Przerost gruczołu krokowego
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Przerost gruczołu krokowego (BPH) jest powszechnym schorzeniem u mężczyzn powyżej 50. roku życia, z występowaniem powiększonej prostaty u około 40% mężczyzn po 60. roku życia. Rokowanie jest generalnie dobre, jednak brak leczenia może prowadzić do powikłań takich jak zakażenia układu moczowego, kamienie pęcherza, krwiomocz oraz uszkodzenie nerek wskutek wstecznego przepływu moczu. Czynniki ryzyka progresji BPH obejmują objętość prostaty, poziom PSA, maksymalny przepływ cewkowy (Qmax), objętość moczu zalegającego po mikcji, wiek oraz wyniki kwestionariuszy objawowych. Nomogramy prognostyczne pozwalają ocenić ryzyko konieczności leczenia farmakologicznego (>75% ryzyka) lub chirurgicznego (>40% ryzyka) w ciągu 10 lat od rozpoznania. Terapie obejmują farmakoterapię, zabiegi chirurgiczne, metody małoinwazyjne oraz monitorowanie objawów w łagodnych przypadkach.

Przerost gruczołu krokowego (Prognoza, przewidywanie wyników)

Przerost gruczołu krokowego (BPH – Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) to powszechne schorzenie dotykające mężczyzn, szczególnie po 50. roku życia. Przewidywanie progresji tego schorzenia oraz jego wpływu na jakość życia stanowi istotny element w procesie decyzyjnym dotyczącym leczenia. Badania pokazują, że u około 40% mężczyzn w wieku powyżej 60 lat występuje powiększony gruczoł krokowy, co podkreśla powszechność tego schorzenia i potrzebę dokładnej prognozy jego przebiegu.1

Rokowanie w przeroście gruczołu krokowego

Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, rokowanie dla pacjentów z przerostem gruczołu krokowego jest bardzo dobre. Chociaż BPH nie ma leczenia przyczynowego, dostępne metody terapeutyczne mogą skutecznie łagodzić objawy. Łagodne objawy mogą nie wymagać leczenia, natomiast przypadki o większym nasileniu mogą być leczone farmakologicznie, chirurgicznie lub za pomocą metod małoinwazyjnych.2

Bez odpowiedniego leczenia, BPH może prowadzić do pogłębienia się blokady cewki moczowej i nasilenia objawów. Ponadto, nieleczony przerost prostaty może skutkować powikłaniami takimi jak:

  • Zakażenia układu moczowego (UTI)
  • Kamienie pęcherza moczowego
  • Krwiomocz (hematuria)
  • Uszkodzenie nerek spowodowane wstecznym przepływem moczu z pęcherza do nerek (zwiększone ciśnienie na nerki)

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Czynniki rokownicze i modele predykcyjne

Zidentyfikowano liczne czynniki ryzyka progresji BPH. Badania wskazują, że objętość prostaty, poziom swoistego antygenu prostaty (PSA), maksymalny przepływ cewkowy (Qmax), objętość moczu zalegającego po mikcji, wiek oraz wyniki kwestionariuszy objawowych są związane ze zwiększonym ryzykiem progresji klinicznej.4 Opracowano nomogramy pozwalające przewidzieć ryzyko konieczności zastosowania leczenia farmakologicznego lub chirurgicznego w ciągu 10 lat od rozpoznania objawów dolnych dróg moczowych związanych z BPH.5

Na podstawie tych modeli można zaproponować następujące progi ryzyka:

  • Wysokie ryzyko: >75% dla konieczności leczenia farmakologicznego i >40% dla interwencji chirurgicznej
  • Niskie ryzyko: <25% dla konieczności leczenia farmakologicznego i <5% dla interwencji chirurgicznej

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W badaniach klinicznych pacjenci, którzy kontynuowali fitoterapię lub nie stosowali żadnego leczenia, mieli średnie prawdopodobieństwo zmiany leczenia i progresji klinicznej wynoszące odpowiednio 25% i 5%. Natomiast grupy, które zmieniły terapię lub doświadczyły progresji choroby, miały średnie prawdopodobieństwo wynoszące odpowiednio 75% i 40%.8

Wiek i inne parametry wpływające na prognozę

Badania obejmujące pacjentów z medianą wieku 55 lat w momencie rozpoznania wykazały, że 47% pacjentów przerwało lub kontynuowało fitoterapię, podczas gdy 53% przeszło na leczenie alfa-blokerami i/lub inhibitorami 5-alfa-reduktazy po medianie czasu wynoszącej 24 miesiące. Jedna trzecia pacjentów w drugiej grupie doświadczyła progresji klinicznej po medianie czasu wynoszącej 54 miesiące.9

Czynniki, które były istotnie związane z wynikami leczenia, obejmowały:

  • Wiek
  • Wynik kwestionariusza objawów
  • Maksymalny przepływ cewkowy (Qmax)
  • Poziom PSA
  • Objętość moczu zalegającego po mikcji

10

Wpływ przerostu prostaty na wzrost guza nowotworowego

Interesujące wyniki przedstawiają symulacje komputerowe pokazujące, że gdy pacjent ma w historii przerost prostaty, guzy nowotworowe w prostacie prawie wcale nie rosną. Badania sugerują, że mechaniczne naprężenia powstające przy powiększaniu się prostaty utrudniają wzrost guza prostaty i ograniczają jego inwazyjność.11

Te odkrycia wskazują, że zmniejszanie powiększonej prostaty poprzez zabiegi chirurgiczne lub leki może być niewskazane u pacjentów z równoczesnym rakiem prostaty, ponieważ może to prowadzić do szybszego wzrostu nowotworu. Symulacje wykazały, że po okresie jednego roku guz pacjenta z historią powiększonej prostaty prawie wcale nie urósł.12

Znaczenie skali Gleasona dla rokowania

W kontekście współistnienia przerostu prostaty i raka prostaty, istotnym czynnikiem rokowniczym jest skala Gleasona. Jest to metoda oceny złośliwości raka prostaty, przy czym wyższy wynik wskazuje na bardziej agresywny biologicznie nowotwór.13

Agresywność raka prostaty jest związana z wynikiem w skali Gleasona. Ważne jest rozróżnienie między:

  • Klinicznie nieistotnymi nowotworami (Gleason 3+3, stopień ISUP 1)
  • Klinicznie istotnymi nowotworami (Gleason 3+4 i wyżej, stopień ISUP 2 i wyżej)

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To rozróżnienie ma znaczący wpływ na decyzje terapeutyczne i rokowanie pacjenta. Badania wykorzystujące rozszerzone regiony zainteresowania (ROI) w obrazowaniu radiomicznym wykazały dokładność klasyfikacji na poziomie 80,67% dla rozróżnienia między klinicznie istotnymi i nieistotnymi nowotworami. Dokładność klasyfikacji Gleason 3+4 (stopień ISUP 2) i Gleason 4+3 i wyżej (stopień ISUP 3) wyniosła 88,42%.15

Modele prognostyczne i ich zastosowanie kliniczne

Stratyfikacja prognostyczna stanowi podstawę postępowania w niemetastatycznym raku prostaty. Model PREDICT Prostate jest zindywidualizowanym wieloczynnikowym modelem prognostycznym raka prostaty, który został zbudowany na podstawie informacji diagnostycznych i jako pierwszy modeluje potencjalne korzyści leczenia dla przeżycia ogólnego.16

Model ten łączy następujące czynniki, które są niezależnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi dla śmiertelności specyficznej dla raka prostaty (PCSM):

  • Wiek
  • Poziom PSA
  • Stopień histologiczny
  • Zajęcie rdzeni biopsyjnych
  • Stadium zaawansowania
  • Leczenie podstawowe

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Ponadto, wiek i choroby współistniejące są czynnikami prognostycznymi dla śmiertelności z innych przyczyn (NPCM). Model ten ma potencjał umożliwienia dobrze poinformowanego i standaryzowanego podejmowania decyzji oraz zmniejszenia zarówno nadleczenia, jak i niedostatecznego leczenia.18

Opcje terapeutyczne i ich wpływ na prognozę

Istnieje wiele opcji leczenia powiększonej prostaty, które obejmują:

  • Leczenie farmakologiczne
  • Zabiegi chirurgiczne przez cewkę moczową lub dolną część brzucha
  • Terapia laserowa
  • Terapia parą wodną
  • Zmiana diety
  • Iniekcje

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Stan każdego pacjenta jest inny, ale wspólnie z wykwalifikowanym urologiem, pacjenci powinni być w stanie podjąć świadomą decyzję dotyczącą optymalnego leczenia. W przypadku łagodnego BPH, pacjent i jego lekarz mogą zdecydować się na monitorowanie objawów poprzez regularne wizyty. Jeśli BPH wpływa na jakość życia, dostępne leczenie może pomóc zmniejszyć prostatę.2021

Znaczenie diagnostyki i świadomości zdrowotnej

Badania wykazały, że świadomość zdrowia prostaty jest alarmująco niska u mężczyzn po 50. roku życia, mimo że w wieku 60 lat i więcej, 40% mężczyzn cierpi na powiększony gruczoł krokowy. Badania ujawniły różne błędne przekonania dotyczące zdrowia prostaty, a w szczególności powiększonej prostaty, przy czym tylko 38% respondentów było w stanie prawidłowo zidentyfikować to zaburzenie.22

Przyczyna powiększenia prostaty jest nieznana, ale uważa się, że jest związana ze zmianami hormonalnymi zachodzącymi wraz z wiekiem u mężczyzn. Objawy są często łagodne, ale ich nasilenie może upośledzać jakość życia, a badania sugerują, że mężczyźni z umiarkowanymi lub ciężkimi objawami mają zwiększone ryzyko poważnych chorób serca, takich jak udar i śmierć sercowa.23

Wczesna diagnostyka i świadomość zdrowotna mają kluczowe znaczenie dla poprawy rokowania i jakości życia pacjentów z przerostem gruczołu krokowego, szczególnie biorąc pod uwagę potencjalne powiązania z innymi poważnymi schorzeniami.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Survey reveals low levels of awareness in men about prostate health and function – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/news/survey-reveals-low-levels-of-awareness-in-men-about-prostate-health-and-function
    Awareness of prostate health is alarmingly low in men over 50, a new survey commissioned by the European Association of Urology (EAU) has revealed, despite the fact that at the age of 60 and over, 40 percent of men suffer from an enlarged prostate. […] The study revealed a variety of misconceptions surrounding prostate health and, in particular, enlarged prostates (also known as benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or hyperplasia (BPH)) with just 38 percent of respondents able to correctly identify the disorder. […] The cause of an enlarged prostate is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes as men age. […] The symptoms are often mild, but the severity can impair quality of life and research suggests that men with moderate or severe symptoms have an increased risk of serious heart conditions, such as stroke and cardiac death.
  • #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia
    The outlook for people with BPH is very good. BPH doesn’t have a cure, but treatments can help alleviate your symptoms. Mild symptoms may not require treatment. Medications, surgery and minimally invasive treatments can treat more severe cases. […] Without treatment, BPH can cause further blockage in your urethra, and your symptoms may worsen. It may also cause urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, blood in your pee (hematuria), and kidney damage due to pee backflow from your bladder up to your kidney. The pee backflow increases pressure on your kidney. […] If you have mild BPH, you and your healthcare provider may choose to monitor your symptoms through regular appointments. If BPH affects your quality of life, treatments can help shrink your prostate.
  • #3 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia
    The outlook for people with BPH is very good. BPH doesn’t have a cure, but treatments can help alleviate your symptoms. Mild symptoms may not require treatment. Medications, surgery and minimally invasive treatments can treat more severe cases. […] Without treatment, BPH can cause further blockage in your urethra, and your symptoms may worsen. It may also cause urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, blood in your pee (hematuria), and kidney damage due to pee backflow from your bladder up to your kidney. The pee backflow increases pressure on your kidney. […] If you have mild BPH, you and your healthcare provider may choose to monitor your symptoms through regular appointments. If BPH affects your quality of life, treatments can help shrink your prostate.
  • #4 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9368684/
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish a tool to identify patients at risk for pharmaceutical and surgical interventions for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) over a 10 year follow-up. […] The progression from male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to clinically relevant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is difficult to predict. […] Multiple risk factors for BPH progression have been identified; prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), peak flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume, age, and symptom scores have been associated with an increased risk of clinical progression. […] We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS at 10 years from presentation.
  • #5 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9368684/
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish a tool to identify patients at risk for pharmaceutical and surgical interventions for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) over a 10 year follow-up. […] The progression from male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to clinically relevant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is difficult to predict. […] Multiple risk factors for BPH progression have been identified; prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), peak flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume, age, and symptom scores have been associated with an increased risk of clinical progression. […] We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS at 10 years from presentation.
  • #6 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9368684/
    On the basis of our models, thresholds of 75% and 40% for high risk and 25% and 5% for low risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions, respectively, can be proposed. […] The cohort which maintained phytotherapy or no therapy had an average probability of switching treatment and progressing clinically of 25% and 5%, respectively, while the cohorts switching therapy or progressing had an average probability of 75% and 40%, respectively. […] We developed a novel nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS.
  • #7 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9738
    A total of 107 patients with a median age of 55 years at presentation were included; 47% stopped or continued phytotherapy, while 53% switched to alpha-blockers and/or 5-ARI after a median time of 24 months. […] One-third in the second group experienced clinical progression after a median time of 54 months. […] Age, symptom score, peak flow rate (Qmax), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and post-void residual volume were significantly associated with the outcomes. […] We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS at 10 years from presentation. […] On the basis of our models, thresholds of >75% and >40% for high risk and <25% and <5% for low risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions, respectively, can be proposed.
  • #8 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9368684/
    On the basis of our models, thresholds of 75% and 40% for high risk and 25% and 5% for low risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions, respectively, can be proposed. […] The cohort which maintained phytotherapy or no therapy had an average probability of switching treatment and progressing clinically of 25% and 5%, respectively, while the cohorts switching therapy or progressing had an average probability of 75% and 40%, respectively. […] We developed a novel nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS.
  • #9 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9738
    A total of 107 patients with a median age of 55 years at presentation were included; 47% stopped or continued phytotherapy, while 53% switched to alpha-blockers and/or 5-ARI after a median time of 24 months. […] One-third in the second group experienced clinical progression after a median time of 54 months. […] Age, symptom score, peak flow rate (Qmax), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and post-void residual volume were significantly associated with the outcomes. […] We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS at 10 years from presentation. […] On the basis of our models, thresholds of >75% and >40% for high risk and <25% and <5% for low risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions, respectively, can be proposed.
  • #10 A Novel Nomogram Based on Initial Features to Predict BPH Progression
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9738
    A total of 107 patients with a median age of 55 years at presentation were included; 47% stopped or continued phytotherapy, while 53% switched to alpha-blockers and/or 5-ARI after a median time of 24 months. […] One-third in the second group experienced clinical progression after a median time of 54 months. […] Age, symptom score, peak flow rate (Qmax), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and post-void residual volume were significantly associated with the outcomes. […] We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions for BPH-related LUTS at 10 years from presentation. […] On the basis of our models, thresholds of >75% and >40% for high risk and <25% and <5% for low risk of pharmaceutical or surgical interventions, respectively, can be proposed.
  • #11 Enlarged prostate could actually be stopping tumor growth, simulations show – Purdue University News
    https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/archive/releases/2019/Q1/enlarged-prostate-could-actually-be-stopping-tumor-growth,-simulations-show.html
    Computer simulations show for the first time that when a patient has history of an enlarged prostate, tumors in the prostate barely grow at all. […] But a new study shows that if these men also happen to have prostate cancer, the larger prostate actually impedes tumor growth. […] The findings suggest that it might be a bad idea to downsize an enlarged prostate through surgery or drugs, because doing so could lead to faster growth of prostate cancer. […] At the end of a one-year period, the simulations showed that the tumor of a patient with history of an enlarged prostate barely grew at all. […] „But now we know that the mechanical stresses that originate as prostates enlarge impede tumor growth,” Hughes said. […] Our simulations show that a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia creates mechanical stress fields in the prostate that impede prostatic tumor growth and limit its invasiveness.
  • #12 Enlarged prostate could actually be stopping tumor growth, simulations show – Purdue University News
    https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/archive/releases/2019/Q1/enlarged-prostate-could-actually-be-stopping-tumor-growth,-simulations-show.html
    Computer simulations show for the first time that when a patient has history of an enlarged prostate, tumors in the prostate barely grow at all. […] But a new study shows that if these men also happen to have prostate cancer, the larger prostate actually impedes tumor growth. […] The findings suggest that it might be a bad idea to downsize an enlarged prostate through surgery or drugs, because doing so could lead to faster growth of prostate cancer. […] At the end of a one-year period, the simulations showed that the tumor of a patient with history of an enlarged prostate barely grew at all. […] „But now we know that the mechanical stresses that originate as prostates enlarge impede tumor growth,” Hughes said. […] Our simulations show that a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia creates mechanical stress fields in the prostate that impede prostatic tumor growth and limit its invasiveness.
  • #13 A radiomics based method for prediction of prostate cancer Gleason score using enlarged region of interest | BMC Medical Imaging | Full Text
    https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12880-023-01167-3
    Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers in men worldwide. The challenge in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) is not only to detect cancers but also to distinguish between non-clinically significant and clinically significant PCa. The current international standard for assessing the malignancy of prostate cancer is Gleason score (GS). GS is a staging method most commonly used in prostate cancer histology to assess aggressiveness with higher GS indicating more biologically aggressive cancer. […] Aggressiveness of PCa is associated with GS. It is important to distinguish the non-clinically significant cancers (Gleason 3+3, ISUP grade 1) from clinically significant cancers (Gleason 3+4 and above, ISUP grade2), and to determine whether a patient should receive conservative treatment, such as active surveillance or local therapy, or surgical resection to improve survival and minimize the risk of missing the optimal treatment time or overtreatment.
  • #14 A radiomics based method for prediction of prostate cancer Gleason score using enlarged region of interest | BMC Medical Imaging | Full Text
    https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12880-023-01167-3
    Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers in men worldwide. The challenge in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) is not only to detect cancers but also to distinguish between non-clinically significant and clinically significant PCa. The current international standard for assessing the malignancy of prostate cancer is Gleason score (GS). GS is a staging method most commonly used in prostate cancer histology to assess aggressiveness with higher GS indicating more biologically aggressive cancer. […] Aggressiveness of PCa is associated with GS. It is important to distinguish the non-clinically significant cancers (Gleason 3+3, ISUP grade 1) from clinically significant cancers (Gleason 3+4 and above, ISUP grade2), and to determine whether a patient should receive conservative treatment, such as active surveillance or local therapy, or surgical resection to improve survival and minimize the risk of missing the optimal treatment time or overtreatment.
  • #15 A radiomics based method for prediction of prostate cancer Gleason score using enlarged region of interest | BMC Medical Imaging | Full Text
    https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12880-023-01167-3
    Distinguishing between them therefore has a significant impact on treatment decisions and patient prognosis. […] Our results indicate the research significance and value of this study for determining the GS for prostate cancer using the expansion of the ROI region. […] The final classification accuracy for clinically significant (Gleason 3+4 and above, ISUP grade2) and non-significant cancers (Gleason 3+3, ISUP grade 1) was 80.67%. The classification accuracy of Gleason 3+4 (ISUP grade 2) and Gleason 4+3 and above (ISUP grade3) was 88.42%. […] The classification results indicate the research significance and value of this study on the determination of Gleason score for prostate cancer based on ROI expansion using tumor heterogeneity.
  • #16 Individual prognosis at diagnosis in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: Development and external validation of the PREDICT Prostate multivariable model | PLOS Medicine
    https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002758
    Prognostic stratification is the cornerstone of management in nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa). […] To address this unmet need, we developed an individualised prognostic model that contextualises PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) against other cause mortality, and estimates the impact of treatment on survival. […] A multivariable model estimating individualised 10- and 15-year survival outcomes was constructed combining age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), histological grade, biopsy core involvement, stage, and primary treatment, which were each independent prognostic factors for PCSM, and age and comorbidity, which were prognostic for NPCM. […] PREDICT Prostate is an individualised multivariable PCa prognostic model built from baseline diagnostic information and the first to our knowledge that models potential treatment benefits on overall survival. […] The model has the potential to enable well-informed and standardised decision-making and reduce both over- and undertreatment.
  • #17 Individual prognosis at diagnosis in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: Development and external validation of the PREDICT Prostate multivariable model | PLOS Medicine
    https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002758
    Prognostic stratification is the cornerstone of management in nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa). […] To address this unmet need, we developed an individualised prognostic model that contextualises PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) against other cause mortality, and estimates the impact of treatment on survival. […] A multivariable model estimating individualised 10- and 15-year survival outcomes was constructed combining age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), histological grade, biopsy core involvement, stage, and primary treatment, which were each independent prognostic factors for PCSM, and age and comorbidity, which were prognostic for NPCM. […] PREDICT Prostate is an individualised multivariable PCa prognostic model built from baseline diagnostic information and the first to our knowledge that models potential treatment benefits on overall survival. […] The model has the potential to enable well-informed and standardised decision-making and reduce both over- and undertreatment.
  • #18 Individual prognosis at diagnosis in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: Development and external validation of the PREDICT Prostate multivariable model | PLOS Medicine
    https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002758
    Prognostic stratification is the cornerstone of management in nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa). […] To address this unmet need, we developed an individualised prognostic model that contextualises PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) against other cause mortality, and estimates the impact of treatment on survival. […] A multivariable model estimating individualised 10- and 15-year survival outcomes was constructed combining age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), histological grade, biopsy core involvement, stage, and primary treatment, which were each independent prognostic factors for PCSM, and age and comorbidity, which were prognostic for NPCM. […] PREDICT Prostate is an individualised multivariable PCa prognostic model built from baseline diagnostic information and the first to our knowledge that models potential treatment benefits on overall survival. […] The model has the potential to enable well-informed and standardised decision-making and reduce both over- and undertreatment.
  • #19 Survey reveals low levels of awareness in men about prostate health and function – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/news/survey-reveals-low-levels-of-awareness-in-men-about-prostate-health-and-function
    There are multiple treatment options for an enlarged prostate, which include medical treatment, surgery through the urethra or lower abdomen, laser therapy, water vapour therapy, a change in diet or injections. […] Van Poppel concludes, Every patients condition differs but, together with a specialised urologist, they should be able to make an informed decision on what their optimal treatment is.
  • #20 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia
    The outlook for people with BPH is very good. BPH doesn’t have a cure, but treatments can help alleviate your symptoms. Mild symptoms may not require treatment. Medications, surgery and minimally invasive treatments can treat more severe cases. […] Without treatment, BPH can cause further blockage in your urethra, and your symptoms may worsen. It may also cause urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, blood in your pee (hematuria), and kidney damage due to pee backflow from your bladder up to your kidney. The pee backflow increases pressure on your kidney. […] If you have mild BPH, you and your healthcare provider may choose to monitor your symptoms through regular appointments. If BPH affects your quality of life, treatments can help shrink your prostate.
  • #21 Survey reveals low levels of awareness in men about prostate health and function – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/news/survey-reveals-low-levels-of-awareness-in-men-about-prostate-health-and-function
    There are multiple treatment options for an enlarged prostate, which include medical treatment, surgery through the urethra or lower abdomen, laser therapy, water vapour therapy, a change in diet or injections. […] Van Poppel concludes, Every patients condition differs but, together with a specialised urologist, they should be able to make an informed decision on what their optimal treatment is.
  • #22 Survey reveals low levels of awareness in men about prostate health and function – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/news/survey-reveals-low-levels-of-awareness-in-men-about-prostate-health-and-function
    Awareness of prostate health is alarmingly low in men over 50, a new survey commissioned by the European Association of Urology (EAU) has revealed, despite the fact that at the age of 60 and over, 40 percent of men suffer from an enlarged prostate. […] The study revealed a variety of misconceptions surrounding prostate health and, in particular, enlarged prostates (also known as benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or hyperplasia (BPH)) with just 38 percent of respondents able to correctly identify the disorder. […] The cause of an enlarged prostate is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes as men age. […] The symptoms are often mild, but the severity can impair quality of life and research suggests that men with moderate or severe symptoms have an increased risk of serious heart conditions, such as stroke and cardiac death.
  • #23 Survey reveals low levels of awareness in men about prostate health and function – Uroweb
    https://uroweb.org/news/survey-reveals-low-levels-of-awareness-in-men-about-prostate-health-and-function
    Awareness of prostate health is alarmingly low in men over 50, a new survey commissioned by the European Association of Urology (EAU) has revealed, despite the fact that at the age of 60 and over, 40 percent of men suffer from an enlarged prostate. […] The study revealed a variety of misconceptions surrounding prostate health and, in particular, enlarged prostates (also known as benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or hyperplasia (BPH)) with just 38 percent of respondents able to correctly identify the disorder. […] The cause of an enlarged prostate is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes as men age. […] The symptoms are often mild, but the severity can impair quality of life and research suggests that men with moderate or severe symptoms have an increased risk of serious heart conditions, such as stroke and cardiac death.