Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482295/

  Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition that impairs tongue movement due to a restrictive lingual frenulum. […] This activity reviews the available data regarding the etiology, epidemiology, and common clinical findings of ankyloglossia. […] The prevalence of tongue-tie ranges from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] Also, an increase in the incidence of ankyloglossia was noticed in recent years, again mainly because of the several definitions of ankyloglossia being used by clinicians. […] This has led to overdiagnosing infants and children with tongue-tie and unnecessary surgery. […] Some less severe forms of tongue-tie may resolve spontaneously with time, explaining why its prevalence is higher in studies evaluating only newborns (1.72% to 10.7%) than in those investigating children, teenagers, and adults (0.1% to 2.08%). […] Regarding sex, ankyloglossia seems more prevalent in males; no racial preference is observed.

• #2 Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1949218/

  Ankyloglossia in children can lead to a range of problems, such as difficulties breastfeeding, speech impediments, poor oral hygiene, and being embarrassed by peers during childhood and adolescence. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia has been reported in several studies, but there is neither an accepted criterion standard nor clinically practical criteria for diagnosing the condition. […] Five studies using different diagnostic criteria found a prevalence of ankyloglossia of between 4% and 10%. […] The results of 6 non-randomized studies and 1 randomized study assessing the effectiveness of frenotomy for improving nipple pain, sucking, latch, and continuation of breastfeeding all suggested frenotomy was beneficial. […] Diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia are needed to allow for comparative studies of treatment.

• #3 Prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns and impact of frenotomy in a Baby-Friendly Hospital

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-11462021000500418

  Ankyloglossia is a relatively frequent finding on the NBs physical examination, with a reported prevalence that varies between 1% and 10% in the literature. […] This study demonstrates that ankyloglossia influences the correct initiation of breastfeeding and that an adequately indicated frenotomy has a positive impact on breastfeeding. […] We can conclude that ankyloglossia plays an essential role as a cause of breastfeeding difficulties.

• #4 Tongue-tie and breastfeeding problems | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/73/732/297

  Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) in babies is common and characterised by a short lingual frenulum that may restrict tongue tip mobility. Reported incidence varies from around 4% to 11%, and is thought to be increasing because of widening definitions of tongue-tie. With over 680,000 live births in the UK each year, around 60,000 babies may have tongue-tie, some of whose mothers will have difficulty breastfeeding and seek support from a health professional. However, most infants (75%) with tongue-tie are asymptomatic and do not have feeding problems. […] In high-income countries, rates of tongue-tie operations (frenotomy/frenulectomy the surgical division of the lingual frenulum) have more than quadrupled over 10 years. Operation rates are higher in babies of first-time mothers who are more affluent and/or have private health insurance.

• #4 Tongue-tie and breastfeeding problems | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/73/732/297

  There is a lack of agreement about diagnosis and treatment of tongue-tie both around the world and among different health professions, and guidance is also changing over time. Internationally this is reflected in variable guidance regarding tongue-tie operations: Japan, Canada, and the Netherlands advise against routine frenulectomy; Ireland is neutral; and UNICEF and the US mostly support operation if tongue-tie is causing feeding problems. […] GPs can support mothers concerned about breastfeeding problems and tongue-tie by explaining the limited evidence for the benefit of tongue-tie operations, and signposting to lactation experts. Engaging struggling breastfeeding mothers early will empower them to make an informed decision about the best care for them and their baby.

• #5 November JADA finds prevalence of tongue-tie varies based on how it’s diagnosed | American Dental Association

  https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2022/october/november-jada-finds-prevalence-of-tongue-tie-varies-based-on-how-its-diagnosed/

  Tongue-tie is more common among infants than children and adolescents, but its prevalence differs based on the assessment tool used to diagnose it, according to a study published in the November issue of The Journal of the American Dental Association. […] The cover story, „Prevalence of Ankyloglossia According to Different Assessment Tools: A Meta-Analysis,” looked at 71 studies, finding the overall prevalence of tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, was 5%. However, depending on the assessment tool, the prevalence ranged from 2% to 20%. […] The prevalence in infants was 7%, compared with 1% in children and 2% in adolescents. […] „This review can serve as the basis for sample size calculations in future epidemiological studies, enabling authors to choose the prevalence according to each assessment tool,” the authors said in the study. „However, there is no reference standard tool for diagnosing ankyloglossia, and no tool was validated. Thus, future clinical studies should seek to determine the best assessment tool for diagnosing ankyloglossia as well as evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of each tool. Future prospective studies should also investigate whether ankyloglossia remains in infants as they become older.”

• #6 Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) (Tongue-Tie) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/child-health/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie-tongue-tie/

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, has a varied prevalence rate, ranging from 0.1% to 10.7%. […] In recent years, there’s been an increase in tongue-tie diagnoses, mainly due to different definitions being used by medical professionals. […] Mild cases of tongue-tie often get better on their own over time. […] Studies focused on newborns report higher prevalence (1.72% to 10.7%) than those examining older people (0.1% to 2.08%). […] Tongue-tie appears to be more common in males. […] There doesn’t seem to be a prevalent racial group for the condition.

• #7 Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17931-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

  Anywhere from 1% to 11% of newborns have signs of ankyloglossia, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. The condition appears to be more common in boys. […] Pediatricians typically diagnose tongue-tie soon after a baby is born. They work with lactation consultants, who can identify whether variations in a babys tongue anatomy may cause breastfeeding difficulties. […] Just because a baby has a frenulum thats tighter or shorter than usual doesnt mean they have tongue-tie or need treatment. Healthcare providers only diagnose this condition in babies who have a restrictive lingual frenulum and limited tongue function. […] Your baby doesnt need any tests. Some healthcare providers use different grading systems or assessment tools that evaluate how well a babys tongue moves in their mouth. But they get the information they need just by looking at your babys tongue and feeling the lingual frenulum.

• #8 Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infants with Ankyloglossia: Does the Tongue–Tie Interfere with Growth Patterns? | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/87135

  The effect of ankyloglossia on breastfeeding remains unclear. […] Thought recent years, a general increase in publications about ankyloglossia, popularly known as tongue-tie, emerged as one of the major factors that could interfere with exclusive breastfeeding. […] Recently, a systematic review of the literature estimated a prevalence of 8% in babies under 1 year of age, with a higher prevalence being reported in male babies, in a ratio to a female sex of 1.5:1 to 2.6:1. […] The strength of evidence for the benefits of surgical treatment is limited; thus, other clinical therapies could be more beneficial if well implemented. […] Understanding that the general strategies for the infant should focus on supporting initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding and the remained controversies about the milk transfer rate and the possibility of failure to thrive of infants with ankyloglossia, this chapter is presented the result of a longitudinal study that assesses the growth of exclusive breastfeeding infants with and without ankyloglossia.

• #9 Ankyloglossia – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ankyloglossia

  The incidence of ankyloglossia has been reported as ranging from 0.02 percent to 4.8 percent. […] According to Lalakea and Messner, the different reports of incidence may be due to the lack of objective grading systems and uniform definitions of ankyloglossia. It has been found to occur more frequently in males than in females, with a 2.6:1 ratio. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia has been to shown to increase with maternal use of cocaine. […] Harris et al. examined 500 infants at a well-baby nursery and found that ankyloglossia occurred in 3.5 percent of non-drug users offspring and 10.4 percent of cocaine-users offspring. The study also found that ankyloglossia was not dependent on race. Limitations of this study include that examiners were not blinded to the purpose of the study and the effects of ankyloglossia in the infants were not assessed.

• #10

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/AAP-report-addresses-rise-in-tongue-tie-diagnoses-for-breastfeeding-concerns.aspx

  When breastfeeding difficulties arise, a growing number of infants are being diagnosed with ankyloglossia, also called „tongue tie.” […] The rate of ankyloglossia diagnoses in newborns range from 1.7% to 10.7%, according to three different studies focused on diagnoses in the United States, Canada, and England. One study found an almost 10-fold increase in the diagnosis of ankyloglossia between 1997 and 2012 and a further doubling between 2012 and 2016. […] Research on the effectiveness of frenotomy is limited, but two reviews suggest that frenotomy causes a short-term reduction in nipple pain among breastfeeding mothers and an inconsistent positive effect on infant breastfeeding, according to the clinical report.

• #11 Temporal trends in ankyloglossia and frenotomy in British Columbia, Canada, 2004-2013: a population-based study | CMAJ Open

  https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/4/1/E33

  Routine surveillance of congenital anomalies has shown recent increases in ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) in British Columbia, Canada. […] The population incidence of ankyloglossia increased by 70% (rate ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.01), from 5.0 per 1000 live births in 2004 to 8.4 per 1000 in 2013. […] The population rate of frenotomy increased by 89% (95% CI 52%-134%), from 2.8 per 1000 live births in 2004 to 5.3 per 1000 in 2013. […] Large temporal increases and substantial spatial variations in ankyloglossia and frenotomy rates were observed that may indicate a diagnostic suspicion bias and increasing use of a potentially unnecessary surgical procedure among infants. […] Recent surveillance activities carried out as part of routine monitoring of population perinatal health in the province of British Columbia led to the identification of a temporal increase in ankyloglossia (tongue-tie).

• #12 Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/ankyloglossia-breastfeeding

  Therefore, while several randomized trials and some cohort and cross-sectional prospective studies have shown some effectiveness for frenotomy in newborns who are having difficulties with breastfeeding due to ankyloglossia, they all have significant limitations. […] Based on available evidence, frenotomy cannot be recommended for all infants with ankyloglossia. There is no absolute relationship between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties. If an association between significant tongue-tie and major breastfeeding problems is identified and surgical intervention is deemed to be necessary, frenotomy should be performed by a clinician experienced with the procedure, using appropriate analgesia. […] Clear criteria are needed for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia, along with specific attention to characteristics of infants for whom a frenotomy would be of value to improve feeding.

• #12 Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/ankyloglossia-breastfeeding

  Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a relatively common congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum, which may restrict tongue tip mobility. […] The reported prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants is variable in the literature, reflecting the lack of a consistent definition. Estimates range from 4.2% to 10.7% in newborns. […] Several studies have examined the association of ankyloglossia with breastfeeding difficulties. One study compared the rates of ankyloglossia in infants attending outpatient clinics for breastfeeding difficulties with the general population of normal term newborns, and reported a higher incidence of ankyloglossia in infants with breastfeeding difficulties (12.8% versus 3.2%). […] In cases of ankyloglossia and significant breastfeeding difficulties, there is some evidence that frenotomy can improve feeding.

• #13 Incidence and Prevalence of Tongue-Tie | Springer Publishing

  https://connect.springerpub.com/highwire_display/entity_view/node/67889/full

  Currently, the most consistent ranges that I encounter are from 1.7% to 12% of the examined general population, but can be as high as 25% in infants with breastfeeding problems. […] In a literature review in 2005, Hall and Renfrew acknowledged that the true prevalence of ankyloglossia remained unknown, although they estimated 3%4% of newborns. […] After 2005, once the diagnosis of posterior tongue-tie (PTT) had been introduced, attempts to quantify incidence have remained of very poor quality, but estimates currently rest at between 4% and 10%. […] Between 2004 and 2013, the incidence of TT diagnosis in Canada increased by 70%; the rate of frenotomy increased by 90%. […] There are several definitions of tongue-tie as well several assessment tools reported in the literature. That fact makes the calculation of incidence rates more difficult as each professional or health center has different assessing criteria.

• #14 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  One of the most controversial issues among speech-language pathologists (SLPs), otolaryngologists, and pediatricians is the effect of ankyloglossia (also called tongue-tie) on infant feeding and speech production. Many believe that ankyloglossia can affect speech production, despite the lack of evidence. Therefore, I have written this month’s 20Q to provide guidance regarding the diagnosis of ankyloglossia and a summary of current research regarding its potential effects on function. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia is unclear, partly because the diagnosis is somewhat subjective. In addition, it is often made by professionals who use different diagnostic criteria and/or can’t determine if the frenulum negatively affects function. As such, estimates of prevalence range from .2% to well over 10%

• #14 20Q: Ankyloglossia – Myths and Evidence Regarding Its Effects on Function – Article 20681

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/20q-ankyloglossia-myths-and-evidence-20681

  Over the last few decades, the number of newborns diagnosed with ankyloglossia in developed countries has increased significantly. For example, Walsh et al. (2017) reported a fourfold increase in the diagnosis of ankyloglossia in newborns in the United States between 2003 and 2012. They also reported a fivefold increase in the number of frenotomies (surgery to release the frenulum) performed during the same period. Similar trends have been reported in other developed countries […] The association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding has been debated among medical professionals for decades […] In a survey of relevant practitioners, more than half of lactation consultants (69%) felt that ankyloglossia frequently causes breastfeeding problems. […] Despite these reports, the overall evidence for an association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties remains equivocal.

• #15 How Common Is Ankyloglossia in Infants | Charleston, SC

  https://www.sctonguetie.com/blog/how-common-is-ankyloglossia/

  Statistics for newborns put the incidence for tongue-tie at 4% 11%. These stats only include those babies born in a hospital setting. The statistics are much lower for children who are 6 years old or older, only between 2% and 3%. The United States saw a tenfold increase in diagnosis for ankyloglossia for hospital births over a fifteen-year period. […] This large increase is not due so much to an increase in the condition but rather an increase in the awareness of it. […] In the great scheme of things, AG may not be all that common; however, for those infants and mothers affected by it, tongue-tie can be a frustrating and painful condition.

• #16 CG-SURG-122 Lingual Frenotomy for Ankyloglossia-Related Feeding Difficulties

  https://www.anthem.com/dam/medpolicies/abcbs/active/guidelines/gl_pw_e003198.html

  Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, occurs when the inferior lingual frenulum attaches to the bottom of the tongue in a location that restricts the tongues normal range of motion. […] The prevalence of ankyloglossia is estimated to occur in approximately 4-11% of newborns. […] The rates of frenotomy to treat infant feeding difficulties have increased exponentially over the past two decades despite a paucity of randomized study demonstrating efficacy. […] Several validated tools for the evaluation of ankyloglossia severity exist in the published literature. […] A total of 21 studies (4 RCTS, 17 cohort studies) met inclusion criteria (n=1993). Breastfeeding self-efficacy, nipple pain and infant reflux improved significantly post-frenotomy and were sustained to 1 month. […] This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that breastfeeding self-efficacy, maternal pain, infant latch, and infant gastroesophageal reflux significantly improve after frenotomy in mother-infant dyads with breastfeeding difficulties and ankyloglossia.

• #16 CG-SURG-122 Lingual Frenotomy for Ankyloglossia-Related Feeding Difficulties

  https://www.anthem.com/dam/medpolicies/abcbs/active/guidelines/gl_pw_e003198.html

  AAPD recognizes that causes other than ankyloglossia are more common for breastfeeding difficulties and that, while frenulotomy for an infant with ankyloglossia can lead to an improvement in breastfeeding, not all infants with ankyloglossia require surgical intervention. […] Further randomized controlled trials and other prospective studies of high methodological quality are necessary to determine the indications and long-term effects of frenulotomy/frenulectomy.

• #17 Tongue-tie in neonates | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2021/08/perspectives/tongue-tie-neonates

  The extensive variation in the reported prevalence of ankyloglossia reflects the differing diagnostic criteria that are used. […] In one study, the condition was diagnosed in 3.2 % of breastfed neonates within 2 days of birth. […] In neonates referred because of breastfeeding problems, the prevalence of tongue-tie varies across studies from 12.8 % to 56 %. […] The large increase in prevalence in Norway may be due to increased focus on the condition, previous under-reporting or a tendency to overdiagnose in recent years. […] Several attempts have been made to devise classification and assessment criteria for infants, but to date there are no universally accepted criteria for use in diagnosis or treatment recommendations. […] The majority of children with tongue-tie do not have difficulties with breastfeeding, and children who have difficulties with breastfeeding often do not have tongue-tie.

• #17 Tongue-tie in neonates | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2021/08/perspectives/tongue-tie-neonates

  In recent years, an increasing proportion of neonates have had their tongue-tie cut owing to difficulties with breastfeeding. However, the evidence base in support of this intervention is weak. […] Ankyloglossia (’tongue-tie’) in neonates has received increasing attention both in Norway and internationally because many believe it to be a key cause of difficulties with breastfeeding. […] According to the Norwegian Patient Register, 2.8 % of neonates in Norway were diagnosed with tongue-tie in 2019, and 2.2 % underwent surgery on the tongue-tie within four weeks of birth. […] This year, seven times as many diagnoses were made and 13 times as many surgical procedures performed as in 2008. […] However, there is little consensus on the basis for the diagnosis, the associated symptoms, or the indication for treatment.

• #17 Tongue-tie in neonates | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2021/08/perspectives/tongue-tie-neonates

  Although the evidence for the effectiveness of clipping is limited, the majority of systematic reviews and guidelines suggest that clipping can be performed in an attempt to reduce breastfeeding problems if tongue-tie has also been diagnosed. […] There is scarcely a surgical procedure in Norway that is now performed more frequently in the neonatal period than the clipping of tongue-tie. The increase seen in recent years calls for additional caution to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

• #18

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/tongue-tie-in-babies-how-ankyloglossia-affects-breastfeeding.aspx

  In children with tongue tie, the band of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of their mouth is unusually short or tight. An estimated 4% to 10% of newborns have tongue tie. […] Although the condition has long been thought to cause breastfeeding issues, research hasn’t shown a clear link. Even so, tongue-tie release surgeries, called frenotomy, jumped by 110% since 2012 and has continued to climb since then. This has sparked controversy among child health providers and families. […] With far too few studies of tongue tie in nursing infants, we don’t have clear evidence to prove that surgery consistently helps. […] Less than half of all infants with physical signs of tongue tie have trouble nursing. In fact, one U.S. study of 115 babies referred for tongue-tie surgery found that 63% did not need the procedure to solve nursing issues.

• #18

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/tongue-tie-in-babies-how-ankyloglossia-affects-breastfeeding.aspx

  Although more studies are needed to confirm the role tongue tie plays in nursing, research does show that a tongue-tie release can relieve nipple discomfortat least in the short term. […] If you’ve heard your infant will need surgery now to prevent serious problems down the road, here are key facts to know: Tongue tie will NOT delay your child’s speech development. […] There’s no evidence that a tongue-tie release surgery will improve dental health or prevent sleep apnea later in life. […] Nursing newborns with possible signs of tongue tie should be closely monitored in the first few days of life. […] The AAP supports new research to develop a simpler and more consistent way to diagnose tongue tie in newborns and infants, and clear guidelines for when tongue-tie surgery is needed.

• #19 Temporal trends in ankyloglossia and frenotomy in British Columbia, Canada, 2004-2013: a population-based study | CMAJ Open

  https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/4/1/E33

  The unexpected increase in ankyloglossia in the province was initially categorized as an incidental finding and dismissed as being of no clinical or public health importance. […] The temporal increase in frenotomy rates paralleled the temporal increase in ankyloglossia rates, and annual rates of ankyloglossia and frenotomy were closely correlated (correlation coefficient 0.98, p 0.001). […] The observed increase in the diagnosis of ankyloglossia appears to be a consequence of increased surveillance secondary to the focus on breastfeeding initiation and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. […] The wide spatial variation evident in population rates of frenotomy suggests arbitrary differences in practice patterns with regard to such surgery for newborns.

• #20 How dangerous is tongue-tie?

  https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220322-how-dangerous-is-tongue-tie

  Tongue-tie, a genetic condition, is gaining attention from medical experts and families around the world. […] The condition is thought to be genetic, and has been known for millennia, but can be hard to diagnose. In the United States, about 8% of children under one-year-old suffer from it, according to a review published in 2020. […] Experts say that awareness of it has been rising around the world in recent years, and some countries have seen a more than 10-fold increase in diagnosed cases. In the US, both the number of tongue-tie diagnoses, and tongue-tie surgeries, have soared. […] The results of their global study, published in 2018, noted that the diagnosis of tongue-tie had risen more than 10-fold in some countries, varied considerably around the world and that greater efforts to standardise care were needed.

Zobacz więcej