Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  If tests show that you’re having or will have a miscarriage, your health care team might recommend one of the following treatment choices: […] Expectant management. If you have no symptoms of an infection, you might choose to let the miscarriage progress naturally. This often happens within a couple of weeks of finding that the embryo has died. But it might take up to eight weeks. This can be an emotional time. Most often, expectant management is used in the first trimester. If the pregnancy tissue isn’t passed from the body on its own, you’ll need treatment with medicines or surgery. […] Medical treatment. This helps the uterus pass pregnancy tissue out of the body. A combination of the medicines mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec) is more effective than is misoprostol alone. Combined treatment has a higher rate of helping the body release all remaining pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol also is linked with a lower risk of needing surgery to complete treatment compared with misoprostol alone.

• #2 Miscarriage: Causes, Symptoms, Risks, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9688-miscarriage

  A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation. Most miscarriages happen in the first trimester of pregnancy. Chromosomal problems cause most miscarriages. […] If you experience the loss of a pregnancy, the fetus must be removed from your uterus. If any parts of the pregnancy are left inside your body, you could experience infection, bleeding or other complications. […] If your body doesn’t remove all the tissue on its own or you haven’t started to bleed, your pregnancy care provider will recommend removing the tissue with medication or surgery. […] Your pregnancy care provider may recommend waiting to see if you pass the pregnancy on your own. This may be the case if you have a missed miscarriage. […] If a miscarriage wasn’t confirmed, but you had symptoms of a miscarriage, your provider may prescribe bed rest for several days.

• #3

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Understanding your treatment options may help you to feel more in control. Once an ultrasound confirms a miscarriage will occur, there are three treatment options available to you: Expectant management, Medical management, Surgical management (Dilation and curettage or 'DC’). These options are safe and do not affect your future pregnancies. Your healthcare provider will discuss each of these with you to help you determine the best option for you. […] Expectant management is when you wait for the miscarriage to occur on its own. Approximately 50% of patients will miscarry on their own within 2 weeks of a diagnosis of pregnancy demise in the first trimester. The timing of miscarriage can vary significantly. It can sometimes take up to 6-8 weeks for miscarriage to occur after diagnosis. Most who choose expectant management will have a complete miscarriage on their own, however approximately 1 in 4 will need an emergency dilation and curettage (DC), a surgical procedure to make sure all the pregnancy tissue is removed.

• #4 Common Treatments for Miscarriage | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p85.html

  A miscarriage is something that happens when a pregnancy stops growing. It is sometimes found when women have bleeding in early pregnancy, or it may be found during routine tests. […] If you are having a miscarriage and the pregnancy tissue hasn’t fully come out, there are three treatment options: […] All three treatment options are safe and will not affect your ability to get pregnant. […] The most effective treatment for you may depend on the type of miscarriage you have: […] Many women choose to watch and wait as their first option. If this takes too long, you can come back to the doctor at any time to try another option. If medicine doesn’t work, you may come back for a suction procedure. A suction procedure works 100 percent of the time with any type of miscarriage. […] What to expect if you choose to watch and wait: Cramping and bleeding can start at any time.

• #5 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Miscarriage, the loss of a pregnancy thats in the uterus, is common. It happens in about 1 in 10 women who know theyre pregnant. But many people dont know what to expect afterward. […] The vast majority of miscarriages happen in the first trimester, before 13 weeks of pregnancy. Most occur before 10 weeks. In this article, Ill discuss the treatment options for first-trimester miscarriage, also called early pregnancy loss. Second-trimester miscarriage usually requires different treatments. […] There are three main treatments for early pregnancy loss. The goal for all three is to remove any pregnancy tissue left in the uterus. There are two nonsurgical treatments: expectant management (letting the tissue pass on its own) and medication. The third treatment is a surgical procedure called dilation and curettage (also known as DC or suction curettage).

• #6 Office Management of Early Pregnancy Loss | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p75.html

  After being counseled on her options, the patient should be allowed to select her treatment. […] Numerous studies have shown misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, to be a safe and effective treatment for early pregnancy loss. […] Uterine aspiration with a manual vacuum is a safe and effective procedure amenable to the primary care setting. […] Following pregnancy loss, antibiotics are indicated only if infection is suspected. […] Regardless of management choice, all women experiencing an early pregnancy loss should be counseled about when and how to contact their physician. […] It is also important that the woman be an active participant in her miscarriage management, because better mental health outcomes have been associated with having had a choice in the treatment process.

• #7 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  If tests show that you’re having or will have a miscarriage, your health care team might recommend one of the following treatment choices: […] Expectant management. If you have no symptoms of an infection, you might choose to let the miscarriage progress naturally. This often happens within a couple of weeks of finding that the embryo has died. But it might take up to eight weeks. This can be an emotional time. Most often, expectant management is used in the first trimester. If the pregnancy tissue isn’t passed from the body on its own, you’ll need treatment with medicines or surgery. […] Medical treatment. This helps the uterus pass pregnancy tissue out of the body. A combination of the medicines mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec) is more effective than is misoprostol alone. Combined treatment has a higher rate of helping the body release all remaining pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol also is linked with a lower risk of needing surgery to complete treatment compared with misoprostol alone.

• #8 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Expectant management is chosen by patients who do not want to be treated with medication or surgery and feel that this management strategy is the most natural approach and associated with the least iatrogenic interventions. The pregnancy tissue is passed outside the hospital or doctors office. When the bleeding will start and the pregnancy tissue be passed is unpredictable and thus difficult to plan. […] Medical treatment of miscarriage provides patients with more control over the timing, location and circumstances at the onset of bleeding and passage of pregnancy tissue. In the international guidelines of ACOG, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)/NICE and of FIGO, medical management in the first trimenon has been described as a valid alternative to surgical management. Likewise, two Cochrane analyses arrived at the conclusion that medical management is safe and effective and associated with high patient satisfaction.

• #9

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Understanding your treatment options may help you to feel more in control. Once an ultrasound confirms a miscarriage will occur, there are three treatment options available to you: Expectant management, Medical management, Surgical management (Dilation and curettage or 'DC’). These options are safe and do not affect your future pregnancies. Your healthcare provider will discuss each of these with you to help you determine the best option for you. […] Expectant management is when you wait for the miscarriage to occur on its own. Approximately 50% of patients will miscarry on their own within 2 weeks of a diagnosis of pregnancy demise in the first trimester. The timing of miscarriage can vary significantly. It can sometimes take up to 6-8 weeks for miscarriage to occur after diagnosis. Most who choose expectant management will have a complete miscarriage on their own, however approximately 1 in 4 will need an emergency dilation and curettage (DC), a surgical procedure to make sure all the pregnancy tissue is removed.

• #10 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Expectant management is chosen by patients who do not want to be treated with medication or surgery and feel that this management strategy is the most natural approach and associated with the least iatrogenic interventions. The pregnancy tissue is passed outside the hospital or doctors office. When the bleeding will start and the pregnancy tissue be passed is unpredictable and thus difficult to plan. […] Medical treatment of miscarriage provides patients with more control over the timing, location and circumstances at the onset of bleeding and passage of pregnancy tissue. In the international guidelines of ACOG, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)/NICE and of FIGO, medical management in the first trimenon has been described as a valid alternative to surgical management. Likewise, two Cochrane analyses arrived at the conclusion that medical management is safe and effective and associated with high patient satisfaction.

• #11 Natural Miscarriage: What to Expect As You Miscarry at Home

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/natural-miscarriage

  A miscarriage is the loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation. Babies born before 20 weeks do not have developed enough lungs to survive. Most miscarriages happen before week 12. […] If you have a natural miscarriage, it means you miscarry the contents of your uterus without medical interventions such as surgery or medication. This isn’t always possible, and that’s OK. But in many scenarios, it’s an option. […] Your doctor may have given you the option to let your miscarriage progress naturally what’s called expectant management. […] Some options to manage miscarriage include: […] There are drugs, like misoprostol, that can help start the miscarriage if it’s not starting on its own. They work by making the uterus contract and expel the fetal tissue, placenta, and other contents through the cervix.

• #12

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Understanding your treatment options may help you to feel more in control. Once an ultrasound confirms a miscarriage will occur, there are three treatment options available to you: Expectant management, Medical management, Surgical management (Dilation and curettage or 'DC’). These options are safe and do not affect your future pregnancies. Your healthcare provider will discuss each of these with you to help you determine the best option for you. […] Expectant management is when you wait for the miscarriage to occur on its own. Approximately 50% of patients will miscarry on their own within 2 weeks of a diagnosis of pregnancy demise in the first trimester. The timing of miscarriage can vary significantly. It can sometimes take up to 6-8 weeks for miscarriage to occur after diagnosis. Most who choose expectant management will have a complete miscarriage on their own, however approximately 1 in 4 will need an emergency dilation and curettage (DC), a surgical procedure to make sure all the pregnancy tissue is removed.

• #13 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Expectant management is giving your body time to pass the tissue on its own. This doesnt involve medication or surgery. Some women choose this because its the most natural option, but it is more unpredictable than other treatments. […] Medication works faster and is more predictable. Some women choose medication that helps their body remove any leftover tissue. These drugs are absorbed through the cheek in the mouth or through the vagina. Cramping or bleeding usually starts within a few hours. Most women pass the tissue within 48 hours and dont need any other treatment. […] A DC is the most predictable treatment. During a DC, your ob-gyn passes a small tool through the cervix and into the uterus to remove the tissue. Some women choose this option because they want a faster, more certain treatment. And if youre already bleeding heavily, its the safest option.

• #14 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #15

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Understanding your treatment options may help you to feel more in control. Once an ultrasound confirms a miscarriage will occur, there are three treatment options available to you: Expectant management, Medical management, Surgical management (Dilation and curettage or 'DC’). These options are safe and do not affect your future pregnancies. Your healthcare provider will discuss each of these with you to help you determine the best option for you. […] Expectant management is when you wait for the miscarriage to occur on its own. Approximately 50% of patients will miscarry on their own within 2 weeks of a diagnosis of pregnancy demise in the first trimester. The timing of miscarriage can vary significantly. It can sometimes take up to 6-8 weeks for miscarriage to occur after diagnosis. Most who choose expectant management will have a complete miscarriage on their own, however approximately 1 in 4 will need an emergency dilation and curettage (DC), a surgical procedure to make sure all the pregnancy tissue is removed.

• #16

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Understanding your treatment options may help you to feel more in control. Once an ultrasound confirms a miscarriage will occur, there are three treatment options available to you: Expectant management, Medical management, Surgical management (Dilation and curettage or 'DC’). These options are safe and do not affect your future pregnancies. Your healthcare provider will discuss each of these with you to help you determine the best option for you. […] Expectant management is when you wait for the miscarriage to occur on its own. Approximately 50% of patients will miscarry on their own within 2 weeks of a diagnosis of pregnancy demise in the first trimester. The timing of miscarriage can vary significantly. It can sometimes take up to 6-8 weeks for miscarriage to occur after diagnosis. Most who choose expectant management will have a complete miscarriage on their own, however approximately 1 in 4 will need an emergency dilation and curettage (DC), a surgical procedure to make sure all the pregnancy tissue is removed.

• #17 Common Treatments for Miscarriage | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p85.html

  A miscarriage is something that happens when a pregnancy stops growing. It is sometimes found when women have bleeding in early pregnancy, or it may be found during routine tests. […] If you are having a miscarriage and the pregnancy tissue hasn’t fully come out, there are three treatment options: […] All three treatment options are safe and will not affect your ability to get pregnant. […] The most effective treatment for you may depend on the type of miscarriage you have: […] Many women choose to watch and wait as their first option. If this takes too long, you can come back to the doctor at any time to try another option. If medicine doesn’t work, you may come back for a suction procedure. A suction procedure works 100 percent of the time with any type of miscarriage. […] What to expect if you choose to watch and wait: Cramping and bleeding can start at any time.

• #18 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  If tests show that you’re having or will have a miscarriage, your health care team might recommend one of the following treatment choices: […] Expectant management. If you have no symptoms of an infection, you might choose to let the miscarriage progress naturally. This often happens within a couple of weeks of finding that the embryo has died. But it might take up to eight weeks. This can be an emotional time. Most often, expectant management is used in the first trimester. If the pregnancy tissue isn’t passed from the body on its own, you’ll need treatment with medicines or surgery. […] Medical treatment. This helps the uterus pass pregnancy tissue out of the body. A combination of the medicines mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec) is more effective than is misoprostol alone. Combined treatment has a higher rate of helping the body release all remaining pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol also is linked with a lower risk of needing surgery to complete treatment compared with misoprostol alone.

• #19 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Expectant management is giving your body time to pass the tissue on its own. This doesnt involve medication or surgery. Some women choose this because its the most natural option, but it is more unpredictable than other treatments. […] Medication works faster and is more predictable. Some women choose medication that helps their body remove any leftover tissue. These drugs are absorbed through the cheek in the mouth or through the vagina. Cramping or bleeding usually starts within a few hours. Most women pass the tissue within 48 hours and dont need any other treatment. […] A DC is the most predictable treatment. During a DC, your ob-gyn passes a small tool through the cervix and into the uterus to remove the tissue. Some women choose this option because they want a faster, more certain treatment. And if youre already bleeding heavily, its the safest option.

• #20 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  If tests show that you’re having or will have a miscarriage, your health care team might recommend one of the following treatment choices: […] Expectant management. If you have no symptoms of an infection, you might choose to let the miscarriage progress naturally. This often happens within a couple of weeks of finding that the embryo has died. But it might take up to eight weeks. This can be an emotional time. Most often, expectant management is used in the first trimester. If the pregnancy tissue isn’t passed from the body on its own, you’ll need treatment with medicines or surgery. […] Medical treatment. This helps the uterus pass pregnancy tissue out of the body. A combination of the medicines mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec) is more effective than is misoprostol alone. Combined treatment has a higher rate of helping the body release all remaining pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol also is linked with a lower risk of needing surgery to complete treatment compared with misoprostol alone.

• #21

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/medical-management-of-miscarriage

  A minor surgical procedure is performed to remove the pregnancy tissues from the womb usually under general anaesthesia. This is successful in about 95-99% of women. […] You will be given 2 types of tablets, taken 24-48 hours apart. […] Mifepristone This involves swallowing the tablet, which blocks the pregnancy hormones from acting on the womb and cervix in preparation for expulsion of the pregnancy tissues from the womb. […] Misoprostol It works by causing contractions of the womb and relaxation of the cervix which helps to expel the pregnancy tissues. […] Once the fetus/pregnancy tissue is expelled, you will be assessed to determine if any portion of the pregnancy tissues are still retained inside the womb. […] Should there be any, you may require a minor surgery under anaesthesia to remove them. […] Some women may experience long-term emotional problems after a miscarriage. You should talk to your doctor about these feelings.

• #22

  http://www.bcwomens.ca/health-info/pregnancy-parenting/miscarriage/treatment-options-for-miscarriage

  Medical management allows you to miscarry at home with greater control over when it may occur. In BC, medical management is possible using a 2-drug combination of mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone helps to prepare your uterus for miscarriage, followed by misoprostol 24-48 hours later which helps the cervix soften and dilate to expedite the miscarriage. Depending on the timing of your pregnancy demise, this 2-drug combination can be up to 92% successful in completing your miscarriage. […] Dilation and curettage (DC) is a surgical procedure in which the cervix is gently opened (dilation) and the pregnancy is removed with a suction device (curettage). Depending on your health history and the size of the pregnancy demise, your provider may recommend this procedure for you.

• #23

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/medical-management-of-miscarriage

  A minor surgical procedure is performed to remove the pregnancy tissues from the womb usually under general anaesthesia. This is successful in about 95-99% of women. […] You will be given 2 types of tablets, taken 24-48 hours apart. […] Mifepristone This involves swallowing the tablet, which blocks the pregnancy hormones from acting on the womb and cervix in preparation for expulsion of the pregnancy tissues from the womb. […] Misoprostol It works by causing contractions of the womb and relaxation of the cervix which helps to expel the pregnancy tissues. […] Once the fetus/pregnancy tissue is expelled, you will be assessed to determine if any portion of the pregnancy tissues are still retained inside the womb. […] Should there be any, you may require a minor surgery under anaesthesia to remove them. […] Some women may experience long-term emotional problems after a miscarriage. You should talk to your doctor about these feelings.

• #24 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  If tests show that you’re having or will have a miscarriage, your health care team might recommend one of the following treatment choices: […] Expectant management. If you have no symptoms of an infection, you might choose to let the miscarriage progress naturally. This often happens within a couple of weeks of finding that the embryo has died. But it might take up to eight weeks. This can be an emotional time. Most often, expectant management is used in the first trimester. If the pregnancy tissue isn’t passed from the body on its own, you’ll need treatment with medicines or surgery. […] Medical treatment. This helps the uterus pass pregnancy tissue out of the body. A combination of the medicines mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec) is more effective than is misoprostol alone. Combined treatment has a higher rate of helping the body release all remaining pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone combined with misoprostol also is linked with a lower risk of needing surgery to complete treatment compared with misoprostol alone.

• #25 Restrictions On Mifepristone Limit Women’s Access To Miscarriage Treatment : Shots – Health News : NPR

  https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/01/10/666957368/a-drug-that-eases-miscarriages-is-difficult-for-women-to-get

  In Schreiber’s study, which followed 300 women who were miscarrying, the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol was more effective in helping patients expel the miscarriage. […] The overall success rate was 90 percent for patients who took both medications, and 76 percent for those who who got misoprostol alone. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists now officially recommends the two-drug regimen. […] Mifepristone is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration under what’s called a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, a designation the agency uses for extra safety oversight that affects how a medication is distributed. […] The REMS restrictions mean that mifepristone is not available in commercial pharmacies; a doctor can’t prescribe it for pickup at a CVS or Walmart.

• #26 Early Pregnancy Loss | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2018/11/early-pregnancy-loss

  Misoprostol-based regimens have been extensively studied for the medical management of early pregnancy loss. […] The addition of a dose of mifepristone (200 mg orally) 24 hours before misoprostol administration may significantly improve treatment efficacy and should be considered when mifepristone is available. […] Surgical uterine evacuation has long been the traditional approach for women presenting with early pregnancy loss and retained tissue. […] Studies have demonstrated that expectant, medical, and surgical management of early pregnancy loss all result in complete evacuation of pregnancy tissue in most patients, and serious complications are rare. […] Overall, serious complications after early pregnancy loss treatment are rare and are comparable across treatment types. […] There are no effective interventions to prevent early pregnancy loss.

• #27 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #28 Medical Management of MiscarriageCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/miscarriage-information-and-support/your-options-and-decisions/medical-management

  Medical management is successful in 85% of cases. This means it will be successful in 85 out of 100 women and birthing people who have it. […] You may bleed for 2- 3 weeks or more. You’ll be asked to do a pregnancy test after about 4 weeks. If it’s still positive, you should contact your Early Pregnancy Assessment Service. If the treatment has not worked, you will be offered an operation (surgical management).

• #29 Restrictions On Mifepristone Limit Women’s Access To Miscarriage Treatment : Shots – Health News : NPR

  https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/01/10/666957368/a-drug-that-eases-miscarriages-is-difficult-for-women-to-get

  In Schreiber’s study, which followed 300 women who were miscarrying, the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol was more effective in helping patients expel the miscarriage. […] The overall success rate was 90 percent for patients who took both medications, and 76 percent for those who who got misoprostol alone. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists now officially recommends the two-drug regimen. […] Mifepristone is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration under what’s called a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, a designation the agency uses for extra safety oversight that affects how a medication is distributed. […] The REMS restrictions mean that mifepristone is not available in commercial pharmacies; a doctor can’t prescribe it for pickup at a CVS or Walmart.

• #30 Early miscarriage treatment: 3 options

  https://www.inviafertility.com/blog/early-pregnancy/drvkarande/early-miscarriage-treatment/

  The drug that is commonly used for medical management of early pregnancy loss is Misoprostol (Cytotec) a prostaglandin E1 analogue. […] Cytotec will shorten the time to complete expulsion and at the same time it will make it possible to avoid surgery. […] Patients should be counseled that they will experience bleeding heavier than menses (can be accompanied by severe cramping). […] Surgical uterine evacuation has long been the traditional approach for women presenting with early pregnancy loss and retained tissue. […] It has the advantage of more immediate completion of the process with fewer follow-ups. […] All three approaches work and serious complications are rare. Surgery has the highest success rate (99%). […] Unfortunately, there are no effective interventions to prevent early pregnancy loss. […] The use of progesterone is controversial. Women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss may benefit from progesterone therapy in the first trimester.

• #31 Miscarriage care | BPAS

  https://www.bpas.org/more-services-information/pregnancy-miscarriage/miscarriage-care/

• #32 What is medical management of miscarriage? | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/medical-management-of-miscarriage

  Medical management of miscarriage means that you take medicine to help the pregnancy tissue leave your body. […] The medical management of miscarriage is when you take medicine to help the pregnancy tissue leave your body. […] Medical management of miscarriage involves taking medicines called misoprostol and mifepristone. […] Misoprostol helps your cervix open and your uterus contract. This lets the pregnancy tissue come away from your uterus. […] Your doctor may recommend misoprostol alone or a combination of misoprostol and mifepristone. You may need more doses of misoprostol after the first dose. […] After taking the medicine, you should rest for 3 hours. […] Common side effects of the medicines used in a medically managed miscarriage are: fever, vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea.

• #33 What are the signs of early miscarriage? | Family Planning | Obstetrics and Gynecology | UC Davis Health

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/obgyn/specialties/family-planning/early-pregnancy-miscarriage/signs-early-miscarriage

  This treatment uses medicines to cause the pregnancy tissue to pass from the uterus. The medicines cause cramping and bleeding, just like what will occur with natural passing of the pregnancy tissue. Using the medicines is like expectant management, except that you know when the pregnancy is going to pass. Most women will pass the pregnancy within 24 hours of taking the medication. Similar to expectant management, our doctors can review exactly what to expect, how much bleeding is too much bleeding, and what pain medications to use during treatment. If the pregnancy does not pass, you can repeat the medical treatment, have a suction aspiration, or continue to wait. […] This brief procedure can be done in the office or the operating room. The following steps occur regardless of the location:

• #34 Medical Management of MiscarriageCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/miscarriage-information-and-support/your-options-and-decisions/medical-management

  Medical management is successful in 85% of cases. This means it will be successful in 85 out of 100 women and birthing people who have it. […] You may bleed for 2- 3 weeks or more. You’ll be asked to do a pregnancy test after about 4 weeks. If it’s still positive, you should contact your Early Pregnancy Assessment Service. If the treatment has not worked, you will be offered an operation (surgical management).

• #35 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #36

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/medical-management-of-miscarriage

  A minor surgical procedure is performed to remove the pregnancy tissues from the womb usually under general anaesthesia. This is successful in about 95-99% of women. […] You will be given 2 types of tablets, taken 24-48 hours apart. […] Mifepristone This involves swallowing the tablet, which blocks the pregnancy hormones from acting on the womb and cervix in preparation for expulsion of the pregnancy tissues from the womb. […] Misoprostol It works by causing contractions of the womb and relaxation of the cervix which helps to expel the pregnancy tissues. […] Once the fetus/pregnancy tissue is expelled, you will be assessed to determine if any portion of the pregnancy tissues are still retained inside the womb. […] Should there be any, you may require a minor surgery under anaesthesia to remove them. […] Some women may experience long-term emotional problems after a miscarriage. You should talk to your doctor about these feelings.

• #37 Miscarriage – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354304

  Surgical treatment. Another option is a minor procedure called suction dilation and curettage (DC). During this procedure, your health care team opens your cervix and removes tissue from the inside of your uterus. The procedure also is called uterine aspiration. Complications are rare, but they might include damage to the connective tissue of the cervix or the wall of the uterus. You need surgical treatment if you have a miscarriage along with heavy bleeding or signs of an infection.

• #38 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Expectant management is giving your body time to pass the tissue on its own. This doesnt involve medication or surgery. Some women choose this because its the most natural option, but it is more unpredictable than other treatments. […] Medication works faster and is more predictable. Some women choose medication that helps their body remove any leftover tissue. These drugs are absorbed through the cheek in the mouth or through the vagina. Cramping or bleeding usually starts within a few hours. Most women pass the tissue within 48 hours and dont need any other treatment. […] A DC is the most predictable treatment. During a DC, your ob-gyn passes a small tool through the cervix and into the uterus to remove the tissue. Some women choose this option because they want a faster, more certain treatment. And if youre already bleeding heavily, its the safest option.

• #39 Office Management of Early Pregnancy Loss | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p75.html

  After being counseled on her options, the patient should be allowed to select her treatment. […] Numerous studies have shown misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, to be a safe and effective treatment for early pregnancy loss. […] Uterine aspiration with a manual vacuum is a safe and effective procedure amenable to the primary care setting. […] Following pregnancy loss, antibiotics are indicated only if infection is suspected. […] Regardless of management choice, all women experiencing an early pregnancy loss should be counseled about when and how to contact their physician. […] It is also important that the woman be an active participant in her miscarriage management, because better mental health outcomes have been associated with having had a choice in the treatment process.

• #40 How Do Abortion Bans Affect Miscarriage Treatment? What to Know — ProPublica

  https://www.propublica.org/article/miscarriage-abortion-bans-dilation-and-curettage-dilation-and-evacuation

  If a patient is bleeding heavily or showing signs of infection, doctors should recommend a procedure (DC or DE) to protect their health, medical experts say. […] A DC is a procedure to empty the uterus and is one of several safe ways to navigate pregnancy loss. […] Today, the simple procedure is usually used for pregnancies up to 12 weeks. Some prefer it as a quick and thorough way to complete a miscarriage and minimize ongoing pain and bleeding, as well as infection risks. For patients with heavy bleeding or infections in the first trimester, a DC could be lifesaving, doctors told us. […] A DE, or dilation and evacuation, is a procedure used in the second trimester to empty the uterus. […] For patients with heavy bleeding or infections in the second trimester, a DE could be lifesaving, doctors told us.

• #41

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/what-happens/

  If there’s still some pregnancy tissue in your womb, your options are: expectant management wait for the tissue to pass out of your womb naturally […] medical management take medicine that causes the tissue to pass out of your womb […] surgical management have the tissue surgically removed. […] You may choose to have medicine to remove the tissue if you do not want to wait, or if it does not pass out naturally within 2 weeks. This involves taking tablets that cause the cervix to open, allowing the tissue to pass out. […] In some cases, surgery is used to remove any remaining pregnancy tissue. You may be advised to have immediate surgery if: you experience continuous heavy bleeding […] there’s evidence the pregnancy tissue has become infected […] medicine or waiting for the tissue to pass out naturally has been unsuccessful. […] Surgery involves removing any remaining tissue in your womb with a suction device.

• #42

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/what-happens/

  If there’s still some pregnancy tissue in your womb, your options are: expectant management wait for the tissue to pass out of your womb naturally […] medical management take medicine that causes the tissue to pass out of your womb […] surgical management have the tissue surgically removed. […] You may choose to have medicine to remove the tissue if you do not want to wait, or if it does not pass out naturally within 2 weeks. This involves taking tablets that cause the cervix to open, allowing the tissue to pass out. […] In some cases, surgery is used to remove any remaining pregnancy tissue. You may be advised to have immediate surgery if: you experience continuous heavy bleeding […] there’s evidence the pregnancy tissue has become infected […] medicine or waiting for the tissue to pass out naturally has been unsuccessful. […] Surgery involves removing any remaining tissue in your womb with a suction device.

• #43 Miscarriage – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/miscarriage

  Have a procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus: Usually, a flexible tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus and suction is used (dilation and curettage [D C] with suction). […] For a late miscarriage (between 12 and 20 weeks), doctors usually advise not to wait for the pregnancy to pass on its own, because this may cause serious pain or bleeding, and the pregnancy may not pass completely, causing infection. […] Late miscarriages are treated with one or more of the following options: […] A procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus: This is called a dilation and curettage (D C) or dilation and evacuation (D E) and is done with suction and/or other surgical instruments that are inserted through the vagina into the uterus. […] Medications to induce labor and thus expel the contents of the uterus: These medications may include misoprostol, sometimes with mifepristone (usually used earlier in the pregnancy) or oxytocin (usually used later in the pregnancy). […] Pain relievers are given as needed.

• #44 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Expectant management is giving your body time to pass the tissue on its own. This doesnt involve medication or surgery. Some women choose this because its the most natural option, but it is more unpredictable than other treatments. […] Medication works faster and is more predictable. Some women choose medication that helps their body remove any leftover tissue. These drugs are absorbed through the cheek in the mouth or through the vagina. Cramping or bleeding usually starts within a few hours. Most women pass the tissue within 48 hours and dont need any other treatment. […] A DC is the most predictable treatment. During a DC, your ob-gyn passes a small tool through the cervix and into the uterus to remove the tissue. Some women choose this option because they want a faster, more certain treatment. And if youre already bleeding heavily, its the safest option.

• #45 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #46 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #47 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  Approximately 12% of pregnancies end in an early miscarriage (up to week 12 + 0 of pregnancy). Over the past 10 to 15 years, two alternatives to curettage have appeared in the pertinent international treatment guidelines: expectant treatment and medical (drug) treatment. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options. […] Three effective and safe treatment options are available after a diagnosis of early miscarriage. Expectant treatment yields success rates of 6691%, depending on the type of miscarriage. Its complications include hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 12% of cases. If expectant therapy fails, subsequent treatment with misoprostol or curettage is indicated. Drug therapy with misoprostol yields a complete termination in 8195% of cases and is thus a valid alternative to expectant therapy, with the advantage of better planning capability. The vaginal application of misoprostol is the most effective means of administration, with the fewest side effects. Curettage is needed in 520% of cases. Suctional curettage has a success rate of 9798%, with an associated anesthesia-related risk of 0.2%, a 0.1% risk of perforation, and a 23% rate of repeat curettage.

• #48 Early Pregnancy Loss Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/266317-treatment

  Medical therapy using misoprostol is an acceptable alternative to surgical therapy for most women based upon these early data. The patient should be counseled regarding the risks and benefits of both. The advantages of medical therapy is that no surgical procedures are needed if it is successful. Passage of tissue should happen within a few days of receiving medical therapy. If it is not successful, then a surgical approach may follow. The risks for medical therapy include bleeding, infection, possible incomplete abortion, and possible failure of the medication to work. The advantage of a suction DC is that the procedure is scheduled and occurs at a known time. The risks of a DC include bleeding, infection, possible perforation of the uterus (as noted in Surgical Care), and possible Asherman syndrome after the procedure.

• #49 Early Pregnancy Loss Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/266317-treatment

  Medical therapy using misoprostol is an acceptable alternative to surgical therapy for most women based upon these early data. The patient should be counseled regarding the risks and benefits of both. The advantages of medical therapy is that no surgical procedures are needed if it is successful. Passage of tissue should happen within a few days of receiving medical therapy. If it is not successful, then a surgical approach may follow. The risks for medical therapy include bleeding, infection, possible incomplete abortion, and possible failure of the medication to work. The advantage of a suction DC is that the procedure is scheduled and occurs at a known time. The risks of a DC include bleeding, infection, possible perforation of the uterus (as noted in Surgical Care), and possible Asherman syndrome after the procedure.

• #50 What are the signs of early miscarriage? | Family Planning | Obstetrics and Gynecology | UC Davis Health

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/obgyn/specialties/family-planning/early-pregnancy-miscarriage/signs-early-miscarriage

  You may choose to have the procedure in the office or operating room based on your preferences different women have different needs. […] Bleeding may continue for several weeks after a miscarriage but tends to be much lighter with a suction aspiration. Any bleeding may change in color from bright red to pink or brown. Lower abdominal cramping in the few days after treatment is also common. Contact a doctor right away if: […] A void intercourse, douching, or using tampons for one week. Regular activities can be resumed right away, based on how you feel. Importantly, if you want to delay getting pregnant after the miscarriage, it will be very important to start an effective method of contraception.

• #51 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  If there is no acute indication for the surgical treatment of an early miscarriage, the patient can choose among three treatment options. Expectant and medical treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis. Curettage is the treatment of choice in the presence of infection, marked and persistent bleeding, hemodynamic instability, or a pre-existing coagulopathy. […] In most cases, routine, automatic surgical treatment of early miscarriage is no longer considered the standard of care. Both expectant management and medical (drug) treatment are safe alternatives to curettage. Each of the three treatment options is well accepted by patients and highly effective. However, there are significant differences regarding the treatment process, the duration of treatment and the side effect profile. Consequently, all three treatment options should be discussed in detail, including the respective advantages and disadvantages, with each patient so that the patient can make an informed decision.

• #52 Early Pregnancy Loss | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2018/11/early-pregnancy-loss

  Misoprostol-based regimens have been extensively studied for the medical management of early pregnancy loss. […] The addition of a dose of mifepristone (200 mg orally) 24 hours before misoprostol administration may significantly improve treatment efficacy and should be considered when mifepristone is available. […] Surgical uterine evacuation has long been the traditional approach for women presenting with early pregnancy loss and retained tissue. […] Studies have demonstrated that expectant, medical, and surgical management of early pregnancy loss all result in complete evacuation of pregnancy tissue in most patients, and serious complications are rare. […] Overall, serious complications after early pregnancy loss treatment are rare and are comparable across treatment types. […] There are no effective interventions to prevent early pregnancy loss.

• #53 Early Pregnancy Loss Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/266317-treatment

  Medical therapy using misoprostol is an acceptable alternative to surgical therapy for most women based upon these early data. The patient should be counseled regarding the risks and benefits of both. The advantages of medical therapy is that no surgical procedures are needed if it is successful. Passage of tissue should happen within a few days of receiving medical therapy. If it is not successful, then a surgical approach may follow. The risks for medical therapy include bleeding, infection, possible incomplete abortion, and possible failure of the medication to work. The advantage of a suction DC is that the procedure is scheduled and occurs at a known time. The risks of a DC include bleeding, infection, possible perforation of the uterus (as noted in Surgical Care), and possible Asherman syndrome after the procedure.

• #54 Miscarriage – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/early-pregnancy-disorders/miscarriage

  Have a procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus: Usually, a flexible tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus and suction is used (dilation and curettage [D C] with suction). […] For a late miscarriage (between 12 and 20 weeks), doctors usually advise not to wait for the pregnancy to pass on its own, because this may cause serious pain or bleeding, and the pregnancy may not pass completely, causing infection. […] Late miscarriages are treated with one or more of the following options: […] A procedure to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus: This is called a dilation and curettage (D C) or dilation and evacuation (D E) and is done with suction and/or other surgical instruments that are inserted through the vagina into the uterus. […] Medications to induce labor and thus expel the contents of the uterus: These medications may include misoprostol, sometimes with mifepristone (usually used earlier in the pregnancy) or oxytocin (usually used later in the pregnancy). […] Pain relievers are given as needed.

• #55 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  If there is no acute indication for the surgical treatment of an early miscarriage, the patient can choose among three treatment options. Expectant and medical treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis. Curettage is the treatment of choice in the presence of infection, marked and persistent bleeding, hemodynamic instability, or a pre-existing coagulopathy. […] In most cases, routine, automatic surgical treatment of early miscarriage is no longer considered the standard of care. Both expectant management and medical (drug) treatment are safe alternatives to curettage. Each of the three treatment options is well accepted by patients and highly effective. However, there are significant differences regarding the treatment process, the duration of treatment and the side effect profile. Consequently, all three treatment options should be discussed in detail, including the respective advantages and disadvantages, with each patient so that the patient can make an informed decision.

• #56 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  If there is no acute indication for the surgical treatment of an early miscarriage, the patient can choose among three treatment options. Expectant and medical treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis. Curettage is the treatment of choice in the presence of infection, marked and persistent bleeding, hemodynamic instability, or a pre-existing coagulopathy. […] In most cases, routine, automatic surgical treatment of early miscarriage is no longer considered the standard of care. Both expectant management and medical (drug) treatment are safe alternatives to curettage. Each of the three treatment options is well accepted by patients and highly effective. However, there are significant differences regarding the treatment process, the duration of treatment and the side effect profile. Consequently, all three treatment options should be discussed in detail, including the respective advantages and disadvantages, with each patient so that the patient can make an informed decision.

• #57 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  Many people trying to conceive may experience a miscarriage in their lifetime. […] When a miscarriage occurs two or three times, this is called recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). […] In many cases, its appropriate to continue trying to get pregnant without medical intervention. However, in certain situations, your doctor might suggest treatments to help reduce the risk for miscarriage. […] Surgery can fix some problems in the uterus (womb), like extra tissue that divides the uterus (septum), fibroids (benign tumors), or scar tissue. […] Correcting the shape of the inside of the uterus can often lower the chance for miscarriage. […] Women with autoimmune or blood clotting (thrombophilia) problems such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be treated with low-dose aspirin and heparin.

• #58 Miscarriage | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/miscarriage

  If you have repeat miscarriages in the first trimester, or if you have a miscarriage in the second trimester, your provider usually recommends tests to help find out the cause. Tests can include: […] Chromosome tests. […] Hormone tests. […] Blood tests to check your immune system. […] Looking at the uterus. […] It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. […] Most women get their period again 4 to 6 weeks after a miscarriage. […] It may take longer to recover emotionally from a miscarriage. You may have strong feelings of grief about the death of your baby. […] It’s OK to take time to grieve after a miscarriage. […] Ask your provider about support groups or services that can help you with recovery from grief. […] Tell your provider if you need help to deal with your grief.

• #59 Miscarriage | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/miscarriage

  If you have repeat miscarriages in the first trimester, or if you have a miscarriage in the second trimester, your provider usually recommends tests to help find out the cause. Tests can include: […] Chromosome tests. […] Hormone tests. […] Blood tests to check your immune system. […] Looking at the uterus. […] It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. […] Most women get their period again 4 to 6 weeks after a miscarriage. […] It may take longer to recover emotionally from a miscarriage. You may have strong feelings of grief about the death of your baby. […] It’s OK to take time to grieve after a miscarriage. […] Ask your provider about support groups or services that can help you with recovery from grief. […] Tell your provider if you need help to deal with your grief.

• #60 Miscarriage | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/miscarriage

  If you have repeat miscarriages in the first trimester, or if you have a miscarriage in the second trimester, your provider usually recommends tests to help find out the cause. Tests can include: […] Chromosome tests. […] Hormone tests. […] Blood tests to check your immune system. […] Looking at the uterus. […] It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. […] Most women get their period again 4 to 6 weeks after a miscarriage. […] It may take longer to recover emotionally from a miscarriage. You may have strong feelings of grief about the death of your baby. […] It’s OK to take time to grieve after a miscarriage. […] Ask your provider about support groups or services that can help you with recovery from grief. […] Tell your provider if you need help to deal with your grief.

• #61 Miscarriage | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/miscarriage

  If you have repeat miscarriages in the first trimester, or if you have a miscarriage in the second trimester, your provider usually recommends tests to help find out the cause. Tests can include: […] Chromosome tests. […] Hormone tests. […] Blood tests to check your immune system. […] Looking at the uterus. […] It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. […] Most women get their period again 4 to 6 weeks after a miscarriage. […] It may take longer to recover emotionally from a miscarriage. You may have strong feelings of grief about the death of your baby. […] It’s OK to take time to grieve after a miscarriage. […] Ask your provider about support groups or services that can help you with recovery from grief. […] Tell your provider if you need help to deal with your grief.

• #62 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  Many people trying to conceive may experience a miscarriage in their lifetime. […] When a miscarriage occurs two or three times, this is called recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). […] In many cases, its appropriate to continue trying to get pregnant without medical intervention. However, in certain situations, your doctor might suggest treatments to help reduce the risk for miscarriage. […] Surgery can fix some problems in the uterus (womb), like extra tissue that divides the uterus (septum), fibroids (benign tumors), or scar tissue. […] Correcting the shape of the inside of the uterus can often lower the chance for miscarriage. […] Women with autoimmune or blood clotting (thrombophilia) problems such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be treated with low-dose aspirin and heparin.

• #63 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  Many people trying to conceive may experience a miscarriage in their lifetime. […] When a miscarriage occurs two or three times, this is called recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). […] In many cases, its appropriate to continue trying to get pregnant without medical intervention. However, in certain situations, your doctor might suggest treatments to help reduce the risk for miscarriage. […] Surgery can fix some problems in the uterus (womb), like extra tissue that divides the uterus (septum), fibroids (benign tumors), or scar tissue. […] Correcting the shape of the inside of the uterus can often lower the chance for miscarriage. […] Women with autoimmune or blood clotting (thrombophilia) problems such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be treated with low-dose aspirin and heparin.

• #64 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  These medicines can be taken during pregnancy to lower the risk of miscarriage. […] Treating medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or high prolactin levels can improve the chances of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy. […] If one parent has a translocation, this causes fetuses to have chromosome imbalances that increase the likelihood of miscarriage. […] Your doctor might suggest fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing for a structural rearrangement (PGT-SR). […] Stopping cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and heavy alcohol use may increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy. […] Limiting caffeine intake may also help lower the risk for miscarriage. […] Being overweight has been linked with an increased risk of miscarriage, so healthy weight loss might also help pregnancy outcomes.

• #65 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  These medicines can be taken during pregnancy to lower the risk of miscarriage. […] Treating medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or high prolactin levels can improve the chances of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy. […] If one parent has a translocation, this causes fetuses to have chromosome imbalances that increase the likelihood of miscarriage. […] Your doctor might suggest fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing for a structural rearrangement (PGT-SR). […] Stopping cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and heavy alcohol use may increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy. […] Limiting caffeine intake may also help lower the risk for miscarriage. […] Being overweight has been linked with an increased risk of miscarriage, so healthy weight loss might also help pregnancy outcomes.

• #66 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  These medicines can be taken during pregnancy to lower the risk of miscarriage. […] Treating medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or high prolactin levels can improve the chances of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy. […] If one parent has a translocation, this causes fetuses to have chromosome imbalances that increase the likelihood of miscarriage. […] Your doctor might suggest fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing for a structural rearrangement (PGT-SR). […] Stopping cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and heavy alcohol use may increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy. […] Limiting caffeine intake may also help lower the risk for miscarriage. […] Being overweight has been linked with an increased risk of miscarriage, so healthy weight loss might also help pregnancy outcomes.

• #67 Recurrent miscarriage | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/recurrent-miscarriage/

  If you have a uterine septum you may be offered an operation to correct this. It is unclear whether surgery for fibroids or other conditions affecting the internal shape of your womb reduces your risk of miscarriage. […] If you have diabetes or thyroid disease, you will be supported to control this as well as possible before your next pregnancy. […] It is very common that recurrent miscarriage is unexplained. In this situation, there is currently no evidence that any form of medical treatment will reduce your chance of a further miscarriage. […] You and your partner should be offered information and support by your healthcare professionals and support groups are available.

• #68

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/afterwards/

  A miscarriage can have a profound emotional impact on you and also on your partner, friends and family. […] Advice and support are available during this difficult time. […] If you’re worried that you or your partner are having problems coping with grief, you may need further treatment and counselling. There are support groups that can provide or arrange counselling for people who have been affected by miscarriage. […] Your GP can provide you with support and advice. […] The Miscarriage Association is a charity that offers support to people who have lost a baby. […] Cruse Bereavement Care helps people understand their grief and cope with their loss. […] If you do want to get pregnant again, you may want to discuss it with your GP or hospital care team. Make sure you are feeling physically and emotionally well before trying for another pregnancy. […] Although it’s not usually possible to prevent a miscarriage, there are some ways you can reduce the risk. See preventing miscarriage for more information and advice.

• #69

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/miscarriage/recovery/

  A miscarriage can have a deep emotional impact on you and also on your partner, friends and family. […] Advice and support are available during this difficult time. […] Recovery after miscarriage can depend on: whether you had an early or late miscarriage, the treatment you had, if any, if you had complications. […] Most women with miscarriages under 12 weeks do not need follow-up care. […] If you had a late miscarriage, you will be given a follow-up appointment. […] Talk to your GP if you have any of these symptoms. They may suggest painkillers or medicine to stop you from producing milk. […] If you had a late miscarriage you will have a follow-up appointment. This may be at a specialist clinic. […] At this appointment, your doctor may discuss: what happened and try to answer any questions you may have, the results of any tests you had, the risk factors for miscarriage, plans for future pregnancies.

• #70 Counselling after a miscarriage or pregnancy loss – The Miscarriage Association

  https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/your-feelings/counselling-after-a-miscarriage/

  The Miscarriage Association does not provide a counselling service, but we know how helpful professional counselling can be. […] A good counsellor can help you understand more about yourself and find strategies to help you cope. […] Julia Bueno is an experienced UKCP registered counsellor and psychotherapist who has a particular interest in working with women who have struggled with fertility or suffered a loss during pregnancy. […] If you miscarried in hospital, ask what support is available there possibly at the early pregnancy unit (EPU) or via a perinatal bereavement team. This kind of specialist support may have a waiting list, but staff will be more experienced in pregnancy loss. […] Your GP may also refer you to counselling, although this may not be to a specialist in pregnancy loss. Sadly, there are often waiting lists for counselling via the NHS and many people end up looking for help privately.

• #71 Therapy For Miscarriages | Tribeca Therapy

  https://tribecatherapy.com/therapy-for-miscarriages

  Depending on your situation, sometimes bringing your partner into therapy can help you get unstuck together. […] One way that therapy can help you grieve is to encourage you to create a grief ritual. […] Acknowledgment of this loss is an important first step in griefit happened. […] A miscarriage is more than something that happened to youyour emotional relationship with the baby was lost.

• #72 Other Organisations That Can Support You After a MiscarriageCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/miscarriage-information-and-support/miscarriage-support/getting-more-support

  You are not alone. There are lots of organisations that can provide more advice and support after a miscarriage. […] If you are looking for support after IVF or other fertility treatment, you can also speak to your clinic. Most clinics have counselling services attached to them. […] The Miscarriage Association can help anyone affected by the loss of a baby in pregnancy. Their services include a pregnancy loss helpline and live chat service. They also offer face to face and Zoom support groups and Facebook peer support groups. […] Saying Goodbye provides information and support to anyone who has lost a baby in pregnancy, at birth or in infancy. […] Child Bereavement UK supports families when a baby or child of any age dies or is dying. […] Cruse Bereavement Care helps people understand their grief and cope with their loss.

• #73 Providing support following a miscarriage – Information for therapists – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/providing-support-following-a-miscarriage-information-for-therapists/

  One in 4 or 5 pregnancies end in miscarriage. If you are a therapist who works with women and couples in the childbearing years, miscarriage is likely to be encountered by some of your client population. […] Miscarriage is more than the loss of a pregnancy. It is the loss of a baby. Typically (for people who have planned a pregnancy), the loss of their baby represents the loss of hopes, dreams and plans for the future. […] The experience of miscarriage can be traumatic. […] When miscarriage occurs (especially multiple miscarriages), clients may feel like they have failed. They may fear being unable to have a baby. […] Clients are likely to have no explanation for the cause of their miscarriage. […] The experience of loss can exacerbate anxiety in subsequent pregnancies. […] Most importantly, therapy support involves listening and validating the feelings of grief and loss; providing a holding environment in which all thoughts and feelings can be expressed.

• #74 5 Ways To Cope After Miscarriage

  https://www.parents.com/how-to-cope-after-miscarriage-8731581

  As a grief therapist, many people come to me in the depths of loss. […] People who have experienced miscarriage often feel a sense of discomfort with their grief since they had never met their baby. […] Grieving a miscarriage can involve grieving the expectations made during the pregnancy, the role of parent to this specific child, the identity of parenthood itself, as well as a person’s private hopes and dreams. […] A miscarriage is a traumatic loss. It can lead to depression, anxiety, guilt, agitation, irritability, and numbness. […] In a 2015 study, researchers found that nearly 20% of those who experienced a miscarriage developed depression or anxiety, and their symptoms persisted for one to three years. […] Remember that your feelings are valid and important, and they need to be felt.

• #75 Providing support following a miscarriage – Information for therapists – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/providing-support-following-a-miscarriage-information-for-therapists/

  Although there are no particular interventions prescribed for grief counselling, you may draw upon a number of therapeutic approaches. […] In therapy, clients may look to you for the following: To be fully heard, To have their grief symptoms and trajectory of their grief normalised, To debrief their experience of loss, To discuss their feelings around the support or lack of support of family and friends, To managing fear and anxiety relating conceiving again and future pregnancies, Help with disentangling unhelpful beliefs and narratives, Self-care, Therapy for past and/or concurrent issues that have affected the clients life (that may have been triggered by the loss), Help with finding support groups. […] Understand grief, loss, and adaptation to loss, as a function of attachment. […] Apply therapeutic approaches to counselling clients who have experienced perinatal loss.

• #76 5 Ways To Cope After Miscarriage

  https://www.parents.com/how-to-cope-after-miscarriage-8731581

  Don’t rush back into a routine or feel you must carry the full load of your life during this time. […] In my therapy practice, I believe in integrating the loss into the parents’ life if the parents are open to it. […] Honoring your baby’s time with you and having the baby be a part of your story is integral to the grieving and healing process. […] Processing traumatic grief, such as a miscarriage, doesn’t have to be a solitary experience. […] I am always an advocate of reaching out to a trusted therapist who can support, guide, and be an ally in your grief journey. […] If your feelings become overwhelming, if it all feels like too much to bear, or if you find yourself isolating and feeling alone in your experience, I recommend reaching out to a professional. […] If you have been going through a miscarriage loss, you don’t have to go through the grief alone. […] However, you can start by allowing yourself to feel your feelings, letting others care for you, integrating the loss into your life, connecting with those who can relate, and reaching out to a trusted therapist.

• #77 Recurrent Miscarriage | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-services/gynaecology/gynaecology-patient-information/recurrent-miscarriage

  A miscarriage is the early loss of a pregnancy. […] Recurrent miscarriage is when this happens three or more times. […] If you have had recurrent miscarriages, you may be offered blood tests and a pelvic ultrasound scan to try and identify the reason for them. […] Despite careful investigations, it is often not possible to find a reason for recurrent miscarriage. […] For some women experiencing recurrent miscarriage, there is a specific reason for their losses. For others, however, their repeated miscarriages may be due to chance alone. […] For around half of women who have recurrent miscarriages, no underlying cause is found. […] Women who have supportive care from the beginning of a pregnancy have a better chance of a successful birth. […] There is some evidence that being under the care of a dedicated recurrent miscarriage service can reduce the risk of further miscarriage.

• #78 Navigating Recurrent Miscarriages: A Comprehensive Guide to Care

  https://fertility.womenandinfants.org/services/women/recurrent-miscarriage

  Recurrent miscarriage is when a woman has two or more clinical pregnancy losses (miscarriages). […] Treatments for recurrent miscarriage can involve lifestyle changes, medications, surgery or genetic tests to increase the chance of a successful pregnancy. […] Even after having three miscarriages, a woman has a 60 to 80 percent chance of conceiving and carrying a full-term pregnancy. […] Surgery can fix problems with a septate uterus and can eliminate some fibroids or scar tissue irregularities. […] If the patient has an autoimmune problem, such as APS, a doctor may prescribe blood thinning medications such as a low-dose aspirin or heparin. […] Treating medical problems such as abnormal blood sugar levels, thyroid issues or hormonal imbalances can improve the chances of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy.

• #79 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Whichever option you choose, call your ob-gyn if you have very heavy bleeding, a fever, or feel unwell. Dangerous bleeding and infection are a risk of all treatments, but these problems are rare. […] Physical recovery is usually quick. Most women resume their regular activities a day or two after they pass the tissue or have a DC. […] People have different emotional reactions. Some women feel sadness or grief. Others may feel relief. Some may feel a mixture of emotions. All these feelings are normal, and its important to allow yourself time to process them. […] Miscarriage isnt your fault. Women often worry that they somehow caused their miscarriage. This is not the case. Physical activity, stress, and sex dont cause miscarriages. Most happen because the pregnancy wasnt developing normally. […] Most women can have a healthy pregnancy after a miscarriage. Talk with your ob-gyn if you have concerns. Your ob-gyn can help ease your fears, answer any questions, and talk about preparing for your next pregnancy.

• #80 Early Pregnancy Loss (Miscarriage) – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/early-pregnancy-loss/

  After treatment, your doctor may recommend you not put anything into your vagina for a few weeks. This includes using tampons and having sex. This helps prevent infection. […] Everyone handles loss differently. Some patients who are pregnant may have trouble coping with the feelings that can go along with miscarriage. If you are very upset or feel like you need help, there are resources available. Talk to your doctor.

• #81 Miscarriage – Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/1st-trimester-bleeding-miscarriage-treatment/

  – If available F/U with OB/GYN for monitoring of miscarriage completion through expectant, medical, or surgical management often best. […] Completed Miscarriage: […] – F/U with primary OB provider (or Early Pregnancy Assessment Clinic if in the Lower Mainland) to ensure resolution of bleeding (< 72 hours). [...] C) Discharge planning: [...] - Discharge Instructions: Return to ED if: significant increase in bleeding, pain, lightheadedness or fainting, fever, foul-smelling discharge. [...] - F/U with main OB provider within 72 hours. [...] Counselling: [...] - Miscarriage and Bleeding in Early Pregnancy – Patient Information Sheet [...] Lower Mainland Resources for follow up: [...] - For TVUS, miscarriage management, grief/loss counselling, <13 weeks GA [...] - Early Pregnancy Assessment Clinic at BC Women’s Hospital

• #82 Miscarriage Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/miscarriage

  What happens to my body after a miscarriage? […] After miscarriage, it can take a few weeks to a few months for your body to recover. Depending on how far along the pregnancy was, you may still have pregnancy hormones in your bloodstream for one to two months after you miscarry. Most women get their period again four to six weeks after a pregnancy loss. […] When can I try to get pregnant again after miscarriage? […] Most doctors say you can try to get pregnant again after you’ve had at least one normal menstrual period. However, you may not be emotionally ready to try again right away. […] If you’re having medical tests to try to find out more about why you miscarried, you may need to wait until after you’ve had these tests to try to get pregnant again. […] Miscarriage can be emotional and sad, and you and your partner may need time to grieve. It’s OK if you want to wait a while before trying to get pregnant again. […] If you’re trying to conceive, start taking a prenatal vitamin with at least 400mcg of folic acid now even if you don’t get pregnant right away. The folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the very early stages of pregnancy.

• #83 Miscarriage | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/miscarriage

  If you have an Rh negative blood group, you will require an injection of anti-D immunoglobulin following a miscarriage. […] Although the common reasons for miscarriage cannot be prevented, you can improve your chances for long-term fertility and a successful pregnancy by: […] It is recommended that all women planning a pregnancy take folic acid as it helps promote the normal development of a babys nervous system.

• #84 Miscarriage: Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/understanding-miscarriage-treatment

  It’s common to feel sad after losing a pregnancy. Many couples feel the grief of losing a child. This is normal, so allow yourself time to grieve. […] Miscarriage can be a physical and emotional challenge for you and your partner. […] Although it’s possible to become pregnant right after a miscarriage, most experts recommend waiting until after you have had one or two normal menstrual cycles before trying to get pregnant again.

• #85 Treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/treatment-of-recurrent-pregnancy-loss2/

  These medicines can be taken during pregnancy to lower the risk of miscarriage. […] Treating medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or high prolactin levels can improve the chances of having a healthy, full-term pregnancy. […] If one parent has a translocation, this causes fetuses to have chromosome imbalances that increase the likelihood of miscarriage. […] Your doctor might suggest fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing for a structural rearrangement (PGT-SR). […] Stopping cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and heavy alcohol use may increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy. […] Limiting caffeine intake may also help lower the risk for miscarriage. […] Being overweight has been linked with an increased risk of miscarriage, so healthy weight loss might also help pregnancy outcomes.

• #86 Miscarriage Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/miscarriage

  What happens to my body after a miscarriage? […] After miscarriage, it can take a few weeks to a few months for your body to recover. Depending on how far along the pregnancy was, you may still have pregnancy hormones in your bloodstream for one to two months after you miscarry. Most women get their period again four to six weeks after a pregnancy loss. […] When can I try to get pregnant again after miscarriage? […] Most doctors say you can try to get pregnant again after you’ve had at least one normal menstrual period. However, you may not be emotionally ready to try again right away. […] If you’re having medical tests to try to find out more about why you miscarried, you may need to wait until after you’ve had these tests to try to get pregnant again. […] Miscarriage can be emotional and sad, and you and your partner may need time to grieve. It’s OK if you want to wait a while before trying to get pregnant again. […] If you’re trying to conceive, start taking a prenatal vitamin with at least 400mcg of folic acid now even if you don’t get pregnant right away. The folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the very early stages of pregnancy.

• #87 Recurrent miscarriage | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/recurrent-miscarriage/

  If you have a uterine septum you may be offered an operation to correct this. It is unclear whether surgery for fibroids or other conditions affecting the internal shape of your womb reduces your risk of miscarriage. […] If you have diabetes or thyroid disease, you will be supported to control this as well as possible before your next pregnancy. […] It is very common that recurrent miscarriage is unexplained. In this situation, there is currently no evidence that any form of medical treatment will reduce your chance of a further miscarriage. […] You and your partner should be offered information and support by your healthcare professionals and support groups are available.

• #88 What Happens After a Miscarriage? An Ob-Gyn Discusses the Options. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-happens-after-a-miscarriage-an-ob-gyn-discusses-the-options

  Whichever option you choose, call your ob-gyn if you have very heavy bleeding, a fever, or feel unwell. Dangerous bleeding and infection are a risk of all treatments, but these problems are rare. […] Physical recovery is usually quick. Most women resume their regular activities a day or two after they pass the tissue or have a DC. […] People have different emotional reactions. Some women feel sadness or grief. Others may feel relief. Some may feel a mixture of emotions. All these feelings are normal, and its important to allow yourself time to process them. […] Miscarriage isnt your fault. Women often worry that they somehow caused their miscarriage. This is not the case. Physical activity, stress, and sex dont cause miscarriages. Most happen because the pregnancy wasnt developing normally. […] Most women can have a healthy pregnancy after a miscarriage. Talk with your ob-gyn if you have concerns. Your ob-gyn can help ease your fears, answer any questions, and talk about preparing for your next pregnancy.

• #89 Treatment Options After a Diagnosis of Early Miscarriage: Expectant, Medical, and Surgical

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8864670/

  If there is no acute indication for the surgical treatment of an early miscarriage, the patient can choose among three treatment options. Expectant and medical treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis. Curettage is the treatment of choice in the presence of infection, marked and persistent bleeding, hemodynamic instability, or a pre-existing coagulopathy. […] In most cases, routine, automatic surgical treatment of early miscarriage is no longer considered the standard of care. Both expectant management and medical (drug) treatment are safe alternatives to curettage. Each of the three treatment options is well accepted by patients and highly effective. However, there are significant differences regarding the treatment process, the duration of treatment and the side effect profile. Consequently, all three treatment options should be discussed in detail, including the respective advantages and disadvantages, with each patient so that the patient can make an informed decision.

• #90 Compassionate Miscarriage Treatment Services in Michigan

  https://northlandfamilyplanning.com/services/miscarriage-treatment/

  This method is commonly referred to as a DC (dilation and curettage). Using an IPAS manual syringe or a vacuum aspirator to remove the contents of the uterus, this simple procedure can be completed in 3-5 minutes in our office. […] If you prefer an Expectant Management approach, or wait and see, we will refer you back to your family doctor or to a hospital emergency department. […] We want all of our patients to know that regardless of how you felt about this pregnancy before you started to miscarry, we will take good care of you physically and emotionally so you can take the next steps in your life. […] We understand that, and we welcome complex feelings. […] We want you to know that our sympathies are with you, as we know this loss hurts very much, not only for you but for your family as well.

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