to have a benefit in rPFS and in OS in the PEACE-1 trial. […] The only bone-specific drug that is associated with a survival benefit is the -emitter radium-223. […] The increasing use of PSMA PET as a diagnostic tracer and the realisation that this allowed identification of a greater number of metastatic deposits led to attempts to treat cancer by replacing the imaging isotope with a therapeutic isotope which accumulates where the tumour is demonstrated (theranostics).

• #85 Prostate Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2007095-overview

  Treatment recommendations for patients with a life expectancy 10 y include RP with PLND or Radiation therapy (doses of 78-80+ Gy) with 3D-CRT/IMRT with daily IGRT with or without short-term neoadjuvant/concomitant/adjuvant ADT for 4-6 mo with or without brachytherapy […] Administering ADT before, during, and after radiation prolongs survival […] Treatment options include RP plus PLND for selected patients or Radiation therapy (doses of 78-80+ Gy) with 3D-CRT/IMRT plus long-term neoadjuvant/concomitant/adjuvant ADT for 2-3 y or Radiation therapy (doses of 78-80+ Gy) with 3D-CRT/IMRT with daily IGRT plus brachytherapy with or without short-term neoadjuvant/concomitant/adjuvant ADT for 4-6 mo […] High-risk cancers may be treated with combination EBRT (40-50 Gy) and brachytherapy with or without 4-6 mo neoadjuvant/concomitant/adjuvant ADT

• #86 Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer, by Stage and Risk Group | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  For men with cancers that are at high or very high risk of growing and spreading, treatment options might include: Radiation therapy (external beam radiation, either alone or with brachytherapy) along with hormone therapy (typically for 1 to 3 years). […] If surgery is done and it finds concerning features in the prostate cancer, your doctor might recommend external radiation therapy to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was before it was removed), possibly along with hormone therapy. […] For men who dont have other serious medical problems that might affect their life span or who are having symptoms from the cancer, options include: External beam radiation treatment with hormone therapy (which often includes the newer hormone drug abiraterone). […] Most stage IVB cancers cant be cured, but they are treatable. The goals of treatment are to keep the cancer under control for as long as possible and to improve a mans quality of life. Initial treatment options may include: Hormone therapy (which typically includes a newer hormone drug, such as abiraterone, apalutamide, or enzalutamide). […] But if the cancer continues to grow and spread or if it comes back, other treatments might be options, such as immunotherapy, targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, or other forms of hormone therapy.

• #87 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65915/

  Treatment of stage III prostate cancer may include: External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Hormone therapy. Radiation therapy may be given after hormone therapy, Radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of stage IV prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Hormone therapy combined with chemotherapy, Bisphosphonate therapy, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of recurrent hormone-sensitive or hormone-resistant prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy for patients already treated with hormone therapy, Immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T for patients already treated with hormone therapy, External radiation therapy, Prostatectomy for patients already treated with radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, PARP inhibitor therapy for patients already treated with hormone therapy who have mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

• #88 Metastatic prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972

  Treatment for metastatic prostate cancer often starts with hormone therapy. This treatment blocks the effects of hormones that prostate cancer cells use to help them grow. If the cancer starts growing again, other treatments may be used. […] Eventually most metastatic prostate cancers find ways to grow without hormones. When this happens, healthcare professionals call these advanced cancers castration-resistant prostate cancers. Hormone therapy treatments usually continue. But other medicines might be added to the treatment plan. These other treatments might include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiopharmaceutical treatments. […] Many treatments are available for metastatic prostate cancer, which also is called stage 4 prostate cancer. If one treatment stops working, there often are other options. Metastatic prostate cancer treatments may slow the cancer and extend your life. But metastatic prostate cancer often can’t be cured.

• #89 Metastatic prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972

  If your initial treatment for prostate cancer didn’t involve removing your prostate, you might have radiation therapy to the prostate. It might be an option if you have only a few areas of metastatic prostate cancer. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] When palliative care is used with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #90 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Hormonal treatment is the mainstay of therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Cure is rarely, if ever, possible, but striking subjective or objective responses to treatment occur in most patients. […] In recurrent hormone-sensitive or hormone-resistant prostate cancer, the selection of further treatment depends on many factors, including previous treatment, site of recurrence, coexistent illnesses, and individual patient considerations. […] Definitive radiation therapy can be given to patients with disease that fails only locally after prostatectomy. […] A randomized trial has shown improved overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific survival with the addition of high-dose bicalutamide to radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone in men with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

• #91 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65915/

  Treatment of stage III prostate cancer may include: External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Hormone therapy. Radiation therapy may be given after hormone therapy, Radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of stage IV prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Hormone therapy combined with chemotherapy, Bisphosphonate therapy, External radiation therapy. Hormone therapy may be given after radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, Watchful waiting, Active surveillance. If the cancer begins to grow, hormone therapy may be given. […] Treatment of recurrent hormone-sensitive or hormone-resistant prostate cancer may include: Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy for patients already treated with hormone therapy, Immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T for patients already treated with hormone therapy, External radiation therapy, Prostatectomy for patients already treated with radiation therapy, Alpha emitter radiation therapy, PARP inhibitor therapy for patients already treated with hormone therapy who have mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

• #92 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66036/

  Hormonal treatment is the mainstay of therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Cure is rarely, if ever, possible, but striking subjective or objective responses to treatment occur in most patients. […] In recurrent hormone-sensitive or hormone-resistant prostate cancer, the selection of further treatment depends on many factors, including previous treatment, site of recurrence, coexistent illnesses, and individual patient considerations. […] Definitive radiation therapy can be given to patients with disease that fails only locally after prostatectomy. […] A randomized trial has shown improved overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific survival with the addition of high-dose bicalutamide to radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone in men with locally recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

• #93 Prostate Cancer – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer/chapter/treatment

  The combination of ARPI plus PARP inhibitors showed a significant rPFS benefit in RCTs for unselected patients. […] The timing of treatment change for men with metastatic prostate cancer remains a matter of debate in although it is clearly advisable to start or change treatment immediately in men with symptomatic progressing metastatic disease. […] The management of cN1M0 PCa is historically based on long-term ADT combined with a local treatment with radiotherapy more commonly used than RP/pelvic nodal dissection. […] The management of patients with pN1 PCa at RP has been addressed in several retrospective studies and a SR. […] The addition of ADT may improve PFS. […] The available data suggest that patients with PSA persistence after RP have worse prostate-cancer outcomes and serve to benefit most from early aggressive multimodality treatment.

• #94 Treatment of Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/treatment/index.html

  Targeted therapy: Using drugs that attack cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Targeted therapy is used to treat prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is no longer responding to hormone therapy. […] Talk to your cancer doctor about the treatment options available for your type and stage of cancer. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits of each treatment and their side effects. […] Sometimes people get an opinion from more than one cancer doctor. This is called a „second opinion.” Getting a second opinion may help you choose the treatment that is right for you. […] Clinical trials use new treatment options to see if they are safe and effective. If you have cancer, you may want to take part. […] Complementary and alternative medicine are medicines and health practices that are not standard cancer treatments. Complementary medicine is used in addition to standard treatments. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard treatments. […] Many kinds of complementary and alternative medicine have not been tested scientifically and may not be safe. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits before you start any kind of complementary or alternative medicine.

• #95 Prostate Cancer Treatments | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/prostate/treatment

  Many of our doctors are lead investigators in clinical trials that test new therapies and diagnostic methods in patients. […] Active Surveillance: We work with you to watch for changes as we closely monitor the tumor. […] Radical Prostatectomy: This is surgery to remove your prostate gland. […] Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to treat cancer. […] Focal Therapy: We use minimally invasive methods to remove small tumors that are only in the prostate and are not aggressive. […] Hormone Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy: There may be evidence that the tumor is aggressive. […] Rising PSA after Surgery or Radiation: PSA levels may start to rise after surgery or radiation therapy. […] Metastatic Disease: Metastatic disease is when cancer has metastasized (spread) from the prostate to the lymph nodes, bones, or other parts of your body. Treatment can help you live a longer life.

• #96 Treatment – Prostate Cancer – Cancers We Treat – Wilmot Cancer Institute – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/cancer-institute/cancers/prostate/treatment

  Therapy is based on the stage of the cancer, age and expected life span, prognosis, other health problems, and the patient’s wishes. […] Seven types of treatment are commonly used for prostate cancer: active surveillance, surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, bone-directed treatment. […] The main surgery for prostate cancer is a radical prostatectomy to remove the entire prostate gland, surrounding tissue, and seminal vesicles, through an incision in the abdomen or the perineum. […] Surgery for prostate cancer often comes with side effects, some of which are temporary. […] HIFU is a personalized treatment of prostate cancer that uses ultrasound energy, or sound waves that rapidly destroy the targeted tissue while surrounding tissue remains unharmed. […] This is also called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The goal is to lower the amount of male sex hormones (androgens) made by the body to stop the growth of prostate cancer.

• #97 Treatment – Prostate Cancer – Cancers We Treat – Wilmot Cancer Institute – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/cancer-institute/cancers/prostate/treatment

  Wilmot Cancer Institute is the only cancer center in Upstate New York offering HDR Brachytherapy a unique type of internal radiation therapy. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs or combinations of drugs given intravenously or as pills to destroy cancer cells. […] These are newer drugs designed to target specific gene changes that result in prostate cancer. […] These drugs boost a persons own immune system to fight cancer. […] Drugs that strengthen the bone are prescribed for men who have also received hormone therapy because they are at increased risk for bone loss or fractures.

• #98 ‘Not all cancer needs to be cured’: Five ways that prostate cancer treatments have improved | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/not-all-cancer-needs-be-cured-five-ways-prostate-cancer-treatments-have-improved

  Androgen pathway inhibitors have been the single biggest improvement in treating advanced prostate cancer in the last 5 to 10 years. […] Robotic surgery for prostate cancer has evolved to become the most common way that prostatectomies are performed in the United States. […] Collectively, these developments have shifted the focus toward a more personalized approach, taking into account the aggressiveness of the cancer, the patients other medical conditions and life circumstances. […] We are far more cognizant about this balance of cure and quality of life.

• #99 Prostate Cancer Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/prostate-cancer-treatment

  It’s very important to have a multidisciplinary consultation, says Dr. Nguyen. The best thing to do is to see all three doctors so you can get all the treatment options and make the decision that’s best for your individual needs. […] Dr. Nguyen believes prostate cancer outcomes will continue to improve. Several developments fuel his optimism. […] Catching cancer in its earliest stages often produces the best results. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that men with average or high risks of prostate cancer discuss testing with their doctor at an earlier age than usual. […] Mass General Brigham doctors continue to improve radiation options for prostate cancer. […] Proton beam radiation: Proton beam therapy uses high-energy, focused beams to target the prostate with more precision than standard radiation therapy.

• #100 Treatment options for prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/treatment/decisions-about-your-treatment

  Your doctor usually recommends that you have treatment. You might have: surgery to remove your prostate, external radiotherapy with hormone therapy, internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy, chemotherapy with a drug called docetaxel, hormone therapy. […] It can be difficult to choose the best treatment for you. […] The Predict Prostate tool can also help you decide between monitoring and radical treatment. […] A UK trial showed that there can be very little difference in survival between the treatments especially if you are diagnosed with early prostate cancer. […] Its also important to understand the possible side effects of each treatment. […] If you are asked to choose your treatment you might want to consider the following factors: How likely is it that the cancer will cause problems in your lifetime, How do you feel about living with the cancer in your body and not having treatment, What are your options and what do they involve, What are the side effects, How do you feel about the different treatments, Are there some side effects that would bother you more than others, How the treatment side effects might affect your sex life, How you feel about what is involved practically for example, spending time in hospital or recovery time, How quickly do you want to know how well the treatment is working, What are your treatment options if the cancer comes back in the future.

• #101 Prostate cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353093

  Prostate cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and medicines. Medicines for prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Sometimes other treatments are used to treat prostate cancer. These might include having ablation therapy with heat or cold to hurt the cancer cells and receiving medicine that gives radiation directly to the cancer cells. […] Your healthcare team considers many things when creating your prostate cancer treatment plan. They consider the size of your cancer, whether it has spread and how quickly it’s growing. They also consider your overall health and your preferences. Talk with your healthcare team about your options. […] Prostate cancer treatment isn’t always needed right away. Instead, the healthcare team may watch the cancer closely. Healthcare professionals call this active surveillance. It often involves regular follow-up blood tests, imaging tests and prostate biopsies. If tests show that the cancer is growing, you may choose to start treatment. For some prostate cancers, treatment may never be needed.

• #102 Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq

  The median age at diagnosis of prostate cancer is 67 years. Prostate cancer may be cured when localized, and it frequently responds to treatment when widespread. The approach to treatment is influenced by age and coexisting medical problems. Side effects of various forms of treatment should be considered in selecting appropriate management. […] Many patients especially those with localized tumors may die of other illnesses without ever having suffered disability from prostate cancer, even if managed conservatively without an attempt at curative therapy. […] The prevalence of clinically indolent tumors is estimated at 30% to 70% in men older than 60 years, based on autopsy series of men dying of causes unrelated to prostate cancer. […] The approach to treatment is influenced by age and coexisting medical problems. Side effects of various forms of treatment should be considered in selecting appropriate management.

• #103 Prostate Cancer | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/prostate-cancer

  We offer clinical trials that allow some men to receive novel therapies long before they’re widely available. […] Your treatment plan considers all aspects of your physical, emotional, spiritual, and financial needs. […] Our board-certified genetic counselors offer comprehensive services to help you understand your risk of developing prostate cancer based on your family history and genetic makeup. […] Prostate cancer treatment can affect your strength, endurance, and range of motion, making it hard to return to the hobbies and daily activities you enjoy. […] Our care for you doesn’t stop when you become cancer-free.

• #104 Prostate Cancer Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/prostate-cancer-treatment

  It’s very important to have a multidisciplinary consultation, says Dr. Nguyen. The best thing to do is to see all three doctors so you can get all the treatment options and make the decision that’s best for your individual needs. […] Dr. Nguyen believes prostate cancer outcomes will continue to improve. Several developments fuel his optimism. […] Catching cancer in its earliest stages often produces the best results. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that men with average or high risks of prostate cancer discuss testing with their doctor at an earlier age than usual. […] Mass General Brigham doctors continue to improve radiation options for prostate cancer. […] Proton beam radiation: Proton beam therapy uses high-energy, focused beams to target the prostate with more precision than standard radiation therapy.

• #105 Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer

  Researchers found that for some men: the risk of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body is much lower with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with watchful waiting. […] Surgery to remove the prostate gland appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than external-beam radiation therapy. […] A combination of 3D-CRT (a type of external-beam radiation therapy) and hormone therapy appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than 3D-CRT alone. […] All treatments can cause side effects. The most common side effects are urinary, bowel, and sexual problems. […] Urinary incontinence and trouble getting or keeping an erection are more common with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy is sometimes used together with radiation. It is also sometimes given before surgery to remove the prostate gland.

• #106 Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer

  Researchers found that for some men: the risk of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body is much lower with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with watchful waiting. […] Surgery to remove the prostate gland appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than external-beam radiation therapy. […] A combination of 3D-CRT (a type of external-beam radiation therapy) and hormone therapy appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than 3D-CRT alone. […] All treatments can cause side effects. The most common side effects are urinary, bowel, and sexual problems. […] Urinary incontinence and trouble getting or keeping an erection are more common with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy is sometimes used together with radiation. It is also sometimes given before surgery to remove the prostate gland.

• #107 Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer | Conditions & Treatments | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-prostate-cancer

  The two types of prostate brachytherapy are low dose rate and high dose rate. […] High dose rate (HDR, or temporary seed) brachytherapy involves the temporary placement of 14 to 20 catheters (hollow needles) through the perineum into the prostate. […] The feasibility of prostate brachytherapy depends on many factors, including the cancer’s stage; baseline urinary symptoms; prostate size and anatomy; and prior surgical procedures, such as transurethral resection of the prostate. […] At UCSF, we usually provide general, spinal or epidural anesthesia for pain control before performing prostate brachytherapy. […] After both LDR and HDR brachytherapy, you may experience the following: burning with urination, increased urination frequency (daytime and nighttime), slow or weak urinary stream, incomplete emptying of the bladder, a brief period of blood in urine (usually in the immediate post-procedure period), perineal pain or soreness, scrotal bruising or swelling, blood spotting from the perineum, nausea and headache (from spinal or epidural anesthesia), fatigue.

• #108 Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer

  Researchers found that for some men: the risk of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body is much lower with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with watchful waiting. […] Surgery to remove the prostate gland appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than external-beam radiation therapy. […] A combination of 3D-CRT (a type of external-beam radiation therapy) and hormone therapy appears to increase the chance of surviving the cancer more than 3D-CRT alone. […] All treatments can cause side effects. The most common side effects are urinary, bowel, and sexual problems. […] Urinary incontinence and trouble getting or keeping an erection are more common with surgery to remove the prostate gland than with radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy is sometimes used together with radiation. It is also sometimes given before surgery to remove the prostate gland.

• #109 Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer

  Thanks to improvements in technology and daily imaging, radiation therapy can deliver a higher radiation dose directly to the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays (photons) or a stream of particles (protons). […] Initially, most patients do not have side effects. […] Radiation therapy can cause impotence in some men at a similar rate as nerve-sparing prostatectomy. […] Patients usually return to see the radiation oncologist about two to eight weeks after the last radiation therapy session. […] Doctors often successfully treat prostate cancer. […] Identifying the exact location and extent of the disease at an early stage is vital. […] Lutetium-177 PSMA therapy is recently shown to improve survival in certain metastatic prostate cancer patients.

• #110 Hormone therapy | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/treatments/hormone-therapy

  There are three main ways to have hormone therapy for prostate cancer. […] The type of hormone therapy you have will depend on whether your cancer has spread, any other treatments you’re having, and your own personal choice. […] Anti-androgen tablets stop testosterone from reaching the cancer cells. […] They can be used on their own, before having injections or implants, together with injections or implants, or after surgery to remove the testicles (orchidectomy). […] There are newer types of hormone therapy that can be used to treat some men with prostate cancer. […] Hormone therapy may slightly increase your chance of developing other health problems, including heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes, and blood clots. […] Hormone therapy can cause side effects that might have a big impact on your daily life.

• #111 Patient education: Treatment for advanced prostate cancer (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-for-advanced-prostate-cancer-beyond-the-basics/print

  The recommended treatment approach depends on several factors, including how quickly the disease is expected to progress and the number and location of metastases. […] Options for initial treatment include androgen deprivation therapy, which can be done by taking medicines that interfere with androgens or by having surgery to remove the testicles. […] Timing of ADT — Whether to start ADT immediately or delay it depends on how far the disease has spread and the risk of further progression. […] Side effects of ADT are related to the lowered levels of male hormones and include decreased libido, hot flashes, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. […] Often, ADT is given in combination with another form of treatment, such as abiraterone or chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is now often recommended in combination with ADT as the initial treatment for males whose cancer has already spread outside of the prostate.

• #112 Prostate Cancer | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/prostate-cancer

  We offer clinical trials that allow some men to receive novel therapies long before they’re widely available. […] Your treatment plan considers all aspects of your physical, emotional, spiritual, and financial needs. […] Our board-certified genetic counselors offer comprehensive services to help you understand your risk of developing prostate cancer based on your family history and genetic makeup. […] Prostate cancer treatment can affect your strength, endurance, and range of motion, making it hard to return to the hobbies and daily activities you enjoy. […] Our care for you doesn’t stop when you become cancer-free.

• #113 Prostate Cancer Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/genitourinary-cancer-care/prostate-cancer/treatments

  Immunotherapy harnesses your own immune system to fight cancer. To achieve this, special cells in your body are recruited and modified for this purpose, or cells are created in a laboratory and injected into your blood stream to help your body fight the cancer. […] Clinical trials help scientists determine if new treatments are safe and effective, and if they work better than conventional treatments. Patients who participate in clinical trials help advance our understanding of cancer and help chart the future of medical care. […] Cryotherapy may be a good treatment option for prostate cancer treatment because it’s less invasive that standard surgery.

• #114 ‘Not all cancer needs to be cured’: Five ways that prostate cancer treatments have improved | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/not-all-cancer-needs-be-cured-five-ways-prostate-cancer-treatments-have-improved

  Prostate cancer treatments have improved significantly over the years, offering patients more options that are less harmful and more personalized. […] Today, a prostate cancer diagnosis comes with a widening range of options that are more precise, less harmful, less invasive, and more personalized to the patients body and life circumstances. […] The evolution of surgery by robotic arms is among an array of technological and procedural advances. […] Some treatments have evolved to reduce the side effects and other burdens that significant medical interventions put on patients. […] Advances in genetic testing have enabled doctors to learn about DNA mutations in a patient that might influence how they respond to specific treatments. […] Lowering androgen levels can stop or slow the growth of prostate cancer.

• #115 ‘Not all cancer needs to be cured’: Five ways that prostate cancer treatments have improved | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/not-all-cancer-needs-be-cured-five-ways-prostate-cancer-treatments-have-improved

  Androgen pathway inhibitors have been the single biggest improvement in treating advanced prostate cancer in the last 5 to 10 years. […] Robotic surgery for prostate cancer has evolved to become the most common way that prostatectomies are performed in the United States. […] Collectively, these developments have shifted the focus toward a more personalized approach, taking into account the aggressiveness of the cancer, the patients other medical conditions and life circumstances. […] We are far more cognizant about this balance of cure and quality of life.

• #116 Prostate Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/prostate-cancer

  We believe in a personalized, comprehensive approach working closely with you to help you choose the best treatment strategy for your condition and your unique situation. […] Our multidisciplinary prostate cancer team urologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, pathologists and radiologists collaborates with the goal of offering each patient innovative and high-quality care based on the latest research. […] Although treatments for prostate cancer are continuously advancing, they can have lasting side effects in some men. […] We strive to help you develop the right treatment course for your condition, one that offers a cure or effective management of the cancer while having the least possible impact on your health and your body. […] The UChicago Medicine High Risk Advanced Prostate Cancer Clinic (UCHAP) was created to provide specialized care for men at high risk for prostate cancer as well as those diagnosed with advanced disease.

• #117 Prostate cancer

  https://www.astrazeneca.com/our-therapy-areas/oncology/prostate-cancer.html

  Unfortunately, prostate cancer can become unresponsive to hormonal agents and alternative treatment options need to be considered to control the disease. […] If the cancer becomes resistant to treatment, it may progress further locally, and spread to other parts of the body. […] At this stage of the disease, it is important to control symptoms, delay disease progression, and extend life as much as possible. […] Up to 20% of patients with advanced prostate cancer will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer within approximately 5 years of diagnosis. […] Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) occurs when prostate cancer grows and spreads to other parts of the body and no longer responds effectively to testosterone-lowering treatments. […] Most patients with mCRPC unfortunately succumb to this aggressive disease within two to three years, demonstrating the critical unmet need for therapy advancements in this area.

• #118 Breakthrough nuclear medicine treatment helps patients with advanced prostate cancer – Medical Update

  https://medicalupdate.pennstatehealth.org/urology-surgery/novartis-pluvicto/

  The use of imaging agents aimed at the PSMA target, such as Locametz, is a logical approach to identifying patients who may benefit from Pluvicto. […] This allows for the individualization of therapeutic management. […] The majority of patients experience little discomfort and few side effects, Tulchinsky said. […] Not only is Pluvicto effective where other treatments have failed, but its also much less burdensome and allows most patients to maintain their well-being through the treatment course. […] Two phase 3 trials are investigating how Pluvicto could potentially benefit more patients at earlier stages of prostate cancer. […] Tulchinsky is excited about investigating the potential of Pluvicto to treat prostate cancer at much earlier stages. […] I hope other physicians will recognize Pluvicto as a pivotal therapy that not only has a relatively low burden of side effects and patient inconvenience but also improves lives despite an advanced prostate cancer diagnosis.

• #119 Prostate cancer

  https://www.astrazeneca.com/our-therapy-areas/oncology/prostate-cancer.html

  Historically in the treatment of mCRPC, hormonal therapy has been used to control growth hormone levels, with chemotherapy also provided as an option. […] By determining the genomic profile and assessing the alteration of specific DNA repair genes associated with a patient’s tumour, it may be possible to consider novel approaches to treatment. […] One such approach and class of potential targeted mCRPC therapies are PARP (poly-ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors, which block the activity of the DNA repair protein PARP. […] While genetic mutations fuel cancer development, they can also help us to understand and exploit deficiencies in the repair pathways of certain cancers. […] At AstraZeneca we remain wholly committed to innovative research that allows us to build on our long-standing oncology history and help as many patients living with prostate cancer as possible. […] We will continue to research personalised treatment options for people with mCRPC, as already seen in ovarian, breast and pancreatic cancer, so we can one day achieve our ambition to eliminate prostate cancer as a cause of death.

• #120 Prostate Cancer | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/prostate-cancer

  As one of the most experienced teams in the region, we can help you find the prostate cancer treatment thats right for you. […] Thankfully, most men are diagnosed early, with a range of safe and effective treatments that offer excellent outcomes with fewer long-term side effects. […] Your care team also consists of nurses, social workers, genetic counselors, nutritionists, and others working together to support you and your family as you journey back to health. […] Through our partnership with the only National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in the Washington, D.C., region, the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, you’ll benefit from innovative research and clinical trials paving the way for better, more personalized therapies that offer hope for a cure.

• #121 Prostate Cancer Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/prostate-cancer-treatment

  It’s very important to have a multidisciplinary consultation, says Dr. Nguyen. The best thing to do is to see all three doctors so you can get all the treatment options and make the decision that’s best for your individual needs. […] Dr. Nguyen believes prostate cancer outcomes will continue to improve. Several developments fuel his optimism. […] Catching cancer in its earliest stages often produces the best results. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that men with average or high risks of prostate cancer discuss testing with their doctor at an earlier age than usual. […] Mass General Brigham doctors continue to improve radiation options for prostate cancer. […] Proton beam radiation: Proton beam therapy uses high-energy, focused beams to target the prostate with more precision than standard radiation therapy.

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