Rak prącia – Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Rak prącia
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Rak prącia, najczęściej będący rakiem płaskonabłonkowym (SCC), dotyka głównie mężczyzn po 60. roku życia i stanowi mniej niż 1% nowotworów u mężczyzn w krajach rozwiniętych. Wczesne wykrycie jest kluczowe, gdyż 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi około 80% w przypadku nowotworu ograniczonego do pierwotnego miejsca, natomiast w przypadku przerzutów spada do 9%. Leczenie wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego w wyspecjalizowanych ośrodkach, obejmującego urologa, onkologa klinicznego, pielęgniarkę specjalistyczną, patologa, specjalistę radioterapii oraz pracownika socjalnego. Centralizacja opieki, zgodnie z wytycznymi EAU-ASCO 2023, poprawia wyniki leczenia poprzez standaryzację i dostęp do badań klinicznych. Chirurgia, w tym częściowa lub całkowita penektomia, pozostaje podstawową metodą leczenia, a pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece przed-, w trakcie i pooperacyjnej, w tym w monitorowaniu ran, kontroli bólu oraz edukacji pacjenta.

Wprowadzenie do raka prącia

Rak prącia (po polsku: Rak prącia) to rzadki nowotwór złośliwy, który rozwija się najczęściej w obrębie żołędzi, napletka lub trzonu prącia. Jest to choroba, która występuje głównie u mężczyzn po 60. roku życia, choć może dotknąć również młodszych pacjentów. Rak prącia stanowi mniej niż 1% wszystkich nowotworów u mężczyzn w krajach rozwiniętych, jednak w niektórych regionach świata rozwijających się wskaźnik ten może sięgać nawet 10-20% nowotworów złośliwych u mężczyzn.¹²

Większość przypadków raka prącia to raki płaskonabłonkowe (squamous cell carcinoma – SCC), które wywodzą się z komórek nabłonka pokrywającego napletek lub trzon prącia. Nowotwór ten najczęściej rozpoczyna się jako niewielka zmiana, która stopniowo powiększa się i może obejmować całe prącie. Zmiana może być płaska i powodować owrzodzenie lub rozrastać się na zewnątrz, przypominając kalafiora czy brokuły.³⁴

Wczesne wykrycie raka prącia ma kluczowe znaczenie dla pomyślnego leczenia. Gdy nowotwór jest zdiagnozowany we wczesnym stadium, szanse na wyleczenie są wysokie, z 5-letnim wskaźnikiem przeżycia sięgającym 80% dla pacjentów z nowotworem, który nie rozprzestrzenił się poza pierwotne miejsce. Jednak gdy dochodzi do przerzutów do odległych części ciała, wskaźnik ten spada do zaledwie 9%.⁵⁶

Opieka pielęgnacyjna w raku prącia

Opieka pielęgnacyjna stanowi istotny element kompleksowego podejścia do leczenia pacjentów z rakiem prącia. Pomaga mężczyznom sprostać fizycznym, praktycznym, emocjonalnym i duchowym wyzwaniom związanym z tą chorobą. Jest to niezwykle ważna część opieki onkologicznej, mająca na celu poprawę jakości życia pacjentów i ich bliskich, szczególnie po zakończeniu leczenia.⁷⁸

Pielęgniarki onkologiczne odgrywają kluczową rolę w zapewnianiu opieki wspierającej pacjentom z zaawansowanym rakiem prącia wymagającym usług paliatywnych. Mogą one poprawiać jakość życia pacjentów poprzez położenie nacisku na leczenie całej osoby, a nie tylko choroby. Do ich zadań należy przeprowadzanie badań przesiewowych w kierunku stresu i obciążenia objawami, co stanowi kluczowy element opieki nad pacjentem z rakiem płaskonabłonkowym prącia.⁹

Wielodyscyplinarne podejście

Leczenie raka prącia wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, najlepiej w wysokospecjalistycznych ośrodkach o dużym doświadczeniu. Takie podejście jest niezbędne dla opracowania optymalnego planu leczenia, pomaga standaryzować opiekę i ułatwia rekrutację do badań klinicznych.¹⁰

W skład zespołu wielodyscyplinarnego (multidisciplinary team, MDT) zajmującego się rakiem prącia zazwyczaj wchodzą:¹¹

Urolog – lekarz specjalizujący się w leczeniu problemów urologicznych i genitalnych
Onkolog kliniczny – lekarz stosujący radioterapię, chemioterapię i inne leki przeciwnowotworowe
Pielęgniarka specjalistyczna – zapewniająca informacje o nowotworze i wsparcie podczas leczenia
Patolog – specjalista analizujący próbki tkanek
Specjalista radioterapii – zajmujący się planowaniem i nadzorem nad radioterapią
Pracownik socjalny – pomagający w rozwiązywaniu problemów praktycznych związanych z chorobą

¹²

Centralizacja opieki dla pacjentów z rakiem prącia została podkreślona w zaktualizowanych wytycznych EAU-ASCO z 2023 roku. Konsolidacja wiedzy eksperckiej poprawia opiekę nad pacjentem, zajmując się złożonościami raka prącia od diagnozy do leczenia. Inicjatywy centralizacyjne, takie jak Europejskie Sieci Referencyjne, oraz dedykowane towarzystwa naukowe odgrywają kluczową rolę w kierowaniu scentralizowanymi ścieżkami opieki w celu ostatecznej poprawy wyników leczenia pacjentów.¹³

Opieka przed, podczas i po leczeniu

Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę na każdym etapie leczenia raka prącia. Przed operacją, pielęgniarki pomagają pacjentowi w przygotowaniu się do zabiegu, wyjaśniają procedury i udzielają wsparcia emocjonalnego. Podczas hospitalizacji, to one zmieniają opatrunki, dbają o czystość ran i pomagają pacjentowi w poruszaniu się jak najszybciej po zabiegu.¹⁴

Po operacji, pielęgniarki:¹⁵

Monitorują stan pacjenta w pokoju pooperacyjnym
Zmieniają opatrunki i czyszczą rany podczas pobytu w szpitalu
Udzielają informacji o tym, jak dbać o ranę po powrocie do domu
Usuwają dreny z rany gdy przestają one odprowadzać wydzielinę (zwykle 7-14 dni po operacji)
Pomagają w kontroli bólu, dostosowując rodzaj i dawkę leków przeciwbólowych
Wspierają pacjenta w jak najwcześniejszym poruszaniu się, współpracując z fizjoterapeutami
Przekazują informacje o lekach, ich dawkowaniu i potencjalnych skutkach ubocznych
Udzielają informacji o wizytach kontrolnych

W okresie po zakończeniu leczenia, pielęgniarki onkologiczne odgrywają kluczową rolę w monitorowaniu pacjenta pod kątem nawrotu choroby oraz w zapewnianiu opieki wspierającej. Regularne badania kontrolne obejmują badania fizykalne i mogą obejmować badania krwi lub obrazowanie. Pielęgniarki pomagają pacjentowi zrozumieć znaczenie regularnych badań kontrolnych w celu wczesnego wykrycia ewentualnego nawrotu choroby.¹⁶¹⁷

Wsparcie psychologiczne i fizyczne

Diagnoza raka prącia ma znaczący wpływ psychologiczny na pacjenta. Może prowadzić do uczucia zażenowania, niepokoju i obaw o przyszłość. Mężczyźni z rakiem prącia często martwią się o to, jak zmiany fizyczne w ich ciele wpłyną na ich obraz siebie, jak będą radzić sobie z codziennymi czynnościami, takimi jak oddawanie moczu, oraz jak wpłynie to na ich intymne relacje i życie seksualne.¹⁸

Wsparcie emocjonalne

Rozmowa o uczuciach może pomóc niektórym mężczyznom poradzić sobie ze zmianami w ich ciele. Jeśli pacjent jest w związku, ważne jest, aby rozmawiał ze swoim partnerem o swoich uczuciach i obawach. Wsparcie ze strony innych mężczyzn, którzy również doświadczyli raka prącia, oraz profesjonalnych doradców może być pomocne. Rekonstrukcja z implantem prącia lub protezą prącia może również pomóc w radzeniu sobie ze zmianami w obrazie ciała i samoocenie.¹⁹

Stres psychologiczny doświadczany przez pacjentów z rakiem prącia wynika nie tylko z samej diagnozy nowotworu, ale także z konsekwencji leczenia, w tym utraty integralności cielesnej i funkcji seksualnych. Należy jednak podkreślić, że stres ten, związany z chorobą i jej leczeniem, jest unikalny i nie spełnia kryteriów zaburzenia psychicznego. Powinien być rozpoznawany, ale nie patologizowany.²⁰²¹

Wsparcie w zakresie funkcji seksualnych

Wielu mężczyzn ma silne, wspierające relacje i satysfakcjonujące życie seksualne po raku prącia. Jeśli problemy seksualne występują z powodu leczenia raka prącia, istnieją sposoby radzenia sobie z nimi.²²

Wpływ leczenia na funkcje seksualne zależy od stadium i rodzaju leczenia:²³²⁴

W przypadku wczesnego stadium raka prącia, leczenie może nie mieć dużego wpływu na życie seksualne pacjenta
Jeśli część prącia zostanie usunięta (częściowa penektomia), nadal możliwe jest osiągnięcie erekcji i często pozostaje wystarczająca część prącia do penetracji podczas stosunku płciowego
Jeśli cały penis zostanie usunięty (całkowita penektomia), pacjent nie będzie mógł osiągnąć erekcji ani penetracji podczas stosunku

Według danych obserwacyjnych, ablacja laserowa ma zazwyczaj minimalny wpływ na funkcje seksualne, z badaniami wskazującymi, że między 0% a 22% pacjentów doświadcza zmian w funkcji erekcji po leczeniu. Z kolei małe badanie z Wielkiej Brytanii wykazało, że resurfacing żołędzi wiązał się z wysokim zadowoleniem seksualnym pacjentów, przy czym duża część nawet zgłaszała poprawę życia seksualnego po leczeniu.²⁵

Glansektomia, z drugiej strony, ma tendencję do wywierania bardziej znaczącego wpływu na funkcje seksualne w porównaniu z innymi technikami oszczędzającymi narząd. Co zachęcające, glansektomia z rekonstrukcją neoglans wydaje się lepiej zachowywać orgazm, funkcję ejakulacyjną i zdolność do podejmowania penetracyjnego seksu.²⁶

Doradcy lub specjaliści ds. zdrowia, którzy specjalizują się w problemach seksualnych, mogą dostarczyć informacji i wsparcia. Pacjent może skorzystać z poradnictwa seksualnego samodzielnie, z partnerem lub w grupie.²⁷

Wsparcie w zakresie funkcji fizycznych

Niektóre rodzaje leczenia raka prącia mogą powodować zmiany w oddawaniu moczu. Pielęgniarki onkologiczne pomagają pacjentom dostosować się do tych zmian i zarządzać nimi.²⁸

Obrzęk limfatyczny (lymphedema) może wystąpić w nogach mężczyzny, jeśli ma on usunięte węzły chłonne z pachwiny lub miednicy podczas operacji raka prącia. Pielęgniarki onkologiczne mogą udzielić porad dotyczących zarządzania obrzękiem limfatycznym i skierować pacjenta do specjalistów, jeśli jest to konieczne.²⁹³⁰

Niektóre leczenia raka prącia mogą powodować problemy z płodnością, co może wpłynąć na zdolność mężczyzny do poczęcia dzieci. W zależności od etapu życia, jeśli pacjent chce mieć dzieci w przyszłości, może otrzymać propozycję przechowywania lub bankowania nasienia przed leczeniem.³¹³²

Opieka nad pacjentem po zabiegu chirurgicznym

Chirurgia jest najczęstszym leczeniem raka prącia. W zależności od wielkości guza, jego lokalizacji i stopnia zaawansowania, zabieg może obejmować usunięcie samego guza, części lub całego prącia (penektomia).³³³⁴

Opieka nad raną po zabiegu

Po operacji, pacjent budzi się w sali pooperacyjnej, gdzie pielęgniarki monitorują jego stan. W trakcie pobytu w szpitalu, pielęgniarki zmieniają opatrunki i czyszczą rany. Przed wypisem do domu, pielęgniarka przekazuje pacjentowi informacje o tym, jak dbać o ranę.³⁵

Dreny z rany są usuwane przez pielęgniarkę, gdy przestają odprowadzać wydzielinę, co zwykle następuje około 7-14 dni po operacji. Pielęgniarka informuje również pacjenta o terminie wizyty kontrolnej w przychodni przed wypisem do domu.³⁶

Powikłania po zabiegu

Niewiele powikłań chirurgicznych jest związanych z wycięciem guza pierwotnego lub częściową lub całkowitą penektomią. Mogą obejmować zakażenie, obrzęk lub zwężenie cewki moczowej, jeśli musi zostać utworzony nowy otwór cewki moczowej.³⁷

Powikłania związane z dyssekcją węzłów pachwinowych są częstsze i zwykle związane z bardziej rozległymi wycięciami. Wczesne powikłania obejmują zakażenie rany, seroma, martwicę płata skórnego, zapalenie żył i zator płucny. Późne powikłania obejmują obrzęk limfatyczny moszny i kończyn dolnych.³⁸

Powszechne skutki uboczne operacji obejmują zaburzenia erekcji, ból, dyskomfort, zmieniony wygląd, krwawienie, problemy z oddawaniem moczu, obrzęk, swędzenie i obrzęk limfatyczny, jeśli zostały usunięte węzły chłonne.³⁹

Kontrola bólu

Pacjent powinien informować lekarza lub pielęgniarkę o odczuwanym bólu tak szybko, jak to możliwe. Potrzebują oni pomocy pacjenta, aby znaleźć odpowiedni rodzaj i dawkę leku przeciwbólowego. Pielęgniarka informuje pacjenta o tym, jak często przyjmować leki, kiedy je przyjmować i jakie skutki uboczne mogą wystąpić.⁴⁰

Opieka paliatywna w zaawansowanym raku prącia

Jeśli u pacjenta zdiagnozowano zaawansowanego raka prącia, może być on trudny do leczenia i wyleczenie może nie być możliwe. Celem leczenia będzie wtedy spowolnienie wzrostu i rozprzestrzeniania się nowotworu, łagodzenie objawów i przedłużenie życia pacjenta.⁴¹

Rola zespołu opieki paliatywnej

Pacjent zostaje skierowany do zespołu lekarzy i pielęgniarek zwanych zespołem kontroli objawów lub zespołem opieki paliatywnej. Ich zadaniem jest pomoc w zarządzaniu objawami i zapewnienie komfortu pacjentowi. Zespół opieki paliatywnej może również pomóc pacjentowi i jego bliskim uzyskać wszelkie inne potrzebne wsparcie.⁴²

Specjalistyczne pielęgniarki opieki paliatywnej obejmują pielęgniarki Macmillan i pielęgniarki hospicyjne. Specjalizują się one w zarządzaniu objawami, takimi jak kontrola bólu, nudności i inne objawy nowotworowe. Zapewniają również wsparcie emocjonalne pacjentowi i jego opiekunom.⁴³

Pracownicy socjalni mogą pomóc w zapewnieniu wsparcia w sytuacji pacjenta w domu. Mogą zorganizować pomoc w zakupach lub pracach domowych, asystentów opieki domowej do pomocy w myciu i ubieraniu się, posiłki na kółkach oraz opiekę wytchnieniową. Pracownik socjalny może również pomóc w kwestiach finansowych, sprawdzając, czy pacjent otrzymuje wszystkie świadczenia, do których jest uprawniony, lub doradzając w sprawie dotacji charytatywnych na takie rzeczy jak dodatkowe koszty ogrzewania lub specjalne diety.⁴⁴

Opieka wspierająca

Opieka wspierająca pomaga pacjentom z rakiem prącia sprostać fizycznym, praktycznym, emocjonalnym i duchowym wyzwaniom związanym z ich chorobą. Celem opieki wspierającej jest poprawa jakości życia pacjentów i ich bliskich.⁴⁵

Istnieje wiele programów i usług dostępnych, aby pomóc w zaspokojeniu potrzeb i poprawie jakości życia mężczyzn żyjących z rakiem i ich bliskich, zwłaszcza po zakończeniu leczenia. Obejmują one wsparcie psychologiczne, poradnictwo seksualne, grupy wsparcia i wsparcie finansowe.⁴⁶

Osoby z rakiem potrzebują wsparcia i informacji, bez względu na to, na jakim etapie choroby się znajdują. Niezależnie od tego, czy pacjent rozważa leczenie, jest w trakcie leczenia, czy też nie jest w ogóle leczony, może otrzymać opiekę wspierającą, która pomoże mu radzić sobie z bólem lub innymi objawami.⁴⁷

Rehabilitacja i powrót do zdrowia

Powrót do zdrowia po raku prącia i dostosowanie się do życia po leczeniu jest różne dla każdego mężczyzny, w zależności od stadium nowotworu, rodzaju podanego leczenia i wielu innych czynników. Koniec leczenia onkologicznego może przynieść mieszane emocje. Nawet jeśli leczenie się zakończyło, mogą pojawić się inne problemy, takie jak radzenie sobie z długoterminowymi skutkami ubocznymi.⁴⁸

Rehabilitacja fizyczna

Pielęgniarki i fizjoterapeuci pomagają pacjentowi poruszać się jak najszybciej po operacji. Wczesna mobilizacja jest ważna dla zapobiegania powikłaniom, takim jak zakrzepica żył głębokich i zapalenie płuc.⁴⁹

Jeśli pacjent mieszka sam lub uważa, że będzie miał trudności z samodzielnym radzeniem sobie, powinien poinformować o tym pielęgniarki już podczas przyjęcia do szpitala. Mogą one pomóc w zorganizowaniu dodatkowego wsparcia po wypisie.⁵⁰

Rehabilitacja seksualna

Wpływ psychologiczny raka prącia nie jest znikomy, ponieważ postrzegana utrata męskości może niekorzystnie wpływać na zdrowie psychiczne i ogólne samopoczucie. Dlatego niezwykle ważne jest, aby oferować leczenie rehabilitacyjne, takie jak terapia seksualna, fizjoterapia, terapia zajęciowa, poradnictwo rodzinne i wsparcie rówieśnicze.⁵¹

Jakość życia może być zagrożona przez dysfunkcję seksualną, która może być wynikiem utraty tkanki prącia lub stanu psychicznego pacjenta. Niezaspokojone potrzeby pacjentów po leczeniu raka prącia obejmują komunikację między pacjentami a klinicystami, dostęp do informacji o systemie opieki zdrowotnej, wsparcie duchowe oraz relacje międzyludzkie i intymne, wśród innych aspektów.⁵²

Lekarz lub pielęgniarka wyjaśni możliwe skutki leczenia dla życia seksualnego pacjenta. Jeśli pacjent ma nowotwór we wczesnym stadium, leczenie prawdopodobnie nie wpłynie bezpośrednio na jego życie seksualne. Zwykle bezpieczne jest podejmowanie aktywności seksualnej, gdy leczony obszar całkowicie się zagoi i pacjent czuje się na to gotowy. Lekarz lub pielęgniarka może udzielić porady w tej kwestii.⁵³

Czasami operacja raka prącia może wpłynąć na życie seksualne pacjenta. Może to zależeć od rodzaju operacji, jaką przeszedł, oraz od tego, jak wpłynęła ona na jego fizyczny i emocjonalny dobrostan.⁵⁴

Zdrowy styl życia po leczeniu

Nawet jeśli pacjent już prowadzi zdrowy styl życia, może zdecydować się na wprowadzenie pewnych pozytywnych zmian w stylu życia po leczeniu. Wprowadzenie niewielkich zmian, takich jak zdrowe odżywianie i aktywność fizyczna, może poprawić jego zdrowie i samopoczucie oraz pomóc organizmowi w powrocie do zdrowia.⁵⁵

Pozostawanie aktywnym fizycznie, ograniczenie spożycia alkoholu i regularne badania przesiewowe mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko rozwoju innych typów raka i mogą również ułatwić powrót do zdrowia po leczeniu raka prącia.⁵⁶

Wsparcie dla pacjentów i ich rodzin

Rak prącia wpływa na wiele aspektów życia pacjenta i jego zdrowia. Personalizowany plan opieki powinien obejmować zaawansowane leczenie i usługi, w tym porady żywieniowe, rehabilitację fizyczną i zarządzanie bólem, aby zaspokoić wszystkie potrzeby pacjenta.⁵⁷

Wsparcie informacyjne

Pielęgniarki onkologiczne są doskonale przygotowane do zapewnienia opieki paliatywnej i poprawy jakości życia pacjentów poprzez nacisk na całościowe podejście do osoby. Ważne jest, aby omówić strukturę i cel tych usług na wczesnym etapie opieki.⁵⁸

Pacjenci z chorobą przerzutową lub zaawansowaną miejscowo powinni otrzymać skierowanie do specjalistycznej opieki paliatywnej. Pielęgniarki onkologiczne są optymalnie umiejscowione w zespole opieki onkologicznej, aby zarówno kierować, jak i promować poprawę jakości życia za pomocą podejścia skoncentrowanego na opiece paliatywnej.⁵⁹

Wsparcie praktyczne i finansowe

Pacjent może potrzebować opieki i wsparcia w domu z powodu raka prącia, jego leczenia lub gdy ma zaawansowanego raka prącia. Dostępne jest wiele praktycznego i emocjonalnego wsparcia.⁶⁰

Pielęgniarki specjalistyczne mogą pomóc, jeśli pacjent ma trudności z radzeniem sobie lub ma jakiekolwiek problemy. Mogą one uzyskać potrzebną pomoc dla pacjenta. Mogą również dostarczyć informacji.⁶¹

Pracownicy socjalni mogą pomóc w zapewnieniu wsparcia w sytuacji pacjenta w domu. Mogą zorganizować pomoce domowe do pomocy w zakupach lub pracach domowych, asystentów opieki domowej do pomocy w myciu i ubieraniu się, posiłki na kółkach oraz opiekę wytchnieniową.⁶²

Pracownik socjalny może również pomóc w kwestiach finansowych, sprawdzając, czy pacjent otrzymuje wszystkie świadczenia, do których jest uprawniony, lub doradzając w sprawie dotacji charytatywnych na takie rzeczy jak dodatkowe koszty ogrzewania lub specjalne diety.⁶³

Wsparcie rodzinne

Zmiany fizyczne i emocjonalne, których doświadcza pacjent, mogą wpływać na jego relacje i życie seksualne. Istnieją rzeczy, które można zrobić, aby to zarządzać.⁶⁴

Zindywidualizowane wsparcie, w tym terapia seksualna, grupy wsparcia i poradnictwo rodzinne, jest niezbędne dla rehabilitacji po leczeniu. Szybka diagnoza i kompleksowa opieka mają ogromne znaczenie w radzeniu sobie z wieloaspektowym wpływem raka prącia na pacjentów i ich rodziny.⁶⁵

Wyniki badań podkreślają znaczenie zachowania integralności zewnętrznych narządów płciowych w tożsamości seksualnej. Ponadto głosy pacjentów, wyrażane w ankietach i grupach wsparcia, podkreślają znaczenie uwzględnienia ich obaw w świadczeniu opieki.⁶⁶

Wnioski i rekomendacje

Opieka pielęgnacyjna odgrywa kluczową rolę w kompleksowym leczeniu raka prącia, pomagając pacjentom radzić sobie z fizycznymi, emocjonalnymi i społecznymi konsekwencjami choroby i jej leczenia. Wielodyscyplinarne podejście, z udziałem specjalistów z różnych dziedzin, w tym pielęgniarek onkologicznych, jest niezbędne dla zapewnienia optymalnej opieki.⁶⁷

Szczególnie ważne jest wsparcie psychologiczne i seksualne, biorąc pod uwagę wpływ raka prącia i jego leczenia na obraz ciała, samoocenę i funkcje seksualne pacjenta. Pielęgniarki onkologiczne są w doskonałej pozycji, aby zapewniać to wsparcie i kierować pacjentów do odpowiednich specjalistów, gdy jest to konieczne.⁶⁸

Dla pacjentów z zaawansowanym rakiem prącia, opieka paliatywna jest kluczowym elementem leczenia, mającym na celu łagodzenie objawów i poprawę jakości życia. Pielęgniarki onkologiczne odgrywają istotną rolę w zapewnianiu tej opieki i koordynowaniu różnych usług wspierających.⁶⁹

Biorąc pod uwagę rzadkość raka prącia, centralizacja opieki w wyspecjalizowanych ośrodkach może przynieść liczne korzyści, w tym poprawę świadomości choroby, wyższe wskaźniki operacji oszczędzających, lepszą wykrywalność, zwiększone wykorzystanie mniej inwazyjnych technik oceny węzłów chłonnych, poprawę jakości specjalistycznych badań histopatologicznych oraz utworzenie specjalistycznych wielodyscyplinarnych zespołów.⁷⁰

Edukacja zdrowotna ma również kluczowe znaczenie, aby zniechęcić pacjentów z rakiem prącia do późnego zgłaszania się do szpitala, gdy choroba jest w zaawansowanym stadium. Niezbędny jest wysoki poziom podejrzliwości w zarządzaniu przewlekłymi niegojącymi się owrzodzeniami prącia, które są oporne na terapię, a wszystkie podejrzane zmiany powinny być poddane biopsji.⁷¹

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

Materiały źródłowe

#1 Ten-year surgical experiences with penile cancer at a tertiary care hospital in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective study of 236 patients | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-015-0482-0
Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy in developed countries, but the incidence is as high as 10% to 20% of all male cancers in some developing countries. […] This study describes the clinicopathological presentation and treatment outcome of this condition in our environment, and highlights challenges associated with the care of these patients and proffers solutions for improved outcome. […] The majority of patients present late with advanced stage of the disease. Early detection of primary cancer at an early stage may improve the prognosis. […] The management of penile cancer in resource-limited countries like Tanzania poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges which need to be addressed. […] The outcome of treatment of penile cancer in most developing countries has been poor because the majority of these patients present late to the hospital with advanced stage.
#2
https://www.ncis.com.sg/cancer-information/cancer-types/penis-cancer-or-carcinoma-penile-cancer
Penile cancer is usually a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and they usually arise from the epithelium layer of the foreskin or the body of the penis. […] Penile cancer is rare in the developed world and are more common in less developed areas of the world. […] It is typically a disease of older men, with the mean age of diagnosis being 60 years. However, it can also be seen in men less than 40 years. […] Men who experience phimosis, when the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis, are associated with a 11 to 16-fold risk of penile cancer due to associated chronic infection. […] Men who experience lichen sclerosis, also known as chronic inflammatory skin disorder. […] Penile cancer is more common in areas of the world that have a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
#3 Penile Cancer
https://www.umassmed.edu/urology/clinical-conditions/cancer/penile-cancer/
Penile cancer usually begins as a small lesion and gradually enlarges to involve the entire penis. It may be flat and cause an ulcer. Alternatively, it may extend away from the penis with the appearance of cauliflower or broccoli. […] The goal of treatment is complete removal of the primary lesion with adequate margins. The standard of therapy for the primary lesion is either or partial or total penectomy (removal of the penis). Partial penectomy is currently the most standard treatment. […] Treatment of penile cancer must be individualized to each patient. Surgeons in the UMass Department of Urology are trained in the most up-to-date and technologically-advanced methods of treating penile cancers. At your appointment, your surgeon will be glad to discuss all treatment options with you. The mainstay treatment is removal of all or part of the penis.
#4
https://www.ncis.com.sg/cancer-information/cancer-types/penis-cancer-or-carcinoma-penile-cancer
Penile cancer is usually a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and they usually arise from the epithelium layer of the foreskin or the body of the penis. […] Penile cancer is rare in the developed world and are more common in less developed areas of the world. […] It is typically a disease of older men, with the mean age of diagnosis being 60 years. However, it can also be seen in men less than 40 years. […] Men who experience phimosis, when the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis, are associated with a 11 to 16-fold risk of penile cancer due to associated chronic infection. […] Men who experience lichen sclerosis, also known as chronic inflammatory skin disorder. […] Penile cancer is more common in areas of the world that have a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
#5 Penile cancer | UK Healthcare
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/markey-cancer-center/cancer-types/penile
A great way to catch penile cancer early is to check your penis for lesions or unusual bumps when you urinate or wash your penis. […] According to the American Cancer Society, there is an 80 percent five-year relative survival rate among penile cancer patients where the cancer had not spread. […] If the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, there is only a 9 percent five-year survival rate. […] Staying physically active, limiting alcohol consumption and getting regular screenings can limit your risk of developing other types of cancer and may also make it easier for you to recover from penile cancer treatment. […] Clinical trials are research studies aimed at evaluating medical, surgical or behavioral interventions to determine if a new treatment is safe and effective. […] As a patient at Markey, you have a team of people looking at your individual case, applying the most recent cancer knowledge to give you the best chance of survival.
#6 Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6181-penile-cancer
Penile cancer happens when healthy cells in your penis change and grow out of control. […] Treatment in the early stages can keep the cancer from growing. […] Like many cancers, penile cancer is most treatable when diagnosed early. In many cases, its curable. If you notice something doesnt seem quite right, tell a healthcare provider right away. Early detection is key. […] Treatment depends on the size of the tumor, whether its spread and how likely it is that the cancer will return (recur). Treatment may involve a care team that includes your primary care physician (PCP), a cancer specialist (oncologist), a urinary tract specialist (urologist), a radiation specialist (radiation oncologist) and a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] For early-stage cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend one or more of the following treatments: Circumcision, Cryotherapy, Excision, Laser ablation, Medicated creams, Mohs surgery, Radiation therapy.
#7 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended. […] Recovering from penile cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each man, depending on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatments given and many other factors. The end of cancer treatment may bring mixed emotions. Even though treatment has ended, there may be other issues to deal with, such as coping with long-term side effects. A man who has been treated for penile cancer may have the following concerns. […] Talking about feelings may help some men cope with their changed body. If you are in a relationship, talk to your partner about your feelings and concerns. Support from other men who’ve had penile cancer and professional counsellors can help. Reconstruction with a penile implant or a penile prosthesis may also help you cope with changes to body image and self-esteem.
#8 Penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended.
#9 Role of Oncology Nurses in Palliative Care for Advanced Penile Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/penile-cancer-oncology-nurses-palliative-care-treatment-role-risk/
Oncology nurses are positioned to provide supportive care to patients with advanced penile cancer requiring palliative services, according to a recent report published in Seminars in Oncology Nursing. […] The researchers found that for all phases of penile cancer and during treatment, oncology nurses can play a role in providing palliative care and improving patient quality of life by placing an emphasis on the whole person. […] Oncology nurses can aid in screening for distress and symptom burden as key steps in providing pSCC care. […] The choice of palliative care should be based on what is necessary or appropriate for the patient, and oncology nurses should discuss the structure and goal of these services early in care. […] Patients with metastatic or regionally advanced disease should receive referrals to specialty palliative care, they noted. […] Oncology nurses are optimally positioned within the cancer care team to both direct and advocate for improving quality of life with a palliative-care-centered approach, the researchers concluded in their report.
#10
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-020-00135-z
Penile cancer is a rare condition, which mostly affects men in their sixth decade of life. […] Timely multidisciplinary care at experienced centers is therefore critical for improving outcomes. […] A multidisciplinary approach, preferably in high-volume specialized centers, is therefore imperative for developing an optimal management plan, helping to standardize care and facilitating recruitment to clinical trials. […] A multimodal approach, involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is imperative for optimizing patient outcomes. […] Treatment options for loco-regional disease includes surgical resection and organ-sparing strategies, while for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, systemic therapy is the cornerstone. […] Treatment of the primary tumor should include consideration for organ-sparing modalities.
#11 Penile cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/penile-cancer
After the biopsy you may have 1 or 2 stitches. You may have a dressing applied to the area to keep it clean. The stitches usually dissolve on their own. […] When you are diagnosed, you should be referred to a team of healthcare professionals at a hospital or centre that specialises in treating penile cancer. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] The MDT team for penile cancer will usually include the following professionals: Urologist a doctor who specialises in treating urinary and genital problems, Clinical oncologist a doctor who uses radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other anti-cancer drugs to treat people with cancer, Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) a nurse who gives information about cancer, and support during treatment. […] After your treatment, you will have regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon or cancer specialist. They will examine you and you may have blood tests or scans.
#12 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, and respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets.
#13 The case for centralization of care in penile cancer â respecting geographical needs | Nature Reviews Urology
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41585-024-00879-7
Centralization of care for penile cancer has been underscored in the 2023 updated EAUASCO guidelines. Expertise consolidation enhances patient care, addressing penile cancer complexities from diagnosis to treatment. Centralization initiatives, like the European Reference Networks, and dedicated scientific societies have crucial roles in guiding centralized care pathways to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
#14 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#15 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#16 Penile cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/penile-cancer
After the biopsy you may have 1 or 2 stitches. You may have a dressing applied to the area to keep it clean. The stitches usually dissolve on their own. […] When you are diagnosed, you should be referred to a team of healthcare professionals at a hospital or centre that specialises in treating penile cancer. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] The MDT team for penile cancer will usually include the following professionals: Urologist a doctor who specialises in treating urinary and genital problems, Clinical oncologist a doctor who uses radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other anti-cancer drugs to treat people with cancer, Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) a nurse who gives information about cancer, and support during treatment. […] After your treatment, you will have regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon or cancer specialist. They will examine you and you may have blood tests or scans.
#17 Surveillance strategies in the management of penile cancer – Salami – Translational Andrology and Urology
https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/15303/html
In general, surveillance after a diagnosis of penile cancer is life-long as these patients have the potential to develop recurrent disease or a new primary tumor at any point along their course. […] Most guidelines, including the European Association of Urology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend follow-up visits every 3 months in the first 2 years, every 6 months for years 3 to 5, and annually thereafter. […] Life-long follow-up is recommended because recurrence can occur beyond 5 years. […] Because of the morbidity and mortality associated with recurrences, a risk-adjusted surveillance strategy geared towards early detection and treatment is recommended. Physical examination is the single most important component of surveillance, but imaging modalities may be used as adjuncts.
#18 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Penile cancer and its treatments are likely to cause physical changes in your body. These might affect the way you feel about yourself. […] Men with penile cancer worry how physical changes to their body will affect their self image, how they will cope with daily things like passing urine, and how it will affect intimate relationships and their sex life. […] The physical and emotional changes you have might affect your relationships and sex life. There are things that you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to penile cancer, its treatment or when you have advanced penile cancer. A lot of practical and emotional support is available to you. […] Specialist nurses can help if you’re finding it difficult to cope or if you have any problems. They can get you the help you need. They can also give you information.
#19 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended. […] Recovering from penile cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each man, depending on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatments given and many other factors. The end of cancer treatment may bring mixed emotions. Even though treatment has ended, there may be other issues to deal with, such as coping with long-term side effects. A man who has been treated for penile cancer may have the following concerns. […] Talking about feelings may help some men cope with their changed body. If you are in a relationship, talk to your partner about your feelings and concerns. Support from other men who’ve had penile cancer and professional counsellors can help. Reconstruction with a penile implant or a penile prosthesis may also help you cope with changes to body image and self-esteem.
#20 Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1309
Penile cancer is a rare but aggressive squamous cell carcinoma affecting the male genitalia. […] Treatment approaches range from organ-sparing techniques to more extensive surgeries, impacting sexual function and quality of life. […] Providing essential psychosocial support involves recognizing and managing emotional stress without stigmatizing it as pathological. […] Patientsâ voices reveal unmet needs, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis, treatment access, and individualized psychosocial support. […] The psychological stress experienced by PC patients arises not only from the cancer diagnosis itself but also from the consequences of treatment, including the loss of bodily integrity and sexual function. […] Given the rarity of PC in the United States, there is no current standardized approach to managing the psychosocial symptoms associated with penile cancer survivorship.
#21 Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1309
This stress, tied to the disease and its treatment, is unique and does not meet the criteria for a mental disorder. […] The emotional stress in these patients should be acknowledged but not pathologized, and timely referral to survivor support groups, sexual therapists, and therapists specializing in cancer survivorship and psychiatric support is essential to improving QoL. […] Individualized support, including sexual therapy, support groups, and family counseling, is essential for post-treatment rehabilitation. […] Timely diagnosis and comprehensive care are paramount in addressing the multifaceted impact of PC on patients and families. […] The findings underscore the significance of maintaining the integrity of the external genitals in sexual identity. […] Moreover, patientsâ voices, as expressed in surveys and support groups, highlight the importance of addressing their concerns in the provision of care.
#22 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Many men have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after penile cancer. If sexual problems occur because of penile cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If you are diagnosed with early stage penile cancer, your treatment may not have a big effect on your sex life. […] If part of your penis is removed (called a partial penectomy), it is still possible to have an erection and there is often enough of the penis left for penetration during sex. […] If all of your penis is removed (called a total penectomy), you will not be able to have an erection or penetration during sex. […] Counsellors or health professionals who specialize in sexual problems can provide information and support. You can have sexual counselling alone, with a partner or in a group.
#23 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Many men have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after penile cancer. If sexual problems occur because of penile cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If you are diagnosed with early stage penile cancer, your treatment may not have a big effect on your sex life. […] If part of your penis is removed (called a partial penectomy), it is still possible to have an erection and there is often enough of the penis left for penetration during sex. […] If all of your penis is removed (called a total penectomy), you will not be able to have an erection or penetration during sex. […] Counsellors or health professionals who specialize in sexual problems can provide information and support. You can have sexual counselling alone, with a partner or in a group.
#24 Treatment for penile cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/penile-cancer/treatment/
Surgery may affect how your penis looks, such as the size or shape. […] This may affect how you feel about your body. You may have many questions and worries about how you’ll pee or have sex. […] The specialist team looking after you can answer any questions you have about your surgery. […] They’ll explain exactly what surgery means for you, how it will affect you and what your options are. […] Reconstructive surgery may be possible if your penis needs to be removed. This uses skin and muscle from other parts of the body to create a working penis. […] If caught early, penile cancer can sometimes be treated with creams you apply to the skin of your penis or foreskin. […] You may be treated with a cream if your penile cancer has been caught early, and the cancer affects your foreskin or the end of your penis.
#25 Therapeutic Approaches to Penile Cancer: Standards of Care and Recent Developments
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10243351/
According to observational data, laser ablation tends to have minimal sexual side effects, with studies citing between 0% and 22% of patients having altered erectile function after treatment. […] A small study from the UK demonstrated that glans resurfacing had high patient sexual satisfaction, with a large proportion even reporting improved sex life after their treatment. […] Glansectomy, on the other hand, tends to have more profound effects on sexual function compared with other organ-sparing techniques. […] Encouragingly, glansectomy with neoglans reconstruction seems to better preserve orgasm, ejaculatory function and ability to engage in penetrative sex. […] As for partial or total penectomy, the data is limited again by small studies. […] Interestingly, a 2018 single-institution study found that close to 70% of penectomy patients were satisfied with their sex life with over 80% reporting satisfaction with their operation.
#26 Therapeutic Approaches to Penile Cancer: Standards of Care and Recent Developments
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10243351/
According to observational data, laser ablation tends to have minimal sexual side effects, with studies citing between 0% and 22% of patients having altered erectile function after treatment. […] A small study from the UK demonstrated that glans resurfacing had high patient sexual satisfaction, with a large proportion even reporting improved sex life after their treatment. […] Glansectomy, on the other hand, tends to have more profound effects on sexual function compared with other organ-sparing techniques. […] Encouragingly, glansectomy with neoglans reconstruction seems to better preserve orgasm, ejaculatory function and ability to engage in penetrative sex. […] As for partial or total penectomy, the data is limited again by small studies. […] Interestingly, a 2018 single-institution study found that close to 70% of penectomy patients were satisfied with their sex life with over 80% reporting satisfaction with their operation.
#27 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Many men have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after penile cancer. If sexual problems occur because of penile cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If you are diagnosed with early stage penile cancer, your treatment may not have a big effect on your sex life. […] If part of your penis is removed (called a partial penectomy), it is still possible to have an erection and there is often enough of the penis left for penetration during sex. […] If all of your penis is removed (called a total penectomy), you will not be able to have an erection or penetration during sex. […] Counsellors or health professionals who specialize in sexual problems can provide information and support. You can have sexual counselling alone, with a partner or in a group.
#28 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Lymphedema may occur in a man’s legs if he has lymph nodes removed from his groin or pelvis during penile cancer surgery. […] Some types of treatments for penile cancer can cause changes to how you urinate. […] Some treatments for penile cancer can cause fertility problems, which can affect a man’s ability to conceive children. […] Depending on your life stage, if you want to have children in the future, you may be offered sperm storing or banking before treatments. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.
#29 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Lymphedema may occur in a man’s legs if he has lymph nodes removed from his groin or pelvis during penile cancer surgery. […] Some types of treatments for penile cancer can cause changes to how you urinate. […] Some treatments for penile cancer can cause fertility problems, which can affect a man’s ability to conceive children. […] Depending on your life stage, if you want to have children in the future, you may be offered sperm storing or banking before treatments. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.
#30 EAU Guidelines on Penile Cancer – Uroweb
https://uroweb.org/guidelines/penile-cancer
The treatments also cause significant physical and emotional changes, resulting in feelings of mutilation, loss of masculinity and coping with the impact on voiding and sexual function, which in turn can result in relationship breakdowns and withdrawal from society. […] Long-term managing lymphoedema also presents a challenge for many of these men. […] An important part of a holistic approach is access to palliative care. […] As a result, access to palliative care should be available to patients throughout their cancer pathway. […] It is important to recognise the evolving needs of a patient with a diagnosis of penile cancer, even many months following the completion of treatment, and therefore appropriate follow-up and patient support services are also a critical aspect of penile cancer care.
#31 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Lymphedema may occur in a man’s legs if he has lymph nodes removed from his groin or pelvis during penile cancer surgery. […] Some types of treatments for penile cancer can cause changes to how you urinate. […] Some treatments for penile cancer can cause fertility problems, which can affect a man’s ability to conceive children. […] Depending on your life stage, if you want to have children in the future, you may be offered sperm storing or banking before treatments. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.
#32 Penile cancer
https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/penis_cancer/penile-cancer-treatment.html
One issue that is important to discuss before you undergo treatment is fertility, particularly if you want to have children in the future. […] Having penile cancer treatment can affect your self-confidence and the way you think about sex. […] Doctors will always try to give you the treatment that preserves as much of your penis as possible. […] After a partial penectomy, the remaining part of the penis can still become erect with arousal and penetration may be possible. […] Once your treatment has finished, you will have regular check-ups to confirm that the cancer hasnt come back, which involves ongoing tests, scans and physical examinations. […] If the cancer does come back, treatment will depend on where the cancer has returned in your body and may include a mix of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
#33 Penile Cancer â Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | OSF Cancer Institute | OSF HealthCare
https://www.osfhealthcare.org/services/specialties/cancer/conditions-treatments/conditions/penile
At OSF HealthCare Cancer Institute and our network of cancer centers, we provide comprehensive care for penile cancer, offering the latest diagnostic tools and advanced treatment options. […] Many of these symptoms can be caused by other health problems. But it is important to see a health care provider if you have these symptoms. Only a health care provider can tell if you have cancer. […] Treatment for penile cancer is either local or systemic. Local treatments remove, destroy or control the cancer cells in one area. Surgery, radiation therapy and topical chemotherapy are local treatments. Systemic treatments, such as chemotherapy, are used to destroy or control cancer cells throughout the entire body. […] This is the most common treatment for penile cancer. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor and leave as much of the penis as possible. Surgery may also be used to remove nearby lymph nodes. If the cancer has grown deep into the penis, part or all of it may need to be removed. This is called a penectomy.
#34 Penile Cancer
https://www.umassmed.edu/urology/clinical-conditions/cancer/penile-cancer/
Penile cancer usually begins as a small lesion and gradually enlarges to involve the entire penis. It may be flat and cause an ulcer. Alternatively, it may extend away from the penis with the appearance of cauliflower or broccoli. […] The goal of treatment is complete removal of the primary lesion with adequate margins. The standard of therapy for the primary lesion is either or partial or total penectomy (removal of the penis). Partial penectomy is currently the most standard treatment. […] Treatment of penile cancer must be individualized to each patient. Surgeons in the UMass Department of Urology are trained in the most up-to-date and technologically-advanced methods of treating penile cancers. At your appointment, your surgeon will be glad to discuss all treatment options with you. The mainstay treatment is removal of all or part of the penis.
#35 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#36 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#37 Penile Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/446554-treatment
Few surgical complications are associated with excision of the primary tumor or partial or complete penectomy. They include infection, edema, or urethral stricture if a new urethral meatus must be constructed. […] Complications associated with inguinal node dissections are more common and are generally associated with more extensive dissections. Early complications include wound infection, seroma, skin flap necrosis, phlebitis, and pulmonary embolus. Late complications include lymphedema of the scrotum and lower extremities. […] The prognosis of penile cancer is primarily related to the presence or absence of inguinal node metastasis. Untreated patients with inguinal metastases rarely survive 2 years. Of those with clinically palpable adenopathy and histologically proven metastases, 20-50% are alive at 5 years following inguinal lymphadenectomy. […] The major controversy regarding penile cancer is the indication and extent of inguinal lymphadenectomy. Patients with clinically palpable or radiologically demonstrable lymph nodes after an adequate course of antibiotic therapy should undergo surgery.
#38 Penile Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/446554-treatment
Few surgical complications are associated with excision of the primary tumor or partial or complete penectomy. They include infection, edema, or urethral stricture if a new urethral meatus must be constructed. […] Complications associated with inguinal node dissections are more common and are generally associated with more extensive dissections. Early complications include wound infection, seroma, skin flap necrosis, phlebitis, and pulmonary embolus. Late complications include lymphedema of the scrotum and lower extremities. […] The prognosis of penile cancer is primarily related to the presence or absence of inguinal node metastasis. Untreated patients with inguinal metastases rarely survive 2 years. Of those with clinically palpable adenopathy and histologically proven metastases, 20-50% are alive at 5 years following inguinal lymphadenectomy. […] The major controversy regarding penile cancer is the indication and extent of inguinal lymphadenectomy. Patients with clinically palpable or radiologically demonstrable lymph nodes after an adequate course of antibiotic therapy should undergo surgery.
#39 Penile cancer
https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/penis_cancer/penile-cancer-treatment.html
You will be cared for by a multi-disciplinary team of health professionals during your treatment for penile cancer, which may include a urologist, surgeon, radiologist, specialist nurses and allied health professionals, among others. […] Common side effects of surgery include erectile dysfunction, pain, discomfort, altered appearance, bleeding, trouble urinating, swelling, itching and lymphoedema if lymph nodes have been removed. […] Some early-stage, low-grade penile cancers, especially carcinoma in situ (where the cancer is only in the top layers of skin), can be treated with techniques other than surgery. […] The procedure is usually painless and less invasive than surgery. […] The type of side effects that you may experience will depend on the type of treatment and where in your body the cancer is.
#40 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#41 Treatment for penile cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/penile-cancer/treatment/
If you’ve been diagnosed with advanced penile cancer, it may be hard to treat and not possible to cure. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, and help you live longer. […] You’ll be referred to a team of doctors and nurses called a symptom control team or palliative care team. […] They will help you to manage your symptoms and make you feel more comfortable. […] The palliative care team can also help you and your loved ones get any other support you need.
#42 Treatment for penile cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/penile-cancer/treatment/
If you’ve been diagnosed with advanced penile cancer, it may be hard to treat and not possible to cure. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, and help you live longer. […] You’ll be referred to a team of doctors and nurses called a symptom control team or palliative care team. […] They will help you to manage your symptoms and make you feel more comfortable. […] The palliative care team can also help you and your loved ones get any other support you need.
#43 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, and respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets.
#44 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, and respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets.
#45 Penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended.
#46 Penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended.
#47 Treating Penile Cancer | Penile Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/treating.html
Surgery is the main treatment for most men with penile cancers, but sometimes radiation therapy may be used, either instead of or in addition to surgery. […] The goal of your cancer care team is to treat the cancer while limiting the treatments effects on how your penis looks and works. […] If the cancer cant be cured, the goal may be to remove or destroy as much of the cancer as possible and prevent the tumor from growing, spreading, or returning for as long as possible. […] People with cancer need support and information, no matter what stage of illness they may be in. […] Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Nursing care and special equipment can make staying at home a workable option for many families.
#48 Supportive care for penile cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/penile/supportive-care
Supportive care helps men meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of penile cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. There are many programs and services available to help meet the needs and improve the quality of life of men living with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended. […] Recovering from penile cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each man, depending on the stage of the cancer, the type of treatments given and many other factors. The end of cancer treatment may bring mixed emotions. Even though treatment has ended, there may be other issues to deal with, such as coping with long-term side effects. A man who has been treated for penile cancer may have the following concerns. […] Talking about feelings may help some men cope with their changed body. If you are in a relationship, talk to your partner about your feelings and concerns. Support from other men who’ve had penile cancer and professional counsellors can help. Reconstruction with a penile implant or a penile prosthesis may also help you cope with changes to body image and self-esteem.
#49 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#50 After surgery for penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery
After your operation, you will wake up in the recovery room. […] Your nurse changes the dressings and cleans your wounds while you are in hospital. […] Before you go home the nurse gives you information about how to care for the wound. […] Your nurse takes out the wound drains once they stop draining. This is usually about 7 to 14 days after your operation. […] Tell your doctor or nurse as soon as you feel any pain. They need your help to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. […] Your nurses and physiotherapists help you to move around as soon as possible. […] Your nurse will talk to you about how often to take them, when to take them, and what side effects you may get. […] Your nurse gives you details of a follow up outpatient appointment before you go home. […] If you live alone or think you’ll struggle to manage on your own, tell the nurses when you first go into hospital. […] We have information about possible changes to how your body looks after surgery and who can help you cope. […] For support and information, you can call the Cancer Research UK information nurses. They can give advice about who can help you and what kind of support is available.
#51 Follow up care after penile sparing surgery for penile cancer: current | RRU
https://www.dovepress.com/follow-up-care-after-penile-sparing-surgery-for-penile-cancer-current–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU
The psychological impact of penile cancer is not negligible since the perceived loss of masculinity might adversely affect mental health and overall well-being. […] It is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling. […] Quality of life may be compromised by sexual dysfunction, which may be the result either of the loss of penile tissue or the psychological status of the patient. […] Unaddressed needs in patients following penile cancer treatment include communication between patients and clinicians, access to health system information, spiritual support, and interpersonal and intimate relationships, among other aspects. […] Therefore, it is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling.
#52 Follow up care after penile sparing surgery for penile cancer: current | RRU
https://www.dovepress.com/follow-up-care-after-penile-sparing-surgery-for-penile-cancer-current–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU
The psychological impact of penile cancer is not negligible since the perceived loss of masculinity might adversely affect mental health and overall well-being. […] It is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling. […] Quality of life may be compromised by sexual dysfunction, which may be the result either of the loss of penile tissue or the psychological status of the patient. […] Unaddressed needs in patients following penile cancer treatment include communication between patients and clinicians, access to health system information, spiritual support, and interpersonal and intimate relationships, among other aspects. […] Therefore, it is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling.
#53 Penile cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/penile-cancer
Your doctor or nurse will explain any possible effects your treatment may have on your sex life. If you have an early-stage cancer, treatment is unlikely to directly affect your sex life. […] It is usually safe for you to have sex once the treated area has completely healed and you feel ready. Your doctor or nurse can give you advice on this. […] Sometimes surgery for penile cancer can affect your sex life. This may depend on the type of surgery you’ve had, how this has impacted your physical and emotional well-being. […] After radiotherapy, the healthy tissue in the penis may get thicker. This can cause narrowing of the tube that carries urine through the penis. This tube is called the urethra. If this happens, you may find it difficult to pass urine. This can be treated with a simple operation to stretch the urethra. If you have difficulty passing urine, tell your doctor straight away. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes after treatment. Making small changes such as eating well and keeping active can improve your health and wellbeing and help your body recover.
#54 Penile cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/penile-cancer
Your doctor or nurse will explain any possible effects your treatment may have on your sex life. If you have an early-stage cancer, treatment is unlikely to directly affect your sex life. […] It is usually safe for you to have sex once the treated area has completely healed and you feel ready. Your doctor or nurse can give you advice on this. […] Sometimes surgery for penile cancer can affect your sex life. This may depend on the type of surgery you’ve had, how this has impacted your physical and emotional well-being. […] After radiotherapy, the healthy tissue in the penis may get thicker. This can cause narrowing of the tube that carries urine through the penis. This tube is called the urethra. If this happens, you may find it difficult to pass urine. This can be treated with a simple operation to stretch the urethra. If you have difficulty passing urine, tell your doctor straight away. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes after treatment. Making small changes such as eating well and keeping active can improve your health and wellbeing and help your body recover.
#55 Penile cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/penile-cancer
Your doctor or nurse will explain any possible effects your treatment may have on your sex life. If you have an early-stage cancer, treatment is unlikely to directly affect your sex life. […] It is usually safe for you to have sex once the treated area has completely healed and you feel ready. Your doctor or nurse can give you advice on this. […] Sometimes surgery for penile cancer can affect your sex life. This may depend on the type of surgery you’ve had, how this has impacted your physical and emotional well-being. […] After radiotherapy, the healthy tissue in the penis may get thicker. This can cause narrowing of the tube that carries urine through the penis. This tube is called the urethra. If this happens, you may find it difficult to pass urine. This can be treated with a simple operation to stretch the urethra. If you have difficulty passing urine, tell your doctor straight away. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes after treatment. Making small changes such as eating well and keeping active can improve your health and wellbeing and help your body recover.
#56 Penile cancer | UK Healthcare
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/markey-cancer-center/cancer-types/penile
A great way to catch penile cancer early is to check your penis for lesions or unusual bumps when you urinate or wash your penis. […] According to the American Cancer Society, there is an 80 percent five-year relative survival rate among penile cancer patients where the cancer had not spread. […] If the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, there is only a 9 percent five-year survival rate. […] Staying physically active, limiting alcohol consumption and getting regular screenings can limit your risk of developing other types of cancer and may also make it easier for you to recover from penile cancer treatment. […] Clinical trials are research studies aimed at evaluating medical, surgical or behavioral interventions to determine if a new treatment is safe and effective. […] As a patient at Markey, you have a team of people looking at your individual case, applying the most recent cancer knowledge to give you the best chance of survival.
#57 Penile Cancer | Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute
https://baptisthealth.net/services/cancer-care/miami-cancer-institute/our-approach/adult-cancers/genitourinary-cancers/penile-cancer
A penile cancer diagnosis affects many aspects of your life and health. But together, well find the right treatment for your cancer and for you. […] Your personalized care plan will include advanced treatments and services, including nutritional advice, physical rehabilitation and pain management, to address all your needs. […] Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institutes genitourinary oncologists combine world-class medical expertise with compassionate care. We create a personalized care plan that helps address your individual needs. […] Penile cancer responds well to treatment when it is diagnosed early. But there is no guaranteed way to prevent penile cancer. However, you can support your health and reduce your risk, including the following: […] Practicing good genital hygiene. […] Practicing safe sex by using protection (such as condoms) and limiting your sexual partners.
#58 Role of Oncology Nurses in Palliative Care for Advanced Penile Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/penile-cancer-oncology-nurses-palliative-care-treatment-role-risk/
Oncology nurses are positioned to provide supportive care to patients with advanced penile cancer requiring palliative services, according to a recent report published in Seminars in Oncology Nursing. […] The researchers found that for all phases of penile cancer and during treatment, oncology nurses can play a role in providing palliative care and improving patient quality of life by placing an emphasis on the whole person. […] Oncology nurses can aid in screening for distress and symptom burden as key steps in providing pSCC care. […] The choice of palliative care should be based on what is necessary or appropriate for the patient, and oncology nurses should discuss the structure and goal of these services early in care. […] Patients with metastatic or regionally advanced disease should receive referrals to specialty palliative care, they noted. […] Oncology nurses are optimally positioned within the cancer care team to both direct and advocate for improving quality of life with a palliative-care-centered approach, the researchers concluded in their report.
#59 Role of Oncology Nurses in Palliative Care for Advanced Penile Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/penile-cancer-oncology-nurses-palliative-care-treatment-role-risk/
Oncology nurses are positioned to provide supportive care to patients with advanced penile cancer requiring palliative services, according to a recent report published in Seminars in Oncology Nursing. […] The researchers found that for all phases of penile cancer and during treatment, oncology nurses can play a role in providing palliative care and improving patient quality of life by placing an emphasis on the whole person. […] Oncology nurses can aid in screening for distress and symptom burden as key steps in providing pSCC care. […] The choice of palliative care should be based on what is necessary or appropriate for the patient, and oncology nurses should discuss the structure and goal of these services early in care. […] Patients with metastatic or regionally advanced disease should receive referrals to specialty palliative care, they noted. […] Oncology nurses are optimally positioned within the cancer care team to both direct and advocate for improving quality of life with a palliative-care-centered approach, the researchers concluded in their report.
#60 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Penile cancer and its treatments are likely to cause physical changes in your body. These might affect the way you feel about yourself. […] Men with penile cancer worry how physical changes to their body will affect their self image, how they will cope with daily things like passing urine, and how it will affect intimate relationships and their sex life. […] The physical and emotional changes you have might affect your relationships and sex life. There are things that you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to penile cancer, its treatment or when you have advanced penile cancer. A lot of practical and emotional support is available to you. […] Specialist nurses can help if you’re finding it difficult to cope or if you have any problems. They can get you the help you need. They can also give you information.
#61 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Penile cancer and its treatments are likely to cause physical changes in your body. These might affect the way you feel about yourself. […] Men with penile cancer worry how physical changes to their body will affect their self image, how they will cope with daily things like passing urine, and how it will affect intimate relationships and their sex life. […] The physical and emotional changes you have might affect your relationships and sex life. There are things that you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to penile cancer, its treatment or when you have advanced penile cancer. A lot of practical and emotional support is available to you. […] Specialist nurses can help if you’re finding it difficult to cope or if you have any problems. They can get you the help you need. They can also give you information.
#62 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, and respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets.
#63 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, and respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets.
#64 Coping with penile cancer | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/coping
Penile cancer and its treatments are likely to cause physical changes in your body. These might affect the way you feel about yourself. […] Men with penile cancer worry how physical changes to their body will affect their self image, how they will cope with daily things like passing urine, and how it will affect intimate relationships and their sex life. […] The physical and emotional changes you have might affect your relationships and sex life. There are things that you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to penile cancer, its treatment or when you have advanced penile cancer. A lot of practical and emotional support is available to you. […] Specialist nurses can help if you’re finding it difficult to cope or if you have any problems. They can get you the help you need. They can also give you information.
#65 Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1309
This stress, tied to the disease and its treatment, is unique and does not meet the criteria for a mental disorder. […] The emotional stress in these patients should be acknowledged but not pathologized, and timely referral to survivor support groups, sexual therapists, and therapists specializing in cancer survivorship and psychiatric support is essential to improving QoL. […] Individualized support, including sexual therapy, support groups, and family counseling, is essential for post-treatment rehabilitation. […] Timely diagnosis and comprehensive care are paramount in addressing the multifaceted impact of PC on patients and families. […] The findings underscore the significance of maintaining the integrity of the external genitals in sexual identity. […] Moreover, patientsâ voices, as expressed in surveys and support groups, highlight the importance of addressing their concerns in the provision of care.
#66 Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1309
This stress, tied to the disease and its treatment, is unique and does not meet the criteria for a mental disorder. […] The emotional stress in these patients should be acknowledged but not pathologized, and timely referral to survivor support groups, sexual therapists, and therapists specializing in cancer survivorship and psychiatric support is essential to improving QoL. […] Individualized support, including sexual therapy, support groups, and family counseling, is essential for post-treatment rehabilitation. […] Timely diagnosis and comprehensive care are paramount in addressing the multifaceted impact of PC on patients and families. […] The findings underscore the significance of maintaining the integrity of the external genitals in sexual identity. […] Moreover, patientsâ voices, as expressed in surveys and support groups, highlight the importance of addressing their concerns in the provision of care.
#67
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-020-00135-z
Since lymph node involvement is a key prognostic factor, evaluation of the lymph nodes by physical exam and imaging is critical. […] The involvement of a supportive/psychosocial care team is also very important, especially if penectomy is being considered. […] Systemic chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease; however, treatment outcomes remain suboptimal. […] A multidisciplinary approach with consultation in specialized centers is critical to ensuring optimal outcomes in this devastating disease.
#68 Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1309
This stress, tied to the disease and its treatment, is unique and does not meet the criteria for a mental disorder. […] The emotional stress in these patients should be acknowledged but not pathologized, and timely referral to survivor support groups, sexual therapists, and therapists specializing in cancer survivorship and psychiatric support is essential to improving QoL. […] Individualized support, including sexual therapy, support groups, and family counseling, is essential for post-treatment rehabilitation. […] Timely diagnosis and comprehensive care are paramount in addressing the multifaceted impact of PC on patients and families. […] The findings underscore the significance of maintaining the integrity of the external genitals in sexual identity. […] Moreover, patientsâ voices, as expressed in surveys and support groups, highlight the importance of addressing their concerns in the provision of care.
#69 Role of Oncology Nurses in Palliative Care for Advanced Penile Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/penile-cancer-oncology-nurses-palliative-care-treatment-role-risk/
Oncology nurses are positioned to provide supportive care to patients with advanced penile cancer requiring palliative services, according to a recent report published in Seminars in Oncology Nursing. […] The researchers found that for all phases of penile cancer and during treatment, oncology nurses can play a role in providing palliative care and improving patient quality of life by placing an emphasis on the whole person. […] Oncology nurses can aid in screening for distress and symptom burden as key steps in providing pSCC care. […] The choice of palliative care should be based on what is necessary or appropriate for the patient, and oncology nurses should discuss the structure and goal of these services early in care. […] Patients with metastatic or regionally advanced disease should receive referrals to specialty palliative care, they noted. […] Oncology nurses are optimally positioned within the cancer care team to both direct and advocate for improving quality of life with a palliative-care-centered approach, the researchers concluded in their report.
#70 Follow up care after penile sparing surgery for penile cancer: current | RRU
https://www.dovepress.com/follow-up-care-after-penile-sparing-surgery-for-penile-cancer-current–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU
Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare urologic tumor worldwide. […] Radical surgery via total penectomy has historically been the cornerstone of treatment, since it provides excellent long-term oncological control. […] Different penile-sparing techniques are currently recommended in the European Association of Urology-American Society of Clinical Oncology (EAU-ASCO) guidelines for the treatment of localized primary PeCa. […] Centralization of care could yield multiple benefits, including improved disease awareness, higher rates of penile-sparing surgery, enhanced detection rates, increased utilization of less invasive lymph node staging techniques, enhanced quality of specialized histopathological examinations, and the establishment of specialized multidisciplinary teams. […] Compared to more aggressive treatments, the higher recurrence rates after penile-sparing surgery do not hamper neither the metastasis-free survival nor the overall survival.
#71 Ten-year surgical experiences with penile cancer at a tertiary care hospital in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective study of 236 patients | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-015-0482-0
Early recognition and aggressive treatment of penile cancer and close follow-up are urgently needed to improve outcomes in our environment. […] Health education is highly needed to discourage patients with penile cancer from presenting late to hospital when the disease is in its advanced stage. […] A high index of suspicion is required in the management of chronic non-healing penile ulcers that are recalcitrant to therapy and all suspected lesions should be biopsied. […] Establishment of radiotherapy services at our center is highly recommended.