Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hives and angioedema – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908

  Hives can cause swollen, itchy welts. Hives also is called urticaria. […] Angioedema causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often of the face and lips. It often goes away within a day. […] Hives that last longer than six weeks are called chronic hives. […] Angioedema can arise with hives or alone. It causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often around the face and lips. Short-lived (acute) hives and angioedema are common. Most times, they are harmless, clear up within in a day and don’t leave any lasting marks, even without treatment. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include swelling, especially around the eyes, cheeks or lips. […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #2 Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hives-(urticaria)-and-angioedema-overview

  Hives or welts, also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised, reddish areas on the skin. […] Angioedema is swelling below the surface of the skin and fatty tissue. Areas of angioedema swelling may be painful. Angioedema usually occurs in the face, throat, hands, and feet. […] Throat swelling can be life threatening and requires immediate medical attention. […] Hives may range in size from just a few millimeters to several centimeters. […] When hives occur for less than 6 weeks, we call this acute urticaria. When hives last longer than 6 weeks, we change the name to chronic urticaria. […] Sometimes the hives in chronic urticaria can occur with angioedema (swelling). […] Chronic inducible urticaria is caused by an environmental trigger such as heat, cold, or pressure applied to the skin.

• #3 Urticaria and Angioedema – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209/

  Urticaria consists of discrete areas of skin edema that are usually pruritic. Angioedema, which involves the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue, presents as localized areas of soft tissue swelling. Urticarial lesions are initially erythematous but often progress with central clearing to give a typical wheal and flare appearance. These lesions can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and may have serpiginous or polycyclic borders. Although most commonly involving the trunk and proximal extremities, the lesions can occur anywhere and are particularly common in areas of tight-fitting clothing. The lesions of angioedema are seldom pruritic but can produce an uncomfortable burning sensation and sometimes pain. Angioedema is most common in the loose tissues around the eyes and mouth. Urticaria and angioedema occur together in 49% of patients, urticaria is seen alone in 40%, and angioedema occurs alone in 11% of cases.

• #4 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep. […] Severe pain, blood blister-like spots, and bruising of the skin are not typical of hives. Having hives along with a fever and joint pains is also not typical. These symptoms suggest a different condition called urticarial vasculitis, which requires a different treatment. […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time.

• #5 Hives – Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hives-urticaria-angioedema

  Urticaria, also known as hives, is an outbreak of pale red bumps or welts on the skin that appear suddenly. The swelling that often comes with hives is called angioedema. […] You may also have angioedema, symptoms of which include: Puffy face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands, feet, and genitals. Swelling on one side of the body. Discomfort where the swelling has happened. Changes in skin color. […] Chronic urticaria can also affect organs such as the lungs, muscles, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include shortness of breath, muscle soreness, vomiting, and diarrhea. […] If you have hives with any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor right away: Dizziness, Wheezing, Trouble breathing, Tightness in the chest, Swelling of the tongue, lips, or face. […] Hives are itchy welts that can appear anywhere on your skin and sometimes last minutes or days. They may be a sign of serious issues, especially if you have trouble breathing. Hives happen when your body releases histamine due to various triggers, such as foods, drugs, insect bites, or infections.

• #6 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  HIVES SYMPTOMS […] Skin appearance — Hives are raised areas that itch intensely. Hives might look reddish in color on light-colored skin. The color changes can be hard to see on darker skin. In some cases, the raised areas enlarge and merge together. Itching is usually the most bothersome symptom of hives, and it may be severe enough to interfere with work and sleep. […] […] Angioedema — In up to one-half of people with hives, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema is similar to hives but occurs in the deeper layers of skin. Hives and angioedema can occur at the same time. […] Symptoms of angioedema include: […] – Puffiness of the face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands, feet, and genitalia […] – Swelling that usually affects one side of the body or affects one side more than the other

• #7 Hives, Urticaria, and Angioedema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/hives-urticaria-angioedema

  Hives are swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly. Hives usually itch, but they may also burn or sting. They can show up anywhere on your body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, and ears. Hives can change size rapidly and move around, disappearing in one place and reappearing in other places, often in a matter of hours. Hives can often appear and then clear up within a few hours. Some people have one flare-up and never get hives again. Its also possible to have many flare-ups. […] Angioedema is different. The swelling happens under the skin, not on the surface. Its marked by deep swelling around the eyes and lips and sometimes of the genitals, hands, and feet. It generally lasts longer than hives, but the swelling usually goes away in less than 24 hours. Its rare, but angioedema of the throat, tongue, or lungs can block your airways, making it hard to breathe.

• #8 Identifying & Coping with Hives & Angioedema | Allergy and Asthma

  https://www.floridamedicalclinic.com/condition/hives-and-angioedema/

  Hives (medically termed urticaria) are raised, itchy areas on the skin, ranging in size from small raised areas of skin to large welts. Angioedema, which may accompany hives or may occur on its own, is swelling below the skins surface. Angioedema generally appears on the face, neck, feet, and hands. […] Hives usually come and go within 24 hours. If new hives continue to appear for six weeks or longer, the condition is called chronic hives (aka chronic urticarial). Angioedema usually clears up in a few days. It can be life threatening if the swelling occurs in the tongue or throat and hinders breathing. […] People sometimes mistake hives and angioedema for one another, but the symptoms are distinct. […] Hives symptoms include welts that appear reddish or skin-colored on light skin, or purplish on dark skin, mild to severe itchiness, and skin may be warm to the touch. Hives range in size from tiny to large and can be contained to one small area or cover large areas of the body. Hives may disappear and then reappear, or new ones may develop elsewhere. The attack may subside in a day or last for a few days or a few weeks. […] Angioedema symptoms include swelling of the deeper soft tissue developing within a few minutes to several hours, often causing tenderness and warmth, and normally are not itchy. Typically forms on the face around the lips or eyes and usually lasts two or three days.

• #9 Angioedema: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22632-angioedema

  Swelling, or angioedema, is often an allergic reaction that affects parts of your face like your eyes or lips. If it affects your airways, its a medical emergency and you need to get help. […] Angioedema often happens at the same time as hives (urticaria) and for similar reasons. Both angioedema and hives happen when liquid from small blood vessels escapes and fills up tissues, causing swelling. […] Usually, angioedema comes on quickly and lasts about a day or two. It most often affects your lips and eyes. However, angioedema can be serious, even fatal, when it affects your airways. […] Signs and symptoms of angioedema include: Puffy or swollen face, especially your eyes and mouth, including lips and tongue. […] Swelling in your mouth, throat or airway that may make it harder to breathe and talk. When this happens, its a medical emergency. Get help right away.

• #10 Urticaria and angioedema – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/urticaria-and-angioedema/

  Urticaria is a common illness affecting up to 20% of people (one in 5 people) at some point in their lives. Urticaria presents with highly itchy raised skin reactions known as weals (also known as hives) that may be round or ring-shaped, and may join together. They come and go within hours. Weals can also appear as raised lines after scratching. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Individual weals typically disappear of their own accord within 24 hours without a trace but the condition lasts longer. Angio-oedema, swelling deep to the skin, often occurs in urticaria. Angio-oedema usually affects soft areas of skin, such as the eyelids, lips or inside the mouth but may occur anywhere. These swellings often take longer to clear and tend to be painful rather than itchy. Urticaria may present with weals alone, angio-oedema or both together.

• #11 Angioedema: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm

  Angioedema is swelling that is similar to hives, but the swelling is under the skin instead of on the surface. […] Hives and angioedema may also occur after infections. Angioedema may occur alone or with other illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, leukemia, and lymphoma). […] The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. Welts or swelling on the surface of the skin can also develop. […] The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. […] The welts are painful and may be itchy. This is known as hives (urticaria). They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful. […] Other symptoms may include: Abdominal cramping, Breathing difficulty, Swollen eyes and mouth, Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis).

• #12 Angioedema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/angioedema/

  The symptoms of angioedema can affect any part of the body, but swelling usually affects the eyes, lips, genitals, hands, and feet. […] Many people with angioedema also experience urticaria (hives). This is a raised, red and itchy rash that appears on the skin. […] The main sign of angioedema is swelling that develops below the skin’s surface. […] The swelling usually appears suddenly, and is more severe than normal hives (nettle rash). It commonly lasts 1 to 3 days. There may be a prickling sensation in the affected area before swelling is visible. […] As well as visible swellings, angioedema can cause other symptoms, including a hot or painful sensation in the swollen areas, swelling of the inside of the throat, the windpipe and the tongue, making breathing difficult, and swelling of the conjunctiva (the transparent layer of cells that cover the white part of the eye), which affects vision.

• #13 Angioneurotic Edema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560611/

  Angioneurotic edema is a relatively common presentation in the emergency department. It presents as unpredictable frequent edematous episodes of cutaneous and mucosal tissues such as lips, eyes, oral cavity, larynx, and gastrointestinal system. […] Urticaria (hives) and angioedema are part of a spectrum of allergic symptoms and occasionally have a non-allergic etiology. Laryngeal edema causing airway obstruction with the potentially fatal outcome if the diagnosis is late. […] The majority of angioneurotic edema cases (about 90%) are due to an allergic reaction that produces angioedema within minutes via eliciting a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (histaminergic mediated mast cells and basophil activation). In contrast, non-allergic angioneurotic edema by inhibiting bradykinin may not be seen for months.

• #14 Hives Symptoms & Signs | What do Hives Look Like?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/angioedema/symptoms

  Angioedema can have a variety of symptoms, depending on the part of the body affected. The symptoms may appear suddenly, with the onset taking from only minutes to a few hours, rather than days. […] The main symptom is swelling deep within the skin, caused by an accumulation of fluid. […] The angioedema symptoms can be visible swelling, especially when the angioedema affects parts of the face such as the lips and eyelids, or when it involves the hands or feet. […] If the swelling affects internal organs, such as the intestine or the throat, it can cause internal symptoms. […] When the swelling is external, it may be painful and may feel hot. It also is sometimes red and inflamed. […] Swelling can be accompanied by a raised, itchy rash. This is known as hives (urticaria). […] Angioedema can occur as an isolated symptom, in conjunction with skin changes such as hives, flushing or a blotchy redness, or as part of an allergic reaction.

• #15 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  Angioedema is a condition where small blood vessels leak fluid into the tissues under the skin, causing swelling in different parts of the body. It can develop because of an allergic reaction and is usually accompanied by hives (urticaria). Up to 20% of people will develop hives at some time in their life, and around one in three of these will have angioedema as well. It is possible to develop angioedema without also developing hives. […] The signs and symptoms of angioedema are not always the same. […] Symptoms are temporary in most people but can reappear due to infection, stress, or unknown reasons. […] The most common areas of the body affected by angioedema are the face, lips, tongue, throat, and genital areas. Swelling of other organs like the oesophagus (muscular tube that takes food to the stomach), abdomen (stomach area), or bowel can sometimes cause pain in the chest. Swelling can sometimes develop over and around joints which can be painful and last for many days.

• #16 Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0601/p717.html

  Urticaria commonly presents with intensely pruritic wheals, sometimes with edema of the subcutaneous or interstitial tissue. […] Urticaria can occur with angioedema, which is localized nonpitting edema of the subcutaneous or interstitial tissue that may be painful and warm. […] The onset of symptoms for urticaria or angioedema is rapid, usually occurring over minutes. Individual urticarial lesions typically resolve in one to 24 hours without treatment, although additional wheals can erupt in new crops. Angioedema may take days to resolve. […] Urticaria, with or without angioedema, can be classified as acute or chronic. Urticaria that recurs within a period of less than six weeks is acute. Recurring chronic urticaria lasts longer than six weeks. […] Urticaria and angioedema have similar underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms: histamine and other mediators released from mast cells and basophils. If the release occurs in the dermis, it results in urticaria, whereas if the release occurs in the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues, it results in angioedema.

• #17 Hives, Urticaria, and Angioedema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/hives-urticaria-angioedema

  Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin rash of raised, itchy bumps. The welts may also burn or sting. They often last hours or days, can move around, and don’t leave lasting skin changes. […] Acute urticaria and/or angioedema: With these conditions, hives or swelling lasts less than 6 weeks. […] Chronic urticaria and/or angioedema: Hives or swelling that lasts more than 6 weeks. […] Physical urticaria: Hives caused by direct physical stimulation of the skin for example, cold, heat, sunlight, vibration, pressure, sweating, and exercise. […] Dermatographism: Hives that form after firmly stroking or scratching the skin. […] Hereditary angioedema: Painful swelling under the skin. It runs in families. […] If you have chronic hives, you may need antihistamines or a combination of medications, such as steroids or a biologic drug. […] For severe hives or angioedema, you may need a shot of epinephrine or a steroid medication. […] If you have hives or angioedema and any of the following symptoms, call your doctor right away: Dizziness, Wheezing, Trouble breathing, Tightness in the chest, Swelling of the tongue, lips, or face.

• #18 Hives and angioedema | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/hives-and-angioedema

  Hives can be triggered by many situations and substances, including certain foods and medications. […] Angioedema can arise with hives or alone. It causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often around the face and lips. […] Most times, they are harmless, clear up within in a day and don’t leave any lasting marks, even without treatment. Hives that last longer than six weeks are called chronic hives. […] Most hives appear quickly and go away within 24 hours. This is known as acute hives. Chronic hives can last for months or years. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include swelling, especially around the eyes, cheeks or lips. […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #19 Urticaria and angioedema – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/844

  Urticaria is a skin condition characterized by erythematous, blanching, edematous, nonpainful, pruritic lesions that typically resolve within 24 hours and leave no residual markings. […] Acute urticaria lasts less than 6 weeks and is often due to a hypersensitivity reaction to a specific trigger. […] Chronic urticaria is characterized by daily or near-daily episodes of hives occurring for 6 weeks or more and has a complex etiology. […] Angioedema is swelling involving the deeper layers of the subdermis and occurs in association with urticaria in about 40% of cases. […] Angioedema involving the face or neck can potentially compromise the airway and requires prompt airway management. […] Approximately 40% of episodes of urticaria have associated angioedema. Angioedema is a sudden, pronounced swelling of the subdermis or mucous membranes.

• #20 Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hives-(urticaria)-and-angioedema-overview

  Antihistamines, corticosteroids and epinephrine will not be effective in treating swelling in patients with HAE, however targeted treatments are available once your diagnosis is established. […] The goals of treatment are to: Provide relief of itching Make hives more tolerable Provide complete resolution of your hives. […] Antihistamines are the best initial medication to treat your hives. […] About 50% of chronic spontaneous urticaria (hives over 6 weeks with no identifiable cause) will respond to antihistamine as discussed above. […] Chronic hives can last for many years but will often go away. Hives will resolve in half of patients within 1-2 years and 80-90% of patients will improve within 5 years. […] Even if a patients hives improve, it is not unusual to see the hives recur months to years later.

• #21 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  • Exposure to cold — The hives often appear as the cold skin warms again. […] • Changes in body temperature or sweating — These hives are often tiny and numerous and appear on reddened skin. […] • Vibration — Palms may become red, swollen, and itchy after holding onto the handle of a lawnmower. […] • Delayed pressure — Hives on the palms or the soles of the feet can occur hours after carrying heavy objects or walking long distances. Because the skin on the palms and soles is thick, these areas may appear reddened and swollen without clear hives. […] • Exercise — Hives that appear during exercise can be a sign of a dangerous condition called exercise-induced anaphylaxis. […] • Sunlight or water — This is rare. […] […] […] Chronic hives — Chronic hives occur daily or almost daily and last longer than six weeks, sometimes for years. Chronic hives can be frustrating because they come and go and can interfere with sleep, work, or school. Hives affect how you look, and people may worry about being near you for fear that you have a contagious infection.

• #22 Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hives-(urticaria)-and-angioedema-overview

  Dermatographic urticaria is triggered by shearing forces against the skin such as scratching, pressure from tight clothing resulting in the linear appearing hives. […] Hives can last for 15 minutes to 3 hours. […] The absence of an identifiable trigger can be frustrating for patients. […] Sometimes chronic hives may be autoimmune in nature, or related to an autoimmune condition including autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematousus. […] Talk to your doctor if swelling occurs without hives. […] This may suggest a special situation requiring additional evaluation. […] Swelling without hives may be due to: Aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. […] Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients have a defect in the gene that controls a regulatory blood protein called C1 Inhibitor.

• #23 Hives & Angioedema in Children | UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/rainbow/services/pediatric-allergy-and-immunology/conditions-and-treatments/hives-and-angioedema-in-children

  Most hives appear quickly and resolve within 24 hours: this type is referred to as acute hives. Chronic hives can last for months or even years. […] In more severe cases, angioedema can cause breathing difficulties, abdominal pain and dizziness. […] The cause of your child’s angioedema depends on the type of angioedema they experience. The four main types of angioedema are: Allergic angioedema, Idiopathic angioedema, Drug-induced angioedema, Hereditary angioedema. […] If your child’s symptoms are mild, they may not need treatment: hives and angioedema often clear up on their own. However, treatment can offer relief from intense itching and other uncomfortable symptoms. […] Treatment depends on which type of angioedema (general, hereditary, acquired) your child has. In most cases, medications are needed to help manage the symptoms. For some patients, medications will only be needed when flare ups occur, while others will need to take medication daily.

• #24 Types of angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/angioedema-types/

  There are several types of angioedema, a disease marked by swelling underneath the skin or in mucus membranes. […] The most common type of angioedema — accounting for up to 70% of all cases — is acute allergic angioedema, in which swelling occurs as a result of an allergic reaction. […] Swelling in acute allergic angioedema usually occurs within minutes to about one to two hours after exposure to the allergen, and it may last a day or two without treatment. Symptoms such as hives and itching are generally more common in this form of acute angioedema than in other types of the disease. […] This type of angioedema generally appears during adolescence or early adulthood in the form of recurrent swelling attacks or episodes of abdominal pain that can last a few days. HAE attacks may be preceded by early signs, which are called prodromal symptoms, that may include fatigue, muscle pain, feelings of pressure or tightness in the skin, a non-itchy rash, and mood changes. Unlike other forms of angioedema associated with allergic reactions, HAE is rarely accompanied by hives or itching.

• #25 Angioedema – Immune Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/angioedema

  Angioedema can be chronic, recurring over weeks or months. The cause is usually unknown, but it may be repeated, unintentional intake of a substance, such as penicillin in milk or a preservative or dye in foods. Use of certain medications, such as aspirin, other NSAIDs, or opioids, can also cause chronic angioedema. […] Chronic angioedema that occurs without hives may be hereditary or acquired angioedema. […] However, usually when angioedema without hives recurs, no specific cause is identified. Angioedema with no identified cause is called idiopathic angioedema.

• #26 Urticaria and angioedema – British Skin Foundation

  https://knowyourskin.britishskinfoundation.org.uk/condition/urticaria-and-angioedema/

  Angio-oedema occurring without weals can be due to medicines (e.g. aspirin, ACE inhibitors). When angio-oedema occurs without weals, hereditary angio-oedema should be excluded by testing. […] Patients have intermittent swelling of the face, mouth, throat, and sometimes of the gut, leading to colic. The condition is due to an inherited deficiency of a blood protein or a non-functional version of C1 inhibitor and can be identified by a blood test. A severe attack of hereditary angio-oedema affecting the throat can be life threatening if left untreated.

• #26 Urticaria and angioedema – British Skin Foundation

  https://knowyourskin.britishskinfoundation.org.uk/condition/urticaria-and-angioedema/

  Urticaria presents with highly itchy raised skin reactions known as weals (also known as hives) that may be round or ring-shaped, and may join together. They come and go within hours. Angio-oedema, swelling deep to the skin, often occurs in urticaria. Angio-oedema usually affects soft areas of skin, such as the eyelids, lips or inside the mouth but may occur anywhere. These swellings often take longer to clear and tend to be painful rather than itchy. Urticaria may present with weals alone, angio-oedema or both together. […] The main symptom of urticaria is itch; angio-oedema is not usually itchy but may be painful. Although urticaria may be very distressing because of the itching and its appearance, it generally has no direct effect on general health. However, it can cause a high impact on quality of life, including mood, and lead to problems with work and relationships. Rarely, angio-oedema may affect the tongue or throat. This can be alarming but is only life-threatening when angio-oedema is due to hereditary angio-oedema or ACE inhibitor medication.

• #27 Hives and angioedema // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/hives-and-angioedema

  Hives also known as urticaria (ur-tih-KAR-e-uh) is a skin reaction that causes itchy welts that range in size from small spots to large blotches. […] Angioedema can arise with hives or alone. It causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often around the face and lips. Short-lived (acute) hives and angioedema are common. Most times, they are harmless, clear up within in a day and don’t leave any lasting marks, even without treatment. Hives that last longer than six weeks are called chronic hives. […] Most hives appear quickly and go away within 24 hours. This is known as acute hives. Chronic hives can last for months or years. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include: […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #28 Hives: Causes, Risks, Prevention, and Pictures

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hives

  Hives, also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised welts that are found on the skin. […] The most noticeable symptom of hives is the welts that appear on the skin. Welts may be red but can also be the same color as your skin. They can be small and round, ring-shaped, or large and of random shape. Hives are itchy, and they tend to appear in batches on the affected part of the body. They can grow larger, change shape, and spread. […] Hives may disappear or reappear over the course of the outbreak. Individual hives welts can last anywhere from half an hour to a day. […] Chronic hives are ongoing cases that don’t necessarily have an identifiable cause. Also called chronic urticaria, this condition is marked by recurring hives that can interfere with your daily life. Chronic cases can last between weeks to several months or years.

• #29 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics/print

  However, it is important to remember the following: […] • Hives are not contagious. […] • Chronic hives are rarely permanent; almost 50 percent of people are hive free within one year. […] • Chronic hives are rarely caused by allergies and are not life threatening. […] • The bothersome symptoms of chronic hives are treatable in most people. […] In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Researchers suspect that problems in the immune system play a role. […] Hives can be a sign of several other medical or autoimmune conditions, including thyroid or liver diseases, chronic infections, or lupus. Most people with one of these conditions will have other symptoms apart from hives.

• #30 Hives and Angioedema | Capital Concierge Allergy | Washington DC

  https://www.capitalconciergeallergy.com/hives-and-angioedema

  Hives (urticaria) are more common than you think and affect 1 in 5 people at some point in their lives. They appear suddenly as red raised itchy welts of varying sizes on the skin. They are not contagious and in most cases, the reaction will last only a few hours (in most cases less than 24 hours), but as the hives progress and move around in the same area due to scratching, the lesions can last a couple of days before disappearing. Hives can be a sign of an allergic reaction to food, insect stings, medication, infections, autoimmune disease, pets, or even stress. […] Hives can be either acute or chronic (lasting longer than 6 weeks); they can also be classified as hereditary or acquired. Around 40% of urticaria patients have associated angioedema, swelling of lips and tongue. When hives are acute, the reaction is usually immediate and lasts only for a few hours. Perhaps, it is the first time you were exposed to an allergen. When hives are chronic, the symptoms usually last a few hours as well but recur more frequently, over a period of weeks, months and even years, but the lesions always shift around, with individual spots never lasting more than 24 hours.

• #31 Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0601/p717.html

  Acute urticaria is typically self-limited and resolves with proper avoidance of triggers. With chronic urticaria, a prospective cohort study found that 35% of patients are symptom free within one year, with another 29% having some reduction of symptoms. Spontaneous remission occurred within three years in 48% of the cases of idiopathic chronic urticaria, but only 16% of the cases of physical urticaria.

• #32 Angioedema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/angioedema

  Angioedema is swelling that occurs deep within the skin or around mucous membranes. Its often due to allergens or reactions to medications, though the cause may also be unknown. […] Angioedema is a temporary, recurring subcutaneous (under the skin) or submucosal (thin layer of tissue under mucous membrane) swelling. It typically affects the skin on the forehead, around the eyes, and on the lips, tongue, hands, feet, genitals, gastrointestinal tract, and upper airways. […] The most common symptom of angioedema is swelling. It often occurs around the eyes, lips, and tongue, but it may also occur in the feet, hands, or genitals. […] Angioedema may be accompanied by swelling and welts on the skins surface known as urticaria (hives). Allergic angioedema can cause itchiness. […] In more severe cases, people with angioedema may experience swelling of the airways, making it difficult to breathe, and an unsafe drop in blood pressure.

• #33 Urticaria & Angioedema | AMBOSS Rotation Prep

  https://resident360.amboss.com/adult-medicine/allergy-immunology/urticaria-angioedema/urticaria-angioedema.html

  Angioedema can be mast-cell-mediated or bradykinin-mediated. […] This section addresses mast-cell- or histamine-mediated angioedema. […] Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is not associated with urticaria or other histamine-mediated symptoms and is discussed in the next section. […] Swelling usually develops over minutes to hours, reaches a peak, and then resolves after 24 to 72 hours. […] Swelling may occur any time during the course of ACE-inhibitor therapy, from hours to years after initiation of treatment. […] Angioedema can be mast-cell-mediated or bradykinin-mediated. […] HAE is not associated with urticaria, and an alternate diagnosis should be considered if hives are a prominent feature of presentation.

• #34

• #35 Urticaria & Angioedema | AMBOSS Rotation Prep

  https://resident360.amboss.com/adult-medicine/allergy-immunology/urticaria-angioedema/urticaria-angioedema.html

  Chronic urticaria (duration, 6 weeks) typically does not have an underlying allergic basis; often an etiology is not found, and it is considered chronic spontaneous or chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU): […] CIU is associated with autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto thyroiditis (autoimmune hypothyroidism); evidence suggests that the urticaria may be caused by autoantibodies directed against mast cells in the skin in about half of patients with CIU. […] CIU is considered a benign and self-limiting condition and is not associated with tissue-destructive activity. […] Angioedema involves a similar process as urticaria but affects the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue and leads to nonpitting swelling. […] Angioedema tends to be localized, asymmetric, and often affects the face, extremities, and genitalia.

• #36 Angioedema – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioedema

  In hereditary angioedema (HAE), often no direct cause is identifiable, although mild trauma, including dental work and other stimuli, can cause attacks. There is usually no associated itch or urticaria, as it is not an allergic response. Patients with HAE can also have recurrent episodes (often called „attacks”) of abdominal pain, usually accompanied by intense vomiting, weakness, and in some cases, watery diarrhea, and an unraised, nonitchy splotchy/swirly rash. […] HAE may also cause swelling in a variety of other locations, most commonly the limbs, genitals, neck, throat and face. The pain associated with these swellings varies from mildly uncomfortable to agonizing pain, depending on its location and severity. Predicting where and when the next episode of edema will occur is impossible. Most patients have an average of one episode per month, but there are also patients who have weekly episodes or only one or two episodes per year. The triggers can vary and include infections, minor injuries, mechanical irritation, operations or stress. In most cases, edema develops over a period of 12-36 hours and then subsides within 2-5 days.

• #37 Angioedema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/angioedema/

  People with hereditary angioedema may also experience abdominal (stomach) pain caused by swelling in the stomach and bowel, which can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, and swelling of the bladder or urethra (the tube that connects the bladder to the genitals), which can cause bladder problems and difficulty passing urine.

• #38 Angioedema: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22632-angioedema

  Allergies are probably the main cause of the swelling of angioedema. […] Most episodes of angioedema wont last very long. They will probably resolve themselves. For severe episodes, you must have treatment to open the airways. […] For some people, allergic angioedema can cause anaphylaxis severe swelling of the airways and lungs. […] Angioedema that affects the airways, no matter what the cause, is always a medical emergency and you should seek treatment immediately.

• #39 Hives Symptoms & Signs | What do Hives Look Like?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/angioedema/symptoms

  When swelling is around the eyes, vision may also be affected, and the eyes may be red and irritated (conjunctivitis). […] Intestinal swelling can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea and cramping. […] Throat swelling can result in difficulty breathing, speaking or swallowing. Angioedema of the throat also can be life-threatening and requires emergency care to ensure that the swelling does not close off the person’s airway. […] Angioedema usually lasts a matter of hours to days, but the length of time can vary from one person to the next and also from one episode to the next for a given person. […] Medications are sometimes a necessary treatment to stop the swelling and itching.

• #40 Angioedema

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/angioedema/

  Angioedema is sudden swelling that is often caused by an allergic reaction. It can be very serious if your throat becomes swollen and your breathing is affected. Treatment can help keep the swelling under control. […] You’ll usually have a raised, itchy rash (hives) if an allergic reaction has caused the swelling. […] Less commonly, the throat can swell up, leading to breathing difficulties. This is a medical emergency and immediate treatment is needed. […] You or the person who’s unwell may also have a rash that’s swollen, raised or itchy. These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital. […] If the swelling is severe or widespread, or if it affects your lips, tongue, or throat, you’ll usually need emergency treatment in hospital. […] If your symptoms do not improve or get worse, you may need to go back to hospital for further tests and treatment.

• #41 Urticaria and angioedema | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0288-z

  Urticaria (hives) is a common disorder that often presents with angioedema (swelling that occurs beneath the skin). […] Approximately 40% of patients with urticaria also experience angioedema (swelling that occurs beneath the skin). […] Although bradykinin-mediated angioedema is often self-limited, laryngeal involvement can lead to fatal asphyxiation. […] The mainstay of management for angioedema is to avoid specific triggers, if possible. […] Angioedema in the absence of urticaria is much less common than urticaria either with or without angioedema. […] Acute episodes of angioedema result from a release of vasoactive mediators that increase vascular permeability in the skin and submucosa, allowing for the vascular leakage of plasma and resultant edema; the majority of these attacks can be attributable to either histamine- or bradykinin-mediated mechanisms.

• #42 Hives (Urticaria) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/skin-allergy/hives/

  Angioedema – swelling of tissue beneath the surface of the skin – can be mistaken for, or associated with hives. […] The following symptoms may indicate angioedema: Swelling in the eyes or mouth, Swelling of the hands, feet or throat, Difficulty breathing, stomach cramps or swelling of the lining of the eyes. […] If your hives last more than a month or if they recur over time, see an allergist, who will take a history and perform a thorough physical exam to try and determine the cause of your symptoms. […] The best way to identify your symptoms is to talk to an allergist who can diagnose and treat both hives and angioedema.

• #43 Patient education: Hives (urticaria) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics

  – A sensation of fullness or discomfort in the area of the swelling […] – Slight redness of the skin, although the skin may also be normal in color […] Hives as part of a serious allergic reaction — Hives can also occur as part of a more serious allergic reaction. You should see a doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you develop hives or angioedema suddenly, along with other symptoms such as: […] – Trouble breathing […] – Tightness in the throat […] – Nausea or vomiting […] – Cramping abdominal pain […] – Passing out

• #44 Angioedema and hives: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/angioedema-hives

  Symptoms to watch for that could indicate severe angioedema include: voice changes, throat or tongue swelling, collapsing, severe and sudden trouble breathing, feeling faint, stridor (a harsh, vibrating noise when breathing). […] Hives often accompany angioedema. Hives are an itchy, raised rash that is usually red. […] In addition to swelling and hives, angioedema may cause other symptoms not relating to the skin, such as abdominal pain, shortness of breath, fainting, dizziness. […] The most common cause of angioedema is allergies. When allergies cause angioedema, a person may also experience hives along with swelling. […] Often, angioedema with or without hives starts suddenly and goes away quickly without treatment. […] Angioedema could cause a persons airways to close. When the airways close, a person needs emergency medical attention and typically needs an injection.

• #45 Hives: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8630-hives

  Hives are often very itchy, but you might also feel burning or stinging. […] Hives can go away quickly (acute hives) or last a long time (chronic hives). […] Signs of acute hives include: […] Swelling under your skin causing puffiness (angioedema). […] Also appearing with painful swelling of your lips, eyes and inside your throat. […] In many respects, chronic hives and acute hives may look alike: they can be itchy, swollen raised welts that turn lighter in the center and with pressure. […] Chronic hives do last for long periods of time but usually aren’t permanent. […] For some people, allergic reactions like angioedema can cause anaphylaxis severe swelling of the airways and lungs.

• #46 Urticaria (Hives): a complete overview — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/urticaria-an-overview

  Urticaria is characterised by very itchy weals (hives), with or without surrounding erythematous flares. […] Urticaria can co-exist with angioedema which is a deeper swelling within the skin or mucous membranes. […] Angioedema is more often localised. It commonly affects the face (especially eyelids and perioral sites), hands, feet, and genitalia. It may involve tongue, uvula, soft palate, or larynx. […] Bradykinin release causes angioedema. […] A single episode or recurrent episodes of angioedema without urticaria can be due to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug. […] Recurrent angioedema without urticaria can be due to inherited or acquired complement C1 esterase deficiency.

• #47 Urticaria and angioedema | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0288-z

  Clinically, HAE and AAE are similar, and are characterized by recurrent episodes of angioedema, without urticaria or pruritus, which most often affect the skin or mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts. […] Although generally benign conditions, laryngeal involvement can rapidly lead to fatal asphyxiation if left untreated. […] The most common presentation is that of non-emergent angioedema resulting in impairment in QOL with discomfort, immobility and disfigurement, and the inability to attend work or school. […] Laryngeal attacks with respiratory impairment and the risk of asphyxiation is the most feared complication of these attacks, as these patients may require intubation and even tracheotomies. […] The diagnosis of HAE and AAE should include the assessment of C4, C1q, and C1-INH function and antigenic levels. […] The management of these disorders involves an approach to acute treatment, short-term and long-term prophylaxis that is evidence-based and follows national and international guideline recommendations.

• #48 Urticaria & Angioedema | Allergy Conditions | OneWelbeck

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/urticaria-and-angioedema/

  Chronic urticaria refers to when the urticaria and/or angioedema episodes persist for longer than 6 weeks. At any given time it is believed to affect 0.5-1% of the global population. […] When a cause cannot be found, it is called spontaneous but may have an autoimmune element to it. […] Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) by definition does not have a cause but may have an autoimmune element to it, where a patients own antibodies are responsible for releasing histamine from mast cells. […] The treatment of chronic urticarias includes the use of regular high dose antihistamines and additional medications such as montelukast. However, a significant number of patients will remain symptomatic and require additional treatments.

• #49 Urticaria (hives) – Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

  https://allergyfacts.org.au/__interest/urticaria/

  Angioedema can be dangerous if it affects the throat or the tongue, as swelling in these areas can make breathing difficult. […] Urticaria can last minutes to hours and sometimes even days to weeks. The length of the urticaria depends on the type. […] Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Wheals appear without an obvious cause on most days of the week for six weeks or more. The wheals may come and go and can appear anywhere on the body. There may also be swelling or angioedema. […] Urticaria alone does not make you sick; it is just itchy and uncomfortable. If you have urticaria and are sick with a high fever, weight loss, sore joints, or bruising, see your doctor as soon as possible. Sometimes, blood tests will be recommended to exclude other diseases.

• #50 Hives and angioedema – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354914

  To diagnose hives or angioedema, your doctor will likely look at your welts or areas of swelling and ask about your medical history. You may also need blood tests or an allergy skin test. […] If your symptoms are mild, you may not need treatment. Hives and angioedema often clear up on their own. But treatment can offer relief from intense itching, serious discomfort or symptoms that persist. […] For a severe attack of hives or angioedema, you may need a trip to the emergency room and an emergency injection of epinephrine a type of adrenaline. If you have had a serious attack or your attacks recur despite treatment, your doctor may have you carry a penlike device that will allow you to self-inject epinephrine in emergencies. […] If you’re experiencing mild hives or angioedema, these tips may help relieve your symptoms: Avoid triggers. These can include foods, medications, pollen, pet dander, latex and insect stings. If you think a medication caused your rash, stop using it and contact your primary care provider. Some studies suggest that stress or fatigue can trigger hives. […] For hives and angioedema, questions you may want to ask include: What is likely causing my symptoms? […] Have your symptoms changed over time? […] Do your skin lesions mainly itch, or do they burn or sting? […] Do you have any known allergies?

• #51 Hives and angioedema | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/hives-and-angioedema

  If you think your hives or angioedema was caused by a known allergy to food or a medication, your symptoms may be an early sign of an anaphylactic reaction. […] Hives and angioedema often clear up on their own. But treatment can offer relief from intense itching, serious discomfort or symptoms that persist. […] The standard treatment for hives and angioedema is antihistamines that don’t make you drowsy. These medications reduce itching, swelling and other allergy symptoms. […] For severe hives or angioedema, doctors may prescribe a short course of an oral corticosteroid drug such as prednisone to reduce swelling, inflammation and itching. […] For a severe attack of hives or angioedema, you may need a trip to the emergency room and an emergency injection of epinephrine a type of adrenaline.

• #52 Hives and Angioedema – Advanced Allergy & Asthma Family Care

  https://statenislandallergy.com/hives-and-angioedema/

  Approximately half of the patients with chronic hives will respond to antihistamines. For those who do not respond, there is an FDA approved medication for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) known as omalizumab (Xolair). This medication is injected under the skin once a month and can often be life-changing for patients suffering from chronic hives.

• #53 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  The swelling from angioedema usually resolves in a few days. Swelling lasting longer than this may be due to another cause and should be seen by a doctor. […] Angioedema does not cause damage to vital organs like the kidneys, liver, or lungs. It can be dangerous if it affects the throat or the tongue as swelling in these areas can cause difficulty breathing. […] Severe throat swelling requires the early use of medication (adrenaline for anaphylaxis or medication for HAE) followed by immediate transfer to hospital by ambulance. […] The amount of time angioedema takes to resolve will depend on the cause. If the cause of the angioedema is found, then steps can be taken to fix the issue and the episodes of swelling should stop. […] If no cause is found, there is no way to predict how long the swelling will last. It may stop after a few weeks or months, or it may continue for years. […] Symptoms may disappear over time. Some people only have a single episode, and others may develop symptoms many times. In most cases, symptoms will resolve on their own.

• #54 Angioedema: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135208-overview

  Although angioedema can manifest as an episodic or self-limiting event, it can often be described as recurrent or chronic. Thus, classification is not always straightforward. […] The primary goal of medical treatment for angioedema is to reduce and prevent swelling, as well as to reduce discomfort and complication. […] In severe cases of laryngeal edema, a surgical airway must be created via cricothyrotomy or tracheotomy. […] The prognosis for patients with angioedema depends on the etiology and varies as follows: Angioedema with identifiable causes If the trigger(s) can be identified and avoided, angioedema can be prevented; Angioedema without identifiable causes There is a tremendously variable clinical course, ranging from mild to severe and a few days to many years; the response to conventional treatment is less unpredictable; HAE Lifelong treatment is often required; AAE Outcome depends on the treatment of underlying lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders.

• #55 Hives (urticaria) – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/urticaria-hives

  Angioedema commonly affects the face and lips, can be painful, cause a burning sensation, and does not usually respond well to antihistamines. Although hives and facial swelling can be uncomfortable, they are not usually dangerous. […] Chronic urticaria is when hives occur most days of the week for more than six weeks. Symptoms usually resolve, although this can take months or several years. Most people find non-drowsy antihistamines effective in managing the symptoms of chronic urticaria. Some people have more severe symptoms and need to be referred to a clinical immunology/allergy specialist or dermatologist for an assessment and other medications.

Zobacz więcej