Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prostate cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087

  Prostate cancer usually has no presenting symptoms. […] When symptoms do occur, they can include: trouble urinating or decreased force of stream, blood in the urine or semen, bone pain, unexpected weight loss, and unexplained fevers. […] Prostate cancer may not cause symptoms at first. Most prostate cancers are found at an early stage. This means that the cancer is only in the prostate. An early-stage prostate cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms. […] When they happen, early-stage prostate cancer signs and symptoms can include: Blood in the urine, which might make the urine look pink, red or cola-colored. Blood in the semen. Needing to urinate more often. Trouble getting started when trying to urinate. Waking up to urinate more often at night. […] If the prostate cancer spreads, other symptoms can happen. Prostate cancer that spreads to other parts of the body is called metastatic prostate cancer. It also might be called stage 4 prostate cancer or advanced prostate cancer.

• #1 Symptoms of Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/symptoms/index.html

  Different people have different symptoms for prostate cancer. […] Most men do not have symptoms at all. […] If you have any of the following symptoms, be sure to see your doctor right away: Difficulty starting urination. […] Weak or interrupted flow of urine. […] Urinating often, especially at night. […] Trouble emptying the bladder completely. […] Pain or burning during urination. […] Blood in the urine or semen. […] Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn’t go away. […] Painful ejaculation. […] Most prostate cancers grow slowly and don’t cause health problems.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms/

  Prostate cancer does not usually cause any symptoms until the cancer has grown large enough to put pressure on the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the penis (urethra). […] Symptoms of prostate cancer can include: […] needing to pee more frequently, often during the night […] needing to rush to the toilet […] difficulty in starting to pee (hesitancy) […] straining or taking a long time while peeing […] weak flow […] feeling that your bladder has not emptied fully […] blood in urine or blood in semen. […] Signs that the cancer may have spread include bone and back pain, a loss of appetite, pain in the testicles and unintentional weight loss.

• #1 Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most of these symptoms are more likely to be caused by something other than prostate cancer. For example, trouble urinating is much more often caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous growth of the prostate. Still, its important to tell your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms so that the cause can be found and treated, if needed. Some people might need more tests to check for prostate cancer.

• #1 Prostate cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087

  Signs and symptoms of advanced prostate cancer can include: Accidental leaking of urine. Back pain. Bone pain. Difficulty getting an erection, called erectile dysfunction. Feeling very tired. Losing weight without trying. Weakness in the arms or legs. […] Prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones or other organs. When prostate cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic prostate cancer.

• #1 Symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/metastatic-cancer/symptoms

  Metastatic prostate cancer means that a cancer that began in the prostate gland has spread to another part of the body. It is also called advanced prostate cancer. […] If your prostate cancer has spread you might: have bone pain, feel very tired (fatigue), feel generally unwell, have weight loss for no known reason. […] The most common symptom if cancer has spread to the bone is bone pain. It is usually there most of the time and can wake you up at night. The pain can be a dull ache or stabbing pain. […] When prostate cancer spreads to the spine, it can put pressure on the spinal cord and cause spinal cord compression. This stops the nerves from being able to work properly. Back pain is usually the first symptom of spinal cord compression. […] The most common symptoms are swelling and pain around the area where the cancer has spread.

• #1 Managing symptoms in advanced prostate cancer | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/managing-symptoms-in-advanced-prostate-cancer/

  You might get urinary problems if the cancer is pressing on your urethra or has spread to areas around the prostate, such as the urethra and bladder. […] You might get bowel problems if your prostate cancer has spread to your bowel, although this isn’t very common. […] The most common place for prostate cancer to spread to is the bones. The cancer can damage bones, making them weaker. […] Dealing with advanced prostate cancer can have an impact on your sex life. […] If the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes it could lead to a condition called lymphoedema caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system. […] Some men with advanced prostate cancer develop a condition called anaemia. This is caused by a drop in the number of red blood cells, which means your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen around the body.

• #1 Symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/metastatic-cancer/symptoms

  You might have any of the following symptoms if your cancer has spread to the liver: discomfort or pain on the right side of your tummy (abdomen), feeling sick, poor appetite and weight loss, a swollen tummy (called ascites), yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin. […] You may have any of these symptoms if cancer has spread to your lungs: a cough that doesn’t go away, breathlessness, coughing up blood, a build up of fluid between the chest wall and the lung (a pleural effusion). […] Large tumours in the prostate can press on the urethra and spread to the bladder. You might find that you: pass urine more often, get up in the night to pass urine, have difficulty passing urine, have a strong urge to empty your bladder, have blood in your urine or semen. […] Prostate cancer can spread to the bowel, but it is rare. You might have: constipation, pain in your tummy, blood in your poo or from your back passage. […] When prostate cancer is advanced, it can no longer be cured. But treatment can control it for some time and help to relieve symptoms.

• #1 What to expect | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/dying-from-prostate-cancer/what-to-expect/

  Prostate cancer cells can move from the prostate to other parts of the body through the blood stream. Or they can spread to the lymph nodes near the prostate and then travel through the lymph vessels to other parts of your body. Lymph nodes and lymph vessels are part of your lymphatic system and are found throughout your body. […] Prostate cancer most commonly spreads to the bones and lymph nodes. It can also spread to, or press on, the tube you urinate through (urethra), the bladder, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters) and part of the bowel (rectum). Prostate cancer may spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs and liver. But this is less common. […] The symptoms and problems you have will depend on where the cancer has spread to. Even though your cancer is still growing, you will still be able to have treatment to help manage these problems.

• #1 What to expect | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/dying-from-prostate-cancer/what-to-expect/

  Advanced prostate cancer problems may include: extreme tiredness (fatigue), pain, urinary problems, bowel problems, broken bones (fractures), sexual problems, build up of fluid (lymphoedema), low red blood cell levels (anaemia), metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), high calcium levels (hypercalcaemia) symptoms can include tiredness, feeling and being sick (nausea and vomiting) and difficulty emptying your bowels (constipation), eating problems and weight loss. […] Some men find that they get more of these problems in their last months and weeks. Others find that existing problems get worse. There are treatments to help manage these problems and things that can help. […] It’s important to be aware of the symptoms of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). This is a very serious medical condition that affects some men with advanced prostate cancer. If you have any symptoms of MSCC, its important to get medical advice straight away.

• #1 Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most prostate cancers are found early, through screening, before it has a chance to cause noticeable problems. […] Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. While not common, symptoms of early prostate cancer might include: Problems urinating, including a slow or weak urinary stream or the need to urinate more often, especially at night. Blood in the urine or semen. […] Advanced prostate cancer means it has grown larger and has possibly spread to other areas. When prostate cancer is advanced, it can cause problems with urination and blood in the urine or semen, as well as other symptoms, including: Trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction or ED). Pain in the hips, back (spine), chest (ribs), or other areas, from cancer that has spread to the bones. Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet, or even loss of bladder or bowel control, from cancer in the spine pressing on the spinal cord. Weight loss. Feeling very tired.

• #1 Symptoms of Advance Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/advanced-education/signs-advanced-prostate

  Advanced prostate cancer means your cancer has spread to areas outside of the prostate gland. […] Some signs of spread may include changes in urinary or bowel habits, sore lymph nodes in the groin, unexplained weight loss, and pain in the hip or back. […] Tumors may grow in other areas of the body, such as the bladder, bones, legs, or lungs. […] In the early stages, you may not notice any symptoms related to prostate cancer. […] Symptoms can sometimes be noticed for the first time when the cancer advances. […] The most common areas for prostate cancer to spread are your bladder, rectum, and bones. […] Symptoms of cancer that’s spread to the bowels include stomach pain, constipation, and blood in your stool. […] When prostate cancer spreads, it’s common for cancer cells to go to your lymph nodes and then move to more areas of your body.

• #1 Symptoms of Advance Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/advanced-education/signs-advanced-prostate

  Cancer cells prevent your lymph nodes from draining fluid and working properly. […] When this happens, your lymph nodes swell. […] One of the most common areas for prostate cancer to spread is to the bones, often your hip and spine since these are closest to your prostate. […] Having cancer spread to your bones is painful and often requires treatment to manage the pain. […] Back pain can be a sign of both cancer spreading to your bones or the beginning of pressure on your spinal cord. […] If you have advanced cancer and begin to have trouble breathing, this could mean it has spread to your lungs. […] Losing weight without eating less or actively trying to lose weight is a general sign of advanced cancer. […] Loss of appetite or interest in eating is also a sign cancer has spread to other areas of your body, like your liver.

• #1 Prostate Cancer – Basics & Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/understanding-prostate-cancer-basics

  Symptoms of prostate cancer include: […] Prostate cancer is usually a very slow-growing cancer, often causing no symptoms until it is in an advanced stage. […] Most men with prostate cancer die of other causes and many never know that they have the disease. […] Cancer that has spread beyond the prostate (such as to the bones, lymph nodes, and lungs) is not curable, but it may be controlled for many years. […] Prostate cancer in its early stages (when its found only in the prostate gland) can be treated, with very good chances for survival. […] Symptoms of prostate cancer include: Trouble starting to pee, Weak or interrupted pee stream, Peeing often, especially at night, Trouble emptying your bladder completely, Pain or burning when you pee, Blood in your pee or semen, Continuing pain in your back, hips, or pelvis, Pain with ejaculation.

• #1 Prostate Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/prostate-cancer-overview-7092736

  Additional symptoms can occur if prostate cancer metastasizes (spreads) to other body parts: Numbness and weakness in the limbs: Occurs when prostate cancer spreads to the spine and compresses the spinal cord […] Pain in the back, hips, or chest: Happens if the cancer spreads to the bones […] Swelling in the legs or feet: Occurs when prostate cancer spreads to the pelvic lymph nodes […] Unintentional weight loss: Results from cancer cells burning more of the body’s energy. […] Prostate cancer is often detected before it causes symptoms through routine screening tests. […] Prostate cancer is staged based on where the cancer is located, the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far in the body it has spread. […] There are four stages, and each stage is further divided into substages. The main stages include: Stage 1: Cancer is confined to one-half of one side of the prostate and is low-risk (slow-growing) […] Stage 2: Cancer is confined to the prostate, and the tumor is small but is at risk of growing and spreading […] Stage 3: Cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland into nearby tissues or organs (e.g., bladder, rectum, pelvic lymph nodes) […] Stage 4: Cancer is advanced and has spread beyond the prostate to other, more distant areas of the body.

• #1 Prostate Cancer – Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment Options

  https://www.advancedurologyinstitute.com/symptoms-types-prostate-cancer/

  The tumor stage describes how the cancer was detected and the extent of the cancer in your body. Your doctor will tell you if the cancer is: Stage I or II: Limited to the prostate (early localized), Stage III (locally advanced): Detected in organs next to the prostate, extending into the seminal vesicles, sphincter, bladder, rectum, or wall of the pelvis, Stage IV (advanced metastatic): Spread beyond the prostate into the lymph nodes or other organs including bones.

• #1 Prostate Cancer Symptoms: Stage 1, 2, 3 & 4 Explained | Nanavati Max Hospital

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/prostate-cancer-symptoms-stages

  The earliest signs of prostate cancer may be subtle and can include urinary problems, discomfort in the pelvic area and in advanced stages, bone pain. […] Prostate cancer symptoms can vary greatly depending on its stage. Here is a guide to help identify potential indicators at each stage of the disease. […] In Stage 1, the cancerous cells are confined to the prostate. The symptoms are generally mild and might not be very noticeable. They include: Frequent urination, A noticeable decline in the strength of the urine stream, Difficulty starting and stopping while urinating. […] As we progress to Stage 2, the cancer has grown but still remains within the prostate. The symptoms may become more prominent and include: More frequent urge to urinate, especially at night, Difficulty holding back urine, Painful ejaculation or difficulty achieving erection due to pain.

• #1 Prostate Cancer Symptoms: Stage 1, 2, 3 & 4 Explained | Nanavati Max Hospital

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/prostate-cancer-symptoms-stages

  For Stage 3, the cancer has begun to spread outside the prostate into nearby tissues. This stage presents more severe symptoms such as: Blood in the urine, Painful urination, Pelvic discomfort. […] At Stage 4, the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The symptoms become severe and may include: Bone pain in hips, spine or ribs, Fatigue and weakness, Unexplained weight loss. […] If you notice any of these prostate cancer symptoms, please consult your family doctor immediately. Early detection can significantly improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment and prognosis. […] As prostate cancer stages progress, symptoms typically become more pronounced. In advanced stages, individuals may experience pain in the lower back, hips or thighs, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

• #1 Prostate Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470550/

  Outcomes depend on age, associated health problems, tumor histology, and the extent of cancer. […] Prostate cancer typically begins with a mutation in normal prostate glandular cells, often starting in the peripheral basal cells. […] Prostate cancer is most commonly found in the peripheral zone of the prostate, which is the area that can be palpated during a digital rectal examination (DRE). […] Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the bones and lymph nodes. […] Prostate cancer can result in spinal cord compression, causing tingling, leg weakness, pain, paralysis, and urinary and fecal incontinence. […] Metastatic prostate cancer can cause severe bone pain, often in the back (vertebrae), pelvis, hips, or ribs.

• #1 Prostate cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

  Typically none. Sometimes trouble urinating, erectile dysfunction, or pain in the back/pelvis. […] Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. As the cancer advances, it may cause erectile dysfunction, blood in the urine or semen, or trouble urinating commonly including frequent urination and slow or weak urine stream. […] Advanced prostate tumors can metastasize to nearby lymph nodes and bones, particularly in the pelvis, hips, spine, ribs, head, and neck. There they can cause fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and back or bone pain that does not improve with rest. […] Prostate cancer prognosis depends on how far the cancer has spread at diagnosis. Most men diagnosed have low-risk tumors confined to the prostate; 99% of them survive more than 10 years from their diagnoses. Tumors that have metastasized to distant body sites are most dangerous, with five-year survival rates of 30-40%.

• #1 Prostate Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/prostate-cancer.html

  The average length of survival after a new, metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis is about 5 to 6 years. But it’s important to remember that prostate cancer is not a one-size-fits-all disease. Survival rates are averages. Some patients will live longer than the average, and some will live less than the average. Speak with your doctor about your specific prognosis. […] Metastatic prostate cancer goes through two phases, and this impacts the length of survival. […] During this phase, treatments directed toward the testosterone hormones are working well to keep the cancer from growing. […] Prostate cancer is smart, and eventually, it learns how to grow without testosterone. This is what we call hormone-refractory, or castration-resistant, prostate cancer. On average, metastatic prostate cancer takes 2 to 3 years to become castration-resistant, but it could be longer or shorter depending on the features of the cancer. Once the disease reaches this phase, average survival is another 2 to 3 years.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/signs-you-are-dying-of-prostate-cancer

  In your final months of life with prostate cancer, symptoms are likely to be more frequent and severe. Symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite may emerge in the final days or weeks. […] Death from prostate cancer is more likely if you have advanced prostate cancer. This means it has spread to other areas of your body. At this point, there’s usually no path to curing your cancer. Treatment will focus on slowing its growth or managing symptoms. […] When measures to treat the cancer fail, you may start to experience more severe symptoms. […] A 2018 study found that people within 6 months of dying from prostate cancer experience many of the same symptoms as other people with the disease, but with greater frequency and severity. […] As you get nearer to the end of life, you may notice the following:

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/signs-you-are-dying-of-prostate-cancer

  Many people experience end stage restlessness, which can present as feeling agitated, anxious, or distressed. You may even experience delirium or hallucinations. […] Changes in metabolism combined with reduced food and drink intake mean you may experience changes in your waste functions. […] You’re more likely to experience shortness of breath in your final days and weeks. This could be due to the cancer, loss of muscle strength, or your body needing less oxygen. […] Fluid may build up in the back of the throat because you are too weak to clear it. This can cause a distinctive gurgling sound known as a death rattle. […] Not everyone with advanced prostate cancer experiences pain near the end of their life. You may feel bone pain if prostate cancer has spread to your bones. […] If your prostate cancer is getting worse, you may experience new or more severe symptoms, including fatigue, problems urinating, restlessness, and pain. […] The last stage of prostate cancer may be called stage 4, metastatic, or advanced prostate cancer. During this stage, the cancer has spread from the prostate to other organs in the body or lymph nodes.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Most prostate cancers are found early, through screening, before it has a chance to cause noticeable problems. […] Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. While not common, symptoms of early prostate cancer might include: Problems urinating, including a slow or weak urinary stream or the need to urinate more often, especially at night. Blood in the urine or semen. […] Advanced prostate cancer means it has grown larger and has possibly spread to other areas. When prostate cancer is advanced, it can cause problems with urination and blood in the urine or semen, as well as other symptoms, including: Trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction or ED). Pain in the hips, back (spine), chest (ribs), or other areas, from cancer that has spread to the bones. Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet, or even loss of bladder or bowel control, from cancer in the spine pressing on the spinal cord. Weight loss. Feeling very tired.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms/

  Prostate cancer does not usually cause any symptoms until the cancer has grown large enough to put pressure on the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the penis (urethra). […] Symptoms of prostate cancer can include: […] needing to pee more frequently, often during the night […] needing to rush to the toilet […] difficulty in starting to pee (hesitancy) […] straining or taking a long time while peeing […] weak flow […] feeling that your bladder has not emptied fully […] blood in urine or blood in semen. […] Signs that the cancer may have spread include bone and back pain, a loss of appetite, pain in the testicles and unintentional weight loss.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Symptoms: Stage 1, 2, 3 & 4 Explained | Nanavati Max Hospital

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/prostate-cancer-symptoms-stages

  The earliest signs of prostate cancer may be subtle and can include urinary problems, discomfort in the pelvic area and in advanced stages, bone pain. […] Prostate cancer symptoms can vary greatly depending on its stage. Here is a guide to help identify potential indicators at each stage of the disease. […] In Stage 1, the cancerous cells are confined to the prostate. The symptoms are generally mild and might not be very noticeable. They include: Frequent urination, A noticeable decline in the strength of the urine stream, Difficulty starting and stopping while urinating. […] As we progress to Stage 2, the cancer has grown but still remains within the prostate. The symptoms may become more prominent and include: More frequent urge to urinate, especially at night, Difficulty holding back urine, Painful ejaculation or difficulty achieving erection due to pain.

• #2 What are the top 5 warning signs of prostate cancer? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-are-the-warning-signs-of-prostate-cancer.h00-159694389.html

  Most people with stage I prostate cancer dont show any symptoms. […] For prostate cancer to cause symptoms, it may be at an advanced stage when it becomes harder to cure, says urologic oncologist Lisly Chry, M.D. […] The top 5 early warning signs of prostate cancer may include: […] Pain or a sensation in the pelvis can be a sign of advanced prostate cancer. […] As prostate cancer grows, it can start to invade the muscles in the pelvis or rectal wall, says Chry. […] Pain in your bones and joints can be an indication that the prostate cancer has metastasized, or spread, to your bones. […] You may experience pain or a burning sensation when urinating. […] Its very common for men to have problems with their prostate, especially as they age, says Chry. […] If prostate cancer is caught early, its easier to treat and cure.

• #2 Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html

  Prostate cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include: […] Problems urinating (peeing), such as: […] Pain in your lower back, hips, or pelvis that does not go away […] Painful ejaculation (the release of semen through the penis during orgasm). […] But many of these symptoms may be from other common prostate problems that aren’t cancer, such as an enlarged prostate. […] You should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:

• #2

  https://www.healthonecares.com/healthy-living/blog/5-early-symptoms-of-prostate-cancer

  Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men after skin cancer. Look out for these five early symptoms of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer progresses slowly over many years. Most men don’t notice the signs until it has grown large enough to detect. However, recognizing the early symptoms of prostate cancer increases the odds of successful treatment. Since prostate cancer grows slowly, most men don’t realize something is wrong in the early stages. However, there are five warning signs that you shouldn’t ignore: Pain or burning during urination or ejaculation, Frequent urination, especially at night, Trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction), Blood in the urine or semen, Difficulty starting or stopping urination. Other early symptoms of prostate cancer can include weak urine flow and discomfort or pain while sitting. Prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body is known as advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. The signs of advanced prostate cancer depend on where the cancer has spread. These signs can include swelling or weakness in the legs, back or hip pain, trouble breathing or a cough that doesn’t go away. Cancer that has spread to the bowels may also cause a loss of bowel control, stomach pain or constipation.

• #2 What are the top 5 warning signs of prostate cancer? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-are-the-warning-signs-of-prostate-cancer.h00-159694389.html

  Knowing your PSA level and staying on top of it year after year has shown to be beneficial in preventing death from prostate cancer, says Chry. […] If you develop prostate cancer and catch it early, youll have more treatment options and a better chance of getting cured. […] As men get older, the front of the prostate (where the urethra runs through) will grow. […] Symptoms caused by this growth may mimic the symptoms of prostate cancer and cause your PSA levels to go up.

• #2 Prostate Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470550/

  Outcomes depend on age, associated health problems, tumor histology, and the extent of cancer. […] Prostate cancer typically begins with a mutation in normal prostate glandular cells, often starting in the peripheral basal cells. […] Prostate cancer is most commonly found in the peripheral zone of the prostate, which is the area that can be palpated during a digital rectal examination (DRE). […] Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the bones and lymph nodes. […] Prostate cancer can result in spinal cord compression, causing tingling, leg weakness, pain, paralysis, and urinary and fecal incontinence. […] Metastatic prostate cancer can cause severe bone pain, often in the back (vertebrae), pelvis, hips, or ribs.

• #2 Managing symptoms in advanced prostate cancer | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/managing-symptoms-in-advanced-prostate-cancer/

  You might get urinary problems if the cancer is pressing on your urethra or has spread to areas around the prostate, such as the urethra and bladder. […] You might get bowel problems if your prostate cancer has spread to your bowel, although this isn’t very common. […] The most common place for prostate cancer to spread to is the bones. The cancer can damage bones, making them weaker. […] Dealing with advanced prostate cancer can have an impact on your sex life. […] If the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes it could lead to a condition called lymphoedema caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system. […] Some men with advanced prostate cancer develop a condition called anaemia. This is caused by a drop in the number of red blood cells, which means your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen around the body.

• #2 Symptoms of Advance Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/advanced-education/signs-advanced-prostate

  Cancer cells prevent your lymph nodes from draining fluid and working properly. […] When this happens, your lymph nodes swell. […] One of the most common areas for prostate cancer to spread is to the bones, often your hip and spine since these are closest to your prostate. […] Having cancer spread to your bones is painful and often requires treatment to manage the pain. […] Back pain can be a sign of both cancer spreading to your bones or the beginning of pressure on your spinal cord. […] If you have advanced cancer and begin to have trouble breathing, this could mean it has spread to your lungs. […] Losing weight without eating less or actively trying to lose weight is a general sign of advanced cancer. […] Loss of appetite or interest in eating is also a sign cancer has spread to other areas of your body, like your liver.

• #2 Managing symptoms in advanced prostate cancer | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/managing-symptoms-in-advanced-prostate-cancer/

  Men who have prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (advanced prostate cancer) might get some of the symptoms we describe on this page. The symptoms you have will depend on where the cancer has spread to and how quickly it is growing. You might only get a few symptoms and they might not affect you every day. But the cancer might spread further over time, causing symptoms that affect you more. […] Fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness that doesn’t go away, even after you rest. It is very common in men with advanced prostate cancer. […] Pain is a common problem for men with advanced prostate cancer, although some men have no pain at all. The cancer can cause pain in the areas it has spread to. If you do have pain, it can usually be relieved or reduced, with the right treatment and management.

• #2 Prostate Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/prostate-cancer-overview-7092736

  Additional symptoms can occur if prostate cancer metastasizes (spreads) to other body parts: Numbness and weakness in the limbs: Occurs when prostate cancer spreads to the spine and compresses the spinal cord […] Pain in the back, hips, or chest: Happens if the cancer spreads to the bones […] Swelling in the legs or feet: Occurs when prostate cancer spreads to the pelvic lymph nodes […] Unintentional weight loss: Results from cancer cells burning more of the body’s energy. […] Prostate cancer is often detected before it causes symptoms through routine screening tests. […] Prostate cancer is staged based on where the cancer is located, the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far in the body it has spread. […] There are four stages, and each stage is further divided into substages. The main stages include: Stage 1: Cancer is confined to one-half of one side of the prostate and is low-risk (slow-growing) […] Stage 2: Cancer is confined to the prostate, and the tumor is small but is at risk of growing and spreading […] Stage 3: Cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland into nearby tissues or organs (e.g., bladder, rectum, pelvic lymph nodes) […] Stage 4: Cancer is advanced and has spread beyond the prostate to other, more distant areas of the body.

• #2 Prostate cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087

  Signs and symptoms of advanced prostate cancer can include: Accidental leaking of urine. Back pain. Bone pain. Difficulty getting an erection, called erectile dysfunction. Feeling very tired. Losing weight without trying. Weakness in the arms or legs. […] Prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones or other organs. When prostate cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic prostate cancer.

• #2 Is back pain a symptom of prostate cancer? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/202310/back-pain-symptom-prostate-cancer

  Back pain could be a symptom of advanced prostate cancer, however. […] As the cancer progresses, back or bone pain can be a symptom, which is typically a sign of more advanced disease that may have spread to your bones. […] If the symptoms of back pain appear suddenly and without explanation or fail to improve with time, you should be evaluated by your doctor, Dr. Webster says. […] Advanced prostate cancer can have several other symptoms in addition to bone pain, such as changes in how you are urinating or having bowel movements (more urgency, frequency, inability to defecate). […] Blood in the urine, called hematuria, or blood in the semen, called hematospermia, may also be a sign of advanced prostate cancer, Dr. Webster says. […] Bone fractures may also result from the spread of prostate cancer to the bone. […] If you have changes in your urinary or bowel habits, blood in the urine or semen, bone pain or sudden changes in your ability to have erections you should discuss with your doctor.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Symptoms: Recognizing and Responding to Early and Advanced Signs | ZERO Prostate Cancer

  https://zerocancer.org/about-prostate-cancer/symptoms

  The prostate is a male organ, located where the urinary and reproductive systems meet, and it grows in size as men grow older. […] When prostate cancer spreads to Stage III, it has moved to the tissue and bones nearby your prostate (hips, pelvis, lower spine, and ribs). In more advanced Stage IV prostate cancer, it has spread throughout your body. As a result, advanced prostate cancer symptoms tend to show in these systems of your body: Sudden, unexpected weight loss, Nagging pain in the back, hips, genitals, or pelvis, Bone pain, especially in multiple areas around the prostate (spine, ribs, and pelvis), Pain in lymph nodes throughout the body, Shortness of breath, fast heartbeat, fatigue, and dizziness, Pale skin caused by anemia, Blood in the urine and semen. […] Recognizing the symptoms of prostate cancer, both in its early and advanced stages, is crucial for early detection and timely intervention.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Symptoms and the Importance of Early Detection

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-symptoms/

  Prostate cancer symptoms usually do not present during the early stages of the disease. […] Prostate cancer symptoms that may present with advanced forms of the disease include: A need to urinate often, especially at night, Weak or interrupted urine flow, Trouble starting to urinate, Trouble emptying the bladder, Being unable to urinate, Accidental urination, A painful or burning feeling when urinating, Blood in the urine or semen, Pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, ribs, or upper thighs, Erectile dysfunction, Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet. […] Prostate cancer that has spread (metastasized) may cause additional symptoms specific to the organ that it has spread to, which is usually first the bones. Bone symptoms may include: Pain, Fractures, Spinal cord compression, High blood calcium levels, which can be dangerous or even life-threatening.

• #2 What to expect | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/dying-from-prostate-cancer/what-to-expect/

  Advanced prostate cancer problems may include: extreme tiredness (fatigue), pain, urinary problems, bowel problems, broken bones (fractures), sexual problems, build up of fluid (lymphoedema), low red blood cell levels (anaemia), metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), high calcium levels (hypercalcaemia) symptoms can include tiredness, feeling and being sick (nausea and vomiting) and difficulty emptying your bowels (constipation), eating problems and weight loss. […] Some men find that they get more of these problems in their last months and weeks. Others find that existing problems get worse. There are treatments to help manage these problems and things that can help. […] It’s important to be aware of the symptoms of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). This is a very serious medical condition that affects some men with advanced prostate cancer. If you have any symptoms of MSCC, its important to get medical advice straight away.

• #2 Managing symptoms in advanced prostate cancer | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/managing-symptoms-in-advanced-prostate-cancer/

  Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) happens when cancer cells that have spread from the prostate grow in or near to the spine, and press on the spinal cord. […] Hypercalcaemia is a high level of calcium in your blood. Calcium is usually stored in the bones, but the cancer can cause calcium to leak into the blood. […] Some men with advanced prostate cancer have problems eating, or don’t feel very hungry. You might feel or be sick. These problems may be caused by your cancer or by your treatments.

• #2 What to expect | Prostate Cancer UK

  https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/advanced-prostate-cancer/dying-from-prostate-cancer/what-to-expect/

  Many people worry about being in pain when they are dying. Some people do get pain if their prostate cancer presses on their nerves or makes their bones weak. But not everyone dying from prostate cancer has pain. And if you are in pain, there are things that can help to reduce and manage pain. […] Your doctor can give you medicines to help manage pain. The type of medicines they give you will depend on what is causing the pain and which medicines are suitable. […] Most people will sleep for long periods of time when they are dying. Some people may feel drowsy when theyre awake and others may become completely unconscious. […] Some men feel restless or agitated. These feelings can be caused by many things. They might be caused by worries about what is happening, or your surroundings. They can also be caused by physical problems such as difficulty emptying your bowels (constipation) or problems urinating. […] Some men have fewer bowel movements and urinate less because they are eating and drinking less. Pain-relieving medicines can also cause constipation. […] Some men get nausea (feeling sick) or vomiting (being sick). This might be because of treatments, medicines or changes in your body.

• #2 Prostate cancer | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/prostate-cancer

  Prostate cancer, disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells within the prostate gland, a walnut-sized organ surrounding the urethra just below the bladder in males. Prostate cancer is a frequently diagnosed cancer among males, particularly among those who are older (the disease is rare in men below the age of 4045) and who live in well-developed regions of the world. […] When the prostate gland becomes cancerous, it can put pressure on the urethra, causing frequent or painful urination, sometimes with a burning sensation. Such pressure can also cause difficulty in urinating, a weak and intermittent urine flow, or blood in the urine. The cancerous growth may also put pressure on the nerves required for erection, causing impotence or sexual dysfunction. Other symptoms of prostate cancer include swollen lymph nodes in the groin and pain in the pelvis, hips, back, or ribs.

• #2 Symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/metastatic-cancer/symptoms

  You might have any of the following symptoms if your cancer has spread to the liver: discomfort or pain on the right side of your tummy (abdomen), feeling sick, poor appetite and weight loss, a swollen tummy (called ascites), yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin. […] You may have any of these symptoms if cancer has spread to your lungs: a cough that doesn’t go away, breathlessness, coughing up blood, a build up of fluid between the chest wall and the lung (a pleural effusion). […] Large tumours in the prostate can press on the urethra and spread to the bladder. You might find that you: pass urine more often, get up in the night to pass urine, have difficulty passing urine, have a strong urge to empty your bladder, have blood in your urine or semen. […] Prostate cancer can spread to the bowel, but it is rare. You might have: constipation, pain in your tummy, blood in your poo or from your back passage. […] When prostate cancer is advanced, it can no longer be cured. But treatment can control it for some time and help to relieve symptoms.

• #2 Early Prostate Cancer Symptoms to Watch For | BASS Cancer Center

  https://www.basscancercenter.com/cancer-blog/the-silent-progression-early-prostate-cancer-symptoms

  Hematuria (blood in urine) or hematospermia (blood in semen) is a potential warning sign that should not be ignored. While often caused by infections or other benign conditions, it may also point to a malignancy in the prostate. […] Although erectile dysfunction (ED) has many possible causes, difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection can sometimes be linked to prostate cancer, especially if it develops suddenly or alongside other symptoms. […] Pain in the pelvic region, lower back, hips, or upper thighs may occur if the cancer begins to affect surrounding tissues. This discomfort may be dull or persistent and is more common in advanced stages. […] Though rare, some individuals may experience gastrointestinal changes such as constipation or diarrhea, particularly if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Symptoms, Tests and Treatments | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/prostate-cancer-symptoms-tests-and-treatments

  Prostate cancer is frequently a very slow-growing disease, often causing no symptoms until it is in an advanced stage. At that point, symptoms may include difficulty starting urination, weak or interrupted flow of urine, and frequent urination, especially at night. Other symptoms of advanced prostate cancer may include back or other bone pain, weakness, and unintended weight loss. […] Most patients with prostate cancer die of other causes, and many never know they have the disease. But once prostate cancer begins to grow quickly or spreads outside the prostate, it is dangerous.

• #2 Prostate Cancer – Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment Options

  https://www.advancedurologyinstitute.com/symptoms-types-prostate-cancer/

  The tumor stage describes how the cancer was detected and the extent of the cancer in your body. Your doctor will tell you if the cancer is: Stage I or II: Limited to the prostate (early localized), Stage III (locally advanced): Detected in organs next to the prostate, extending into the seminal vesicles, sphincter, bladder, rectum, or wall of the pelvis, Stage IV (advanced metastatic): Spread beyond the prostate into the lymph nodes or other organs including bones.

• #2

  https://www.southnassau.org/sn/symptoms

  Prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms for many years. And some symptoms are similar to those caused by other health conditions. When symptoms do occur, they may include urinary problems such as: Not being able to urinate […] Having a hard time starting or stopping the urine flow […] Needing to urinate often, especially at night […] Weak flow of urine […] Urine flow that starts and stops […] Pain or burning during urination. Other symptoms may include: Difficulty having an erection […] Blood in the urine or semen […] Frequent pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs. Most often, these are symptoms of noncancerous conditions. But its important to check with a physician. Prostate cancer is described by both grade and stage: Grade describes how closely the tumor resembles normal prostate tissue. One way of grading prostate cancer, called the Gleason system, uses scores of 2 to 10. The higher the score, the higher the grade of the tumor. Higher-grade tumors generally grow more quickly and are more likely to spread. Stage refers to the extent of the cancer. Early prostate cancer (stages I and II) is localized, which means it has not spread outside the gland. Stage III prostate cancer, often called locally advanced disease, extends outside the gland. Stage IV means the cancer has spread beyond the gland to lymph nodes and/or to other tissues or organs.

• #2 Prostate Cancer Symptoms: Stage 1, 2, 3 & 4 Explained | Nanavati Max Hospital

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/prostate-cancer-symptoms-stages

  For Stage 3, the cancer has begun to spread outside the prostate into nearby tissues. This stage presents more severe symptoms such as: Blood in the urine, Painful urination, Pelvic discomfort. […] At Stage 4, the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The symptoms become severe and may include: Bone pain in hips, spine or ribs, Fatigue and weakness, Unexplained weight loss. […] If you notice any of these prostate cancer symptoms, please consult your family doctor immediately. Early detection can significantly improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment and prognosis. […] As prostate cancer stages progress, symptoms typically become more pronounced. In advanced stages, individuals may experience pain in the lower back, hips or thighs, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

• #2 Prostate cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

  Typically none. Sometimes trouble urinating, erectile dysfunction, or pain in the back/pelvis. […] Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. As the cancer advances, it may cause erectile dysfunction, blood in the urine or semen, or trouble urinating commonly including frequent urination and slow or weak urine stream. […] Advanced prostate tumors can metastasize to nearby lymph nodes and bones, particularly in the pelvis, hips, spine, ribs, head, and neck. There they can cause fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and back or bone pain that does not improve with rest. […] Prostate cancer prognosis depends on how far the cancer has spread at diagnosis. Most men diagnosed have low-risk tumors confined to the prostate; 99% of them survive more than 10 years from their diagnoses. Tumors that have metastasized to distant body sites are most dangerous, with five-year survival rates of 30-40%.

• #2 What to Know About Prostate Cancer

  https://www.ncoa.org/article/prostate-cancer-early-signs-symptoms-and-what-to-do-when-diagnosed/

  When detected and treated early, prostate cancer treatment, which typically involves surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, or a combination, is highly effective. For localized or regional prostate cancers (before the cancer has spread to other parts of the body), the five-year survival rate is nearly 100%. Early detection of prostate cancer followed by prompt treatment saves lives, so talk to your health care provider about screening.

• #2 Metastatic Stage 4 Prostate Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/types/metastatic-prostate-cancer

  In metastatic prostate cancer, the patient may notice different symptoms than those generally associated with other stages of the disease. Some of the most frequently occurring stage 4 prostate cancer symptoms include: […] Not everyone with metastatic prostate cancer will experience each of these symptoms, but patients should speak with their care teams if they notice any such changes. […] The prognosis for stage 4 prostate cancer varies for each patient, as each person’s medical circumstances are unique. […] For patients with metastatic prostate cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year relative survival rate is 34.1 percent, according to SEER data.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/signs-you-are-dying-of-prostate-cancer

  You may have experienced pain as a symptom of advanced prostate cancer. People often experience pain in the groin, hips, or back. This can be due to the tumor pressing on a nerve or cancer that has spread to your bones, according to Prostate Cancer UK. […] You’re more likely to feel excessive tiredness when you’re nearing the end of life with advanced prostate cancer. This may mean sleeping for long periods, feeling drowsy when awake, and even drifting in and out of consciousness. […] Your body’s metabolism slows down in your final weeks of life. This reduces its need for sustenance, causing many people not to feel the need to eat or drink. […] You may have trouble recognizing the people around you or understanding your surroundings. You might answer questions very slowly or stop responding to others entirely. This may be due to drowsiness or the medications you’re taking.

• #3 Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html

  Prostate cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include: […] Problems urinating (peeing), such as: […] Pain in your lower back, hips, or pelvis that does not go away […] Painful ejaculation (the release of semen through the penis during orgasm). […] But many of these symptoms may be from other common prostate problems that aren’t cancer, such as an enlarged prostate. […] You should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:

• #3 Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Prostate Cancer

  https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer/signs-you-are-dying-of-prostate-cancer

  Many people experience end stage restlessness, which can present as feeling agitated, anxious, or distressed. You may even experience delirium or hallucinations. […] Changes in metabolism combined with reduced food and drink intake mean you may experience changes in your waste functions. […] You’re more likely to experience shortness of breath in your final days and weeks. This could be due to the cancer, loss of muscle strength, or your body needing less oxygen. […] Fluid may build up in the back of the throat because you are too weak to clear it. This can cause a distinctive gurgling sound known as a death rattle. […] Not everyone with advanced prostate cancer experiences pain near the end of their life. You may feel bone pain if prostate cancer has spread to your bones. […] If your prostate cancer is getting worse, you may experience new or more severe symptoms, including fatigue, problems urinating, restlessness, and pain. […] The last stage of prostate cancer may be called stage 4, metastatic, or advanced prostate cancer. During this stage, the cancer has spread from the prostate to other organs in the body or lymph nodes.

• #3 Prostate Cancer Symptoms | Prostate Cancer Foundation

  https://www.pcf.org/prostate-cancer-symptoms/

  If youve recently been diagnosed with prostate cancer, you may be asking yourself if there were symptoms you should have noticed earlier. Unfortunately, early warning signs for prostate cancer are rare. The growing tumor usually does not push against anything to cause pain, so the disease may be silent for many years. […] However, in rare cases, typically when the disease has spread outside the prostate, prostate cancer can cause symptoms that include: A need to urinate frequently, especially at night, sometimes urgently […] Difficulty starting or holding back urination […] Weak, dribbling, or interrupted flow of urine […] Painful or burning urination […] A decrease in the amount of fluid ejaculated […] Painful ejaculation […] Blood in the urine or semen […] Pressure or pain in the rectum […] Pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, pelvis, or thighs.

Zobacz więcej