Palec trzaskający
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Palec trzaskający (trigger finger) dotyka 2-3% populacji dorosłych i jest częstą przyczyną dysfunkcji ręki. Rokowanie jest zazwyczaj dobre, z wysoką skutecznością leczenia zachowawczego, zwłaszcza iniekcji kortykosteroidowych, które osiągają skuteczność około 80%, choć długoterminowa skuteczność pojedynczej iniekcji wynosi około 45%. Czynniki prognostyczne gorszego wyniku to młodszy wiek (p=0.0009), wysoki poziom bólu przedoperacyjnego (p=0.0027), łuszczycowe zapalenie stawów (p=0.021) oraz choroby atopowe (p=0.028; OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.15-13.04). Pacjenci z cukrzycą insulinozależną, zajęciem wielu palców i historią tendinopatii kończyny górnej mają wyższe ryzyko niepowodzenia leczenia. Nawrót objawów po iniekcji występuje średnio po 5,6 miesiąca, a po roku u 56% palców. W pediatrii spontaniczna remisja może sięgać 43,5-63%, jednak wczesne chirurgiczne uwolnienie przed 4. rokiem życia zapobiega trwałym przykurczom zgięciowym.

Prognoza leczenia palca trzaskającego (Trigger finger)

Palec trzaskający (ang. trigger finger) to częsta dolegliwość ręki o częstości występowania wynoszącej 2-3% populacji dorosłych. Stanowi powszechną przyczynę niepełnosprawności ręki. Rokowanie w przypadku pacjentów z palcem trzaskającym jest zazwyczaj bardzo dobre, przy czym większość pacjentów pozytywnie odpowiada na leczenie zachowawcze lub chirurgiczne. 12

Czynniki prognostyczne powodzenia leczenia

Wyniki leczenia palca trzaskającego mogą być zależne od wielu czynników. Badania wykazały, że gorsze rokowanie jest silnie związane z:3

  • Młodszym wiekiem pacjenta (p=0.0009) – może to sugerować cięższą i trudniejszą do leczenia postać choroby u młodszych pacjentów
  • Wysokim poziomem bólu przedoperacyjnego w operowanej ręce (p=0.0027) – ból wyjściowy okazał się najlepszym predyktorem słabego wyniku operacji
  • Łuszczycowym zapaleniem stawów (p=0.021)
  • Chorobami atopowymi (p=0.028; iloraz szans [OR]: 3.87, 95% przedział ufności [CI]: 1.15-13.04)

3

Dodatkowo, pacjenci z długotrwałymi objawami przedoperacyjnymi, przykurczem zgięciowym stawu międzypaliczkowego bliższego (PIP) oraz starciami lub częściowymi naderwaniami ścięgna zginacza mogą być narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko przedłużających się objawów, takich jak ból, ograniczony zakres ruchu, przeskakiwanie i blokowanie, pomimo chirurgicznego uwolnienia. 4

Wyniki leczenia zachowawczego

Iniekcje kortykosteroidowe

Iniekcje kortykosteroidowe są powszechnie stosowane w leczeniu zapalenia pochewki ścięgna zginacza u dorosłych. Ich skuteczność sięga 80% w niektórych badaniach, choć może się różnić w zależności od ciężkości choroby i liczby zajętych palców. 5

W badaniu przeprowadzonym przez Hansena i wsp., które porównywało uwolnienie operacyjne z leczeniem zachowawczym, wykazano wskaźnik powodzenia wynoszący 86% po trzech miesiącach i 49% po 12 miesiącach u pacjentów poddawanych iniekcjom kortykosteroidowym pod kontrolą USG. 6

Długoterminowa skuteczność pojedynczej iniekcji kortykosteroidowej wynosi około 45%. Oznacza to, że prawie połowa pacjentów nie wymaga dodatkowych iniekcji. Co więcej, pacjent z dobrym wynikiem po 2 latach ma doskonałą szansę na utrzymanie tego rezultatu. 7

Należy jednak pamiętać, że według analizy Kaplana-Meiera, szacowany wskaźnik braku nawrotu objawów wynosił 70% (95% CI, 63%-77%) po sześciu miesiącach i 45% (95% CI, 36%-54%) po dwunastu miesiącach. Szacowany wskaźnik braku konieczności chirurgicznego uwolnienia wynosił 95% (95% CI, 92%-98%) po sześciu miesiącach i 83% (95% CI, 77%-89%) po dwunastu miesiącach. 8

W badaniu obejmującym 70 palców (56%) nastąpił nawrót objawów, średnio 5,6 miesiąca (zakres od 0,5 do 13,1 miesiąca) po iniekcji. Po roku od iniekcji u 56% palców wystąpił nawrót objawów. Młodszy wiek, cukrzyca insulinozależna, zajęcie wielu palców oraz historia innych tendinopatii kończyny górnej były związane z wyższym wskaźnikiem niepowodzenia leczenia. 89

Spontaniczna remisja

Niektóre przypadki palca trzaskającego mogą ustąpić samoistnie, a następnie nawrócić bez oczywistego związku z leczeniem lub czynnikami zaostrzającymi. W przypadkach pediatrycznych, przeskakiwanie może ustąpić samoistnie w 23-63% przypadków. Przegląd systematyczny i metaanaliza przeprowadzona przez Tang i wsp. wykazała, że wskaźnik spontanicznej remisji dla pediatrycznego palca trzaskającego kciuka wynosił 43,5%. 1011

Wyniki leczenia chirurgicznego

Otwarte chirurgiczne uwolnienie palca trzaskającego pozostaje najskuteczniejszą metodą leczenia, ze wskaźnikiem powodzenia zbliżającym się do 100%. Dla pacjentów, którzy nie reagują na leczenie zachowawcze, chirurgiczne uwolnienie bloczka A1 zapewnia doskonałe wyniki i pozostaje najbardziej skutecznym i niezawodnym oferowanym leczeniem. 12

W porównaniu uwolnienia chirurgicznego z leczeniem zachowawczym, badanie prospektywne randomizowane kontrolowane przeprowadzone przez Hansena i wsp. na 165 pacjentach wykazało wskaźnik powodzenia 99% po trzech i 12 miesiącach po operacji w kohorcie poddanej otwartemu uwolnieniu. 13

Warto jednak zauważyć, że iniekcje kortykosteroidowe, choć skuteczne w leczeniu palców trzaskających, mogą zwiększać ryzyko zakażenia po chirurgicznym uwolnieniu. W retrospektywnym badaniu 999 palców trzaskających leczonych chirurgicznie, Ng i wsp. stwierdzili, że pacjenci, którzy otrzymali przedoperacyjną iniekcję kortykosteroidu, mieli znacznie większe prawdopodobieństwo rozwinięcia zakażenia pooperacyjnego. 14

Wiele badań wykazało, że przezskórne uwolnienie palca trzaskającego jest bezpieczne i skuteczne, ze wskaźnikami powodzenia 74-94% i brakiem powikłań przy średnioterminowej obserwacji. Procedura ta jest zalecana dla osób z ustalonym pierwotnym palcem trzaskającym, które mają objawy trwające dłużej niż 4 miesiące, lub dla tych, u których terapia iniekcyjna nie przyniosła ulgi w objawach. Uważa się ją za rozsądny wybór po niepowodzeniu jednej iniekcji i w rzeczywistości może przynieść korzyści kosztowe poprzez trwałą ulgę. 15

W przypadku pacjentów pediatrycznych, jeśli nie są leczeni do czasu osiągnięcia wieku 4 lat, u niektórych mogą pozostać trwałe przykurcze zgięciowe. Chirurgiczne uwolnienie bloczka A1 przed tym wiekiem prowadzi do doskonałych wyników. 16

Perspektywy przyszłego leczenia

Badania wykorzystujące modele elementów skończonych do analizy sił działających na ścięgna w palcu trzaskającym wykazały wyraźny wzrost siły wywieranej na ścięgna ograniczone przez palec trzaskający w porównaniu do zdrowych ścięgien przy tym samym zakresie ruchu. Analiza sił dodatkowo wskazuje, że im cięższy stan, tym większe naprężenie indukowane w ścięgnie. 17

Te badania mają na celu zachęcenie do innowacji w zakresie urządzeń protetycznych do leczenia palca trzaskającego, zapewniając podstawy do początkowej fazy rozwoju in silico. Obecnie pierwszą linią leczenia niechirurgicznego jest szyna, ale badania te mogą prowadzić do opracowania nowych urządzeń protetycznych, które pomogą w leczeniu palca trzaskającego. 18

Podsumowanie prognozy dla palca trzaskającego

Rokowanie dla pacjentów z palcem trzaskającym jest generalnie bardzo dobre. Większość przypadków odpowiada na leczenie zachowawcze, szczególnie iniekcje kortykosteroidowe, które mogą być skuteczne u około 80% pacjentów, choć wskaźnik długoterminowej skuteczności pojedynczej iniekcji wynosi około 45%. Leczenie chirurgiczne oferuje najwyższy wskaźnik powodzenia, zbliżający się do 100% w przypadku otwartego uwolnienia. 192021

Czynniki prognostyczne gorszego wyniku leczenia obejmują młodszy wiek, wysoki poziom bólu przedoperacyjnego, łuszczycowe zapalenie stawów i choroby atopowe. Dodatkowo, pacjenci z cukrzycą insulinozależną, zajęciem wielu palców oraz historią innych tendinopatii kończyny górnej mogą doświadczać wyższego wskaźnika niepowodzenia leczenia. 2223

W przypadku pacjentów pediatrycznych istnieje znaczna szansa na spontaniczną remisję, ale leczenie chirurgiczne przed 4 rokiem życia może zapobiec trwałym przykurczom zgięciowym. 24

Trwające badania nad biomechaniką palca trzaskającego mogą prowadzić do rozwoju nowych metod leczenia, w tym innowacyjnych urządzeń protetycznych, które mogą zapewnić alternatywne opcje terapeutyczne w przyszłości. 25

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    Trigger finger is a common hand condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% of the adult population. It is a common cause of hand disability. Management begins conservatively with observation, orthotic immobilization and corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections can also be offered with the effectiveness approaching 80% in some studies, although this can vary with disease severity and number of digits involved. […] For patients with continued issues following conservative management, surgical release of the A1 pulley provides excellent results and remains the most effective and reliable treatment offered. […] Open surgical trigger finger release remains the most effective treatment modality, with success rates nearing 100%. […] Patients with a long duration of preoperative symptoms, flexion contracture of the PIP joint, and fraying or partial tear of the flexor tendon may be at increased risk of prolonged symptoms such as pain, reduced range of motion, catching and locking, among others despite surgical release.
  • #2 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    The prognosis for patients with TF is very good; most respond to corticosteroid injection with or without associated splinting. Some cases of TF may resolve spontaneously and then reoccur without obvious correlation with treatment or exacerbating factors. […] Patients who need surgical release generally have a very good outcome. A number of studies have found percutaneous TF release to be safe and efficacious, with success rates of 74-94% and no complications at medium-term follow-up. The procedure is advised for individuals with established primary TF who have symptoms lasting longer than 4 months or for those in whom injection therapy has failed to relieve symptoms. It is considered a reasonable choice following one injection failure and actually may confer cost benefits through permanent relief.
  • #3 Trigger finger – Poor outcome of surgery associated with younger age, pain, psoriatic arthritis and atopic disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11457916/
    Poor outcome was strongly associated with younger age (P = 0.0009), a high level of preoperative pain in the operated hand (P = 0.0027), psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.021) and atopic disease (P = 0.028; odds ratio [OR]: 3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1513.04). […] Younger age, a high level of preoperative pain, psoriatic arthritis and atopic disease were factors associated with a worse outcome of trigger finger surgery. […] The worst outcome, defined as poor in the outcome scale, was associated with younger age, more pain in the operated finger at baseline, and the presence of psoriatic arthritis or atopic disease. […] An association between younger age and poor outcome could suggest a more severe and difficult-to-treat trigger finger disease in younger patients, which is further supported by the finding of more pain in the younger patients. […] Baseline pain was the best predictor of a poor outcome of surgery when analysed for all patients together, a finding in line with other studies. […] The level of pain and the lack or presence of atopic disease were the strongest predictors for both an excellent and poor result.
  • #4 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    Trigger finger is a common hand condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% of the adult population. It is a common cause of hand disability. Management begins conservatively with observation, orthotic immobilization and corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections can also be offered with the effectiveness approaching 80% in some studies, although this can vary with disease severity and number of digits involved. […] For patients with continued issues following conservative management, surgical release of the A1 pulley provides excellent results and remains the most effective and reliable treatment offered. […] Open surgical trigger finger release remains the most effective treatment modality, with success rates nearing 100%. […] Patients with a long duration of preoperative symptoms, flexion contracture of the PIP joint, and fraying or partial tear of the flexor tendon may be at increased risk of prolonged symptoms such as pain, reduced range of motion, catching and locking, among others despite surgical release.
  • #5 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    Trigger finger is a common hand condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% of the adult population. It is a common cause of hand disability. Management begins conservatively with observation, orthotic immobilization and corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections can also be offered with the effectiveness approaching 80% in some studies, although this can vary with disease severity and number of digits involved. […] For patients with continued issues following conservative management, surgical release of the A1 pulley provides excellent results and remains the most effective and reliable treatment offered. […] Open surgical trigger finger release remains the most effective treatment modality, with success rates nearing 100%. […] Patients with a long duration of preoperative symptoms, flexion contracture of the PIP joint, and fraying or partial tear of the flexor tendon may be at increased risk of prolonged symptoms such as pain, reduced range of motion, catching and locking, among others despite surgical release.
  • #6 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    In comparing open release to conservative management, Hansen et al. performed a prospective randomized controlled trial of 165 patients. It demonstrated a success rate of 99% at three and 12 months postoperatively in the open release cohort compared to 86% and 49% at three and 12 months, respectively, in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections remain an effective treatment option for trigger fingers. However, they may increase the risk of infection following surgical release. […] In a retrospective study of 999 trigger fingers managed with the surgical release, Ng et al. found that patients who received a preoperative corticosteroid injection were significantly more likely to develop a postoperative infection. […] For those patients who fail conservative management, surgical intervention should be offered.
  • #7 Trigger Finger
    https://www.premierhealth.com/hand-and-reconstructive-surgeons-and-associates/condition-information/trigger-finger
    Almost half of patients required no additional injections. […] Overall, 45% of patients benefited after a single injection. […] The findings give physicians and patients an estimate of the likelihood (i.e., 45%) that a single injection will be effective in the long term. […] In addition, a patient with a good result after 2 years has an excellent chance of sustaining that outcome.
  • #8 Trigger finger: prognostic indicators of recurrence following corticosteroid injection – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676896/
    Corticosteroid injections are commonly used in the treatment of flexor tenosynovitis in adults. The present study was performed in an attempt to identify prognostic indicators of symptom recurrence one year after corticosteroid injection for the treatment of trigger digits. […] Seventy digits (56%) had a recurrence of symptoms at a median of 5.6 months (range, 0.5 to 13.1 months) after the injection. […] According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the estimated rate of freedom from symptom recurrence was 70% (95% confidence interval, 63% to 77%) at six months and 45% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 54%) at twelve months and the estimated rate of freedom from surgical release was 95% (95% confidence interval, 92% to 98%) at six months and 83% (95% confidence interval, 77% to 89%) at twelve months.
  • #9 Trigger finger: prognostic indicators of recurrence following corticosteroid injection – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676896/
    At one year following injection, 56% of the digits had a recurrence of symptoms. Younger age, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, involvement of multiple digits, and a history of other tendinopathies of the upper extremity were associated with a higher rate of treatment failure. Symptoms often recurred several months after the injection.
  • #10 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    The prognosis for patients with TF is very good; most respond to corticosteroid injection with or without associated splinting. Some cases of TF may resolve spontaneously and then reoccur without obvious correlation with treatment or exacerbating factors. […] Patients who need surgical release generally have a very good outcome. A number of studies have found percutaneous TF release to be safe and efficacious, with success rates of 74-94% and no complications at medium-term follow-up. The procedure is advised for individuals with established primary TF who have symptoms lasting longer than 4 months or for those in whom injection therapy has failed to relieve symptoms. It is considered a reasonable choice following one injection failure and actually may confer cost benefits through permanent relief.
  • #11 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    Triggering may resolve spontaneously in 23-63% of pediatric cases. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Tang et al found that the rate of spontaneous resolution for pediatric trigger thumb was 43.5%. If patients are not treated by the time they have reached the age of 4 years, some may be left with permanent flexion contractures. Surgical release of the A1 pulley prior to this age leads to excellent results.
  • #12 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    Trigger finger is a common hand condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% of the adult population. It is a common cause of hand disability. Management begins conservatively with observation, orthotic immobilization and corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections can also be offered with the effectiveness approaching 80% in some studies, although this can vary with disease severity and number of digits involved. […] For patients with continued issues following conservative management, surgical release of the A1 pulley provides excellent results and remains the most effective and reliable treatment offered. […] Open surgical trigger finger release remains the most effective treatment modality, with success rates nearing 100%. […] Patients with a long duration of preoperative symptoms, flexion contracture of the PIP joint, and fraying or partial tear of the flexor tendon may be at increased risk of prolonged symptoms such as pain, reduced range of motion, catching and locking, among others despite surgical release.
  • #13 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    In comparing open release to conservative management, Hansen et al. performed a prospective randomized controlled trial of 165 patients. It demonstrated a success rate of 99% at three and 12 months postoperatively in the open release cohort compared to 86% and 49% at three and 12 months, respectively, in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections remain an effective treatment option for trigger fingers. However, they may increase the risk of infection following surgical release. […] In a retrospective study of 999 trigger fingers managed with the surgical release, Ng et al. found that patients who received a preoperative corticosteroid injection were significantly more likely to develop a postoperative infection. […] For those patients who fail conservative management, surgical intervention should be offered.
  • #14 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    In comparing open release to conservative management, Hansen et al. performed a prospective randomized controlled trial of 165 patients. It demonstrated a success rate of 99% at three and 12 months postoperatively in the open release cohort compared to 86% and 49% at three and 12 months, respectively, in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections remain an effective treatment option for trigger fingers. However, they may increase the risk of infection following surgical release. […] In a retrospective study of 999 trigger fingers managed with the surgical release, Ng et al. found that patients who received a preoperative corticosteroid injection were significantly more likely to develop a postoperative infection. […] For those patients who fail conservative management, surgical intervention should be offered.
  • #15 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    The prognosis for patients with TF is very good; most respond to corticosteroid injection with or without associated splinting. Some cases of TF may resolve spontaneously and then reoccur without obvious correlation with treatment or exacerbating factors. […] Patients who need surgical release generally have a very good outcome. A number of studies have found percutaneous TF release to be safe and efficacious, with success rates of 74-94% and no complications at medium-term follow-up. The procedure is advised for individuals with established primary TF who have symptoms lasting longer than 4 months or for those in whom injection therapy has failed to relieve symptoms. It is considered a reasonable choice following one injection failure and actually may confer cost benefits through permanent relief.
  • #16 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    Triggering may resolve spontaneously in 23-63% of pediatric cases. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Tang et al found that the rate of spontaneous resolution for pediatric trigger thumb was 43.5%. If patients are not treated by the time they have reached the age of 4 years, some may be left with permanent flexion contractures. Surgical release of the A1 pulley prior to this age leads to excellent results.
  • #17 A Finite Element Model for Trigger Finger
    https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1592/2/3/15
    The aim of this study was to develop a finite element model to investigate the forces on tendons which ensue due to trigger finger. […] The intention of this study is that the simulation framework is used to enable the in silico development of novel prosthetic devices to aid with treatment of trigger finger, given that, currently, the non-surgical first line of treatment is a splint. […] This study has highlighted a clear increase in exerted force on tendons restricted by trigger finger when compared to healthy tendons under the same range of motion. […] The force analysis further indicates that the more severe the condition, the greater the stress induced in the tendon. […] Ultimately, the intention of this paper is partly to encourage innovation for prosthetic devices to treat trigger finger, by providing a framework for initial stage development in silico.
  • #18 A Finite Element Model for Trigger Finger
    https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1592/2/3/15
    The aim of this study was to develop a finite element model to investigate the forces on tendons which ensue due to trigger finger. […] The intention of this study is that the simulation framework is used to enable the in silico development of novel prosthetic devices to aid with treatment of trigger finger, given that, currently, the non-surgical first line of treatment is a splint. […] This study has highlighted a clear increase in exerted force on tendons restricted by trigger finger when compared to healthy tendons under the same range of motion. […] The force analysis further indicates that the more severe the condition, the greater the stress induced in the tendon. […] Ultimately, the intention of this paper is partly to encourage innovation for prosthetic devices to treat trigger finger, by providing a framework for initial stage development in silico.
  • #19 Trigger Finger: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes | Published in SurgiColl
    https://surgicoll.scholasticahq.com/article/68065-trigger-finger-evaluation-management-and-outcomes
    Trigger finger is a common hand condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% of the adult population. It is a common cause of hand disability. Management begins conservatively with observation, orthotic immobilization and corticosteroid injections. […] Corticosteroid injections can also be offered with the effectiveness approaching 80% in some studies, although this can vary with disease severity and number of digits involved. […] For patients with continued issues following conservative management, surgical release of the A1 pulley provides excellent results and remains the most effective and reliable treatment offered. […] Open surgical trigger finger release remains the most effective treatment modality, with success rates nearing 100%. […] Patients with a long duration of preoperative symptoms, flexion contracture of the PIP joint, and fraying or partial tear of the flexor tendon may be at increased risk of prolonged symptoms such as pain, reduced range of motion, catching and locking, among others despite surgical release.
  • #20 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    The prognosis for patients with TF is very good; most respond to corticosteroid injection with or without associated splinting. Some cases of TF may resolve spontaneously and then reoccur without obvious correlation with treatment or exacerbating factors. […] Patients who need surgical release generally have a very good outcome. A number of studies have found percutaneous TF release to be safe and efficacious, with success rates of 74-94% and no complications at medium-term follow-up. The procedure is advised for individuals with established primary TF who have symptoms lasting longer than 4 months or for those in whom injection therapy has failed to relieve symptoms. It is considered a reasonable choice following one injection failure and actually may confer cost benefits through permanent relief.
  • #21 Trigger Finger
    https://www.premierhealth.com/hand-and-reconstructive-surgeons-and-associates/condition-information/trigger-finger
    Almost half of patients required no additional injections. […] Overall, 45% of patients benefited after a single injection. […] The findings give physicians and patients an estimate of the likelihood (i.e., 45%) that a single injection will be effective in the long term. […] In addition, a patient with a good result after 2 years has an excellent chance of sustaining that outcome.
  • #22 Trigger finger – Poor outcome of surgery associated with younger age, pain, psoriatic arthritis and atopic disease
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11457916/
    Poor outcome was strongly associated with younger age (P = 0.0009), a high level of preoperative pain in the operated hand (P = 0.0027), psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.021) and atopic disease (P = 0.028; odds ratio [OR]: 3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1513.04). […] Younger age, a high level of preoperative pain, psoriatic arthritis and atopic disease were factors associated with a worse outcome of trigger finger surgery. […] The worst outcome, defined as poor in the outcome scale, was associated with younger age, more pain in the operated finger at baseline, and the presence of psoriatic arthritis or atopic disease. […] An association between younger age and poor outcome could suggest a more severe and difficult-to-treat trigger finger disease in younger patients, which is further supported by the finding of more pain in the younger patients. […] Baseline pain was the best predictor of a poor outcome of surgery when analysed for all patients together, a finding in line with other studies. […] The level of pain and the lack or presence of atopic disease were the strongest predictors for both an excellent and poor result.
  • #23 Trigger finger: prognostic indicators of recurrence following corticosteroid injection – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676896/
    At one year following injection, 56% of the digits had a recurrence of symptoms. Younger age, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, involvement of multiple digits, and a history of other tendinopathies of the upper extremity were associated with a higher rate of treatment failure. Symptoms often recurred several months after the injection.
  • #24 Trigger Finger: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244693-overview
    Triggering may resolve spontaneously in 23-63% of pediatric cases. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Tang et al found that the rate of spontaneous resolution for pediatric trigger thumb was 43.5%. If patients are not treated by the time they have reached the age of 4 years, some may be left with permanent flexion contractures. Surgical release of the A1 pulley prior to this age leads to excellent results.
  • #25 A Finite Element Model for Trigger Finger
    https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1592/2/3/15
    The aim of this study was to develop a finite element model to investigate the forces on tendons which ensue due to trigger finger. […] The intention of this study is that the simulation framework is used to enable the in silico development of novel prosthetic devices to aid with treatment of trigger finger, given that, currently, the non-surgical first line of treatment is a splint. […] This study has highlighted a clear increase in exerted force on tendons restricted by trigger finger when compared to healthy tendons under the same range of motion. […] The force analysis further indicates that the more severe the condition, the greater the stress induced in the tendon. […] Ultimately, the intention of this paper is partly to encourage innovation for prosthetic devices to treat trigger finger, by providing a framework for initial stage development in silico.