Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  Chronic cough is one of the commonest complaints requiring medical attention that significantly impacts on the patients quality of life. […] In this review, we focus on chronic cough prevalence, risk factors, and health burden among the general adult population based on recent reports, which will be helpful for a better understanding of the global burden of chronic cough. […] Although there is a growing literature on the prevalence of chronic cough in the general population from different countries, the prevalence of chronic cough in different populations cannot be directly compared because of the use of varying definitions of chronic cough. Generally, the prevalence of chronic cough is higher in Europe and North America than in Asia. […] Chronic cough is a common symptom in the general population that can be associated with a deterioration of quality of life and with increased burden.

• #2 Chronic cough: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

  https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/ccepdm

  Chronic cough significantly impacts physical and mental well-being, disrupting daily life and potentially leading to complications if underlying conditions remain untreated. […] Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] The underlying conditions triggering chronic cough, if untreated, may escalate, potentially causing complications and compromising respiratory function. […] Multiple mechanisms and aetiologies may underlie chronic cough, making the disorder challenging to treat. […] Recent advances are improving our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to cough hypersensitivity and excessing coughing, paving the way for new therapies. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough.

• #3 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998. […] The prevalence of chronic cough in the general population in different countries from recent studies is shown in Table 2. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #4 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1052565

  Defining Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature […] Recent evidence suggests a global burden of chronic cough in general populations. However, the definitions vary greatly among epidemiological studies, and none have been validated for clinical relevance. […] A systematic review was conducted for epidemiological surveys that reported the prevalence of chronic cough in general adult populations during the years 1980 to 2013. […] A total of 70 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common epidemiological definition was identified as 'cough 3 months’ duration without specification of phlegm; however, it conflicted with the cutoff duration in current clinical guidelines (cough 8 weeks). […] This study identified major issues in defining chronic cough in future epidemiological studies. The conflict between epidemiological and clinical diagnostic criteria needs to be resolved.

• #5 Chronic cough: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

  https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/ccepdm

  Chronic cough significantly impacts physical and mental well-being, disrupting daily life and potentially leading to complications if underlying conditions remain untreated. […] Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] The underlying conditions triggering chronic cough, if untreated, may escalate, potentially causing complications and compromising respiratory function. […] Multiple mechanisms and aetiologies may underlie chronic cough, making the disorder challenging to treat. […] Recent advances are improving our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to cough hypersensitivity and excessing coughing, paving the way for new therapies. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough.

• #6 Preparing for a New Era in Chronic Cough Management

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/preparing-for-a-new-era-in-chronic-cough-management

  Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults, accounts for approximately 16 million outpatient visits per year. Chronic cough exerts a significant burden on the quality of life of patients, which is often why they initially seek treatment. Various factors have contributed to the high cost associated with the burden of chronic cough, from multiple referrals and unnecessary repeat testing to polypharmacy and development of comorbidities due to lack of proper treatment. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults or 4 weeks or more in children, accounts for about 16 million outpatient visits each year. The condition affects 8% to 10% of the population. Chronic cough accounts for up to 38% of a pulmonologists outpatient practice. RCC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis of chronic cough can involve numerous tests for common causes and comorbidities. Most patients visit their physicians at least 3 times, and 53% are diagnosed with an underlying condition. Patients may consult up to 6 medical providers while their symptoms persist for a median of almost 7 years. Cough is the most common reason for primary care visits, with up to 85% receiving prescriptions for treatment. Despite these high prescribing rates, the majority of patients report no symptom improvement. An average of $3266 is attributed to annual medical costs per patient (including prescription medications, office visits, and hospitalizations). Emergency department visits and hospital utilization due to negative sequelae of continued coughing also contribute to the increased cost of managing chronic cough. Successful treatment of chronic cough is dependent on identifying the underlying cause. Given the known association between chronic cough diagnosis and history of smoking in patients, smoking-cessation treatment options should be offered first line for patients. Patients with asthma, especially cough-variant asthma (in which cough is the sole or predominant symptom), usually benefit from treatment with an oral or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Chronic cough is also linked to high rates of anxiety, as almost half of the patients evaluated in a specialty clinic reported in a study. Guideline development is complicated given limited evidence and access to standardized assessments and diagnostic tools. Finding effective treatment for chronic cough, especially RCC, poses a challenge. Although there are some differences, the CHEST and ERS guidelines offer treatment algorithms to help appropriately diagnose and treat patients with chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment of UCC/RCC can lead to considerable patient frustration and increased costs due to extensive testing and numerous primary care and specialty visits. Existing guidelines (eg, CHEST and ERS) may be used to inform organizational policies on diagnosis and continued treatment of UCC/RCC. The introduction of new, targeted therapies may dramatically change the treatment landscape.

• #7 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998, leading to increasing numbers of publications on the prevalence of cough in the general population that confirm an increased trend. […] Based on these reports, Song and colleagues reported that the global prevalence of chronic cough was 9.6% by pooled analyses in 2015. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #8 Overview of Chronic Cough

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-chronic-cough

  The estimated global prevalence of chronic cough (CC) is close to 10%; however, this is likely higher, as many epidemiologic surveys do not adequately capture symptoms or diagnoses of CC. […] A considerable limitation to an accurate understanding of the prevalence of CC is the lack of a standardized definition in the literature. A meta-analysis reported 19 different definitions among 90 studies. […] In a survey completed in the United States, a weighted prevalence of 5% of people (approximately 12.2 million adults) reported experiencing CC in the previous 12 months. […] The global prevalence of CC in adults was reported to be almost 10% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%) in a meta-analysis. […] One survey reported the prevalence of CC to be higher in women than men (5.2% vs 4.7%; P = .01). […] As approximately two-thirds of people presenting with CC are women, gender differences are likely present and may be due to anatomy differences as well as increased cough reflex sensitivity in adult women. […] In a separate meta-analysis, the regional prevalence of current smoking was correlated with regional cough prevalence.

• #9 Chronic Cough Market Share, Growth & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/chronic-cough-market

  An estimated 10% of adults worldwide with chronic cough report adverse psychosocial and physical impacts such as weariness, depression, and disruptions in social contacts, sleep, and work. […] Chronic cough was most common in smokers, ranging from 27-44%, and was lower in former (7-21%) and nonsmokers (6-15%). […] Chronic cough is more common in men and rises with age. […] Chronic cough was shown to be more common in people who had respiratory, cardiovascular, mental health, chronic pain, or diabetic conditions. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of chronic cough across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of chronic cough? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #10 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  Chronic cough is believed to have a high disease burden both directly (economic burden, healthcare resource utilization) and indirectly (comorbidities and concomitant symptoms, lung function, impact on life quality). […] Chronic cough is a common complaint in the clinic that is drawing more attention worldwide. The reported prevalence varies widely among the general population, mainly due to geographical differences, as well as the variable definition of chronic cough. Thus, there is an urgent need for epidemiological surveys using a standard definition of chronic cough (e.g., cough 8 weeks) in representative populations from different countries.

• #11 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998. […] The prevalence of chronic cough in the general population in different countries from recent studies is shown in Table 2. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #12 Chronic Cough – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/chronic-cough

  Chronic cough is a worldwide issue. Recent studies show it is a more common diagnosis in certain regions (Australia, NZ report >20% incidence while North America and Europe range 10-15% of the population) with less reports in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The reasons for this variability are unclear. It may be due to under-reporting or patients being diagnosed with other conditions such as asthma, or allergy. […] However, even though different regions define chronic cough differently, the relationships between region and chronic cough prevalence seems consistent in many studies. It is possible that there are environmental or genetic factors influencing them. […] There are several new drugs in clinical trials for chronic cough. […] GAAPP aims to help support research that will find safe treatments for idiopathic cough (of unknown causes, also called refractory cough when it does not respond to treatments.

• #13 Overview of Chronic Cough

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-chronic-cough

  The estimated global prevalence of chronic cough (CC) is close to 10%; however, this is likely higher, as many epidemiologic surveys do not adequately capture symptoms or diagnoses of CC. […] A considerable limitation to an accurate understanding of the prevalence of CC is the lack of a standardized definition in the literature. A meta-analysis reported 19 different definitions among 90 studies. […] In a survey completed in the United States, a weighted prevalence of 5% of people (approximately 12.2 million adults) reported experiencing CC in the previous 12 months. […] The global prevalence of CC in adults was reported to be almost 10% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%) in a meta-analysis. […] One survey reported the prevalence of CC to be higher in women than men (5.2% vs 4.7%; P = .01). […] As approximately two-thirds of people presenting with CC are women, gender differences are likely present and may be due to anatomy differences as well as increased cough reflex sensitivity in adult women. […] In a separate meta-analysis, the regional prevalence of current smoking was correlated with regional cough prevalence.

• #14 Prevalence of chronic cough in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pulmonary Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-022-01847-w

  Understanding the epidemiologic patterns of chronic cough in the Chinese population will lead to a better management of this disease in China and provide data to estimate the burden of chronic cough worldwide. […] The overall pooled prevalence of chronic cough was 6.22% (95% CI 5.037.41%) in adults and 7.67% (95% CI 6.249.11%) in children. […] Our meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of chronic cough in China is 7.11% (6.22% in adults and 7.67% in children), suggesting that more than 90 million individuals in China are suffering from this condition. […] The prevalence of chronic cough in children decreased during the past five years, compared with that between 2005 and 2014. […] The present study has several strengths. Firstly, many studies focused on patients with chronic cough in specialized care centers or in general practitioner’s office and reported the proportion of chronic cough based on population for medical care. However, the proportion only based on population for medical care would overestimate the prevalence of general population. To our knowledge, our study is the first comprehensive review on the prevalence of chronic cough in China. […] The differences between northern and southern China suggest that the prevalence of chronic cough might be influenced by environmental factors.

• #15 Characteristics, demographics, and epidemiology of possible chronic cough in Sweden: A nationwide register-based cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0303804

  In this observational study, possible chronic cough (PCC) was identified in 0.8% of the Swedish adult population, using national pharmacy and secondary care registers. When primary care register data from a single healthcare region was added to the national cohort, the prevalence of PCC in that region increased to 1.8%. The highest prevalence was found in middle-aged adults, higher among females than males. Individuals with PCC were mostly managed in primary care, where also most cough medications were prescribed. […] This nationwide observational register-based study contributes to a better understanding of individuals affected by refractory or unexplained chronic cough. Possible chronic cough (PCC) is more prevalent in females and increases with age with a peak around 40-69 years. The majority of individuals with PCC had frequently dispensed medical prescriptions, and a long history of PCC, although often without receiving a formal cough diagnosis. Pharmacological therapy often included the use of opioids. Most individuals with PCC were treated in primary care, without secondary care specialist referrals. This signifies a need for increased awareness of the condition, better treatments, and improved access to specialist care. Further studies are needed to establish how well register-based cohorts of PCC represent chronic cough individuals in general, and how severely they are affected by their cough, to further increase the understanding of this debilitating condition and improve patient care.

• #16 Epidemiology of unexplained chronic cough in adults: a population-based study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10204850/

  Chronic cough is defined in adults as a cough that lasts for 8 weeks. It affects 21.8% of adults and is commonly associated with smoking and medical conditions such as asthma and COPD. Importantly, rather than being a symptom of underlying disease, unexplained chronic cough (UCC) may exist as a distinct entity characterised by neural hypersensitivity and neuroimmune dysfunction, also known as cough hypersensitivity syndrome. UCC has significant psychosocial impact on patients and it is difficult to treat. As there is no approved treatment for UCC at present, patients with UCC undergo therapeutic trials with a variety of medications, which sometimes result in unsatisfactory treatment response and adverse effects. […] According to existing literature, the prevalence of UCC ranges from 0.4% to 1.3% in the general adult population, and accounts for 1.4% to 8.7% of chronic cough cases in adults presenting to primary care and cough clinics. However, most of these studies were not population-based and did not primarily investigate the epidemiology of UCC in the general adult population, but rather in a healthcare setting. Presently, there are limited data on the epidemiological trends of UCC in adults. Therefore, we studied the prevalence, incidence and persistence of UCC in adult and elderly participants from the Rotterdam Study, a large prospective population-based cohort study.

• #17 Epidemiology of unexplained chronic cough in adults: a population-based study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10204850/

  The overall baseline period prevalence of chronic cough was 10.9%. Of the 1073 prevalent chronic cough cases, 21.2% (n=228) were unexplained, representing an overall baseline period prevalence of UCC of 2.3% (95% CI 2.0-2.6%). The prevalence of UCC according to age strata was 2.0% (95% CI 1.7-2.4%) in participants aged 70 years, and 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.4%) in participants aged 70 years. In general, UCC was more prevalent after the seventh decade of life. […] Our findings suggest that approximately one in five (21.2%) of all chronic cough cases in the general adult population are unexplained by common risk factors and associated medical conditions such as asthma, COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis, GORD and ACE-inhibitor use. The present study provides important insights into the epidemiology of UCC in a general population of adults and older subjects, demonstrating that two-thirds of UCC cases are self-limiting, and two-thirds of adults with persistently unexplained chronic cough and refractory chronic cough are women. […] In conclusion, UCC accounts for a considerable proportion of chronic cough cases in adults, and its persistent phenotype demonstrates female predominance. The demographic profile of adults with persistent UCC is similar to that of patients with cough hypersensitivity.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40258-022-00770-9

  Given the inability to measure cough frequency in clinical practice, Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) could be considered a proxy of treatment effectiveness. […] Refractory or unexplained chronic cough is a medical condition that seriously impacts patients HRQoL. […] The primary goal of treatment is to improve patients HRQoL by reducing the frequency and intensity of cough. […] Chronic cough can affect up to 10% of the general population. […] In approximately 40%-60% of these patients, cough could remain unresolved despite thorough investigation and treatment. […] Refractory Chronic Cough (RCC) persists despite optimal treatment of any underlying cough-related condition. […] Unexplained Chronic Cough (UCC) is a cough without an identifiable, underlying cough-related condition. […] The aetiology of RCC|UCC is not yet clear, although most recent research and expert opinion point to a hypersensitivity of airway sensory nerves as the common feature behind different chronic cough phenotypes.

• #19 Global Chronic Refractory Cough (CRC) Epidemiology Forecast Report 2021-2030: Focus on United States, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Japan – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210513005609/en/Global-Chronic-Refractory-Cough-CRC-Epidemiology-Forecast-Report-2021-2030-Focus-on-United-States-Germany-Spain-Italy-France-United-Kingdom-and-Japan—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  The total prevalent population of Chronic Cough in the 7 major markets was estimated to be 84,854,266 in 2020. […] The prevalent population of CRC in the 7 major markets was estimated to be 17,600,264 in 2020. […] The total diagnosed prevalent population of CRC in the 7 major markets was estimated to be 10,560,159 in 2020. In case of CRC patients in the United States, the diagnosed prevalent cases were 4,802,273 in 2020. […] The diagnosed prevalent population of CRC in the 7 MM is expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.48% during the forecast period 2021-2030. […] In the EU5 countries, the prevalent population of Chronic Cough was maximum in France with 8,799,771 cases followed by the United Kingdom with 8,682,007 cases in 2020. While, Spain accounted for the lowest diagnosed prevalent population of the indication with 5,708,813 cases in 2020. […] As per this analysis, Japan had 683,935 diagnosed prevalent cases of CRC in 2020. […] In the United States, the total prevalent cases of Chronic Cough comprised of 10,805,114 males and 29,213,828 females in 2020. […] The total number of diagnosed prevalent cases of CRC in IPF patients was 106,801 in the United States, in 2020.

• #20 Characteristics, demographics, and epidemiology of possible chronic cough in Sweden: A nationwide register-based cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0303804

  In this observational study, possible chronic cough (PCC) was identified in 0.8% of the Swedish adult population, using national pharmacy and secondary care registers. When primary care register data from a single healthcare region was added to the national cohort, the prevalence of PCC in that region increased to 1.8%. The highest prevalence was found in middle-aged adults, higher among females than males. Individuals with PCC were mostly managed in primary care, where also most cough medications were prescribed. […] This nationwide observational register-based study contributes to a better understanding of individuals affected by refractory or unexplained chronic cough. Possible chronic cough (PCC) is more prevalent in females and increases with age with a peak around 40-69 years. The majority of individuals with PCC had frequently dispensed medical prescriptions, and a long history of PCC, although often without receiving a formal cough diagnosis. Pharmacological therapy often included the use of opioids. Most individuals with PCC were treated in primary care, without secondary care specialist referrals. This signifies a need for increased awareness of the condition, better treatments, and improved access to specialist care. Further studies are needed to establish how well register-based cohorts of PCC represent chronic cough individuals in general, and how severely they are affected by their cough, to further increase the understanding of this debilitating condition and improve patient care.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/03310/point_prevalence_and_epidemiological.36.aspx

  The estimated prevalence of current cough in the Korean general adult population (aged 18 years) was 5.9 0.3%. In terms of cough duration, the prevalences of acute (3 weeks), subacute (38 weeks), and chronic cough (8 weeks) were 2.5 0.2%, 0.8 0.1%, and 2.6 0.2%, respectively. […] The prevalence of chronic cough increased significantly with age (likelihood-ratio chi-squared test: P 0.001), whereas acute or subacute cough did not. […] The subjects with chronic cough showed distinct characteristics from negative controls in various ways; chronic cough (vs no current cough) was significantly associated with older age, male sex, smoking history, blue-collar occupation, low household income, a chest x-ray abnormality, CRS and several comorbidities (self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma, pulmonary TB, and diabetes mellitus).

• #22 Chronic Cough | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20074

  Chronic cough has a global prevalence of 3% to 18% in the general adult population and is affected by several factors, such as smoking and age. Eighteen percent of adults in the United States who smoke have chronic coughs. The prevalence is variable, however, based on the location of the population studied. Chronic cough was significantly more frequent in Europe and America than in Asia and Africa. However, the geographic variation is not genetic or ethnically related. The regional variation in chronic cough prevalence may be attributed to environmental factors, particularly urbanization in Western countries, which can lead to increased inhalational exposure to irritants. […] The findings from the KNHANES 20102012 study indicate that the prevalence of chronic cough increases significantly with age. The odds ratio (OR) of 2.20 and 95% confidence interval of 1.53 to 3.16 suggests a substantial increase in the likelihood of chronic cough among individuals 65 or older compared to those aged 18 to 39. This finding aligns with the general trend observed in various studies, where chronic cough becomes more prevalent in older age groups. The cumulative effects of environmental exposures over time may also play a role.

• #23 Overview of Chronic Cough

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-chronic-cough

  The estimated global prevalence of chronic cough (CC) is close to 10%; however, this is likely higher, as many epidemiologic surveys do not adequately capture symptoms or diagnoses of CC. […] A considerable limitation to an accurate understanding of the prevalence of CC is the lack of a standardized definition in the literature. A meta-analysis reported 19 different definitions among 90 studies. […] In a survey completed in the United States, a weighted prevalence of 5% of people (approximately 12.2 million adults) reported experiencing CC in the previous 12 months. […] The global prevalence of CC in adults was reported to be almost 10% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%) in a meta-analysis. […] One survey reported the prevalence of CC to be higher in women than men (5.2% vs 4.7%; P = .01). […] As approximately two-thirds of people presenting with CC are women, gender differences are likely present and may be due to anatomy differences as well as increased cough reflex sensitivity in adult women. […] In a separate meta-analysis, the regional prevalence of current smoking was correlated with regional cough prevalence.

• #24 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e273

  Chronic cough is a common symptom encountered by healthcare practitioners. The global prevalence of chronic cough is 9.6%, with a female predominance. The aim of our study is to reveal the sex differences in prevalence and severity of chronic cough in South Korea, stratified by age and etiology. […] The chronic cough population in Korea was predominantly female, with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.03. Female patients were older and had a higher prevalence of asthma/CVA than male patients. However, cough duration and severity were not different between the sexes. […] Global epidemiologic studies have repeatedly demonstrated sex-related differences in chronic cough. The male-to-female ratio in South Korea was 1:2.03, which is consistent with the ratios reported in previous global reports. […] In conclusion, this study demonstrated that sex disparities in cough prevalence, demographic characteristics, and severity varied significantly according to age category and etiology. Our study findings could enhance the comprehension of cough-related pathophysiology, particularly with regard to age, sex, and etiology. Understanding and addressing the structure of sex-based differences could improve targeted screening and diagnostic strategies for chronic cough.

• #25 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e273

  Chronic cough is a common symptom encountered by healthcare practitioners. The global prevalence of chronic cough is 9.6%, with a female predominance. The aim of our study is to reveal the sex differences in prevalence and severity of chronic cough in South Korea, stratified by age and etiology. […] The chronic cough population in Korea was predominantly female, with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.03. Female patients were older and had a higher prevalence of asthma/CVA than male patients. However, cough duration and severity were not different between the sexes. […] Global epidemiologic studies have repeatedly demonstrated sex-related differences in chronic cough. The male-to-female ratio in South Korea was 1:2.03, which is consistent with the ratios reported in previous global reports. […] In conclusion, this study demonstrated that sex disparities in cough prevalence, demographic characteristics, and severity varied significantly according to age category and etiology. Our study findings could enhance the comprehension of cough-related pathophysiology, particularly with regard to age, sex, and etiology. Understanding and addressing the structure of sex-based differences could improve targeted screening and diagnostic strategies for chronic cough.

• #26 Overview of Chronic Cough

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-chronic-cough

  The estimated global prevalence of chronic cough (CC) is close to 10%; however, this is likely higher, as many epidemiologic surveys do not adequately capture symptoms or diagnoses of CC. […] A considerable limitation to an accurate understanding of the prevalence of CC is the lack of a standardized definition in the literature. A meta-analysis reported 19 different definitions among 90 studies. […] In a survey completed in the United States, a weighted prevalence of 5% of people (approximately 12.2 million adults) reported experiencing CC in the previous 12 months. […] The global prevalence of CC in adults was reported to be almost 10% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%) in a meta-analysis. […] One survey reported the prevalence of CC to be higher in women than men (5.2% vs 4.7%; P = .01). […] As approximately two-thirds of people presenting with CC are women, gender differences are likely present and may be due to anatomy differences as well as increased cough reflex sensitivity in adult women. […] In a separate meta-analysis, the regional prevalence of current smoking was correlated with regional cough prevalence.

• #27 Chronic cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cough

  The prevalence of chronic cough in many communities in Europe and the U.S. is 933% of the population. Chronic cough is three times more common in those who smoke compared to people who never smoke. […] The most important risk factors for chronic cough are tobacco smoking and working in a dusty job. Exposure to tobacco smoke in a home environment is also a risk factor for children due to second-hand smoke inhalation. […] Other causes of chronic cough include higher particulate matter concentrations in air, related to increase cough and sore throat in children. An increase in nitrogen dioxide has also shown a rising association with chronic cough syndrome.

• #28 Chronic cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cough

  The prevalence of chronic cough in many communities in Europe and the U.S. is 933% of the population. Chronic cough is three times more common in those who smoke compared to people who never smoke. […] The most important risk factors for chronic cough are tobacco smoking and working in a dusty job. Exposure to tobacco smoke in a home environment is also a risk factor for children due to second-hand smoke inhalation. […] Other causes of chronic cough include higher particulate matter concentrations in air, related to increase cough and sore throat in children. An increase in nitrogen dioxide has also shown a rising association with chronic cough syndrome.

• #29 Chronic Cough | Archivos de Bronconeumología

  https://www.archbronconeumol.org/en-chronic-cough-articulo-S1579212915003006

  Chronic cough (CC), or cough lasting more than 8 weeks, is the most common symptom encountered in outpatient medical practice. […] CC is a very common symptom in clinical practice, and prevalence in the general population ranges from 12% to 3.3%. […] It is closely related with tobacco use, and the prevalence of CC in smokers is 3 times that of never-smokers or former smokers. […] A higher prevalence of CC has also been associated with environmental pollution. […] During the initial contact with the CC patient, the physician should determine the general causes of CC and the associated warning symptoms. […] In all CC guidelines currently in use, if the patient has a normal chest X-ray, does not smoke and is not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), the causes associated with CC that will directly impact on the initial treatment are considered.

• #30 Chronic Cough Market Share, Growth & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/chronic-cough-market

  An estimated 10% of adults worldwide with chronic cough report adverse psychosocial and physical impacts such as weariness, depression, and disruptions in social contacts, sleep, and work. […] Chronic cough was most common in smokers, ranging from 27-44%, and was lower in former (7-21%) and nonsmokers (6-15%). […] Chronic cough is more common in men and rises with age. […] Chronic cough was shown to be more common in people who had respiratory, cardiovascular, mental health, chronic pain, or diabetic conditions. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of chronic cough across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of chronic cough? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #31 Chronic cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cough

  The prevalence of chronic cough in many communities in Europe and the U.S. is 933% of the population. Chronic cough is three times more common in those who smoke compared to people who never smoke. […] The most important risk factors for chronic cough are tobacco smoking and working in a dusty job. Exposure to tobacco smoke in a home environment is also a risk factor for children due to second-hand smoke inhalation. […] Other causes of chronic cough include higher particulate matter concentrations in air, related to increase cough and sore throat in children. An increase in nitrogen dioxide has also shown a rising association with chronic cough syndrome.

• #32 Chronic cough – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cough

  The prevalence of chronic cough in many communities in Europe and the U.S. is 933% of the population. Chronic cough is three times more common in those who smoke compared to people who never smoke. […] The most important risk factors for chronic cough are tobacco smoking and working in a dusty job. Exposure to tobacco smoke in a home environment is also a risk factor for children due to second-hand smoke inhalation. […] Other causes of chronic cough include higher particulate matter concentrations in air, related to increase cough and sore throat in children. An increase in nitrogen dioxide has also shown a rising association with chronic cough syndrome.

• #33 Prevalence of chronic cough in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pulmonary Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-022-01847-w

  Understanding the epidemiologic patterns of chronic cough in the Chinese population will lead to a better management of this disease in China and provide data to estimate the burden of chronic cough worldwide. […] The overall pooled prevalence of chronic cough was 6.22% (95% CI 5.037.41%) in adults and 7.67% (95% CI 6.249.11%) in children. […] Our meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of chronic cough in China is 7.11% (6.22% in adults and 7.67% in children), suggesting that more than 90 million individuals in China are suffering from this condition. […] The prevalence of chronic cough in children decreased during the past five years, compared with that between 2005 and 2014. […] The present study has several strengths. Firstly, many studies focused on patients with chronic cough in specialized care centers or in general practitioner’s office and reported the proportion of chronic cough based on population for medical care. However, the proportion only based on population for medical care would overestimate the prevalence of general population. To our knowledge, our study is the first comprehensive review on the prevalence of chronic cough in China. […] The differences between northern and southern China suggest that the prevalence of chronic cough might be influenced by environmental factors.

• #34

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  The impact of chronic cough on QoL is widely recognized, as it is being utilized as one of the key outcomes in clinical decision-making and guideline recommendations. […] Chronic cough constitutes a financial burden not only by reducing the work productivity of patients suffering from it but also by increasing their medical expenses. […] The associations between ambient air pollution and chronic cough were previously reviewed. However, household air pollution is another ongoing issue in developing countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region. […] The prevalence of reflux-associated cough was reported to be less than 5% in East Asian countries; however, the prevalence of reflux-related cough has been anticipated to steadily increase given the increase in the prevalence of obesity, GERD, and the number of people adopting the Western lifestyle and diet in the region.

• #35 Chronic Cough Market Share, Growth & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/chronic-cough-market

  An estimated 10% of adults worldwide with chronic cough report adverse psychosocial and physical impacts such as weariness, depression, and disruptions in social contacts, sleep, and work. […] Chronic cough was most common in smokers, ranging from 27-44%, and was lower in former (7-21%) and nonsmokers (6-15%). […] Chronic cough is more common in men and rises with age. […] Chronic cough was shown to be more common in people who had respiratory, cardiovascular, mental health, chronic pain, or diabetic conditions. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of chronic cough across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of chronic cough? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #36 Epidemiology and Healthcare Service Utilization among Adults with Chronic Cough

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/11/3230

  Chronic cough (CC) is a prevalent yet underexplored medical condition, with limited real-world data regarding its healthcare burden. This study investigates the epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and healthcare service utilization among patients with CC. The study included 91,757 PwCC, reflecting a prevalence of 5.5%. Of those, 59,296 patients (mean [SD] age, 53.9 [16.8] years; 59.6% females) were first diagnosed with CC during the study period, representing a 10-year incidence rate of 3.26% (95%CI: 3.24–3.29%). Diseases associated with the highest OR for CC included lung cancer (OR = 3.32; 95%CI: 2.90–4.25), whooping cough (OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 2.70–3.60), and respiratory infections (OR = 2.81; 95%CI: 2.74–2.88). Furthermore, PwCC demonstrated increased healthcare service utilization, leading to a higher adjusted annual estimated mean cost (USD 4038 vs. USD 1833, p < 0.001). Chronic cough emerges as a relatively prevalent complaint within community care, exerting a considerable economic burden. This study underscores the need for heightened awareness, comprehensive management strategies, and resource allocation to address the multifaceted challenges associated with chronic cough.

• #37 Chronic Cough | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20074

  In addition to age and smoking, the factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of chronic cough include obesity, atopy, asthma, COPD, GERD, ACE inhibitors, and sleep-disordered breathing. Other factors, such as air pollution and air quality, do not significantly affect the prevalence of chronic cough, and study results have been inconclusive, except for metal exposure.

• #38 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e273

  Chronic cough is a common symptom encountered by healthcare practitioners. The global prevalence of chronic cough is 9.6%, with a female predominance. The aim of our study is to reveal the sex differences in prevalence and severity of chronic cough in South Korea, stratified by age and etiology. […] The chronic cough population in Korea was predominantly female, with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.03. Female patients were older and had a higher prevalence of asthma/CVA than male patients. However, cough duration and severity were not different between the sexes. […] Global epidemiologic studies have repeatedly demonstrated sex-related differences in chronic cough. The male-to-female ratio in South Korea was 1:2.03, which is consistent with the ratios reported in previous global reports. […] In conclusion, this study demonstrated that sex disparities in cough prevalence, demographic characteristics, and severity varied significantly according to age category and etiology. Our study findings could enhance the comprehension of cough-related pathophysiology, particularly with regard to age, sex, and etiology. Understanding and addressing the structure of sex-based differences could improve targeted screening and diagnostic strategies for chronic cough.

• #39

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  The impact of chronic cough on QoL is widely recognized, as it is being utilized as one of the key outcomes in clinical decision-making and guideline recommendations. […] Chronic cough constitutes a financial burden not only by reducing the work productivity of patients suffering from it but also by increasing their medical expenses. […] The associations between ambient air pollution and chronic cough were previously reviewed. However, household air pollution is another ongoing issue in developing countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region. […] The prevalence of reflux-associated cough was reported to be less than 5% in East Asian countries; however, the prevalence of reflux-related cough has been anticipated to steadily increase given the increase in the prevalence of obesity, GERD, and the number of people adopting the Western lifestyle and diet in the region.

• #40 Chronic Cough | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20074

  Chronic cough has a global prevalence of 3% to 18% in the general adult population and is affected by several factors, such as smoking and age. Eighteen percent of adults in the United States who smoke have chronic coughs. The prevalence is variable, however, based on the location of the population studied. Chronic cough was significantly more frequent in Europe and America than in Asia and Africa. However, the geographic variation is not genetic or ethnically related. The regional variation in chronic cough prevalence may be attributed to environmental factors, particularly urbanization in Western countries, which can lead to increased inhalational exposure to irritants. […] The findings from the KNHANES 20102012 study indicate that the prevalence of chronic cough increases significantly with age. The odds ratio (OR) of 2.20 and 95% confidence interval of 1.53 to 3.16 suggests a substantial increase in the likelihood of chronic cough among individuals 65 or older compared to those aged 18 to 39. This finding aligns with the general trend observed in various studies, where chronic cough becomes more prevalent in older age groups. The cumulative effects of environmental exposures over time may also play a role.

• #41 Chronic Cough | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20074

  Chronic cough has a global prevalence of 3% to 18% in the general adult population and is affected by several factors, such as smoking and age. Eighteen percent of adults in the United States who smoke have chronic coughs. The prevalence is variable, however, based on the location of the population studied. Chronic cough was significantly more frequent in Europe and America than in Asia and Africa. However, the geographic variation is not genetic or ethnically related. The regional variation in chronic cough prevalence may be attributed to environmental factors, particularly urbanization in Western countries, which can lead to increased inhalational exposure to irritants. […] The findings from the KNHANES 20102012 study indicate that the prevalence of chronic cough increases significantly with age. The odds ratio (OR) of 2.20 and 95% confidence interval of 1.53 to 3.16 suggests a substantial increase in the likelihood of chronic cough among individuals 65 or older compared to those aged 18 to 39. This finding aligns with the general trend observed in various studies, where chronic cough becomes more prevalent in older age groups. The cumulative effects of environmental exposures over time may also play a role.

• #42 Chronic Cough – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/chronic-cough

  Chronic cough is a worldwide issue. Recent studies show it is a more common diagnosis in certain regions (Australia, NZ report >20% incidence while North America and Europe range 10-15% of the population) with less reports in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The reasons for this variability are unclear. It may be due to under-reporting or patients being diagnosed with other conditions such as asthma, or allergy. […] However, even though different regions define chronic cough differently, the relationships between region and chronic cough prevalence seems consistent in many studies. It is possible that there are environmental or genetic factors influencing them. […] There are several new drugs in clinical trials for chronic cough. […] GAAPP aims to help support research that will find safe treatments for idiopathic cough (of unknown causes, also called refractory cough when it does not respond to treatments.

• #43 Chronic Cough – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/chronic-cough

  Chronic cough is a worldwide issue. Recent studies show it is a more common diagnosis in certain regions (Australia, NZ report >20% incidence while North America and Europe range 10-15% of the population) with less reports in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The reasons for this variability are unclear. It may be due to under-reporting or patients being diagnosed with other conditions such as asthma, or allergy. […] However, even though different regions define chronic cough differently, the relationships between region and chronic cough prevalence seems consistent in many studies. It is possible that there are environmental or genetic factors influencing them. […] There are several new drugs in clinical trials for chronic cough. […] GAAPP aims to help support research that will find safe treatments for idiopathic cough (of unknown causes, also called refractory cough when it does not respond to treatments.

• #44 Chronic Cough – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/chronic-cough

  Chronic cough is a worldwide issue. Recent studies show it is a more common diagnosis in certain regions (Australia, NZ report >20% incidence while North America and Europe range 10-15% of the population) with less reports in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The reasons for this variability are unclear. It may be due to under-reporting or patients being diagnosed with other conditions such as asthma, or allergy. […] However, even though different regions define chronic cough differently, the relationships between region and chronic cough prevalence seems consistent in many studies. It is possible that there are environmental or genetic factors influencing them. […] There are several new drugs in clinical trials for chronic cough. […] GAAPP aims to help support research that will find safe treatments for idiopathic cough (of unknown causes, also called refractory cough when it does not respond to treatments.

• #45 Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Chronic Cough | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/etiology-and-clinical-patterns-of-chronic-cough-in-the-chest-clinic-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The common causes of chronic cough in the western world are upper airway cough syndrome (UAWCS), asthma, and GERD. […] In contrast, tuberculosis is a common cause in HIV-positive and negative patients in Southern Africa. […] It might be unrealistic to extrapolate the pattern of chronic cough in other regions of the world to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the geographical variation in the epidemiology of risk factors like tobacco smoking, HIV /AIDS, malnutrition, environmental pollution, and poverty. […] The leading causes of chronic cough in this study are different from the etiologies in western countries. The causes of cough from a sub-Saharan Africa perspective can be quite different from those reported from other parts of the world, and it would be erroneous to draw any definitive conclusions from other regions. Clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa and TB endemic countries should consider these geographical variations in epidemiology and clinical patterns when evaluating a patient presenting with chronic cough.

• #46 Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Chronic Cough | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/etiology-and-clinical-patterns-of-chronic-cough-in-the-chest-clinic-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The common causes of chronic cough in the western world are upper airway cough syndrome (UAWCS), asthma, and GERD. […] In contrast, tuberculosis is a common cause in HIV-positive and negative patients in Southern Africa. […] It might be unrealistic to extrapolate the pattern of chronic cough in other regions of the world to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the geographical variation in the epidemiology of risk factors like tobacco smoking, HIV /AIDS, malnutrition, environmental pollution, and poverty. […] The leading causes of chronic cough in this study are different from the etiologies in western countries. The causes of cough from a sub-Saharan Africa perspective can be quite different from those reported from other parts of the world, and it would be erroneous to draw any definitive conclusions from other regions. Clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa and TB endemic countries should consider these geographical variations in epidemiology and clinical patterns when evaluating a patient presenting with chronic cough.

• #47 Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Chronic Cough | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/etiology-and-clinical-patterns-of-chronic-cough-in-the-chest-clinic-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The burdens of chronic cough are mostly reported from Western and Asian countries. We aimed to determine the etiology and clinical patterns of chronic cough (CC) in the chest clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. […] The etiology and clinical patterns of chronic cough in this study are different from the western countries. When evaluating and managing chronic cough, clinicians in sub-Saharan Africa and TB endemic countries should consider these geographical variations in etiologies and clinical presentation. […] The global prevalence of chronic cough from a recent meta-analytic study was 10%. […] In a sampled population of urban North Central Nigeria, 20.6% had a cough in the previous 12 months, 3.8% had acute, and 1.1% had chronic cough. […] The most frequent causes of cough were COPD (33.5%), PTB (27.1%), and asthma (21.1%) which included 3 cases of cough variants of asthma (CVA).

• #48 Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Chronic Cough | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/etiology-and-clinical-patterns-of-chronic-cough-in-the-chest-clinic-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  The common causes of chronic cough in the western world are upper airway cough syndrome (UAWCS), asthma, and GERD. […] In contrast, tuberculosis is a common cause in HIV-positive and negative patients in Southern Africa. […] It might be unrealistic to extrapolate the pattern of chronic cough in other regions of the world to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the geographical variation in the epidemiology of risk factors like tobacco smoking, HIV /AIDS, malnutrition, environmental pollution, and poverty. […] The leading causes of chronic cough in this study are different from the etiologies in western countries. The causes of cough from a sub-Saharan Africa perspective can be quite different from those reported from other parts of the world, and it would be erroneous to draw any definitive conclusions from other regions. Clinicians working in sub-Saharan Africa and TB endemic countries should consider these geographical variations in epidemiology and clinical patterns when evaluating a patient presenting with chronic cough.

• #49 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  The risk factors of chronic cough from recent studies are listed in Table 3. […] Chronic cough is believed to have a high disease burden both directly (economic burden, healthcare resource utilization) and indirectly (comorbidities and concomitant symptoms, lung function, impact on life quality). […] Chronic cough is a common complaint in the clinic that is drawing more attention worldwide. The reported prevalence varies widely among the general population, mainly due to geographical differences, as well as the variable definition of chronic cough. Thus, there is an urgent need for epidemiological surveys using a standard definition of chronic cough (e.g., cough 8 weeks) in representative populations from different countries.

• #50 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  Chronic cough is believed to have a high disease burden both directly (economic burden, healthcare resource utilization) and indirectly (comorbidities and concomitant symptoms, lung function, impact on life quality). […] Chronic cough is a common complaint in the clinic that is drawing more attention worldwide. The reported prevalence varies widely among the general population, mainly due to geographical differences, as well as the variable definition of chronic cough. Thus, there is an urgent need for epidemiological surveys using a standard definition of chronic cough (e.g., cough 8 weeks) in representative populations from different countries.

• #51

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  The impact of chronic cough on QoL is widely recognized, as it is being utilized as one of the key outcomes in clinical decision-making and guideline recommendations. […] Chronic cough constitutes a financial burden not only by reducing the work productivity of patients suffering from it but also by increasing their medical expenses. […] The associations between ambient air pollution and chronic cough were previously reviewed. However, household air pollution is another ongoing issue in developing countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region. […] The prevalence of reflux-associated cough was reported to be less than 5% in East Asian countries; however, the prevalence of reflux-related cough has been anticipated to steadily increase given the increase in the prevalence of obesity, GERD, and the number of people adopting the Western lifestyle and diet in the region.

• #52 Chronic Cough Market Share, Growth & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/chronic-cough-market

  An estimated 10% of adults worldwide with chronic cough report adverse psychosocial and physical impacts such as weariness, depression, and disruptions in social contacts, sleep, and work. […] Chronic cough was most common in smokers, ranging from 27-44%, and was lower in former (7-21%) and nonsmokers (6-15%). […] Chronic cough is more common in men and rises with age. […] Chronic cough was shown to be more common in people who had respiratory, cardiovascular, mental health, chronic pain, or diabetic conditions. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of chronic cough across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of chronic cough? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #53 Epidemiology and Healthcare Service Utilization among Adults with Chronic Cough

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/11/3230

  The 5% prevalence of CC in our analysis was similar to a previous estimate from the Copenhagen General Population epidemiology study and the 2018 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) in the US, but lower than the global prevalence of 9.6% (7.6–11.7%) reported from a meta-analysis of 90 studies. Most previous studies were based on self-reported questionnaires that included CC as part of a general inquiry into respiratory symptoms, while a recent analysis of administrative data showed an annual prevalence of approximately 1%. […] The negative impact of CC on quality of life has been observed in several population-based surveys and is also associated with an increased likelihood of psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. In our study, more than one-third of PwCC had a documented diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Similar figures have been reported in several other studies.

• #54 Epidemiology and Healthcare Service Utilization among Adults with Chronic Cough

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/11/3230

  The 5% prevalence of CC in our analysis was similar to a previous estimate from the Copenhagen General Population epidemiology study and the 2018 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) in the US, but lower than the global prevalence of 9.6% (7.6–11.7%) reported from a meta-analysis of 90 studies. Most previous studies were based on self-reported questionnaires that included CC as part of a general inquiry into respiratory symptoms, while a recent analysis of administrative data showed an annual prevalence of approximately 1%. […] The negative impact of CC on quality of life has been observed in several population-based surveys and is also associated with an increased likelihood of psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. In our study, more than one-third of PwCC had a documented diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Similar figures have been reported in several other studies.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  The impact of chronic cough on QoL is widely recognized, as it is being utilized as one of the key outcomes in clinical decision-making and guideline recommendations. […] Chronic cough constitutes a financial burden not only by reducing the work productivity of patients suffering from it but also by increasing their medical expenses. […] The associations between ambient air pollution and chronic cough were previously reviewed. However, household air pollution is another ongoing issue in developing countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region. […] The prevalence of reflux-associated cough was reported to be less than 5% in East Asian countries; however, the prevalence of reflux-related cough has been anticipated to steadily increase given the increase in the prevalence of obesity, GERD, and the number of people adopting the Western lifestyle and diet in the region.

• #56 Epidemiology and Healthcare Service Utilization among Adults with Chronic Cough

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/11/3230

  Chronic cough (CC) is a prevalent yet underexplored medical condition, with limited real-world data regarding its healthcare burden. This study investigates the epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and healthcare service utilization among patients with CC. The study included 91,757 PwCC, reflecting a prevalence of 5.5%. Of those, 59,296 patients (mean [SD] age, 53.9 [16.8] years; 59.6% females) were first diagnosed with CC during the study period, representing a 10-year incidence rate of 3.26% (95%CI: 3.24–3.29%). Diseases associated with the highest OR for CC included lung cancer (OR = 3.32; 95%CI: 2.90–4.25), whooping cough (OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 2.70–3.60), and respiratory infections (OR = 2.81; 95%CI: 2.74–2.88). Furthermore, PwCC demonstrated increased healthcare service utilization, leading to a higher adjusted annual estimated mean cost (USD 4038 vs. USD 1833, p < 0.001). Chronic cough emerges as a relatively prevalent complaint within community care, exerting a considerable economic burden. This study underscores the need for heightened awareness, comprehensive management strategies, and resource allocation to address the multifaceted challenges associated with chronic cough.

• #57 Preparing for a New Era in Chronic Cough Management

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/preparing-for-a-new-era-in-chronic-cough-management

  Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults, accounts for approximately 16 million outpatient visits per year. Chronic cough exerts a significant burden on the quality of life of patients, which is often why they initially seek treatment. Various factors have contributed to the high cost associated with the burden of chronic cough, from multiple referrals and unnecessary repeat testing to polypharmacy and development of comorbidities due to lack of proper treatment. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults or 4 weeks or more in children, accounts for about 16 million outpatient visits each year. The condition affects 8% to 10% of the population. Chronic cough accounts for up to 38% of a pulmonologists outpatient practice. RCC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis of chronic cough can involve numerous tests for common causes and comorbidities. Most patients visit their physicians at least 3 times, and 53% are diagnosed with an underlying condition. Patients may consult up to 6 medical providers while their symptoms persist for a median of almost 7 years. Cough is the most common reason for primary care visits, with up to 85% receiving prescriptions for treatment. Despite these high prescribing rates, the majority of patients report no symptom improvement. An average of $3266 is attributed to annual medical costs per patient (including prescription medications, office visits, and hospitalizations). Emergency department visits and hospital utilization due to negative sequelae of continued coughing also contribute to the increased cost of managing chronic cough. Successful treatment of chronic cough is dependent on identifying the underlying cause. Given the known association between chronic cough diagnosis and history of smoking in patients, smoking-cessation treatment options should be offered first line for patients. Patients with asthma, especially cough-variant asthma (in which cough is the sole or predominant symptom), usually benefit from treatment with an oral or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Chronic cough is also linked to high rates of anxiety, as almost half of the patients evaluated in a specialty clinic reported in a study. Guideline development is complicated given limited evidence and access to standardized assessments and diagnostic tools. Finding effective treatment for chronic cough, especially RCC, poses a challenge. Although there are some differences, the CHEST and ERS guidelines offer treatment algorithms to help appropriately diagnose and treat patients with chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment of UCC/RCC can lead to considerable patient frustration and increased costs due to extensive testing and numerous primary care and specialty visits. Existing guidelines (eg, CHEST and ERS) may be used to inform organizational policies on diagnosis and continued treatment of UCC/RCC. The introduction of new, targeted therapies may dramatically change the treatment landscape.

• #58 Preparing for a New Era in Chronic Cough Management

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/preparing-for-a-new-era-in-chronic-cough-management

  Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults, accounts for approximately 16 million outpatient visits per year. Chronic cough exerts a significant burden on the quality of life of patients, which is often why they initially seek treatment. Various factors have contributed to the high cost associated with the burden of chronic cough, from multiple referrals and unnecessary repeat testing to polypharmacy and development of comorbidities due to lack of proper treatment. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults or 4 weeks or more in children, accounts for about 16 million outpatient visits each year. The condition affects 8% to 10% of the population. Chronic cough accounts for up to 38% of a pulmonologists outpatient practice. RCC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis of chronic cough can involve numerous tests for common causes and comorbidities. Most patients visit their physicians at least 3 times, and 53% are diagnosed with an underlying condition. Patients may consult up to 6 medical providers while their symptoms persist for a median of almost 7 years. Cough is the most common reason for primary care visits, with up to 85% receiving prescriptions for treatment. Despite these high prescribing rates, the majority of patients report no symptom improvement. An average of $3266 is attributed to annual medical costs per patient (including prescription medications, office visits, and hospitalizations). Emergency department visits and hospital utilization due to negative sequelae of continued coughing also contribute to the increased cost of managing chronic cough. Successful treatment of chronic cough is dependent on identifying the underlying cause. Given the known association between chronic cough diagnosis and history of smoking in patients, smoking-cessation treatment options should be offered first line for patients. Patients with asthma, especially cough-variant asthma (in which cough is the sole or predominant symptom), usually benefit from treatment with an oral or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Chronic cough is also linked to high rates of anxiety, as almost half of the patients evaluated in a specialty clinic reported in a study. Guideline development is complicated given limited evidence and access to standardized assessments and diagnostic tools. Finding effective treatment for chronic cough, especially RCC, poses a challenge. Although there are some differences, the CHEST and ERS guidelines offer treatment algorithms to help appropriately diagnose and treat patients with chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment of UCC/RCC can lead to considerable patient frustration and increased costs due to extensive testing and numerous primary care and specialty visits. Existing guidelines (eg, CHEST and ERS) may be used to inform organizational policies on diagnosis and continued treatment of UCC/RCC. The introduction of new, targeted therapies may dramatically change the treatment landscape.

• #59 Preparing for a New Era in Chronic Cough Management

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/preparing-for-a-new-era-in-chronic-cough-management

  Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults, accounts for approximately 16 million outpatient visits per year. Chronic cough exerts a significant burden on the quality of life of patients, which is often why they initially seek treatment. Various factors have contributed to the high cost associated with the burden of chronic cough, from multiple referrals and unnecessary repeat testing to polypharmacy and development of comorbidities due to lack of proper treatment. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults or 4 weeks or more in children, accounts for about 16 million outpatient visits each year. The condition affects 8% to 10% of the population. Chronic cough accounts for up to 38% of a pulmonologists outpatient practice. RCC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis of chronic cough can involve numerous tests for common causes and comorbidities. Most patients visit their physicians at least 3 times, and 53% are diagnosed with an underlying condition. Patients may consult up to 6 medical providers while their symptoms persist for a median of almost 7 years. Cough is the most common reason for primary care visits, with up to 85% receiving prescriptions for treatment. Despite these high prescribing rates, the majority of patients report no symptom improvement. An average of $3266 is attributed to annual medical costs per patient (including prescription medications, office visits, and hospitalizations). Emergency department visits and hospital utilization due to negative sequelae of continued coughing also contribute to the increased cost of managing chronic cough. Successful treatment of chronic cough is dependent on identifying the underlying cause. Given the known association between chronic cough diagnosis and history of smoking in patients, smoking-cessation treatment options should be offered first line for patients. Patients with asthma, especially cough-variant asthma (in which cough is the sole or predominant symptom), usually benefit from treatment with an oral or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Chronic cough is also linked to high rates of anxiety, as almost half of the patients evaluated in a specialty clinic reported in a study. Guideline development is complicated given limited evidence and access to standardized assessments and diagnostic tools. Finding effective treatment for chronic cough, especially RCC, poses a challenge. Although there are some differences, the CHEST and ERS guidelines offer treatment algorithms to help appropriately diagnose and treat patients with chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment of UCC/RCC can lead to considerable patient frustration and increased costs due to extensive testing and numerous primary care and specialty visits. Existing guidelines (eg, CHEST and ERS) may be used to inform organizational policies on diagnosis and continued treatment of UCC/RCC. The introduction of new, targeted therapies may dramatically change the treatment landscape.

• #60 Preparing for a New Era in Chronic Cough Management

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/preparing-for-a-new-era-in-chronic-cough-management

  Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults, accounts for approximately 16 million outpatient visits per year. Chronic cough exerts a significant burden on the quality of life of patients, which is often why they initially seek treatment. Various factors have contributed to the high cost associated with the burden of chronic cough, from multiple referrals and unnecessary repeat testing to polypharmacy and development of comorbidities due to lack of proper treatment. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting 8 weeks or more in adults or 4 weeks or more in children, accounts for about 16 million outpatient visits each year. The condition affects 8% to 10% of the population. Chronic cough accounts for up to 38% of a pulmonologists outpatient practice. RCC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Diagnosis of chronic cough can involve numerous tests for common causes and comorbidities. Most patients visit their physicians at least 3 times, and 53% are diagnosed with an underlying condition. Patients may consult up to 6 medical providers while their symptoms persist for a median of almost 7 years. Cough is the most common reason for primary care visits, with up to 85% receiving prescriptions for treatment. Despite these high prescribing rates, the majority of patients report no symptom improvement. An average of $3266 is attributed to annual medical costs per patient (including prescription medications, office visits, and hospitalizations). Emergency department visits and hospital utilization due to negative sequelae of continued coughing also contribute to the increased cost of managing chronic cough. Successful treatment of chronic cough is dependent on identifying the underlying cause. Given the known association between chronic cough diagnosis and history of smoking in patients, smoking-cessation treatment options should be offered first line for patients. Patients with asthma, especially cough-variant asthma (in which cough is the sole or predominant symptom), usually benefit from treatment with an oral or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Chronic cough is also linked to high rates of anxiety, as almost half of the patients evaluated in a specialty clinic reported in a study. Guideline development is complicated given limited evidence and access to standardized assessments and diagnostic tools. Finding effective treatment for chronic cough, especially RCC, poses a challenge. Although there are some differences, the CHEST and ERS guidelines offer treatment algorithms to help appropriately diagnose and treat patients with chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment of UCC/RCC can lead to considerable patient frustration and increased costs due to extensive testing and numerous primary care and specialty visits. Existing guidelines (eg, CHEST and ERS) may be used to inform organizational policies on diagnosis and continued treatment of UCC/RCC. The introduction of new, targeted therapies may dramatically change the treatment landscape.

• #61 Burden and impact of chronic cough in UK primary care: a dataset analysis | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/12/e054832

  The most comparable dataset to this study is that of the recently published CPRD-GOLD study. […] Our findings also align with respect to the finding that individuals with CC are frequently referred to a wide range of secondary care specialists and undergo multiple investigations. […] We have demonstrated increased outpatient costs following the index date for CC diagnosis in individuals with a range of common CC-associated comorbidities. […] The dataset used in this study provided a whole system view of the patient journey throughout their medical care, and enabled a direct assessment of CC on healthcare utilisation and quantification of the associated economic cost. […] In this cross-sectional primary-care based evaluation, CC was present in 2% of adults, contributing to considerable morbidity and health economic burden. One-third of individuals had ongoing CC symptoms in the absence of associated comorbidities.

• #62 Burden and impact of chronic cough in UK primary care: a dataset analysis | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/12/e054832

  The most comparable dataset to this study is that of the recently published CPRD-GOLD study. […] Our findings also align with respect to the finding that individuals with CC are frequently referred to a wide range of secondary care specialists and undergo multiple investigations. […] We have demonstrated increased outpatient costs following the index date for CC diagnosis in individuals with a range of common CC-associated comorbidities. […] The dataset used in this study provided a whole system view of the patient journey throughout their medical care, and enabled a direct assessment of CC on healthcare utilisation and quantification of the associated economic cost. […] In this cross-sectional primary-care based evaluation, CC was present in 2% of adults, contributing to considerable morbidity and health economic burden. One-third of individuals had ongoing CC symptoms in the absence of associated comorbidities.

• #63 Overview of Chronic Cough

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-chronic-cough

  The estimated global prevalence of chronic cough (CC) is close to 10%; however, this is likely higher, as many epidemiologic surveys do not adequately capture symptoms or diagnoses of CC. […] A considerable limitation to an accurate understanding of the prevalence of CC is the lack of a standardized definition in the literature. A meta-analysis reported 19 different definitions among 90 studies. […] In a survey completed in the United States, a weighted prevalence of 5% of people (approximately 12.2 million adults) reported experiencing CC in the previous 12 months. […] The global prevalence of CC in adults was reported to be almost 10% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%) in a meta-analysis. […] One survey reported the prevalence of CC to be higher in women than men (5.2% vs 4.7%; P = .01). […] As approximately two-thirds of people presenting with CC are women, gender differences are likely present and may be due to anatomy differences as well as increased cough reflex sensitivity in adult women. […] In a separate meta-analysis, the regional prevalence of current smoking was correlated with regional cough prevalence.

• #64 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998. […] The prevalence of chronic cough in the general population in different countries from recent studies is shown in Table 2. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #65 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998, leading to increasing numbers of publications on the prevalence of cough in the general population that confirm an increased trend. […] Based on these reports, Song and colleagues reported that the global prevalence of chronic cough was 9.6% by pooled analyses in 2015. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #66 AAIR :: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research

  https://e-aair.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.146

  Recent evidence suggests a global burden of chronic cough in general populations. However, the definitions vary greatly among epidemiological studies, and none have been validated for clinical relevance. […] A systematic review was conducted for epidemiological surveys that reported the prevalence of chronic cough in general adult populations during the years 1980 to 2013. […] A total of 70 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common epidemiological definition was identified as 'cough 3 months’ duration without specification of phlegm; however, it conflicted with the cutoff duration in current clinical guidelines (cough 8 weeks). […] This study identified major issues in defining chronic cough in future epidemiological studies. The conflict between epidemiological and clinical diagnostic criteria needs to be resolved. […] The unexpected difference in the gender predominance between the community and clinics warrants further studies. Clinical validation of the existing definition is required.

• #67 AAIR :: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research

  https://e-aair.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.146

  Recent evidence suggests a global burden of chronic cough in general populations. However, the definitions vary greatly among epidemiological studies, and none have been validated for clinical relevance. […] A systematic review was conducted for epidemiological surveys that reported the prevalence of chronic cough in general adult populations during the years 1980 to 2013. […] A total of 70 studies were included in the systematic review. The most common epidemiological definition was identified as 'cough 3 months’ duration without specification of phlegm; however, it conflicted with the cutoff duration in current clinical guidelines (cough 8 weeks). […] This study identified major issues in defining chronic cough in future epidemiological studies. The conflict between epidemiological and clinical diagnostic criteria needs to be resolved. […] The unexpected difference in the gender predominance between the community and clinics warrants further studies. Clinical validation of the existing definition is required.

• #68

  https://link.springer.com/collections/cghhgeiaei

  Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] The mechanisms/pathophysiology of cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] Diagnosis, screening and prevention. […] Management strategies. […] Psychosocial impact of chronic cough. […] Emerging research avenues for chronic cough management and treatment (e.g. personalized medicine).

• #69 Chronic Cough – Global Allergy & Airways Patient PlatformExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandToggle MenuScroll to topScroll to topExpandExpandExpandExpandExpandExpand

  https://gaapp.org/diseases/chronic-cough

  Chronic cough is a worldwide issue. Recent studies show it is a more common diagnosis in certain regions (Australia, NZ report >20% incidence while North America and Europe range 10-15% of the population) with less reports in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The reasons for this variability are unclear. It may be due to under-reporting or patients being diagnosed with other conditions such as asthma, or allergy. […] However, even though different regions define chronic cough differently, the relationships between region and chronic cough prevalence seems consistent in many studies. It is possible that there are environmental or genetic factors influencing them. […] There are several new drugs in clinical trials for chronic cough. […] GAAPP aims to help support research that will find safe treatments for idiopathic cough (of unknown causes, also called refractory cough when it does not respond to treatments.

• #70

  https://link.springer.com/collections/cghhgeiaei

  Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] The mechanisms/pathophysiology of cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] Diagnosis, screening and prevention. […] Management strategies. […] Psychosocial impact of chronic cough. […] Emerging research avenues for chronic cough management and treatment (e.g. personalized medicine).

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/collections/cghhgeiaei

  Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] The mechanisms/pathophysiology of cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] Diagnosis, screening and prevention. […] Management strategies. […] Psychosocial impact of chronic cough. […] Emerging research avenues for chronic cough management and treatment (e.g. personalized medicine).

• #72 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  There is an urgent need to apply the standard definition of chronic cough in future research, so that comparisons of the prevalence and other findings across populations can be made. […] Chronic cough has gained increasing attention in the late 20 years, with an increase in studies of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic cough carried out worldwide since the first Cough Guideline published in 1998, leading to increasing numbers of publications on the prevalence of cough in the general population that confirm an increased trend. […] Based on these reports, Song and colleagues reported that the global prevalence of chronic cough was 9.6% by pooled analyses in 2015. […] Considering the difference in the definitions of chronic cough used, it is difficult to directly compare the prevalence of chronic cough among different countries or ethnicities. However, one can surmise that the prevalence of chronic cough in Europe and North America is higher than in Asia, which is consistent with the systematic review performed by Song and colleagues in 2015.

• #73 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e273

  Chronic cough is a common symptom encountered by healthcare practitioners. The global prevalence of chronic cough is 9.6%, with a female predominance. The aim of our study is to reveal the sex differences in prevalence and severity of chronic cough in South Korea, stratified by age and etiology. […] The chronic cough population in Korea was predominantly female, with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.03. Female patients were older and had a higher prevalence of asthma/CVA than male patients. However, cough duration and severity were not different between the sexes. […] Global epidemiologic studies have repeatedly demonstrated sex-related differences in chronic cough. The male-to-female ratio in South Korea was 1:2.03, which is consistent with the ratios reported in previous global reports. […] In conclusion, this study demonstrated that sex disparities in cough prevalence, demographic characteristics, and severity varied significantly according to age category and etiology. Our study findings could enhance the comprehension of cough-related pathophysiology, particularly with regard to age, sex, and etiology. Understanding and addressing the structure of sex-based differences could improve targeted screening and diagnostic strategies for chronic cough.

• #74 Chronic Cough Market Share, Growth & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/chronic-cough-market

  An estimated 10% of adults worldwide with chronic cough report adverse psychosocial and physical impacts such as weariness, depression, and disruptions in social contacts, sleep, and work. […] Chronic cough was most common in smokers, ranging from 27-44%, and was lower in former (7-21%) and nonsmokers (6-15%). […] Chronic cough is more common in men and rises with age. […] Chronic cough was shown to be more common in people who had respiratory, cardiovascular, mental health, chronic pain, or diabetic conditions. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of chronic cough across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of chronic cough? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #75 Epidemiology of unexplained chronic cough in adults: a population-based study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10204850/

  The overall baseline period prevalence of chronic cough was 10.9%. Of the 1073 prevalent chronic cough cases, 21.2% (n=228) were unexplained, representing an overall baseline period prevalence of UCC of 2.3% (95% CI 2.0-2.6%). The prevalence of UCC according to age strata was 2.0% (95% CI 1.7-2.4%) in participants aged 70 years, and 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.4%) in participants aged 70 years. In general, UCC was more prevalent after the seventh decade of life. […] Our findings suggest that approximately one in five (21.2%) of all chronic cough cases in the general adult population are unexplained by common risk factors and associated medical conditions such as asthma, COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis, GORD and ACE-inhibitor use. The present study provides important insights into the epidemiology of UCC in a general population of adults and older subjects, demonstrating that two-thirds of UCC cases are self-limiting, and two-thirds of adults with persistently unexplained chronic cough and refractory chronic cough are women. […] In conclusion, UCC accounts for a considerable proportion of chronic cough cases in adults, and its persistent phenotype demonstrates female predominance. The demographic profile of adults with persistent UCC is similar to that of patients with cough hypersensitivity.

• #76

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  The impact of chronic cough on QoL is widely recognized, as it is being utilized as one of the key outcomes in clinical decision-making and guideline recommendations. […] Chronic cough constitutes a financial burden not only by reducing the work productivity of patients suffering from it but also by increasing their medical expenses. […] The associations between ambient air pollution and chronic cough were previously reviewed. However, household air pollution is another ongoing issue in developing countries, including those in the Asia-Pacific region. […] The prevalence of reflux-associated cough was reported to be less than 5% in East Asian countries; however, the prevalence of reflux-related cough has been anticipated to steadily increase given the increase in the prevalence of obesity, GERD, and the number of people adopting the Western lifestyle and diet in the region.

• #77

  https://journals.lww.com/apallergy/fulltext/2021/10000/epidemiology_of_adult_chronic_cough__disease.2.aspx

  A number of Asian countries are still endemic areas of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with the additional burden of drug-resistant cases. […] The recent introduction of cough monitors enabled an objective analysis of the clinical relevance of cough frequency in patients with pulmonary TB, reporting that cough frequency was positively related to the volume and proximity to the airway of the cavity, as well as the bacillary load. […] Chronic cough is a prevalent condition with a significant impact on the QoL, and the disease burden is increasingly evaluated and quantified.

• #78 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183506/

  The risk factors of chronic cough from recent studies are listed in Table 3. […] Chronic cough is believed to have a high disease burden both directly (economic burden, healthcare resource utilization) and indirectly (comorbidities and concomitant symptoms, lung function, impact on life quality). […] Chronic cough is a common complaint in the clinic that is drawing more attention worldwide. The reported prevalence varies widely among the general population, mainly due to geographical differences, as well as the variable definition of chronic cough. Thus, there is an urgent need for epidemiological surveys using a standard definition of chronic cough (e.g., cough 8 weeks) in representative populations from different countries.

• #79 Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review – Yang – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/74706/html

  Chronic cough is believed to have a high disease burden both directly (economic burden, healthcare resource utilization) and indirectly (comorbidities and concomitant symptoms, lung function, impact on life quality). […] Chronic cough is a common complaint in the clinic that is drawing more attention worldwide. The reported prevalence varies widely among the general population, mainly due to geographical differences, as well as the variable definition of chronic cough. Thus, there is an urgent need for epidemiological surveys using a standard definition of chronic cough (e.g., cough 8 weeks) in representative populations from different countries.

• #80

  https://link.springer.com/collections/cghhgeiaei

  Chronic cough remains a long-lasting and burdensome condition affecting a significant portion of the global population across all ages. […] Epidemiological studies on cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] The mechanisms/pathophysiology of cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. […] Diagnosis, screening and prevention. […] Management strategies. […] Psychosocial impact of chronic cough. […] Emerging research avenues for chronic cough management and treatment (e.g. personalized medicine).

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