Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #2 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongue’s range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. Depending on how much the tissue restricts tongue movement, it may interfere with breastfeeding. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a baby’s oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] For example, tongue-tie can sometimes lead to: […] Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.”

• #3 Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) in infants and children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie-in-infants-and-children

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a condition of limited tongue mobility caused by a restrictive lingual frenulum. The definition of ankyloglossia is not standardized, and its clinical significance and optimal management continue to be debated. […] Ankyloglossia represents a spectrum of variable degrees of impaired tongue movement resulting from a restrictive lingual frenulum.

• #4 What is Tongue Tie (ankyloglossia)?

  https://www.healthlatch.com/what-is-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Ankyloglossia is the medical term that refers to a restrictive lingual frenum. This is the most common form of oral restriction. […] During the normal development of a fetus in the womb, tissue forms to anchor the tongue to the base of the mouth. In most cases, this tissue naturally dissolves to a small, flexible tether around the 12th week of pregnancy. […] Although more research is needed to better understand the causes of this condition, some evidence points to a genetic mutation known as MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase). […] If an oral restriction is not diagnosed or treated at an early stage, it can influence a range of health problems over the course of a lifetime. […] The muscles, if restricted, can cause a FUNCTIONAL problem, which is often called an oral dysfunctional pattern. Muscles influence bone. Bone will change shape based on the pressure or tension placed upon it. Thus, a functional problem can lead to a STRUCTURAL problem.

• #5 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongue’s range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. Depending on how much the tissue restricts tongue movement, it may interfere with breastfeeding. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a baby’s oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] For example, tongue-tie can sometimes lead to: […] Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.”

• #6 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20378437/

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongues range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongues tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a babys oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] Surgical treatment of tongue-tie may be needed for infants, children or adults if tongue-tie causes problems. Surgical procedures include frenotomy and frenuloplasty. […] A more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be recommended if additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy.

• #7 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie) – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie/

  Ankyloglossia, which is also referred to as tongue-tie, is a condition where the tongue cannot move normally because it is attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum, which is too tight. […] A tight lingual frenulum can cause ankyloglossia by limiting the motion of the tongue. In some cases, this band of tissue inserts too far out toward the tip of the tongue or is widened at the back of the tongue, causing problems with tongue motion. […] While the exact cause of ankyloglossia is still unknown, there tends to be a higher number of males with the diagnosis and is occasionally present in multiple family members. Ankyloglossia has also been associated with other genetic syndromes. […] If nonsurgical interventions do not resolve the problem or ankyloglossia is moderate to severe, a lingual frenotomy may be recommended. The procedure involves cutting the restricted frenulum with scissors, laser, or cautery device depending on the preference of the treating physician. The frenulum is divided until mobility is improved. […] More severe cases may require a frenuloplasty.

• #8 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie)

  https://www.mwent.com/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie

  Ankyloglossia, which is also referred to as tongue-tie, is a condition where the tongue cannot move normally because it is attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum, which is too tight. […] A tight lingual frenulum can cause ankyloglossia by limiting the motion of the tongue. In some cases, this band of tissue inserts too far out toward the tip of the tongue or is widened at the back of the tongue, causing problems with tongue motion. […] While the exact cause of ankyloglossia is still unknown, there tends to be a higher number of males with the diagnosis and is occasionally present in multiple family members. Ankyloglossia has also been associated with other genetic syndromes. […] If nonsurgical interventions do not resolve the problem or ankyloglossia is moderate to severe, a lingual frenotomy may be recommended. The procedure involves cutting the restricted frenulum with scissors, laser, or cautery device depending on the preference of the treating physician. The frenulum is divided until mobility is improved. […] While many infants benefit from frenotomy, not all infants with ankyloglossia experience symptoms or require any intervention. Also, frenotomy does not resolve or improve symptoms in all patients.

• #9 Ankyloglossia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyloglossia

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Ankyloglossia varies in degree of severity from mild cases characterized by mucous membrane bands to complete ankyloglossia whereby the tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth. […] The cause for tongue tie is unknown. While research suggests that tongue-tie could be heritable, most people with it have no inborn diseases. There are associations between X-linked cleft palate syndrome and rare syndromes, including Kindler syndrome, Opitz syndrome, and Van Der Woude syndrome. […] Ankyloglossia can result in mechanical and social effects.

• #10 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts mobility of the tongue. […] Anterior ankyloglossia is defined as tongue ties with a prominent lingual frenulum and/or restricted tongue protrusion with tongue tip tethering. […] Mechanistically, infants with restrictive ankyloglossia cannot extend their tongues over the lower gum line to form a proper seal and therefore use their jaws to keep the breast in the mouth. […] Despite these studies, consensus on ankyloglossia’s role in breastfeeding difficulties is lacking. […] A minority of surveyed pediatricians (10%) and otolaryngologists (30%) believe it commonly affects feeding, while 69 percent of lactation consultants feel that it frequently causes breastfeeding problems.

• #11 Ankyloglossia – Conditions We Treat – Breastfeeding & Lactation Medicine – Golisano Children’s Hospital – Rochester, NY – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/breastfeeding/conditions-we-treat/tongue-tie

  Everyone has a lingual frenulum, a fibrous attachment that holds the tongue to the base of the mouth and covers the muscle. About 1 in 10 babies will have some kind of tongue „tie,” or ankyloglossia, which means that their frenulum is tighter or farther out on the tongue than other babies. Only about 1/2 of these tongue ties will cause trouble with breastfeeding. […] Posterior tongue tie, also known as a „type 4” or „submucosal” tongue tie, tend to present slightly later and slightly differently than the „anterior” version. Most breastfeeding medicine specialists agree that these ties can be just as often problematic as the „anterior,” and sometimes more so. Posteriors tend to present: […] We have seen good outcomes with clipping these ties, and there is evidence to support this. However, these children often also need accompanying suck therapy or craniosacral therapy.

• #12 Tongue Tie – La Leche League GB

  https://laleche.org.uk/tongue-tie/

  Tongue tie (ankyloglossia) is caused by a tight or short lingual frenulum (the membrane that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth). The frenulum normally thins and recedes before birth. Where this doesn’t happen, the frenulum may restrict tongue mobility. […] A short, tight, posterior tongue tie is rarer, but may be particularly hard to spot. […] Tongue tie affects tongue movement to varying degrees. The shorter and tighter it is, the more likely it is to affect breastfeeding. […] Any tongue tie that restricts normal tongue movement can lead to breastfeeding difficulties. […] Restricted tongue movement caused by tongue tie may affect the shape of a baby’s palate, leading to a high palate or a bubble palate with a high spot. […] Dividing a tongue tie is a quick and simple procedure. No anaesthetic is needed for a baby under six months of age. […] The earlier a tongue tie is divided, the easier it is to resolve any breastfeeding difficulties. […] After a tongue tie is divided, a baby’s increased tongue movement helps the palate shape become more normal.

• #13 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #14 Tongue-tie symptoms and treatment – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/the-truth-about-tongue-tie

  Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is when an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. The band of tissue is called the frenulum. When it is too short or tight, it can restrict the tongue’s range of motion. Up to 10% of all newborns are born with ankyloglossia. […] The most common type of tongue-tie affects the anterior frenulum, which is visible near the front of the tongue. Research studies are exploring posterior tongue-tie, which is when the frenulum is restricted further back underneath the tongue. […] If treatment is recommended, a frenotomy is a quick, low-risk procedure to correct tongue-tie. In an office setting, a laser or sterile scissors is used to snip the frenulum free. The healing time is quick, with minimal pain and blood loss. […] The risks for the procedure are low. However, your health care team must carefully avoid the glands, ducts and nerves located under the tongue to prevent injury, especially if treating a posterior tongue-tie.

• #15 Tongue Tie (Ankyloglossia) | Connecticut Children’s

  https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/ear-nose-throat/conditions/tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Tongue tie is a condition a baby is born with that keeps the tongue from moving freely in the mouth. It occurs when a band of tissue (called the frenulum) connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue tie can range from mild to severe, depending on the thickness of the tissue and where it is attached to the tongue. […] Experts dont know why the frenulum in some babies does not fully separate from the bottom of the mouth before birth. […] Tongue tie can run in some families, and it is more common in boys than in girls.

• #16 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie) – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie/

  Ankyloglossia, which is also referred to as tongue-tie, is a condition where the tongue cannot move normally because it is attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum, which is too tight. […] A tight lingual frenulum can cause ankyloglossia by limiting the motion of the tongue. In some cases, this band of tissue inserts too far out toward the tip of the tongue or is widened at the back of the tongue, causing problems with tongue motion. […] While the exact cause of ankyloglossia is still unknown, there tends to be a higher number of males with the diagnosis and is occasionally present in multiple family members. Ankyloglossia has also been associated with other genetic syndromes. […] If nonsurgical interventions do not resolve the problem or ankyloglossia is moderate to severe, a lingual frenotomy may be recommended. The procedure involves cutting the restricted frenulum with scissors, laser, or cautery device depending on the preference of the treating physician. The frenulum is divided until mobility is improved. […] More severe cases may require a frenuloplasty.

• #17

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/tongue-tie-in-babies-how-ankyloglossia-affects-breastfeeding.aspx

  Tongue tie (ankyloglossia) has been gaining attention as a possible cause of breastfeeding issues. […] Although the condition has long been thought to cause breastfeeding issues, research hasn’t shown a clear link. […] Less than half of all infants with physical signs of tongue tie have trouble nursing. […] A muscle under the baby’s tongue can stretch and lengthen with continued feeding, possibly solving nursing issues. […] Healthy nursing might also depend on movements in the middle of a baby’s tongue. […] Although more studies are needed to confirm the role tongue tie plays in nursing, research does show that a tongue-tie release can relieve nipple discomfort at least in the short term. […] If you’ve heard your infant will need surgery now to prevent serious problems down the road, here are key facts to know: Tongue tie will NOT delay your child’s speech development.

• #18 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #19 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongue’s range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. Depending on how much the tissue restricts tongue movement, it may interfere with breastfeeding. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a baby’s oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] For example, tongue-tie can sometimes lead to: […] Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.”

• #20 Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17931-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  In babies with tongue-tie, a short lingual frenulum restricts tongue movement. […] If your baby has tongue-tie, a short lingual frenulum interferes with the normal functioning of their tongue. […] Tongue-tie is congenital, which means your baby is born with it. Researchers aren’t exactly sure why some babies are born with tongue-tie, but there may be a genetic component. Some research suggests tongue-tie may be passed down within families, possibly in an X-linked pattern of inheritance. […] Healthcare providers only diagnose this condition in babies who have a restrictive lingual frenulum and limited tongue function. […] Healthcare providers manage tongue-tie by: Helping you with breastfeeding position and latch. This can help many tongue-tied babies breastfeed comfortably and successfully.

• #21 Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) in Children | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/tongue-tie-ankyloglossia-children

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a problem with the tongue that is present from birth. It keeps the tongue from moving as freely as it normally would. […] It occurs when the lingual frenulum on the bottom of the tongue is too short and tight. […] Tongue-tie happens when the tongue and lingual frenulum dont form quite normally. […] Tongue-tie runs in some families, so your family health history may play a role. […] Symptoms are different in each child. Some children may not have any symptoms. […] It causes breastfeeding problems in some infants. […] Your child might have trouble making certain sounds. […] Not all children with tongue-tie need surgery. Your child may need surgery if their tongue-tie is more severe and causes major symptoms.

• #22 Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17931-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  In babies with tongue-tie, a short lingual frenulum restricts tongue movement. […] If your baby has tongue-tie, a short lingual frenulum interferes with the normal functioning of their tongue. […] Tongue-tie is congenital, which means your baby is born with it. Researchers aren’t exactly sure why some babies are born with tongue-tie, but there may be a genetic component. Some research suggests tongue-tie may be passed down within families, possibly in an X-linked pattern of inheritance. […] Healthcare providers only diagnose this condition in babies who have a restrictive lingual frenulum and limited tongue function. […] Healthcare providers manage tongue-tie by: Helping you with breastfeeding position and latch. This can help many tongue-tied babies breastfeed comfortably and successfully.

• #23

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40746-016-0052-x

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue tie, classically involves a short or thickened lingual frenulum that may prohibit tongue protrusion. However, the diagnosis, evaluation, clinical significance, and management of ankyloglossia are widely variable and controversial. Despite attempts to create standardized diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia, there has yet to be a universally accepted system. […] The etiology of ankyloglossia is generally unknown. The vast majority of infants with ankyloglossia are healthy infants without evidence of other congenital anomalies. Nonetheless, a few case series have found an association between ankyloglossia and rare congenital syndromes such as X-linked cleft palate syndrome, Kindler syndrome, van der Woude syndrome, and Opitz syndrome. A genetic basis of ankyloglossia has also been suggested, as several studies investigating factors associated with ankyloglossia have found a positive family history among 10-53% of patients. Familial pedigree studies have also found evidence to support genetic transmission of ankyloglossia, though the inheritance pattern has yet to be clearly established. Of particular focus in the literature is the T-box transcription factor gene TBX22, which has also been implicated in X-linked cleft palate. The TBX22 gene in humans is located on the long arm of the X chromosome and expressed through eight coding exons related to the development of the posterior palatal shelves and the caudal tongue. Mutations of the TBX22 gene have been found in patients with cleft palate and ankyloglossia.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40746-016-0052-x

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue tie, classically involves a short or thickened lingual frenulum that may prohibit tongue protrusion. However, the diagnosis, evaluation, clinical significance, and management of ankyloglossia are widely variable and controversial. Despite attempts to create standardized diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia, there has yet to be a universally accepted system. […] The etiology of ankyloglossia is generally unknown. The vast majority of infants with ankyloglossia are healthy infants without evidence of other congenital anomalies. Nonetheless, a few case series have found an association between ankyloglossia and rare congenital syndromes such as X-linked cleft palate syndrome, Kindler syndrome, van der Woude syndrome, and Opitz syndrome. A genetic basis of ankyloglossia has also been suggested, as several studies investigating factors associated with ankyloglossia have found a positive family history among 10-53% of patients. Familial pedigree studies have also found evidence to support genetic transmission of ankyloglossia, though the inheritance pattern has yet to be clearly established. Of particular focus in the literature is the T-box transcription factor gene TBX22, which has also been implicated in X-linked cleft palate. The TBX22 gene in humans is located on the long arm of the X chromosome and expressed through eight coding exons related to the development of the posterior palatal shelves and the caudal tongue. Mutations of the TBX22 gene have been found in patients with cleft palate and ankyloglossia.

• #25 Ankyloglossia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyloglossia

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Ankyloglossia varies in degree of severity from mild cases characterized by mucous membrane bands to complete ankyloglossia whereby the tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth. […] The cause for tongue tie is unknown. While research suggests that tongue-tie could be heritable, most people with it have no inborn diseases. There are associations between X-linked cleft palate syndrome and rare syndromes, including Kindler syndrome, Opitz syndrome, and Van Der Woude syndrome. […] Ankyloglossia can result in mechanical and social effects.

• #26 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie) – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie/

  Ankyloglossia, which is also referred to as tongue-tie, is a condition where the tongue cannot move normally because it is attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum, which is too tight. […] A tight lingual frenulum can cause ankyloglossia by limiting the motion of the tongue. In some cases, this band of tissue inserts too far out toward the tip of the tongue or is widened at the back of the tongue, causing problems with tongue motion. […] While the exact cause of ankyloglossia is still unknown, there tends to be a higher number of males with the diagnosis and is occasionally present in multiple family members. Ankyloglossia has also been associated with other genetic syndromes. […] If nonsurgical interventions do not resolve the problem or ankyloglossia is moderate to severe, a lingual frenotomy may be recommended. The procedure involves cutting the restricted frenulum with scissors, laser, or cautery device depending on the preference of the treating physician. The frenulum is divided until mobility is improved. […] More severe cases may require a frenuloplasty.

• #27 What is Tongue Tie (ankyloglossia)?

  https://www.healthlatch.com/what-is-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Ankyloglossia is the medical term that refers to a restrictive lingual frenum. This is the most common form of oral restriction. […] During the normal development of a fetus in the womb, tissue forms to anchor the tongue to the base of the mouth. In most cases, this tissue naturally dissolves to a small, flexible tether around the 12th week of pregnancy. […] Although more research is needed to better understand the causes of this condition, some evidence points to a genetic mutation known as MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase). […] If an oral restriction is not diagnosed or treated at an early stage, it can influence a range of health problems over the course of a lifetime. […] The muscles, if restricted, can cause a FUNCTIONAL problem, which is often called an oral dysfunctional pattern. Muscles influence bone. Bone will change shape based on the pressure or tension placed upon it. Thus, a functional problem can lead to a STRUCTURAL problem.

• #28 Ankyloglossia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyloglossia

  The lingual frenulum under the tongue is part of the body’s larger fascia network. When the tongue is restricted by an overly tight frenulum, the tightness can travel to other nearby parts of the body such as the neck causing muscle tightness and poor posture. The tongue being restricted can force other muscles in the neck and jaw to compensate causing muscle soreness. […] According to Horton et al., diagnosis of ankyloglossia may be difficult; it is not always apparent by looking at the underside of the tongue, but is often dependent on the range of movement permitted by the genioglossus muscles. […] There are varying types of intervention for ankyloglossia. Intervention for ankyloglossia does sometimes include surgery in the form of frenotomy (also called a frenectomy or frenulectomy) or frenuloplasty. This relatively common dental procedure may be done with soft-tissue lasers, such as the CO2 laser.

• #29 Ankyloglossia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyloglossia

  The lingual frenulum under the tongue is part of the body’s larger fascia network. When the tongue is restricted by an overly tight frenulum, the tightness can travel to other nearby parts of the body such as the neck causing muscle tightness and poor posture. The tongue being restricted can force other muscles in the neck and jaw to compensate causing muscle soreness. […] According to Horton et al., diagnosis of ankyloglossia may be difficult; it is not always apparent by looking at the underside of the tongue, but is often dependent on the range of movement permitted by the genioglossus muscles. […] There are varying types of intervention for ankyloglossia. Intervention for ankyloglossia does sometimes include surgery in the form of frenotomy (also called a frenectomy or frenulectomy) or frenuloplasty. This relatively common dental procedure may be done with soft-tissue lasers, such as the CO2 laser.

• #30 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts mobility of the tongue. […] Anterior ankyloglossia is defined as tongue ties with a prominent lingual frenulum and/or restricted tongue protrusion with tongue tip tethering. […] Mechanistically, infants with restrictive ankyloglossia cannot extend their tongues over the lower gum line to form a proper seal and therefore use their jaws to keep the breast in the mouth. […] Despite these studies, consensus on ankyloglossia’s role in breastfeeding difficulties is lacking. […] A minority of surveyed pediatricians (10%) and otolaryngologists (30%) believe it commonly affects feeding, while 69 percent of lactation consultants feel that it frequently causes breastfeeding problems.

• #31

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8522341/

  Ankyloglossia is defined as a congenital malformation that alters lingua mobility and function. It is listed as one of the possible reasons behind problems with breastfeeding. […] The most frequent surgical procedure performed in newborns with symptomatic ankyloglossia is frenulotomy. It is a simple procedure with a low risk of complications. […] The literature widely describes the influence of ankyloglossia on difficulties in breastfeeding. According to Messner et al. 25% of the newborns with a short lingual frenulum experience such problems. A short lingual frenulum may impede proper nipple latch and seal during breastfeeding. […] Such problems may provoke the mothers discouragement, thus leading to premature weaning and switching to a bottle. […] The procedure itself involves cutting the lingual frenulum with surgical scissors after stabilizing the tongue with the fingers or spatula.

• #32 Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/ankyloglossia-breastfeeding

  Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a relatively common congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum, which may restrict tongue tip mobility. […] The role of a short lingual frenulum as a cause of breastfeeding difficulties has been described in multiple anecdotal reports linking ankyloglossia to poor latch, maternal nipple pain and trauma, suboptimal infant weight gain, infant breast refusal and low maternal milk supply due to poor milk removal. […] Ultrasound studies suggest that the mechanism of poor feeding in tongue-tied infants is due to restricted tongue movement, such that it may cause pain and/or trauma of the nipple, poor milk removal and unsustainable attachment to the breast. […] In cases of ankyloglossia and significant breastfeeding difficulties, there is some evidence that frenotomy can improve feeding. […] Therefore, while several randomized trials and some cohort and cross-sectional prospective studies have shown some effectiveness for frenotomy in newborns who are having difficulties with breastfeeding due to ankyloglossia, they all have significant limitations.

• #33 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongue’s range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. Depending on how much the tissue restricts tongue movement, it may interfere with breastfeeding. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a baby’s oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] For example, tongue-tie can sometimes lead to: […] Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.”

• #34

  https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/11728

  The lingual frenulum inhibits tongue mobility in ankyloglossia, sometimes referred to as tongue-tie. […] Ankyloglossia can make it difficult to nurse, speak clearly, maintain good oral hygiene, or engage in other oral activities. […] Tongue-tie can influence a baby’s oral development as well as the way he or she feeds, talks, and swallows. […] It is crucial to diagnose ankyloglossia through a thorough examination. […] Treatment options include lactation consultation, improving latch during breastfeeding, and a procedure called frenotomy, which involves releasing the frenulum. […] Research is ongoing to establish evidence-based recommendations and standardized diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia.

• #35 Tongue and Lip Ties – La Leche League International

  https://llli.org/breastfeeding-info/tongue-lip-ties/

  Tongue tie (ankyloglossia) is caused by a tight or short lingual frenulum (the membrane that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth). The frenulum normally thins and recedes before birth. Where this doesn’t happen, the frenulum may restrict tongue mobility. […] There is an association between high or unusual palates and tongue tie, because restricted tongue movement can affect the shape of the palate. […] A baby needs to be able to move his tongue freely and extend it over the lower gum with his mouth open wide to be able to breastfeed well. […] Tongue tie affects tongue movement to varying degrees. The shorter and tighter it is, the more likely it is to affect breastfeeding. […] Where a tongue tie is causing breastfeeding problems, treatment options are available and effective especially if the treatment is prompt.

• #36 Tongue and Lip Ties – La Leche League International

  https://llli.org/breastfeeding-info/tongue-lip-ties/

  There is evidence that treating tongue tie by frenotomy is effective in resolving breastfeeding difficulties. […] Dividing a tongue tie is a quick and simple procedure. No anaesthetic is needed for a baby under six months of age. […] The earlier a tongue tie is divided, the easier it is to resolve any breastfeeding difficulties. […] After a tongue tie is divided, a baby’s increased tongue movement helps the palate shape become more normal.

• #37 Tongue Tie – La Leche League GB

  https://laleche.org.uk/tongue-tie/

  Tongue tie (ankyloglossia) is caused by a tight or short lingual frenulum (the membrane that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth). The frenulum normally thins and recedes before birth. Where this doesn’t happen, the frenulum may restrict tongue mobility. […] A short, tight, posterior tongue tie is rarer, but may be particularly hard to spot. […] Tongue tie affects tongue movement to varying degrees. The shorter and tighter it is, the more likely it is to affect breastfeeding. […] Any tongue tie that restricts normal tongue movement can lead to breastfeeding difficulties. […] Restricted tongue movement caused by tongue tie may affect the shape of a baby’s palate, leading to a high palate or a bubble palate with a high spot. […] Dividing a tongue tie is a quick and simple procedure. No anaesthetic is needed for a baby under six months of age. […] The earlier a tongue tie is divided, the easier it is to resolve any breastfeeding difficulties. […] After a tongue tie is divided, a baby’s increased tongue movement helps the palate shape become more normal.

• #38 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition present at birth that restricts the tongue’s range of motion. […] With tongue-tie, an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. Depending on how much the tissue restricts tongue movement, it may interfere with breastfeeding. […] Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie have been associated with certain genetic factors. […] Tongue-tie may affect a baby’s oral development, as well as the way the child eats, speaks and swallows. […] For example, tongue-tie can sometimes lead to: […] Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.”

• #39 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.” […] Surgical treatment of tongue-tie may be needed for infants, children or adults if tongue-tie causes problems. […] A more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be recommended if additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy.

• #40 Tongue-tie | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/tongue-tie

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition where tongue movement is limited by a short or tight lingual frenum, which may in turn affect functions such as feeding or speaking. […] There are two main causes of tongue-tie; either the frenum is too short and tight, or it did not move back down the tongue during development and is still attached to the tongue tip. […] A small number of children may develop speech problems because of tongue-tie. Tongue-tie in toddlers seems to be less common than in babies, which suggests that a short frenum can resolve itself as the child grows. […] In persistent cases of tongue-tie, the child may have certain speech problems. They may have difficulties creating sounds that need the tongue or tongue tip to: touch the roof of the mouth such as the t, d, n, l, s and z sounds; arch off the floor of the mouth such as the r sound.

• #41 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #42 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  Finally, in 2021, the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine published a position statement. In the statement they concluded that tongue-tie can affect neonatal feeding in some cases. […] The professional consensus on the possible relationship between ankyloglossia and speech disorders is that there is a common belief among the public that tongue-ties are a cause of speech disorders. […] However, relevant professionals have differing opinions regarding this assumption. […] It has been more than 20 years since this survey was published, and there is still no consensus on this issue within each profession or between the professions. […] In contrast, several recent high-quality systematic reviews did not find an association between ankyloglossia and speech disorders. […] In 2020, the AAO-HNS consensus group concluded that ankyloglossia does not typically affect speech (Messner et al., 2020).

• #43 What is Tongue Tie (ankyloglossia)?

  https://www.healthlatch.com/what-is-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Many clinical specialists in this field suspect that oral restrictions are related to serious, chronic conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, heart issues, mental health problems, and acid reflux causes. […] This is because tongue tie is indirectly related to breathing, cardiovascular dysfunction, and sleep function. […] The vagus nerve is a long and complex nerve that connects to the brain, running through the face and chest to the abdomen. It communicates through vital parts of the body with the brain, impacting the heart, the digestive system, and the lungs. […] Healthcare professionals who deal with many patients with oral restrictions notice that they show signs of being in a sympathetic (fight or flight) state. […] The impact of oral restrictions on the vagus nerve and sympathetic nervous system could have implications for long-term mental health.

• #44 What is Tongue Tie (ankyloglossia)?

  https://www.healthlatch.com/what-is-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Many clinical specialists in this field suspect that oral restrictions are related to serious, chronic conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, heart issues, mental health problems, and acid reflux causes. […] This is because tongue tie is indirectly related to breathing, cardiovascular dysfunction, and sleep function. […] The vagus nerve is a long and complex nerve that connects to the brain, running through the face and chest to the abdomen. It communicates through vital parts of the body with the brain, impacting the heart, the digestive system, and the lungs. […] Healthcare professionals who deal with many patients with oral restrictions notice that they show signs of being in a sympathetic (fight or flight) state. […] The impact of oral restrictions on the vagus nerve and sympathetic nervous system could have implications for long-term mental health.

• #45 What is Tongue Tie (ankyloglossia)?

  https://www.healthlatch.com/what-is-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Many clinical specialists in this field suspect that oral restrictions are related to serious, chronic conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, heart issues, mental health problems, and acid reflux causes. […] This is because tongue tie is indirectly related to breathing, cardiovascular dysfunction, and sleep function. […] The vagus nerve is a long and complex nerve that connects to the brain, running through the face and chest to the abdomen. It communicates through vital parts of the body with the brain, impacting the heart, the digestive system, and the lungs. […] Healthcare professionals who deal with many patients with oral restrictions notice that they show signs of being in a sympathetic (fight or flight) state. […] The impact of oral restrictions on the vagus nerve and sympathetic nervous system could have implications for long-term mental health.

• #46 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #47 Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie

  Tongue tie occurs when the frenulum (the band of tissue under the tongue) fails to separate from the tongue before birth. This may be caused by genetics. The band stays connected as the child grows because its unusually short or thick, creating a tightness to the tongue that limits its mobility. […] Tongue tie can also be associated with oral hygiene and dental problems, in part because food doesnt get cleared away naturally by the tongue. […] While some providers take a watchful waiting approach to see if tongue tie might go away in milder cases, others increasingly recommend a prompt treatment approach, to prevent continues feeding difficulties in an infant, or in an older child more subtle speech difficulties, dental problems, and associated social anxieties. […] In the vast majority of cases, treatment for tongue tie permanently corrects the condition and prevents the eating, speech, and dental problems that frequently go along with tongue tie.

• #48 Professional Tongue Tie Treatment for Children

  https://rimrockpediatricdentistry.com/tongue-tie/

  Restricted tongue mobility can make it challenging for children to manage certain food textures. […] Tongue tie can hinder a childs ability to clean their teeth effectively with their tongue, which is a natural mechanism for clearing food debris from teeth. […] Tongue tie, or ankyloglossia, can significantly impact a childs feeding, speech, and oral health. […] Frenotomy is a quick and straightforward procedure where the tight frenulum under the tongue is snipped. […] Frenuloplasty is considered in more complex cases of tongue tie, especially when additional repair or reconstruction of the frenulum is needed. […] Laser frenectomies are increasingly favored in the treatment of lip tie due to several advantages they offer. […] Following frenotomy or frenuloplasty, some children may benefit from speech therapy, particularly if the tongue tie has affected their speech development. […] Early diagnosis and intervention can greatly assist in alleviating the challenges associated with tongue tie, promoting better feeding, speech development, and overall oral health.

• #49 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The exact etiology of ankyloglossia remains unknown. An association between X-linked cleft palate syndrome has been reported. […] Despite this, tongue-tie is mainly seen in patients with no congenital pathologies or diseases. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Ankyloglossia is linked to the development of malocclusion, particularly Class III malocclusion. […] However, the evidence that tongue-tie contributes to malocclusion is limited, and this belief may be only based on speculation. […] The natural history of ankyloglossia remains unknown. […] The link between speech disorders and ankyloglossia remains unclear. […] Furthermore, the role of tongue-tie in mandibular development, malocclusion, and gingival recession is still unclear.

• #50 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Currently, the National Health Service (NHS) and the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) recommend treatment only if it interferes with breastfeeding. […] However, there are no prospective longitudinal data on the fate of the congenitally short lingual frenulum. […] Perhaps the best available evidence to date is provided by a recent systematic review that found frenotomy to be a well-tolerated and simple procedure that provides objective and subjective benefits in breastfeeding. […] These omissions are critical because it is clear that not all infants with ankyloglossia have breastfeeding difficulties, dysphagia, or cause maternal breast discomfort, and many adapt and respond to conservative therapy. […] Clarity is needed to help guide clinical and family decision-making about whether, when and how to intervene to address ankyloglossia, in particular in light of controversies about the topic and the limitations of the existing systematic reviews.

• #51

  https://www.handyhandouts.com/viewHandout.aspx?hh_number=505&nfp_title=Tongue-Tie+(Ankyloglossia)

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) occurs when the band of skin connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth (lingual frenulum) is shorter, thicker, and/or tighter than usual. The condition is present at birth and limits the tongues range of motion. […] Tongue-tie may affect a child’s feeding, swallowing, and speech. […] It is important to note that no empirical evidence exists demonstrating tongue-tie as a direct cause of speech disorders. […] The lingual frenulum may loosen as a child grows or tongue-tie may not cause any feeding, swallowing, or speech difficulties. […] If the lingual frenulum is too thick, doctors may recommend a more extensive procedure called a frenuloplasty.

• #52

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/tongue-tie-in-babies-how-ankyloglossia-affects-breastfeeding.aspx

  Tongue tie (ankyloglossia) has been gaining attention as a possible cause of breastfeeding issues. […] Although the condition has long been thought to cause breastfeeding issues, research hasn’t shown a clear link. […] Less than half of all infants with physical signs of tongue tie have trouble nursing. […] A muscle under the baby’s tongue can stretch and lengthen with continued feeding, possibly solving nursing issues. […] Healthy nursing might also depend on movements in the middle of a baby’s tongue. […] Although more studies are needed to confirm the role tongue tie plays in nursing, research does show that a tongue-tie release can relieve nipple discomfort at least in the short term. […] If you’ve heard your infant will need surgery now to prevent serious problems down the road, here are key facts to know: Tongue tie will NOT delay your child’s speech development.

• #53 Tongue-tie | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/tongue-tie

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition where tongue movement is limited by a short or tight lingual frenum, which may in turn affect functions such as feeding or speaking. […] There are two main causes of tongue-tie; either the frenum is too short and tight, or it did not move back down the tongue during development and is still attached to the tongue tip. […] A small number of children may develop speech problems because of tongue-tie. Tongue-tie in toddlers seems to be less common than in babies, which suggests that a short frenum can resolve itself as the child grows. […] In persistent cases of tongue-tie, the child may have certain speech problems. They may have difficulties creating sounds that need the tongue or tongue tip to: touch the roof of the mouth such as the t, d, n, l, s and z sounds; arch off the floor of the mouth such as the r sound.

• #54 Ankyloglossia in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/ent/conditions-we-treat/ankyloglossia-in-children

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a problem with the tongue that is present from birth. It keeps the tongue from moving as freely as it normally would. […] It occurs when the lingual frenulum on the bottom of the tongue is too short and tight. […] Tongue-tie happens when the tongue and lingual frenulum dont form quite normally. […] Not all children with tongue-tie need surgery. Your child may need surgery if their tongue-tie is more severe and causes major symptoms.

• #55 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  The controversy regarding the effect of ankyloglossia on infant feeding could be due, at least in part, to the fact that not all affected infants experience breastfeeding difficulty. […] Despite these reports, the overall evidence for an association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties remains equivocal. […] In 2015, a systematic review sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) concluded that a small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in nipple pain, but with small, short-term studies with inconsistent methodology, the strength of the evidence is low to insufficient (Francis, Krishnaswami et al., 2015). […] In 2020, a panel of pediatric otolaryngologists recruited by the American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) created a clinical consensus statement (CCS) based on current evidence. They concluded that anterior ankyloglossia is a potential contributor to infant feeding difficulties and maternal pain; however, these symptoms can be present due to other etiologies (Messner et al., 2020).

• #56 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie)

  https://www.mwent.com/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie

  Ankyloglossia, which is also referred to as tongue-tie, is a condition where the tongue cannot move normally because it is attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum, which is too tight. […] A tight lingual frenulum can cause ankyloglossia by limiting the motion of the tongue. In some cases, this band of tissue inserts too far out toward the tip of the tongue or is widened at the back of the tongue, causing problems with tongue motion. […] While the exact cause of ankyloglossia is still unknown, there tends to be a higher number of males with the diagnosis and is occasionally present in multiple family members. Ankyloglossia has also been associated with other genetic syndromes. […] If nonsurgical interventions do not resolve the problem or ankyloglossia is moderate to severe, a lingual frenotomy may be recommended. The procedure involves cutting the restricted frenulum with scissors, laser, or cautery device depending on the preference of the treating physician. The frenulum is divided until mobility is improved. […] While many infants benefit from frenotomy, not all infants with ankyloglossia experience symptoms or require any intervention. Also, frenotomy does not resolve or improve symptoms in all patients.

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40746-016-0052-x

  The diagnosis of ankyloglossia is particularly challenging. Although several classification systems have been proposed, none offer correlation with functional impairments, and there is currently no universally accepted system. Similarly, the functional limitations are difficult to assess as neither the maternal nipple nor the infant’s tongue are visible during breastfeeding. Careful assessment by manual examination of the undersurface of the tongue and the attachments of the frenulum is necessary to reveal limitations in mobility. […] Frenotomy, or frenulotomy, is a quick procedure that is performed relatively easily to correct both anterior and posterior ankyloglossia. For young infants, the procedure is often performed at the bedside or in the office, often by otolaryngologists. […] There have been five randomized controlled trials and seven systematic reviews investigating the effects of frenotomy on breastfeeding. However, experts acknowledge that these existing studies alone are largely insufficient to support a clear relationship between frenotomy and improvements in breastfeeding, with large variations in diagnosis of ankyloglossia and methods of frenotomy procedure, low-quality of evidence from case-control studies and case series, and a notable lack of data on nonsurgical interventions for ankyloglossia.

• #58 CG-SURG-122 Lingual Frenotomy for Ankyloglossia-Related Feeding Difficulties

  https://www.anthem.com/dam/medpolicies/abcbs/active/guidelines/gl_pw_e003198.html

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, occurs when the inferior lingual frenulum attaches to the bottom of the tongue in a location that restricts the tongues normal range of motion. […] Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a congenital anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is attached too near the tip of the tongue potentially resulting in restricted tongue movement which may interfere with breast and bottle feeding, speaking or effective oral hygiene. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia is estimated to occur in approximately 4-11% of newborns. […] The rates of frenotomy to treat infant feeding difficulties have increased exponentially over the past two decades despite a paucity of randomized study demonstrating efficacy. […] Several validated tools for the evaluation of ankyloglossia severity exist in the published literature.

• #59 Tongue-tie in babies | NCT

  https://www.nct.org.uk/information/baby-toddler/feeding-your-baby-or-toddler/tongue-tie-babies

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) occurs if the frenulum either extends forwards towards the tip of the tongue, is attached close to the lower gum, or is short and tight so it interferes with normal tongue movement (Oakley, 2021). […] A tongue-tie is diagnosed by the baby’s tongue function too what they can do with their tongue. It can only be diagnosed by a qualified tongue-tie practitioner (NHS, 2020). […] A posterior tongue-tie, which may be described as a 10% tongue-tie, can restrict tongue function just as much as an anterior one. That means these anatomical descriptions of how the tongue looks don’t always relate to how severely a tongue-tie will affect tongue function and your baby’s feeding (Oakley, 2021). […] Tongue-tie division is a safe procedure that can improve the breastfeeding problems that tongue-tie causes (NICE, 2005).

• #60

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8522341/

  Ankyloglossia is defined as a congenital malformation that alters lingua mobility and function. It is listed as one of the possible reasons behind problems with breastfeeding. […] The most frequent surgical procedure performed in newborns with symptomatic ankyloglossia is frenulotomy. It is a simple procedure with a low risk of complications. […] The literature widely describes the influence of ankyloglossia on difficulties in breastfeeding. According to Messner et al. 25% of the newborns with a short lingual frenulum experience such problems. A short lingual frenulum may impede proper nipple latch and seal during breastfeeding. […] Such problems may provoke the mothers discouragement, thus leading to premature weaning and switching to a bottle. […] The procedure itself involves cutting the lingual frenulum with surgical scissors after stabilizing the tongue with the fingers or spatula.

• #61

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8522341/

  Ankyloglossia is defined as a congenital malformation that alters lingua mobility and function. It is listed as one of the possible reasons behind problems with breastfeeding. […] The most frequent surgical procedure performed in newborns with symptomatic ankyloglossia is frenulotomy. It is a simple procedure with a low risk of complications. […] The literature widely describes the influence of ankyloglossia on difficulties in breastfeeding. According to Messner et al. 25% of the newborns with a short lingual frenulum experience such problems. A short lingual frenulum may impede proper nipple latch and seal during breastfeeding. […] Such problems may provoke the mothers discouragement, thus leading to premature weaning and switching to a bottle. […] The procedure itself involves cutting the lingual frenulum with surgical scissors after stabilizing the tongue with the fingers or spatula.

• #62 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378456

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] If necessary, tongue-tie can be treated with a surgical cut to release the frenulum (frenotomy). […] If additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy, a more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be an option. […] A more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be recommended if additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy. […] Possible complications of a frenuloplasty are like those of a frenotomy and are rare bleeding or infection, or damage to the tongue or salivary glands.

• #63 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Tongue-tie can interfere with the ability to make certain sounds such as „t,” „d,” „z,” „s,” „th,” „n” and „l.” […] Surgical treatment of tongue-tie may be needed for infants, children or adults if tongue-tie causes problems. […] A more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be recommended if additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy.

• #64 Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378456

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue’s tip to the floor of the mouth. […] If necessary, tongue-tie can be treated with a surgical cut to release the frenulum (frenotomy). […] If additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy, a more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be an option. […] A more extensive procedure known as a frenuloplasty might be recommended if additional repair is needed or the lingual frenulum is too thick for a frenotomy. […] Possible complications of a frenuloplasty are like those of a frenotomy and are rare bleeding or infection, or damage to the tongue or salivary glands.

• #65 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts mobility of the tongue. […] Anterior ankyloglossia is defined as tongue ties with a prominent lingual frenulum and/or restricted tongue protrusion with tongue tip tethering. […] Mechanistically, infants with restrictive ankyloglossia cannot extend their tongues over the lower gum line to form a proper seal and therefore use their jaws to keep the breast in the mouth. […] Despite these studies, consensus on ankyloglossia’s role in breastfeeding difficulties is lacking. […] A minority of surveyed pediatricians (10%) and otolaryngologists (30%) believe it commonly affects feeding, while 69 percent of lactation consultants feel that it frequently causes breastfeeding problems.

• #66 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts mobility of the tongue. […] Anterior ankyloglossia is defined as tongue ties with a prominent lingual frenulum and/or restricted tongue protrusion with tongue tip tethering. […] Mechanistically, infants with restrictive ankyloglossia cannot extend their tongues over the lower gum line to form a proper seal and therefore use their jaws to keep the breast in the mouth. […] Despite these studies, consensus on ankyloglossia’s role in breastfeeding difficulties is lacking. […] A minority of surveyed pediatricians (10%) and otolaryngologists (30%) believe it commonly affects feeding, while 69 percent of lactation consultants feel that it frequently causes breastfeeding problems.

• #67 CG-SURG-122 Lingual Frenotomy for Ankyloglossia-Related Feeding Difficulties

  https://www.anthem.com/dam/medpolicies/abcbs/active/guidelines/gl_pw_e003198.html

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, occurs when the inferior lingual frenulum attaches to the bottom of the tongue in a location that restricts the tongues normal range of motion. […] Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a congenital anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is attached too near the tip of the tongue potentially resulting in restricted tongue movement which may interfere with breast and bottle feeding, speaking or effective oral hygiene. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia is estimated to occur in approximately 4-11% of newborns. […] The rates of frenotomy to treat infant feeding difficulties have increased exponentially over the past two decades despite a paucity of randomized study demonstrating efficacy. […] Several validated tools for the evaluation of ankyloglossia severity exist in the published literature.

• #68 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  The controversy regarding the effect of ankyloglossia on infant feeding could be due, at least in part, to the fact that not all affected infants experience breastfeeding difficulty. […] Despite these reports, the overall evidence for an association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties remains equivocal. […] In 2015, a systematic review sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) concluded that a small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in nipple pain, but with small, short-term studies with inconsistent methodology, the strength of the evidence is low to insufficient (Francis, Krishnaswami et al., 2015). […] In 2020, a panel of pediatric otolaryngologists recruited by the American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) created a clinical consensus statement (CCS) based on current evidence. They concluded that anterior ankyloglossia is a potential contributor to infant feeding difficulties and maternal pain; however, these symptoms can be present due to other etiologies (Messner et al., 2020).

• #69 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  The controversy regarding the effect of ankyloglossia on infant feeding could be due, at least in part, to the fact that not all affected infants experience breastfeeding difficulty. […] Despite these reports, the overall evidence for an association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties remains equivocal. […] In 2015, a systematic review sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) concluded that a small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in nipple pain, but with small, short-term studies with inconsistent methodology, the strength of the evidence is low to insufficient (Francis, Krishnaswami et al., 2015). […] In 2020, a panel of pediatric otolaryngologists recruited by the American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) created a clinical consensus statement (CCS) based on current evidence. They concluded that anterior ankyloglossia is a potential contributor to infant feeding difficulties and maternal pain; however, these symptoms can be present due to other etiologies (Messner et al., 2020).

• #70 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  Finally, in 2021, the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine published a position statement. In the statement they concluded that tongue-tie can affect neonatal feeding in some cases. […] The professional consensus on the possible relationship between ankyloglossia and speech disorders is that there is a common belief among the public that tongue-ties are a cause of speech disorders. […] However, relevant professionals have differing opinions regarding this assumption. […] It has been more than 20 years since this survey was published, and there is still no consensus on this issue within each profession or between the professions. […] In contrast, several recent high-quality systematic reviews did not find an association between ankyloglossia and speech disorders. […] In 2020, the AAO-HNS consensus group concluded that ankyloglossia does not typically affect speech (Messner et al., 2020).

• #71 Ankyloglossia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ankyloglossia/research-protocol

  Currently, the National Health Service (NHS) and the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) recommend treatment only if it interferes with breastfeeding. […] However, there are no prospective longitudinal data on the fate of the congenitally short lingual frenulum. […] Perhaps the best available evidence to date is provided by a recent systematic review that found frenotomy to be a well-tolerated and simple procedure that provides objective and subjective benefits in breastfeeding. […] These omissions are critical because it is clear that not all infants with ankyloglossia have breastfeeding difficulties, dysphagia, or cause maternal breast discomfort, and many adapt and respond to conservative therapy. […] Clarity is needed to help guide clinical and family decision-making about whether, when and how to intervene to address ankyloglossia, in particular in light of controversies about the topic and the limitations of the existing systematic reviews.

Zobacz więcej