Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6027/trigger-finger

  Trigger Finger (trigger thumb when involving the thumb) is the inhibition of smooth tendon gliding due to mechanical impingement at the level of the A1 pulley that causes progressive pain, clicking, catching, and locking of the digit. […] Diagnosis is made by physical examination with presence of active triggering and tenderness at the A1 pulley. […] Treatment consists of splinting, anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injections, and surgical release. […] Epidemiology: Incidence: 2-3% of general population. […] 10% of diabetic population. […] Demographics: more common in diabetics. […] more common in females older than 50. […] Anatomic location: ring and long fingers are most commonly involved in adults. […] Risk factors: diabetes.

• #2 Trigger Finger (Digital Stenosing Tenosynovitis) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688771/all/Trigger_Finger__Digital_Stenosing_Tenosynovitis_?q=Hypothyroidism

  Trigger finger, also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is disruption of smooth tendon gliding in the fingers/thumb that causes clicking, locking, catching, and pain with flexion and extension. […] Incidence: Adult population: 23% of adults. Typically presents in the 5th and 6th decades of life. Female male (6:1). Rare in children. Associated with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Female = male. 10% of diabetic population. Thumb is predominant digit. […] Prevalence: Lifetime prevalence in the general population is 2.6%.

• #3 SciELO Brazil – Trigger Finger Treatment Trigger Finger Treatment

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbort/a/7PyxkVZT4QymSmzGSX54WZn/?lang=en

  Trigger finger is a frequent condition. […] The condition affects 2 to 3% of the population, more in the 6th decade of life. […] Women have twice the chance of having trigger finger than men. […] Patients with diabetes are 15% more likely to develop trigger finger than the general population. […] Trigger finger also affects children being commonly referred to as a „congenital trigger”, with differences in clinical presentation. […] The incidence of „congenital trigger” is 3.3 per 1,000 live births. […] The diagnosis is clinical most of the time. […] The diagnosis depends solely on the existence of finger locking during active movement. […] Trigger finger treatment usually begins with nonsurgical interventions that are instituted for at least 3 months. […] In patients with initial presentation of flexion deformity or inability to flex the finger, there may be earlier indication of surgical treatment due to pain intensity and functional disability. […] Surgical therapy is usually indicated when nonsurgical treatment fails.

• #4 Trigger Finger

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Hand/TrgrFngr.htm

  Prevalence: 2% of adults in U.S. […] Age: Peaks age 50 to 60 years old […] Gender: Female predomince.

• #5 Trigger Finger

  https://emed.ie/Rheumatology/Trigger_Finger.php

  Trigger finger is caused by inflammation and constriction of the retinacular sheath through which the flexor tendons run as they pass from the palm of the hand into the finger. […] 28 cases per 100 000 population per year = lifetime risk of 2.6%. […] This rises to 10% in patients with diabetes. […] Two peaks in incidence occur: eight yrs (F:M = 1:1). Thumb effected in 90%. […] 50 yrs (F:M = 6:1). Finger or thumb effected. […] Repetitive injuries/occupation.

• #6 Trigger Finger – WikiMSK

  https://wikimsk.org/wiki/Trigger_Finger

  There is an annual incidence of 28 cases per 100,000, and a lifetime prevalence of 2.6%. The peak incidence is in the 50s and 60s. There is an increased risk of diabetes with a lifetime prevalence of 5-10%. It is associated with Dupuytren’s disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, and inflammatory arthritis. Children can be affected as an acquired rather than congenital condition, usually with trigger thumb. […] There are no proven occupational or recreational risk factors, although certain activities may or may not be relevant: repetitive gripping with palmar pressure, use of power tools with direct vibratory forces, pulling weeds, biking or power tool use.

• #7 The role of the A0 pulley in trigger finger – Mukit – Journal of Xiangya Medicine

  https://jxym.amegroups.org/article/view/8190/html

  Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is one of the most common pathophysiologic hand conditions in the general population, affecting an estimated 23 percent of people worldwide (1). It may affect one or multiple digits and is found to be more common among diabetics (1). Other risk factors include trauma, carpal tunnel syndrome, gout, acromegaly, glycogen storage diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis (2). […] Some authors have referred to this palmar aponeurosis pulley as the A0 pulley, as the current authors do; they have found on cadaveric dissection that the A0 pulley does not have any connections to the palmar aponeurosis and is described as an independent structure (5). Thus, there is an interest in the literature in determining whether or not the A0 pulley is the primary cause of trigger finger in some patients, whether or not it should be the only pulley released, and/or if it should be routinely released alongside the A1 pulley during the surgical treatment for trigger finger.

• #8 Trigger Finger (Digital Stenosing Tenosynovitis) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688771/all/Trigger_Finger__Digital_Stenosing_Tenosynovitis_?q=Hypothyroidism

  Trigger finger, also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is disruption of smooth tendon gliding in the fingers/thumb that causes clicking, locking, catching, and pain with flexion and extension. […] Incidence: Adult population: 23% of adults. Typically presents in the 5th and 6th decades of life. Female male (6:1). Rare in children. Associated with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Female = male. 10% of diabetic population. Thumb is predominant digit. […] Prevalence: Lifetime prevalence in the general population is 2.6%.

• #9 Trigger Finger – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459310/

  Trigger finger exhibits a bimodal incidence, with the first peak occurring before the age of 8 in children and the second peak between the ages of 40 and 50 in adults. Overall, trigger finger is more common in adults. […] In adults, trigger finger is more likely to affect women, typically in their dominant hand.

• #10 Trigger Finger – WikiSM (Sports Medicine Wiki)

  https://wikism.org/Trigger_Finger

  Bimodal incidence (need citation) […] First peak is before 8 years of age […] Second is patients in their 40s-50s.

• #11 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview

  Trigger finger is a relatively common condition and occurs two to six times more frequently in women than in men. […] Several series found the peak incidence of trigger digit to be between the ages of 55 and 60 years. Despite increases in computing activities and repetitive tasks, the age distribution has not changed significantly. As previously mentioned, TF in the pediatric population occurs much less frequently than TF in adults and develops almost exclusively in the thumb.

• #12 Trigger Finger – Orthopaedia: Hand

  https://pressbooks.pub/frontlinehand/chapter/trigger-finger/

  This condition occurs most commonly in the fifth and sixth decades of life and has been reported to be up to six times more common in women than in men. […] Lifetime risk of trigger finger has been shown to be 2-3% but increases up to 10% in diabetics. […] The ring finger and thumb are the most commonly affected digits followed by the long, index, and then small. […] The dominant hand is most commonly affected.

• #13 Noninfectious tenosynovitis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/noninfectious-tenosynovitis/

  The most common tendon pathology, affecting 2% of the general population and 20% of individuals with diabetes. […] Incidence highest in children old and adults 40-60 years old.

• #14 Trigger Finger (Digital Stenosing Tenosynovitis) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688771/all/Trigger_Finger__Digital_Stenosing_Tenosynovitis_?q=Hypothyroidism

  Trigger finger, also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is disruption of smooth tendon gliding in the fingers/thumb that causes clicking, locking, catching, and pain with flexion and extension. […] Incidence: Adult population: 23% of adults. Typically presents in the 5th and 6th decades of life. Female male (6:1). Rare in children. Associated with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Female = male. 10% of diabetic population. Thumb is predominant digit. […] Prevalence: Lifetime prevalence in the general population is 2.6%.

• #15 Trigger Finger (Digital Stenosing Tenosynovitis) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688771/all/Trigger_Finger__Digital_Stenosing_Tenosynovitis_?q=Carpal+Syndrome+Tunnel

  Trigger finger, also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is disruption of smooth tendon gliding in the fingers/thumb that causes clicking, locking, catching, and pain with flexion and extension. […] Incidence: Adult population: 23% of adults. Typically presents in the 5th and 6th decades of life. Female male (6:1). […] Prevalence: Lifetime prevalence in the general population is 2.6%.

• #16 Trigger finger (stenosing flexor tenosynovitis) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trigger-finger-stenosing-flexor-tenosynovitis/print

  Trigger finger is one of the most common causes of hand pain in adults. The reported prevalence is roughly 2 percent in the general population, and is most common among women in the fifth or sixth decade of life. It can occur in one or more fingers in each hand and can be bilateral. The prevalence of trigger finger is also higher among patients with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, or conditions that cause systemic deposition of protein such as amyloidosis. […] Trigger finger is occasionally observed in children; in the pediatric age group, there is a much higher probability of an anatomic variation or an inherited condition.

• #17 Trigger Thumb, Trigger Finger and Clasped Thumb

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/3/294

  The trigger finger is a separate entity from the trigger thumb, and its occurrence is up to 10 times less common than in the thumb. […] The presence of a trigger finger should also alert us to the possibility of rheumatoid disease (juvenile idiopathic arthritis) or collagen diseases, so it is important to keep these entities in mind as pathophysiologically favoring this condition. […] According to Wong’s systematic review, the majority of these patients (54%) have only unilateral and single finger disease and the most commonly involved fingers are the 3rd (44%) and the 4th (30%).

• #18 Current concepts in the management of pediatric trigger thumb

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/2347-9264.2023.05

  Pediatric trigger thumb has been reported to occur in 2% of all upper extremity congenital anomalies and 1 in 2,000 office visits. […] Kikuchi and Ogino reported 3.3 cases per 1,000 live births at 1 year of age. […] Bilateral involvement is found in 25%-34% of patients. […] Although initially termed congenital trigger thumb, multiple studies have been unable to identify the condition at birth. […] It has come to be considered an acquired deformity despite anecdotal reports and a single case report of presence at birth.

• #19 Misconceptions about trigger finger: a scoping review. Definition, pathophysiology, site of lesion, etiology. Trigger finger solving a maze | Advances in Rheumatology | Full Text

  https://advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42358-024-00379-7

  Trigger finger (TF) is a disorder characterized by snapping or locking a finger. It has a prevalence of greater than 3% in the general population; however, this estimate could be increased to 5% up to 20% in diabetic patients. […] According to some TF ultrasonography assessment studies, it was found that some possible changes in pulleys are: thickening of the pulley which may be global or nodular, pulley hypervascularization, and cyst. Potential changes in flexor tendons are loss of regular fibrillar echogenic pattern, irregularity or blurring of the tendon margin, and fluid collection (cyst) in the tendon sheath (tendinosis or tendinopathy). […] Most researchers and clinicians deal with TF as an idiopathic disease. However, the extensive review reveals that TF is a multifactorial disease. It was found that treating associating diseases is basic in treating TF.

• #20 Treatment Options for Trigger Finger and Trigger Thumb | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_trigger-finger.asp

  Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) is one of the most common causes of hand disability, affecting between 1% and 2% of the population, and as high as 20% of people with high risk factors. […] Trigger finger most often appears in people between the ages of 40 and 60 and in women more so than men. It is more common among people who perform frequent or intense gripping in their work or leisure activities. At especially high risk are people with inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout and sarcoidosis, and in those who have an underactive thyroid or diabetes. Between 5% and 20% of diabetes patients will develop trigger finger. […] A physician usually diagnoses the condition without the need of imaging by taking a patients symptom history and doing a physical exam. Your doctor will touch your fingers as you open and close them, ask you about your pain during that motion, and check for signs of clicking or locking. If, while palpating the finger, your doctor detects nodules (swollen lumps) and thickening of the flexor tendon, this potentially indicates more advanced trigger finger. […] In some cases, ultrasound imaging may be warranted to understand all the physical dynamics associated with a persons trigger finger and/or to determine whether other soft tissue conditions are also present.

• #21 Trigger Finger | St. Charles Health

  https://stcharleshealthcare.org/services/center-orthopedics-and-neurosurgery/what-hurts/hand-wrist-pain/trigger-finger

  Trigger finger is more common in women compared to men. […] Certain medical conditions can increase the likelihood of developing trigger finger. These include diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis. […] Overuse of the fingers or repetitive gripping actions can strain the tendons, leading to trigger finger. […] Traumatic injuries to the fingers or hand can lead to trigger finger. […] Nearly all patients get relief from the locking and catching symptoms after surgery. The recurrence rate for patients that have had surgery is very low.

• #22 Misconceptions about trigger finger: a scoping review. Definition, pathophysiology, site of lesion, etiology. Trigger finger solving a maze | Advances in Rheumatology | Full Text

  https://advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42358-024-00379-7

  There is a reported association between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and TF. It was found that concomitant CTS is a risk factor for both initial and subsequent TF. […] The reported incidence of trigger digits after carpal tunnel release (CTR) is ranged from 5.2 to 31.7%. […] TF may occur in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) (hereditary type) which is systemic Amyloidosis characterized by progressive polyneuropathy, autonomic failure, cardiomyopathy, and connective tissue dysfunction. […] TF is very common in rheumatoid disease. It is usually caused by nodular tenosynovitis inside the fibrous tendon sheaths of the flexors of the fingers. […] Some space-occupying lesions in the tendon bed can constrict the tendon sheath, leading to triggering. […] Since some classes of drugs (fluoroquinolones, glucocorticoids, aromatase inhibitors, and statins) have been suggested to be associated with the risk of tendinosis, tenosynovitis, and/or tendon rupture, they can be associated with TF. […] Since TF is a multifactorial disease, the degree to which occupation is a risk factor may not be easily identified.

• #23 Incidence of Trigger Finger in Surgically and Nonsurgically Managed Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/gwhpubs/2627/

  PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether extremities undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR) have an increased rate of trigger finger (TF) compared with conservatively managed carpal tunnel syndrome. […] Patients in the surgical cohort were more likely to develop TF than those in the nonsurgical cohort whether in the ipsilateral or contralateral extremity. […] Whether managed surgically or nonsurgically, extremities with carpal tunnel syndrome demonstrated an increased prevalence of TF than their contralateral, unaffected extremity. […] Surgeons should be aware of the association of TF and CTR both during the presurgical and postsurgical evaluations as they might impact patient management. […] With knowledge of these data, surgeons may be more attuned to detecting an early TF during the postsurgical period and offer more aggressive treatment of TF pathology during CTR.

• #24 Trigger finger | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/trigger-finger?embed_domain=hackmd.io%25252F%252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%25252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.ico&lang=us

  Trigger fingers are a type of stenosing tenosynovitis involving the flexor digitorum superficialis at the level of the A1 pulley. It develops due to repetitive microinjury from frequent flexion-extension movements of the fingers and/or thumb. […] Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, female gender, and occupations with high hand activity.

• #25 Trigger Thumb, Trigger Finger and Clasped Thumb

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/3/294

  Trigger thumb is one of the most common pediatric hand conditions and it is defined as a stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) with a characteristic flexion deformity of the interphalangeal (IP) joint. It affects 1 to 3 per 1000 children and it seems to be more prevalent in Asian and Hispanic populations. […] The etiology is still controversial but it is probably multifactorial with a possible genetic predisposition, as it occurs more often in monozygotic twins, having an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with variable penetrance. […] Although historically it was often described as congenital, several studies evaluating thousands of newborns have not found any cases of trigger thumbs at birth, despite the known incidence that would lead one to expect its occurrence, supporting the fact that it is an acquired condition.

• #26 Epidemiology of trigger finger at the Bicentennial Regional Hospital of Independence of the Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), in the State of Mexico, from 2020 to 2023

  https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=118349

  Epidemiology of trigger finger at the Bicentennial Regional Hospital of Independence of the Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), in the State of Mexico, from 2020 to 2023 […] „Trigger finger”, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor mechanism, has a prevalence of 3% in the adult population. It occurs more frequently in women, mainly in the middle and ring fingers of the dominant hand and is currently one of the most common hand pathologies. […] Currently, there are not enough epidemiological studies on this pathology and the effects on workers in Mexico. The consequences of flexor tenosynovitis in the economically active population require special care and monitoring to avoid complications and long-term damage.

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