Przerost gruczołu krokowego
Epidemiologia
Przerost gruczołu krokowego (BPH) jest powszechną chorobą u mężczyzn powyżej 40. roku życia, z częstością wzrastającą do 80-90% u pacjentów powyżej 80 lat. W 2019 roku na świecie odnotowano około 210 milionów przypadków BPH, z największym obciążeniem w grupie wiekowej 65-74 lata. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują wiek, predyspozycje genetyczne, otyłość, zespół metaboliczny oraz cukrzycę, które wpływają na progresję choroby i nasilenie objawów dolnych dróg moczowych (LUTS). BPH wiąże się z istotnym obciążeniem ekonomicznym – globalne koszty opieki zdrowotnej w 2019 roku wyniosły 73,8 mld USD. Występuje regionalna zmienność epidemiologiczna, z wyższą częstością w populacjach zachodnich i rosnącą zachorowalnością w krajach o niskim i średnim wskaźniku rozwoju społeczno-demograficznego (SDI).
Epidemiologia przerostu gruczołu krokowego
Przerost gruczołu krokowego (łagodny rozrost prostaty, BPH – Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) jest jedną z najczęstszych chorób dotykających starzejących się mężczyzn i główną przyczyną objawów ze strony dolnych dróg moczowych (LUTS). Częstość występowania BPH znacząco wzrasta po 40. roku życia, osiągając wskaźnik 8-60% u mężczyzn w wieku 90 lat. Szacuje się, że około 50% mężczyzn powyżej 50. roku życia wykazuje objawy BPH, a związek z wiekiem zwiększa się liniowo.12
Skala występowania tego schorzenia jest ogromna. W 2021 roku na świecie odnotowano około 112,5 miliona przypadków BPH, co stanowi 122% wzrost w porównaniu do 50,7 miliona przypadków w 1990 roku. Badania wskazują, że obecnie na przerost gruczołu krokowego cierpi około 210 milionów mężczyzn na całym świecie.12
W Stanach Zjednoczonych występowanie BPH jest bardzo wysokie – nawet 70% mężczyzn w wieku 60-69 lat i ponad 80% mężczyzn powyżej 70. roku życia zmaga się z tym schorzeniem. W USA liczba zdiagnozowanych przypadków BPH prawie podwoiła się w latach 1998-2007.1
Zróżnicowanie występowania BPH na świecie
Istnieją znaczące różnice w występowaniu BPH w różnych regionach świata. Niektóre dane sugerują, że ryzyko wystąpienia BPH jest mniejsze wśród populacji azjatyckich w porównaniu do białej populacji zachodniej. Badania międzynarodowe wskazują, że populacje zachodnie mają znacznie większe objętości prostaty niż mieszkańcy innych części świata, szczególnie Azji Południowo-Wschodniej.12
W 2019 roku kraje o średnim SDI (wskaźniku rozwoju społeczno-demograficznego) odnotowały najwyższą bezwzględną liczbę przypadków BPH, stanowiącą około jedną trzecią globalnej sumy. Chiny, Indie i Stany Zjednoczone znalazły się na szczycie listy krajów z największą liczbą przypadków przerostu prostaty.12
Trzy regiony o najwyższych wskaźnikach występowania BPH to Europa Wschodnia, Ameryka Łacińska (region centralny) i region andyjski Ameryki Łacińskiej. Zaobserwowano również, że obserwuje się szybki wzrost zachorowań w regionach o niskim i średnio-niskim SDI, podczas gdy w regionach o wysokim i średnio-wysokim SDI tempo wzrostu jest mniejsze lub zauważalny jest nawet spadek.1
Czynniki demograficzne i wiek
Wiek jest najsilniejszym predyktorem rozwoju BPH. Badania histologiczne wykazały, że BPH występuje u około 8% mężczyzn w wieku 31-40 lat, a odsetek ten gwałtownie wzrasta do około 90% w dziewiątej dekadzie życia, co potwierdza, że BPH jest chorobą przewlekłą trwającą dekady.12
Dane z badania Urologic Diseases in America BPH Project wykazały, że obecność umiarkowanych do ciężkich objawów LUTS była również związana z rozwojem zatrzymania moczu jako objawu progresji BPH, która wzrastała z częstością 6,8 epizodów na 1000 pacjento-lat obserwacji w ogólnej populacji do 34,7 epizodów u osób w wieku 70 lat lub starszych z umiarkowanymi do ciężkich objawami LUTS.1
W 2019 roku światowa liczba przypadków BPH u osób w wieku 60 lat i starszych osiągnęła 79 milionów. Zaobserwowano, że grupa wiekowa 65-74 lata ponosi największe obciążenie związane z BPH. Co więcej, autorzy badania GBD (Global Burden of Disease) zauważyli, że wzrost częstości występowania BPH był spowodowany głównie wzrostem populacji (94,93%), zmianami epidemiologicznymi (3,45%) i starzeniem się społeczeństwa (1,62%).12
Wpływ czynników genetycznych i stylu życia
Dowody sugerują silny komponent genetyczny w rozwoju BPH. Badania wykazały, że ryzyko wystąpienia BPH wymagającego leczenia chirurgicznego jest ponad czterokrotnie wyższe u krewnych pierwszego stopnia mężczyzn z BPH w porównaniu do krewnych grupy kontrolnej. Około 50% mężczyzn poddawanych prostatektomii z powodu BPH przed 60. rokiem życia może mieć dziedziczną formę choroby. Natomiast tylko około 9% mężczyzn poddawanych prostatektomii z powodu BPH po 60. roku życia miałoby przewidywane ryzyko rodzinne.12
Coraz częściej obserwuje się, że modyfikowalne czynniki stylu życia znacząco wpływają na naturalny przebieg BPH. Zwiększona aktywność fizyczna i ćwiczenia są konsekwentnie wiązane ze zmniejszonym ryzykiem operacji BPH, klinicznego BPH, histologicznego BPH i LUTS.1
Otyłość i zespół metaboliczny
Badania konsekwentnie obserwowały, że zwiększona otyłość jest pozytywnie związana z objętością prostaty – im większa otyłość, tym większa objętość prostaty. Dowody epidemiologiczne pokazują również, że otyłość zwiększa ryzyko operacji BPH, progresji objawów dróg moczowych i rozpoczęcia terapii medycznej BPH.1
Najnowsze badania sugerują silny związek klinicznego BPH z zespołem metabolicznym i zaburzeniami erekcji. Otyłość męska została powiązana ze zwiększonym ryzykiem BPH i zwiększoną ciężkością LUTS u mężczyzn dotkniętych BPH. W ostatniej dekadzie zwiększone modyfikowalne czynniki ryzyka, takie jak choroby metaboliczne i otyłość, doprowadziły do zwiększonej częstości występowania BPH.123
Cukrzyca i stan zapalny
Cukrzyca rozpoznana przez lekarza, zwiększony poziom insuliny i podwyższony poziom glukozy na czczo zostały powiązane ze zwiększoną wielkością prostaty i zwiększonym ryzykiem powiększenia prostaty, klinicznego BPH i operacji BPH. Niektóre badania wykazują, że otyli mężczyźni i mężczyźni z cukrzycą mogą być bardziej narażeni na rozwój przerostu prostaty.12
Prawdopodobne jest, że stan zapalny odgrywa rolę w rozwoju i progresji BPH, czego dowodem są silne powiązania między BPH a histologicznym stanem zapalnym w próbkach uzyskanych z biopsji prostaty i operacji BPH.1
Obciążenie ekonomiczne i społeczne
Znaczne obciążenie BPH niesie ze sobą istotny wpływ ekonomiczny. W 2006 roku Wielka Brytania wydała 44 miliony na podstawową opiekę zdrowotną, 69 milionów na leki i 101 milionów na leczenie powikłań związanych z BPH. W 2019 roku oszacowano, że globalne koszty opieki zdrowotnej związane z BPH osiągnęły 73,8 miliarda dolarów rocznie. Wpływ finansowy BPH gwałtownie wzrósł i będzie nadal rosnąć, podkreślając pilną potrzebę wzmocnienia interwencji mających na celu kontrolę obciążenia BPH.1
W Stanach Zjednoczonych bezpośrednie wydatki przypisywane leczeniu BPH, z wyłączeniem leków ambulatoryjnych, osiągnęły 1,1 miliarda dolarów w 2000 roku. Biorąc pod uwagę głębokie implikacje społeczne i medyczne obciążenia BPH, dalsza analiza jego długoterminowych tendencji jest niezbędna.1
Wpływ na jakość życia
Chociaż BPH nie jest chorobą zagrażającą życiu, jej wpływ na jakość życia może być znaczący i nie powinien być niedoceniany. Biorąc pod uwagę potencjalny wpływ objawów BPH na ogólny stan zdrowia, zalecana jest większa komunikacja między pacjentami a ich świadczeniodawcami opieki zdrowotnej, aby ułatwić diagnozę LUTS.1
BPH jest najczęstszą przyczyną LUTS u mężczyzn w wieku 50 lat lub starszych, a leczenie objawów BPH może poprawić funkcje seksualne u mężczyzn, u których zaburzenia erekcji mogą być związane ze współistnieniem LUTS.1
Tendencje monitorowania i nadzoru
Zmieniający się profil demograficzny i starzejąca się populacja w prawie wszystkich społeczeństwach sprawiają, że nieuniknione jest, iż to zaburzenie stanie się jeszcze bardziej powszechne i stanowić będzie poważne wyzwanie dla wszystkich systemów opieki zdrowotnej w przyszłości.1
Lepszym podejściem do zapobiegania i opóźniania wystąpienia i rozwoju klinicznego BPH jest zrozumienie epidemiologii choroby i możliwej kontroli choroby w populacji. Wraz ze zmieniającą się naturą modyfikowalnych czynników ryzyka BPH, trwają dalsze badania nad optymalizacją leczenia.12
Active surveillance w przypadku BPH
Aktywny nadzór medyczny (active surveillance) jest zalecany dla mężczyzn, którzy zaczynają doświadczać łagodnych objawów związanych z BPH. Jeśli pacjenci zgłaszają uciążliwe objawy LUTS, które zaczynają wpływać na ich jakość życia, początkowo należy zalecić modyfikacje stylu życia.1
W zależności od czynników pacjenta, takich jak wiek, ogólny stan zdrowia i nasilenie objawów, przerost prostaty może być leczony poprzez aktywny nadzór, farmakoterapię lub minimalnie inwazyjną operację. Active surveillance może również obejmować wprowadzenie pewnych zmian w stylu życia, takich jak zaprzestanie palenia, regularne ćwiczenia i utrzymywanie zdrowej diety, która unika żywności o wysokiej zawartości tłuszczu, cukru i przetworzonej.12
BPH podczas active surveillance raka prostaty
Pacjenci z rakiem prostaty niskiego ryzyka poddawani aktywnemu nadzorowi nie są odporni na wpływ objawów dolnych dróg moczowych (LUTS) z powodu łagodnego przerostu prostaty (BPH). Ponieważ wykorzystanie aktywnego nadzoru zwiększyło się w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad, liczba mężczyzn, którzy mogą skorzystać z leczenia BPH ze zdiagnozowanym rakiem prostaty, również wzrosła.1
Obecnie nie ma konkretnych zaleceń dotyczących postępowania u pacjentów, u których podczas aktywnego nadzoru rozwijają się umiarkowane do ciężkich LUTS wtórne do BPH wymagającego operacji, jaka powinna być preferowana interwencja chirurgiczna i jakie są potencjalne implikacje dla dalszego postępowania z rakiem prostaty.1
Łącznie, leczenie BPH u pacjentów, którzy są na aktywnym nadzorze raka prostaty, może osiągnąć oczekiwane wyniki w zakresie funkcji układu moczowego, zgodnie z istniejącymi danymi. Co więcej, gdy jest odpowiednio dobrane w warunkach dobrze zdefiniowanego raka prostaty, leczenie BPH u pacjentów na aktywnym nadzorze jest prawdopodobnie bezpieczne z onkologicznego punktu widzenia.1
Prognozy i wyzwania na przyszłość
Ponieważ światowa populacja starzeje się, przewiduje się, że liczba objawowych przypadków BPH wzrośnie. Zapobieganie BPH zagraża globalnemu zdrowiu mężczyzn, szczególnie osób w wieku 60 lat i starszych, prowadząc do znaczących obciążeń chorobowych i wydatków ekonomicznych.12
Nasze ustalenia pokazują, że rosnące przypadki zachorowań na BPH wpływają na osoby w wieku 60 lat i starsze, a wzrost populacji jest głównym czynnikiem determinującym. W przyszłości kilka krajów o dużej liczbie ludności, takich jak Chiny, Indie i Stany Zjednoczone, doświadczy większego obciążenia chorobowego związanego z BPH wśród osób starszych w wieku 60 lat i starszych. Konieczne są skuteczne decyzje zdrowotne dla zapobiegania i leczenia BPH.1
Zwiększone rozpoznawanie powagi BPH i jego konsekwencji prowadzi do większej świadomości wśród lekarzy i pacjentów. Farmaceuci, szczególnie w środowisku społecznym, są dostępnym źródłem informacji o opiece zdrowotnej dla pytającej populacji pacjentów z BPH.1
| Grupa wiekowa | Częstość występowania BPH (%) | Główne cechy |
|---|---|---|
| 40-49 lat | ~8-20% | Początek objawów, rzadko wymagające leczenia |
| 50-59 lat | ~25-50% | Zwiększone ryzyko progresji |
| 60-69 lat | ~50-70% | Znaczące objawy LUTS, częste interwencje medyczne |
| 70-79 lat | ~70-80% | Wysokie ryzyko zatrzymania moczu |
| 80+ lat | ~80-90% | Bardzo wysokie ryzyko powikłań |
Znaczenie badań przesiewowych i wczesnej interwencji
Biorąc pod uwagę postępujący charakter BPH, wczesna identyfikacja i odpowiednie strategie zarządzania są kluczowe dla zapobiegania powikłaniom, takim jak zatrzymanie moczu, zakażenia dróg moczowych, kamienie pęcherza i uszkodzenie nerek.1
Skuteczne strategie zarządzania BPH obejmują aktywny nadzór, leczenie farmakologiczne i interwencje chirurgiczne. Obecna farmakoterapia obejmuje antagonistów alfa-adrenergicznych (alfa-blokery), inhibitory 5-alfa-reduktazy (5ARI), antagonistów receptorów muskarynowych (MRA) i inhibitory fosfodiesterazy 5 (PDE5).1
Wyzwania związane z zarządzaniem BPH są wielopłaszczyznowe i wymagają zindywidualizowanego podejścia uwzględniającego wiek pacjenta, ogólny stan zdrowia, nasilenie objawów i choroby współistniejące. Przy określaniu kursu leczenia BPH lekarze powinni uwzględnić obecność chorób współistniejących związanych z wiekiem i potencjał danego leczenia do negatywnego wpływu na te stany.1
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Materiały źródłowe
- #1 Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasiahttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5717991/
Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in ageing men and the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The prevalence of BPH increases after the age of 40 years, with a prevalence of 8%60% at age 90 years. […] Some data have suggested that there is decreased risk among the Asians compared to the western white population. […] Recent reports suggest the strong relationship of clinical BPH with metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction, as well as the possible role of inflammation as a cause of the prostatic hyperplasia. […] Hence, a better strategy to prevent and delay the onset and development of clinical BPH is to understand the epidemiology of the disease and possible control of the disease in the population. […] The prevalence of BPH rises markedly with increased age.
- #1 Comprehensive analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021 | Scientific Reportshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90229-3
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological condition affecting elderly men worldwide. In 2021, there were 112,502 (95% UI: 88,131.8142,634.2) thousand prevalent cases globally, compared to 50,705.8 (95% UI: 38,735.565,693.4) thousand cases in 1990, representing a 122% increase. Over the past 30 years, the burden of BPH in low and low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) regions have shown an upward trend and is projected to continue increasing over the next 15 years. Middle-SDI regions are facing the heaviest absolute burden of BPH. Despite declining prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years rates in high-middle SDI regions, the absolute BPH burden remains high, ranking second among the five SDI regions. In contrast, high-SDI regions exhibit a relatively low and stable BPH burden, though significant variations exist even among countries within the high-SDI category. Additionally, the global 6569 age group bears the highest burden, with the 4044 and 80+age groups showing increasing trends. The burden of BPH varies significantly across regions, socioeconomic statuses, and countries, yet the absolute burden is generally increasing. The substantial regional differences in BPH burden underscore its widespread impact and potential controllability, indicating the need for more targeted healthcare efforts to address the growing BPH burden.
- #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558920/
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition encountered in aging men and a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Histological prevalence is common, and disease progression is associated with bladder outflow obstruction. This may present clinically in both the emergency surgical and outpatient clinical settings. […] Age is a significant predictor of the development of BPH and subsequent LUTS. Fifty percent of men older than 50 show evidence of BPH, and the association with the development of LUTS increases linearly with age. […] In the US, studies have shown BPH prevalence to be as high as 70% in those between 60 and 69 years of age and more than 80% in those over 70 years. […] At a population level, the reported prevalence of BPH increased dramatically between 1998 and 2007 in the US, with the number of cases nearly doubling. […] As the worldwide population grows older, the number of symptomatic BPH cases is expected to rise. […] International studies have suggested that Western populations have significantly higher prostate volumes than those from other parts of the world, particularly Southeast Asia.
- #1 Comprehensive analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021 | Scientific Reportshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90229-3
The GBD is the largest and most comprehensive scientific effort to estimate health loss caused by 371 diseases and injuries. Since GBD 2010, the burden of BPH has been estimated and included in comprehensive reports. However, compared to other malignant diseases, the burden of BPH has been relatively underreported, especially lacking detailed and comprehensive accounts. Understanding the comprehensive burden of BPH, its epidemiological trends, and the roles of demographic, age, and economic factors using the latest data is crucial for advancing BPH healthcare and helping health systems address the challenges associated with this increasing global burden. […] In 2021, the middle SDI regions reported the highest absolute numbers of prevalent, incident and DALYs cases of BPH, with 18,779.4 thousand (95% UI: 15,540.5 to 22,785.8), 2,083.5 thousand (95% UI: 1,716.9 to 2,523.2), and 769.6 thousand (95% UI: 459.7 to 1,179.4) cases, respectively. Furthermore, these cases accounted for approximately one-third of the global total. The middle SDI regions show the largest percentage change (approximately 162%) from 1990 to 2021. In contrast, the high-middle SDI regions exhibited the smallest percentage change (approximately 90%). From 1990 to 2021, the EAPC in disease prevalence, incidence, and DALYs rates has exhibited a rising trend in low SDI regions and low-middle SDI regions. Conversely, a downward trend is noted in the high-middle SDI regions with the most pronounced decline. This trend diminishes significantly in high SDI regions, approaching a negligible rate.
- #1 Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60â90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 | BMC Urology | Full Texthttps://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-024-01582-w
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological disease in elderly males. However, few studies have estimated the temporal and spatial distributions of the BPH burden in male adults aged 60 years and over at the global, national, and regional scales. Leveraging the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we estimated the global epidemiological trends in the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of BPH in 204 countries and 21 regions and 5 sociodemographic index (SDI) regions in males aged 60 years and over between 1990 and 2019. The global number of prevalent BPH cases reached 79 million in people aged 60 years and older in 2019. The prevalence, incidence, and DALYs rates gradually increased, with AAPCs of 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively. Low-middle, middle, and low SDI regions experienced rapid increases in the number of prevalent cases of BPH. In 2019, China, India, and United States of America bore the largest burden of prevalent cases among people aged 60 years and over. The three regions with the highest prevalence rates of BPH were Eastern Europe, Central Latin America, and Andean Latin America. The increased prevalence was attributed to population growth (94.93%), epidemiological changes (3.45%), and aging (1.62%), globally.
- #1 BPH: Epidemiology and Comorbiditieshttps://www.ajmc.com/view/apr06-2288ps122-s128
Recently published data suggest that clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is hallmarked by the occurrence of moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), occurs in about one quarter of men in their 50s, one third of men in their 60s, and about half of all men 80 years or older. […] Histologically distinguishable BPH is present in about 8% of men aged 31 to 40 years, and this prevalence increases markedly with age to about 90% by the ninth decade of life, establishing BPH as a chronic disease that spans decades. […] The Urologic Diseases in America BPH Project examined the US prevalence of moderate-to-severe LUTS, defined by an American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index (SI) score of =8. […] The presence of moderate-to-severe LUTS was also associated with the development of AUR as a symptom of BPH progression, increasing from an incidence of 6.8 episodes per 1000 patient-years of follow-up in the overall OCS population to a high of 34.7 episodes in persons 70 years or older with moderate-to-severe LUTS.
- #1 Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasiahttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5717991/
Observational studies from Europe, US, and Asia have also demonstrated older age to be a risk factor for clinical BPH onset and progression. […] Continued prostate growth is a risk factor for LUTS progression and larger prostates are associated with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and increased risks of clinical BPH progression, urinary retention and need for prostate surgery. […] Some data have suggested a decreased risk of clinical BPH in Asian compared with white men. […] Evidence suggests a strong genetic component to BPH. […] It has increasingly been observed that modifiable lifestyle factors substantially influence the natural history of BPH. […] Increased physical activity and exercise have been consistently linked to decreased risks of BPH surgery, clinical BPH, histological BPH and LUTS.
- #1 Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasiahttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5717991/
Studies have consistently observed that increased adiposity is positively associated with prostate volumeâthe greater the amount of adiposity, the greater the prostate volume. […] Epidemiological evidence also demonstrates that obesity increases the risks of BPH surgery, urinary symptom progression and initiation of BPH medical therapy. […] Physician-diagnosed diabetes, increased serum insulin and elevated fasting plasma glucose have been associated with increased prostate size and increased risk of prostate enlargement, clinical BPH and BPH surgery. […] It is likely that inflammation plays a role in the development and progression of BPH as evidenced by the strong links between BPH and histological inflammation in specimens obtained from prostate biopsies and BPH surgery. […] With a changing demographic profile and an increasingly ageing population in almost all societies, it is inevitable that this disorder will become even more prevalent and a major challenge for all health care systems in the future.
- #1 Comprehensive analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021 | Scientific Reportshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90229-3
The significant burden of BPH brings with it a substantial economic impact. In 2006, the UK spent 44 million on primary care, 69 million on medication, and 101 million on treating BPH-related complications. In 2019, an estimate reflecting U.S. Medicare costs reported that global healthcare costs for BPH reached $73.8 billion annually. The financial impact of BPH has escalated sharply and will continue to rise, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened interventions to control the BPH burden.
- #1 Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60â90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 | BMC Urology | Full Texthttps://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-024-01582-w
BPH is a global health issue that imposes substantial economic burdens on most countries, particularly males aged 60 years and over. Effective health decisions are imperative for BPH prevention and treatment. Aging is an important determinant of the development of BPH. Globally, a meta-analysis including 30 epidemiological studies estimated an approximately 26% pooled prevalence of BPH in older men between 1990 and 2016. In China, a meta-analysis based on epidemiological surveys reported a pooled prevalence of 36.6% among men aged 40 years and older between 1989 and 2014. […] In 2019, the age-standardized prevalence of BPH was 2480 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1940-3090) per 100,000 people globally. In the U.S., the direct expenditure attributed to treatment, excluding outpatient drugs, reached $1.1 billion in 2000. Given the profound social and medical implications of the BPH burden, further analysis of its long-term trend is imperative.
- #1 BPH: Epidemiology and Comorbiditieshttps://www.ajmc.com/view/apr06-2288ps122-s128
The odds of developing moderate-to-severe symptoms increased progressively after age 50 years, and were 3.5- and 2.4-fold greater in men with a prostate volume 50 mL and in those with a flow rate of 10 mL/sec, respectively. […] Although BPH is not a life-threatening condition, the impact of BPH on quality of life (QOL) can be significant and should not be underestimated. […] Given the potential impact of BPH symptoms on overall health, greater communication between patients and their healthcare providers is warranted to facilitate the diagnosis of LUTS. […] The advent of medical therapy has obviated the need for surgery in many patients with BPH. […] a1-AR antagonists are considered first-line medical therapy. […] Androgen reduction therapy with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (eg, finasteride) has been found to decrease prostatic size by 20% to 30% within 3 to 6 months of treatment, underscoring the importance of androgens on BPH progression.
- #1 BPH: Epidemiology and Comorbiditieshttps://www.ajmc.com/view/apr06-2288ps122-s128
BPH is the most common cause of LUTS in men 50 years of age or older, and the treatment of BPH symptoms may improve sexual function in men whose ED may be related to the coexistence of LUTS. […] When determining a course for the treatment of BPH, physicians should consider the presence of age-related comorbidities and the potential for a given treatment to negatively affect these conditions. […] BPH occurs at a high frequency in the aging man and is usually present with 1 or more comorbidities.
- #1 Guidelines for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasiahttps://www.uspharmacist.com/article/guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disorder in men with an incidence that increases with age. […] The prevalence of BPH, as seen in several autopsy studies around the world, is estimated to be approximately 20% for men in their 40s, up to 60% for men in their 60s, and up to 90% for men in their 70s and 80s. […] Diagnosis of BPH often rules out other clinical manifestations that may present with similar symptoms. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve LUTS and slow the clinical progression of BPH while improving patient QOL. […] Watchful waiting or active surveillance is recommended for men who begin experiencing mild symptoms related to BPH. […] If patients present with bothersome LUTS that begin affecting their QOL, lifestyle modifications should be recommended initially.
- #1 UroLift | What is BPH?https://uk.urolift.com/what-is-bph
Your doctor may refer you to a urologist for further evaluation of your BPH symptoms. […] Active surveillance may also involve making certain lifestyle changes, such as stopping smoking, exercising on a regular basis and maintaining a healthy diet that avoids high-fat, high-sugar and processed foods. […] The UroLift System is indicated for the treatment of symptoms of an enlarged prostate up to 100cc in men 50 years or older.
- #1 SPECIALTY SOCIETIES Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia During Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance – American Urological Associationhttps://auanews.net/issues/articles/2024/july-2024/specialty-societies-management-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-during-prostate-cancer-active-surveillance
Patients with low-grade prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance are not immune to the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). […] As utilization of active surveillance has increased over the past two decades, the number of men who can benefit from BPH treatment with a known prostate cancer diagnosis has also grown. […] Although clinical principles guide patient-centered care in this area, there remain little data to support these discussions and treatment decisions. […] Several important areas include the safety of BPH procedures in this population, outcomes with respect to urinary function, and the impact of BPH treatment on prostate cancer monitoring, follow-up testing, and long-term oncologic outcomes. […] Collectively, BPH treatment in patients who are on PCa active surveillance can achieve expected urinary outcomes, according to existing data. […] Furthermore, when appropriately selected in the setting of well-defined PCa, treating BPH in patients on active surveillance is likely safe from an oncologic standpoint.
- #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia during active surveillance for prostate cancer: is it time to define management strategies? | Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseaseshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41391-024-00837-9
In recent years, the criteria determining eligibility for active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) patients have evolved considerably. […] Despite this broader eligibility, more than 40% of patients with low-risk disease are treated immediately in the United States (U.S.), leading to an increased number of patients receiving unnecessary treatment. […] However, recent trends indicate a substantial and rapid expansion in the utilization of AS across a broader spectrum of healthcare institutions, leading to significant increase of active monitoring among the U.S. population diagnosed with PCa. […] This paradigm shift has consequently led to a rise in the incidence of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) among patients in AS, a condition that typically emerges around the age of 40 and becomes progressively more common thereafter. […] Currently, there are no specific recommendations regarding the management of patients developing moderate to severe LUTS secondary to BPH requiring surgery during AS, what the preferred surgical intervention should be, and what are the potential implications on the subsequent management of PCa.
- #1 Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60â90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 | BMC Urology | Full Texthttps://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-024-01582-w
The prevalence of BPH has been altered due to lifestyle changes, population growth, aging, and medical activities. In our analysis, we observed that population growth contributed to the largest share of the prevalence of BPH, followed by population aging. Therefore, we should maintain our concerns about populous countries and regions. For example, we observed that China, India, and United States of America ranked in the top three countries in prevalent cases. […] Preventing BPH threatens global male health, especially in people aged 60 years and older, leading to significant disease burdens and economic expenditures. Our findings show that the increasing prevalent cases of BPH impacts individuals aged 60 years and over and that population growth is an underlying determinant. In the future, several populous countries, such as China, India, and United States of America, will experience a greater disease burden of BPH among older people aged 60 years and over. Effective health decisions are imperative for the prevention and treatment of BPH.
- #1 Guidelines for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasiahttps://www.uspharmacist.com/article/guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia
Current oral pharmacotherapy options for managing BPH include alpha-adrenergic antagonists (alpha-blockers), 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), muscarinic receptor antagonists (MRAs), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. […] These medications (dutasteride, finasteride) are also recommended for patients with moderate-to-severe symptomatic BPH in addition to an enlarged prostate. […] The 2010 AUA guideline states that surgical intervention is appropriate for individuals with moderate-to-severe LUTS, acute urinary retention, or other complications due to BPH. […] Pharmacists in the community setting, in particular, are an accessible source of healthcare information to the inquiring BPH patient population.
- #1 Benign prostate hypertrophy | healthdirecthttps://www.healthdirect.gov.au/benign-prostate-hypertrophy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of your prostate. […] BPH is common as you get older. […] BPH gets more common with age, affecting about 50% of males aged in their 50s and 80% of males aged in their 80s. […] Your doctor can check whether your symptoms are due to BPH or another cause. […] If BPH is not treated, it can lead to other problems, including urinary retention, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and an overactive bladder. […] Having BPH does not increase your risk of developing prostate cancer. […] BPH is more common as you get older.
- #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558920/
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition encountered in aging men and a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Histological prevalence is common, and disease progression is associated with bladder outflow obstruction. This may present clinically in both the emergency surgical and outpatient clinical settings. […] Age is a significant predictor of the development of BPH and subsequent LUTS. Fifty percent of men older than 50 show evidence of BPH, and the association with the development of LUTS increases linearly with age. […] In the US, studies have shown BPH prevalence to be as high as 70% in those between 60 and 69 years of age and more than 80% in those over 70 years. […] At a population level, the reported prevalence of BPH increased dramatically between 1998 and 2007 in the US, with the number of cases nearly doubling. […] As the worldwide population grows older, the number of symptomatic BPH cases is expected to rise. […] International studies have suggested that Western populations have significantly higher prostate volumes than those from other parts of the world, particularly Southeast Asia.
- #2 Epidemiology and treatment modalities for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia – Lokeshwar – Translational Andrology and Urologyhttps://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/30514/html
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common conditions affecting men. […] Over the last decade, increased modifiable risk factors, such as metabolic disease and obesity, have resulted in an increased incidence of BPH. […] BPH and its associated symptomatology affect many men worldwide: as of 2010, the prevalence is over 210 million men. […] Up to 50% of men over the age of 50 and up to 80% of men over the age of 80 experience LUTS from BPH. […] Furthermore, BPH prevalence is on the rise, due to an increase in modifiable metabolic risk factors, such as obesity. […] Male obesity has been linked to increased risk of BPH and an increased severity of LUTS in the men affected by BPH. […] The pathophysiology of BPH has been linked to many factors including sex hormones, neurotransmitters, inflammation, diet, microorganisms and cellular effects on epithelial as well as stromal tissue.
- #2 Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60â90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 | BMC Urology | Full Texthttps://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-024-01582-w
In the spatial and temporal GBD analysis among people aged 60 years and over, we found significant increasing trends in the number of incident and prevalent cases, as well as DALYs of BPH between 1990 and 2019, which is consistent with studies showing that the histological situation of BPH continues to rise with age. Overall, the number of prevalent cases increased by 119.01% from 1990 to 2019. We also observed increasing prevalence rates in high-middle, middle, and low-middle regions among older people aged 60 years and over. Specifically, the highest metrics, including prevalence, incidence, and DALYs, were found in China, India, and United States of America, in that order. […] Our findings suggested that the burden of BPH was highest in older people, especially those aged 60 and over, which was consistent with the findings of previous surveys. A meta-analysis including 25 countries reported that the lifetime prevalence of BPH was 26.2%, and the age-specific prevalence increased with age. Global epidemiological estimates further substantiated this evidence, indicating that adult males aged 65-74 years bore the maximum absolute burden of BPH.
- #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orghttps://radiopaedia.org/articles/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia?lang=us
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), is an extremely common condition in elderly males and a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction. […] By the age of 60 years, 50% of men have benign prostatic hyperplasia, and by 90 years of age, the prevalence has increased to 90%. As such it is often thought of essentially as a „normal” part of aging. […] Complications of untreated benign prostatic hyperplasia include urinary retention, bladder calculi and bladder diverticula, recurrent urinary tract infection, recurrent gross hematuria, hydronephrosis and hydroureter and eventually renal failure.
- #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History | Abdominal Keyhttps://abdominalkey.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-etiology-pathophysiology-epidemiology-and-natural-history/
Undoubtedly the constellation of cellular pathologic processes that give rise to the symptoms of LUTS is far more complex than we currently realize. […] Only by unraveling these complexities, however, will we be able to design alternative strategies to treat successfully and possibly prevent the adverse impact of BPH on lower urinary tract function. […] The hazard-function ratio for surgically treated BPH among first-degree male relatives of the BPH cases compared with the first-degree male relatives of the controls was 4.2, demonstrating a very strong relationship. […] Approximately 50% of men undergoing prostatectomy for BPH when younger than 60 years of age could be attributable to an inheritable form of disease. […] In contrast, only about 9% of men undergoing prostatectomy for BPH when older than 60 years of age would be predicted to have a familial risk. […] These studies clearly demonstrate the presence of a familial form of BPH and suggest the presence of a gene contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.
- #2 Enlarged prostate | Prostate Cancer UKhttps://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/just-diagnosed/other-prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate/
An enlarged prostate is an increase in the size of the prostate. The medical term for an enlarged prostate is benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). […] An enlarged prostate is very common in men over the age of about 50. […] About 1 in 3 men over the age of 50 have urinary symptoms. The most common cause of these symptoms is an enlarged prostate. […] We still dont really know all the things that cause the prostate to grow. But we do know about two risk factors that can increase your risk of having an enlarged prostate. […] Your risk of having an enlarged prostate increases as you get older. […] The balance of hormones (oestrogen and testosterone) in your body changes as you get older. This may cause your prostate to grow. […] Some studies show that obese men and men who have diabetes may be more likely to develop an enlarged prostate.
- #2 Epidemiology and treatment modalities for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia – Lokeshwar – Translational Andrology and Urologyhttps://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/30514/html
The objective of this narrative review is to briefly highlight the epidemiology and pathophysiology of BPH, focus on the current treatment options for patients with symptomatic BPH, and touch on future potential directions for management. […] The increase in the prevalence of BPH in recent decades has been met with a growth of treatment options. […] With the changing nature of modifiable risk factors for BPH, further research into optimizing treatment is ongoing.
- #2 Enlarged Prostate (BPH) in San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Daly City, California | Golden Gate Urologyhttps://goldengateurology.com/enlarged-prostate-bph/
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as an enlarged prostate, is a noncancerous condition where the prostate gland grows in size, which can obstruct the flow of urine through the urethra. […] While the exact cause of an enlarged prostate is not known, its common for the prostate to continue growing throughout a mans life. Testosterone is known to influence prostate cell growth, and the likelihood of developing an enlarged prostate increases with age. […] Enlarged prostate affects more men as they get older. Enlarged prostate affects 50% of men in the 60s and 90% of men in their 80s. […] As men age, they are more likely to develop an enlarged prostate. Enlarged prostate risk is increased with family history of enlarged prostate and history of heart disease. […] Depending on patient factors such as age, general health, and the severity of symptoms, enlarged prostate may be treated with active surveillance, medication or minimally invasive surgery.
- #2 Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60â90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 | BMC Urology | Full Texthttps://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12894-024-01582-w
The prevalence of BPH has been altered due to lifestyle changes, population growth, aging, and medical activities. In our analysis, we observed that population growth contributed to the largest share of the prevalence of BPH, followed by population aging. Therefore, we should maintain our concerns about populous countries and regions. For example, we observed that China, India, and United States of America ranked in the top three countries in prevalent cases. […] Preventing BPH threatens global male health, especially in people aged 60 years and older, leading to significant disease burdens and economic expenditures. Our findings show that the increasing prevalent cases of BPH impacts individuals aged 60 years and over and that population growth is an underlying determinant. In the future, several populous countries, such as China, India, and United States of America, will experience a greater disease burden of BPH among older people aged 60 years and over. Effective health decisions are imperative for the prevention and treatment of BPH.
- #3 Enlarged prostate | Prostate Cancer UKhttps://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/just-diagnosed/other-prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate/
An enlarged prostate is an increase in the size of the prostate. The medical term for an enlarged prostate is benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). […] An enlarged prostate is very common in men over the age of about 50. […] About 1 in 3 men over the age of 50 have urinary symptoms. The most common cause of these symptoms is an enlarged prostate. […] We still dont really know all the things that cause the prostate to grow. But we do know about two risk factors that can increase your risk of having an enlarged prostate. […] Your risk of having an enlarged prostate increases as you get older. […] The balance of hormones (oestrogen and testosterone) in your body changes as you get older. This may cause your prostate to grow. […] Some studies show that obese men and men who have diabetes may be more likely to develop an enlarged prostate.