Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The hallmark symptom for spinal metastases is back pain, with 80% to 95% of patients having this symptom. […] In its most severe form, metastatic disease can cause spinal cord compression. […] The most common location for spinal metastasis is the thoracic spine (60%-80%), followed by the lumbar spine (15%-30%) and lastly the cervical spine (10%). […] Of all potential osseous sites of secondary metastasis, the spine is the most common, accounting for 70% of all osseous metastases. […] The presence of bone metastasis can significantly reduce the quality of life and bring about limited or loss of mobility and loss of functional independence. […] The increasing identification of cancer patients with spinal metastasis as a result of increasing survival rates for primary tumor is a testament to the effectiveness of modern systemic treatments.

• #1 Epidemiology and Demographics for Primary Vertebral Tumors | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1016%2Fj.nec.2007.10.005

  The vertebral column is the most common osseous site for secondary malignancy. Conversely, primary tumors of the vertebral column are relatively rare, comprising only 10% or less of all tumors to the spine. […] This article outlines benign and malignant tumors of the spine in children and adults.

• #2 Epidemiology and Demographics for Primary Vertebral Tumors | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1016%2Fj.nec.2007.10.005

  The vertebral column is the most common osseous site for secondary malignancy. Conversely, primary tumors of the vertebral column are relatively rare, comprising only 10% or less of all tumors to the spine. […] This article outlines benign and malignant tumors of the spine in children and adults.

• #2 Spinal Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1267223-overview

  Primary tumors of the spine are far rarer than metastatic tumors: In the United States, there are an estimated 7500 new cases of primary spinal tumors per year, compared with 90,000 metastatic cases. Of these rare tumors, hemangioma is the most common, with benign lesions accounting for approximately 30% of all cases. Most of these are asymptomatic and may be found incidentally on imaging of the spine. Plasmacytoma is the most common malignant tumor of the spine, accounting for 20-30% of cases. […] As many as 10% of cancer patients may develop symptomatic metastases to the spine. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate, and lung are among the most common cancers metastasizing to the spine, with a slightly higher prevalence of bony metastases in men. The latter is likely due to the slightly higher prevalence of prostatic disease as compared with breast disease.

• #3 Spinal Tumors | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/spinal-tumors/

  The annual incidence of primary spinal cord tumors is estimated to be 4,100 cases with the majority seen in adults. […] Although the exact incidence is unknown, metastatic disease to the central nervous system is approximately tenfold more common than benign disease. […] Although there is limited evidence regarding risk factors for developing spinal cord tumors, it is thought that exposure to chemicals, radiation, certain infections, and hereditary conditions such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau may increase risk. […] Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute provides valuable epidemiologic information, especially for the relatively rare occurrence of primary spinal tumors.

• #4 Spinal Intramedullary Tumors (13.12.2024)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/242068

  Intramedullary tumors are a subgroup of spinal tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The estimated incidence of spinal tumors in general is 0.74 to 1.6 per 100 000 persons per year, with intramedullary tumors making up 10% to 30% of the total. […] Spinal tumors are rare neoplasms whose reported incidence ranges from 0.74 to 1.6 per 100 000 persons per year. They account for approximately 15% of all tumors of the central nervous system. […] Of the three types of spinal tumor, intramedullary tumors are the least common, accounting for 10-30% of the total. […] Intramedullary tumors are rare and often grow insidiously at first. They are, therefore, often not detected or misdiagnosed, with a resulting delay before appropriate treatment. The reported average time from symptom onset to diagnosis ranges from 6 to 37 months. It is clearly important to take measures to ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

• #5 Spinal Intramedullary Tumors (13.12.2024)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/242068

  Intramedullary tumors are a subgroup of spinal tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The estimated incidence of spinal tumors in general is 0.74 to 1.6 per 100 000 persons per year, with intramedullary tumors making up 10% to 30% of the total. […] Spinal tumors are rare neoplasms whose reported incidence ranges from 0.74 to 1.6 per 100 000 persons per year. They account for approximately 15% of all tumors of the central nervous system. […] Of the three types of spinal tumor, intramedullary tumors are the least common, accounting for 10-30% of the total. […] Intramedullary tumors are rare and often grow insidiously at first. They are, therefore, often not detected or misdiagnosed, with a resulting delay before appropriate treatment. The reported average time from symptom onset to diagnosis ranges from 6 to 37 months. It is clearly important to take measures to ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

• #6 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The hallmark symptom for spinal metastases is back pain, with 80% to 95% of patients having this symptom. […] In its most severe form, metastatic disease can cause spinal cord compression. […] The most common location for spinal metastasis is the thoracic spine (60%-80%), followed by the lumbar spine (15%-30%) and lastly the cervical spine (10%). […] Of all potential osseous sites of secondary metastasis, the spine is the most common, accounting for 70% of all osseous metastases. […] The presence of bone metastasis can significantly reduce the quality of life and bring about limited or loss of mobility and loss of functional independence. […] The increasing identification of cancer patients with spinal metastasis as a result of increasing survival rates for primary tumor is a testament to the effectiveness of modern systemic treatments.

• #7

  https://journals.lww.com/isoj/fulltext/2022/05020/epidemiology,_pathogenesis,_clinical_presentation,.3.aspx

  Spinal metastasis has become a major public health problem worldwide and seriously affects patients quality of life. […] About 50-70% of all cancer patients will have metastasis at the time of their death. Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis, following liver and lung. The commonest site of bone metastasis is the spine, followed by the pelvis, proximal femur, and skull. Spinal metastases are most frequently encountered in the thoracic spine (70%), followed by lumbar (20%) and cervical spine (10%). Fifty percent of all spinal metastasis arise from prostate, breast, or lung. […] Wright et al. performed a global epidemiological comparison and found a higher incidence of colonic, liver, and lung carcinoma metastases in Asian countries, and more frequent presentation of breast, prostate, and melanoma metastases in the West. However, there are no Indian studies that provide information on the incidence of spine metastasis in other common cancers or systemic malignancies.

• #8 Spinal Cord Neoplasms: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779872-overview

  Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] A slight male predominance exists for primary spinal cord tumors. Symptomatic hemangiomas occur most frequently in teenaged girls and typically involve the thoracic spine. […] The incidence of primary spinal cord tumors peaks in people aged 30-50 years. People older than 50 years are more likely to experience back pain secondary to a metastatic tumor. […] Pain is the most common early complaint of adult patients with spinal cord neoplasms, followed by the insidious progression of spinal cord dysfunction.

• #9 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Unraveling the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/38/9/4987

  Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is one of the most devastating complications of cancer. […] It occurs in up to 5% of all patients with cancer; however, it is a feature of advanced cancer, most commonly seen in patients with cancers of the breast, lung and prostate, which comprise 60% of cases. […] The incidence is likely to increase alongside with improved cancer survival rates. […] More than 20,000 MSCC new cases are diagnosed annually in the USA. […] The true incidence of MSCC is unknown and probably underestimated by at least 15%, as the detection rate depends on admission to hospital, and correct diagnosis. […] It is likely that the incidence of MSCC will increase in the future due to improved cancer treatments resulting in better survival and outcomes. […] The median age of MSCC diagnosis is 65 years.

• #10 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Unraveling the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/38/9/4987

  Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is one of the most devastating complications of cancer. […] It occurs in up to 5% of all patients with cancer; however, it is a feature of advanced cancer, most commonly seen in patients with cancers of the breast, lung and prostate, which comprise 60% of cases. […] The incidence is likely to increase alongside with improved cancer survival rates. […] More than 20,000 MSCC new cases are diagnosed annually in the USA. […] The true incidence of MSCC is unknown and probably underestimated by at least 15%, as the detection rate depends on admission to hospital, and correct diagnosis. […] It is likely that the incidence of MSCC will increase in the future due to improved cancer treatments resulting in better survival and outcomes. […] The median age of MSCC diagnosis is 65 years.

• #11 Spinal Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1267223-overview

  Primary tumors of the spine are far rarer than metastatic tumors: In the United States, there are an estimated 7500 new cases of primary spinal tumors per year, compared with 90,000 metastatic cases. Of these rare tumors, hemangioma is the most common, with benign lesions accounting for approximately 30% of all cases. Most of these are asymptomatic and may be found incidentally on imaging of the spine. Plasmacytoma is the most common malignant tumor of the spine, accounting for 20-30% of cases. […] As many as 10% of cancer patients may develop symptomatic metastases to the spine. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate, and lung are among the most common cancers metastasizing to the spine, with a slightly higher prevalence of bony metastases in men. The latter is likely due to the slightly higher prevalence of prostatic disease as compared with breast disease.

• #12 Epidemiological characteristics of primary spinal osseous tumors in Eastern China | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text

  https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-017-1136-1

  Primary spinal osseous tumors are rare, yet they represent a difficult treatment paradigm because of the complexities of tumor resection and significant resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The geographic distribution of primary spinal osseous tumors throughout the world appears to be quite variable, with a very low incidence reported in Asian countries. […] Data on 1209 cases of primary spinal osseous malignant and benign tumor cases diagnosed during the 20-year period of 1995 through 2015 in eastern China were analyzed. […] In 780 cases (64.5%), the lesion was benign and in 429 (35.5%) was malignant. […] Compared with other similar series reported in the literature from the other countries, our results obtained in a developing country were different in some degree. This large series of primary spinal osseous tumors may reflect fairly well their real incidence and provide a sufficiently detailed perspective on epidemiologic studies of primary spinal osseous tumors in eastern China.

• #13 Epidemiological features of spinal intradural tumors, a single-center clinical study in Beijing, China | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-024-07741-2

  Spinal intradural tumors are rare and heterogeneous in histological type, aggressiveness, and symptomatology, and there is a lack of data about them. This study investigated the epidemiological features of spinal intradural tumors. […] This study included 1321 patients [aged 47.1914.90 years, 603 (45.65%) males] with spinal intradural tumors. The most common histological subtype was schwannoma [n=511 (38.68%)], followed by spinal meningioma [n=184 (13.93%)] and ependymoma [n=101 (7.65%)]. […] According to the results of our single-center study, the most common spinal intradural tumor in Northern China is schwannoma, followed by spinal meningioma and ependymoma. […] The rarity and diversity of spinal tumors pose a major problem in understanding their epidemiological features. Indeed, there is a lack of epidemiological data regarding primary tumors at this site.

• #14 The epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States between 2006 and 2014 in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Volume 32 Issue 5 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/spine/view/journals/j-neurosurg-spine/32/5/article-p661.xml

  Spinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor following spinal meningioma and ependymoma. […] This article describes the epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014. […] There were 6989 spinal schwannoma cases between the years 2006 and 2014. The yearly incidence eminently increased between 2010 and 2014. Total incidence rate was 0.24 (95% CI 0.230.24) per 100,000 persons. […] The authors study results demonstrated a steady increase in the incidence of spinal schwannomas between 2010 and 2014. […] The present study represents the most thorough assessment of spinal schwannoma epidemiology in the American population. […] A better understanding of the true incidence of spinal schwannomas, along with risk factors for an increased incidence, is needed to further our understanding of this disease process and to direct future research efforts.

• #15 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The hallmark symptom for spinal metastases is back pain, with 80% to 95% of patients having this symptom. […] In its most severe form, metastatic disease can cause spinal cord compression. […] The most common location for spinal metastasis is the thoracic spine (60%-80%), followed by the lumbar spine (15%-30%) and lastly the cervical spine (10%). […] Of all potential osseous sites of secondary metastasis, the spine is the most common, accounting for 70% of all osseous metastases. […] The presence of bone metastasis can significantly reduce the quality of life and bring about limited or loss of mobility and loss of functional independence. […] The increasing identification of cancer patients with spinal metastasis as a result of increasing survival rates for primary tumor is a testament to the effectiveness of modern systemic treatments.

• #16

  https://journals.lww.com/isoj/fulltext/2022/05020/epidemiology,_pathogenesis,_clinical_presentation,.3.aspx

  Spinal metastasis has become a major public health problem worldwide and seriously affects patients quality of life. […] About 50-70% of all cancer patients will have metastasis at the time of their death. Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis, following liver and lung. The commonest site of bone metastasis is the spine, followed by the pelvis, proximal femur, and skull. Spinal metastases are most frequently encountered in the thoracic spine (70%), followed by lumbar (20%) and cervical spine (10%). Fifty percent of all spinal metastasis arise from prostate, breast, or lung. […] Wright et al. performed a global epidemiological comparison and found a higher incidence of colonic, liver, and lung carcinoma metastases in Asian countries, and more frequent presentation of breast, prostate, and melanoma metastases in the West. However, there are no Indian studies that provide information on the incidence of spine metastasis in other common cancers or systemic malignancies.

• #17 Spinal Cord Neoplasms: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779872-overview

  Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] A slight male predominance exists for primary spinal cord tumors. Symptomatic hemangiomas occur most frequently in teenaged girls and typically involve the thoracic spine. […] The incidence of primary spinal cord tumors peaks in people aged 30-50 years. People older than 50 years are more likely to experience back pain secondary to a metastatic tumor. […] Pain is the most common early complaint of adult patients with spinal cord neoplasms, followed by the insidious progression of spinal cord dysfunction.

• #18 Spinal Cord Neoplasms: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779872-overview

  Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] A slight male predominance exists for primary spinal cord tumors. Symptomatic hemangiomas occur most frequently in teenaged girls and typically involve the thoracic spine. […] The incidence of primary spinal cord tumors peaks in people aged 30-50 years. People older than 50 years are more likely to experience back pain secondary to a metastatic tumor. […] Pain is the most common early complaint of adult patients with spinal cord neoplasms, followed by the insidious progression of spinal cord dysfunction.

• #19 Spinal Cord Neoplasms: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779872-overview

  Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] A slight male predominance exists for primary spinal cord tumors. Symptomatic hemangiomas occur most frequently in teenaged girls and typically involve the thoracic spine. […] The incidence of primary spinal cord tumors peaks in people aged 30-50 years. People older than 50 years are more likely to experience back pain secondary to a metastatic tumor. […] Pain is the most common early complaint of adult patients with spinal cord neoplasms, followed by the insidious progression of spinal cord dysfunction.

• #20 Spinal Cord Neoplasms: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779872-overview

  Metastatic lesions that involve the spinal cord affect about 5-10% of patients with cancer. Approximately 15% of all primary CNS lesions arise from the spinal cord, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] A slight male predominance exists for primary spinal cord tumors. Symptomatic hemangiomas occur most frequently in teenaged girls and typically involve the thoracic spine. […] The incidence of primary spinal cord tumors peaks in people aged 30-50 years. People older than 50 years are more likely to experience back pain secondary to a metastatic tumor. […] Pain is the most common early complaint of adult patients with spinal cord neoplasms, followed by the insidious progression of spinal cord dysfunction.

• #21 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Unraveling the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/38/9/4987

  Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is one of the most devastating complications of cancer. […] It occurs in up to 5% of all patients with cancer; however, it is a feature of advanced cancer, most commonly seen in patients with cancers of the breast, lung and prostate, which comprise 60% of cases. […] The incidence is likely to increase alongside with improved cancer survival rates. […] More than 20,000 MSCC new cases are diagnosed annually in the USA. […] The true incidence of MSCC is unknown and probably underestimated by at least 15%, as the detection rate depends on admission to hospital, and correct diagnosis. […] It is likely that the incidence of MSCC will increase in the future due to improved cancer treatments resulting in better survival and outcomes. […] The median age of MSCC diagnosis is 65 years.

• #22

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1470409

  Spinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor following spinal meningioma and ependymoma. […] This article describes the epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014. […] There were 6989 spinal schwannoma cases between the years 2006 and 2014. The yearly incidence eminently increased between 2010 and 2014. Total incidence rate was 0.24 (95% CI 0.23-0.24) per 100,000 persons. The peak adjusted incidence rate was seen in patients who ranged in age from 65 to 74 years. Spinal schwannomas were less common in females than they were in males (incidence rate ratio = 0.85; p 0.001), and they were less common in blacks than they were in whites (IRR = 0.52; p 0.001) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (IRR = 0.50; p 0.001) compared to whites.

• #23 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  Identifying cancer patients with spinal metastases is critical because survival rates are lower for those with the advancing disease process of spinal metastases, and furthermore, those with epidural spinal cord compression. […] Although nearly all tumors can metastasize to bone, the top 3 primary sites are breast, lung, and prostate cancers. […] The palliative phase of treatment is therefore prolonged, offering providers an opportunity to efficiently identify and treat metastatic spinal disease.

• #24 Spinal Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1267223-overview

  Primary tumors of the spine are far rarer than metastatic tumors: In the United States, there are an estimated 7500 new cases of primary spinal tumors per year, compared with 90,000 metastatic cases. Of these rare tumors, hemangioma is the most common, with benign lesions accounting for approximately 30% of all cases. Most of these are asymptomatic and may be found incidentally on imaging of the spine. Plasmacytoma is the most common malignant tumor of the spine, accounting for 20-30% of cases. […] As many as 10% of cancer patients may develop symptomatic metastases to the spine. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate, and lung are among the most common cancers metastasizing to the spine, with a slightly higher prevalence of bony metastases in men. The latter is likely due to the slightly higher prevalence of prostatic disease as compared with breast disease.

• #25 Epidemiology and clinic of vertebral metastasis | Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-espanola-cirugia-ortopedica-traumatologia-129-articulo-translated-article-epidemiology-clinic-vertebral-S1888441523001753

  Epidemiology and clinic of vertebral metastasis […] In Spain, cancer is the second cause of death in women (22%) and the first in men (31%). Lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer are the most frequent. In most cases, death occurs as a result of metastasis and complications, rather than from the primary tumour. […] The most frequent sites of metastasis are the liver, lung and bone, in that order. Seventy to 80% of malignant tumours will give rise to bone metastases; of these, 70% will be in the spine. […] It is estimated that almost half of patients with spinal metastases will have metastases at multiple levels of the spine. […] In 2013, we conducted a review of 279 cases of metastases treated at our centre between 2006 and 2010. […] The most frequent primaries were: lung 26.1% (n=73), breast 21.8% (n=61) and prostate 10.7% (n=30).

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/isoj/fulltext/2022/05020/epidemiology,_pathogenesis,_clinical_presentation,.3.aspx

  Spinal metastasis has become a major public health problem worldwide and seriously affects patients quality of life. […] About 50-70% of all cancer patients will have metastasis at the time of their death. Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis, following liver and lung. The commonest site of bone metastasis is the spine, followed by the pelvis, proximal femur, and skull. Spinal metastases are most frequently encountered in the thoracic spine (70%), followed by lumbar (20%) and cervical spine (10%). Fifty percent of all spinal metastasis arise from prostate, breast, or lung. […] Wright et al. performed a global epidemiological comparison and found a higher incidence of colonic, liver, and lung carcinoma metastases in Asian countries, and more frequent presentation of breast, prostate, and melanoma metastases in the West. However, there are no Indian studies that provide information on the incidence of spine metastasis in other common cancers or systemic malignancies.

• #27 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  Identifying cancer patients with spinal metastases is critical because survival rates are lower for those with the advancing disease process of spinal metastases, and furthermore, those with epidural spinal cord compression. […] Although nearly all tumors can metastasize to bone, the top 3 primary sites are breast, lung, and prostate cancers. […] The palliative phase of treatment is therefore prolonged, offering providers an opportunity to efficiently identify and treat metastatic spinal disease.

• #28 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. […] Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. […] The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. […] Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life. […] The management of patients with spinal metastases requires multidisciplinary input from the requisite specialties including oncology, radiation oncology, and spine surgeons. […] Decision-making algorithms depend on the primary tumor, the patients functional status on presentation, visceral metastasis, the extent of spinal metastasis, and the presence of spinal cord compression and/or instability.

• #29

  https://surgeryreference.aofoundation.org/spine/tumors/primary-tumors/benign-tumors-l1-to-l5/intralesional-resection-l1-to-l5

  Patients are generally followed with periodical x-rays at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year to monitor for hardware failure and with an MRI every 6 months for tumor surveillance. […] Some primary benign tumors of the spine can recur years after surgery, and long-term tumor surveillance is important.

• #30 Spinal Enchondromas in the Cervical Spine: Rarity, Recurrence and the Importance of Long-Term Surveillance | Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports

  https://jocr.co.in/wp/2024/12/01/spinal-enchondromas-in-the-cervical-spine-rarity-recurrence-and-the-importance-of-long-term-surveillance/

  Chondromas are benign cartilaginous tumors classified into periosteal chondromas and enchondromas. […] Enchondromas constitute 48% of all bone tumors, with spinal enchondromas being exceptionally rare, particularly in the cervical region. […] Despite their benign nature, spinal enchondromas can cause significant clinical symptoms and have the potential for recurrence or malignant transformation. […] The potential for recurrence and malignant transformation, though low, necessitates thorough and prolonged monitoring. […] This study hypothesizes that aggressive surgical resection of spinal enchondromas, even in early stages, can lead to long-term symptom-free outcomes and prevent recurrence. […] This case highlights the successful long-term outcome following the surgical resection of a cervical spine enchondroma, demonstrating that aggressive surgical intervention can lead to sustained symptom-free outcomes.

• #31

  https://surgeryreference.aofoundation.org/spine/tumors/primary-tumors/benign-tumors-l1-to-l5/intralesional-resection-l1-to-l5

  Patients are generally followed with periodical x-rays at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year to monitor for hardware failure and with an MRI every 6 months for tumor surveillance. […] Some primary benign tumors of the spine can recur years after surgery, and long-term tumor surveillance is important.

• #32

  https://surgeryreference.aofoundation.org/spine/tumors/primary-tumors/malignant-tumors-t1-to-t12/en-bloc-resection-of-an-anterior-tumor-t1-to-t12

  Proper planning is instrumental in the management of primary spine tumors. […] Patients are generally followed with periodical x-rays at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year to monitor for hardware failure and with an MRI every 6 months for tumor surveillance. […] Some primary benign tumors of the spine can recur years after surgery, and long-term tumor surveillance is important.

• #33 The epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States between 2006 and 2014 in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Volume 32 Issue 5 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/spine/view/journals/j-neurosurg-spine/32/5/article-p661.xml

  Registration of all benign central nervous system tumors in the United States became mandatory in 2004 after the Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act took action. […] The incidence rate was lower in black (0.13 [95% CI 0.120.14]) and American Indian/Alaska Native (0.13 [95% CI 0.090.17]) individuals and higher in white (0.25 [95% CI 0.240.26]) and Asians or Pacific Islander (0.23 [95% CI 0.210.26]) individuals.

• #34 Spinal Tumors | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/spinal-tumors/

  The annual incidence of primary spinal cord tumors is estimated to be 4,100 cases with the majority seen in adults. […] Although the exact incidence is unknown, metastatic disease to the central nervous system is approximately tenfold more common than benign disease. […] Although there is limited evidence regarding risk factors for developing spinal cord tumors, it is thought that exposure to chemicals, radiation, certain infections, and hereditary conditions such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau may increase risk. […] Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute provides valuable epidemiologic information, especially for the relatively rare occurrence of primary spinal tumors.

• #35 Spine Tumors | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/spine-tumors.html

  Spine tumors are cancerous or noncancerous growths that begin in or around the spinal cord. They can spread in the layer of tissue surrounding the spinal cord or its nerve roots. Spine tumors can be life-threatening and may lead to permanent disability. […] Treatment of spine tumors depends on the size and location of the tumor, its rate of growth, and considerations with your overall health. […] Active Surveillance Not all spine tumors require immediate treatment. Those that are small, and not growing or pressing on critical structures may simply require periodic monitoring. […] Clinical trials evaluate new approaches, devices, or medications in the treatment of spine tumors.

• #36 Metastatic Spinal Cancer (Secondary Spinal Tumor) | Cancer Care and Oncology | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/cancer-care-oncology/conditions/metastatic-spinal-cancer

  Metastatic spinal tumors are cancerous areas that begin in other areas of the body and then travel to the spine. […] Doctors use neurological exams, imaging tests, biopsy, blood tests, bone scans and physical exams to diagnose a metastatic spinal tumor. […] Metastatic spinal cancer, or secondary spinal tumors, occur when cancer spreads from another area of the body to the spine. […] Other types of cancers can turn into secondary spinal tumors. Therefore, if you have a different kind of cancer, you are at risk of developing a metastatic spinal cancer. […] Your oncologist may use one or more of the following tests to diagnose this condition: […] if you are not experiencing any bothersome symptoms and your spinal tumor is not growing quickly, your oncologist may recommend ongoing monitoring. For this approach, you will see your doctor at regular appointments for additional testing and surveillance.

• #37 Bone up on spinal osseous lesions: a case review series | Insights into Imaging | Full Text

  https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-020-00883-6

  Osteosarcomas are malignant osteogenic tumors. […] While osteosarcomas are overall common, only 3% of cases of osteosarcomas originate in the spine. […] Advanced imaging techniques including dual-energy CT, metal reduction MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and perfusion and whole-body MR imaging are some of the newer techniques used in the evaluation of spinal osseous lesions.

• #38

  https://journals.lww.com/isoj/fulltext/2022/05020/epidemiology,_pathogenesis,_clinical_presentation,.3.aspx

  Spinal metastatic disease requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve these goals. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic approach for metastatic spinal disease. […] Spinal metastases represent a major source of morbidity from cancer. Morbidity from the same causes skeletal-related events (SREs), which are defined as a pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, necessity for radiation to bone (for pain or impending fracture) or surgery to bone, requirement for opiates, paraneoplastic syndrome, as well as hypercalcemia. […] Spinal metastasis can present as a diagnostic challenge that requires multidisciplinary team including spine surgeon, oncologist, and interventional radiologist. Currently, PET/CT is widely employed to search for the primary tumor and oncological staging. Biopsy is mandatory in nonemergent situations, for any suspicious spinal lesions in patients without a primary diagnosis of cancer or those in whom the lesion is the first sign of metastasis.

• #39 UVA Health Leading the Way With Innovative Spine Tumor Implant – Healthy Practice

  https://www.uvaphysicianresource.com/new-spine-tumor-implant/

  Francis Shen, MD, co-directs UVA Health Spine Center, one of the few U.S. centers offering an alternative, low-metal composite device for spine tumor patients. […] A new polyetheretherketone/carbon fiber (PEEK/CF) pedicle screw and vertebral body replacement (VBR) system delivers a number of benefits, including better tumor surveillance and higher accuracy for post-surgical radiation therapy, says orthopedic surgeon Francis Shen, MD, co-director of UVA Health Spine Center. […] Low-metal spine implants dont cure spinal tumors, but they may make living with them more manageable. They also allow oncologists to monitor and treat tumors more accurately, Shen explains. […] The new PEEK/CF implant appears to stabilize the spine just as successfully as its titanium and steel counterparts, but unlike titanium and steel, PEEK/CF is radiolucent. That means it allows post-surgical tumor radiation therapy to be highly targeted and accurate.

• #40 UVA Health Leading the Way With Innovative Spine Tumor Implant – Healthy Practice

  https://www.uvaphysicianresource.com/new-spine-tumor-implant/

  Using a composite PEEK/CF implant allows for more concentrated radiation therapy, thereby lowering overall exposure. […] Additionally, PEEK/CF doesnt interfere with magnetic imaging, allowing oncologists to better monitor for tumor growth and metastasis possibly resulting in earlier detection and less invasive treatments. […] Its too early to tell how the new low-metal implant will affect spine tumor prognoses in the future, but it has proven to be better for post-surgical surveillance and radiation therapy. […] PEEK/CF spinal implants have been shown to deliver superior tumor surveillance and allow for more targeted, concentrated radiation therapy.

• #41 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. […] Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. […] The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. […] Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life. […] The management of patients with spinal metastases requires multidisciplinary input from the requisite specialties including oncology, radiation oncology, and spine surgeons. […] Decision-making algorithms depend on the primary tumor, the patients functional status on presentation, visceral metastasis, the extent of spinal metastasis, and the presence of spinal cord compression and/or instability.

• #42 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. […] Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. […] The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. […] Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life. […] The management of patients with spinal metastases requires multidisciplinary input from the requisite specialties including oncology, radiation oncology, and spine surgeons. […] Decision-making algorithms depend on the primary tumor, the patients functional status on presentation, visceral metastasis, the extent of spinal metastasis, and the presence of spinal cord compression and/or instability.

• #43

  https://journals.lww.com/jcjs/fulltext/2024/15030/epidemiology_study_on_the_prognostic_factors_of.17.aspx

  Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors are rare tumors of the spinal cord. Currently, there is no evidence on the factors that predict poor outcomes in the patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic factors that are associated with poor outcomes in IDEM tumors. […] IDEM tumors are rare, with reports of the incidence ranging from 0.74 per 100,000 person-years to 1.11 per 100,000 person-years. In Thailand, once diagnosed, most patients are referred to tertiary care centers to be treated by spine specialists. […] The significant factors for poor outcomes included the number of vertebral levels removed for tumor access (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3011.08, P = 0.013); pathology other than meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma (adjusted OR = 18.86, 95% CI = 2.16164.49, P = 0.007); and bowel/bladder involvement (adjusted OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.1510.39, P = 0.027). […] We found that the factors for poor outcomes included bowel/bladder involvement, number of vertebral levels removed for tumor access, and pathology other than meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma.

• #44 (PDF) Metastatic Spine Tumor Epidemiology: Comparison of Trends in Surgery Across Two Decades and Three Continents

  https://www.academia.edu/116838108/Metastatic_Spine_Tumor_Epidemiology_Comparison_of_Trends_in_Surgery_Across_Two_Decades_and_Three_Continents

  Median overall survival time was 222 days (range, 175-274 days). […] Complications such as bleeding or need for intensive care could be predicted preoperatively based on preoperative performance status, type of primary tumor, affected vertebral levels, and type of surgical interventions. […] Spinal metastatic disease is a challenging surgical problem. […] If the exact prognostic factors are known preoperatively, surgical outcome and overall survival can be predicted more precisely. […] The most common primary lesions included lung, breast, and prostate in both groups. […] The median overall survival duration of the metastatic spine tumor patients was 191 d. […] Age, sex, comorbidities, certain primary tumor sites, and synchronous metastasis significantly affect the survival periods of patients with metastatic spine tumors.

• #45 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Unraveling the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/38/9/4987

  It is reported that approximately 80% of those patients had an established diagnosis of cancer whereas 20% presented with MSCC as the first presentation of malignancy. […] Lung, breast and prostate cancers account for over 60% of MSCC cases. […] The majority of MSCC patients die within the first year following diagnosis. […] Prognostic scoring systems have been developed in order to predict patients’ overall survival and guide therapeutic approach. […] Pre-radiation neurological status represents the most important predictive factor of outcome. […] Overall, patients with shorter life expectancies are offered higher doses of radiation in abbreviated courses, while those with less extensive disease are managed with lower doses over a prolonged period of time. […] The knowledge of rehabilitation principles and practices to this patient population is also important.

• #46 (PDF) Metastatic Spine Tumor Epidemiology: Comparison of Trends in Surgery Across Two Decades and Three Continents

  https://www.academia.edu/116838108/Metastatic_Spine_Tumor_Epidemiology_Comparison_of_Trends_in_Surgery_Across_Two_Decades_and_Three_Continents

  Increasing age, male gender and primary lung cancer were significant risk factors for death within 30 days of surgery. […] A preoperative neurological deficit contributed a 19% increase in mortality and a 71% increase in the risk of postoperative wound infection. […] We found an overall major complication rate of 27%. […] The aim of this nationwide study was to analyze the current state of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic spine tumors according to surgical methods. […] The three most prevalent primary tumor sites were the lung, breast, and liver biliary. […] The median survival periods for each surgical method in the metastatic spine tumor pa… […] Oncologic treatments increase the incidence of spinal metastases. […] Surgical treatment of spinal metastases results in a high complication rate, which must set against the expected benefits.

• #47 (PDF) Metastatic Spine Tumor Epidemiology: Comparison of Trends in Surgery Across Two Decades and Three Continents

  https://www.academia.edu/116838108/Metastatic_Spine_Tumor_Epidemiology_Comparison_of_Trends_in_Surgery_Across_Two_Decades_and_Three_Continents

  Median overall survival time was 222 days (range, 175-274 days). […] Complications such as bleeding or need for intensive care could be predicted preoperatively based on preoperative performance status, type of primary tumor, affected vertebral levels, and type of surgical interventions. […] Spinal metastatic disease is a challenging surgical problem. […] If the exact prognostic factors are known preoperatively, surgical outcome and overall survival can be predicted more precisely. […] The most common primary lesions included lung, breast, and prostate in both groups. […] The median overall survival duration of the metastatic spine tumor patients was 191 d. […] Age, sex, comorbidities, certain primary tumor sites, and synchronous metastasis significantly affect the survival periods of patients with metastatic spine tumors.

• #48 (PDF) Metastatic Spine Tumor Epidemiology: Comparison of Trends in Surgery Across Two Decades and Three Continents

  https://www.academia.edu/116838108/Metastatic_Spine_Tumor_Epidemiology_Comparison_of_Trends_in_Surgery_Across_Two_Decades_and_Three_Continents

  Indications for surgery for symptomatic spinal metastases have become better defined in recent years, and suitable outcome measures have been established against a changing backdrop of patient characteristics, tumor behavior, and oncologic treatments. […] In this cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic spinal metastases, data were collected using a secure Internet database from 22 centers across 3 continents. […] There was a higher incidence of colonic, liver, and lung carcinoma metastases in Asian countries, and more frequent presentation of breast, prostate, melanoma metastases in t… […] The management of spinal metastases is palliative and aimed at improving quality of life at an acceptable risk. […] We identified 987 patients with a median survival for all types of cancer of 227 days.

• #49 (PDF) Metastatic Spine Tumor Epidemiology: Comparison of Trends in Surgery Across Two Decades and Three Continents

  https://www.academia.edu/116838108/Metastatic_Spine_Tumor_Epidemiology_Comparison_of_Trends_in_Surgery_Across_Two_Decades_and_Three_Continents

  Median overall survival time was 222 days (range, 175-274 days). […] Complications such as bleeding or need for intensive care could be predicted preoperatively based on preoperative performance status, type of primary tumor, affected vertebral levels, and type of surgical interventions. […] Spinal metastatic disease is a challenging surgical problem. […] If the exact prognostic factors are known preoperatively, surgical outcome and overall survival can be predicted more precisely. […] The most common primary lesions included lung, breast, and prostate in both groups. […] The median overall survival duration of the metastatic spine tumor patients was 191 d. […] Age, sex, comorbidities, certain primary tumor sites, and synchronous metastasis significantly affect the survival periods of patients with metastatic spine tumors.

• #50 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUMORS OF THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINE IN UKRAINE IN 2000-2019 – тема научной статьи по клинической медицине читайте бесплатно текст научно-исследовательской работы в электронной библиотеке КиберЛенинка

  https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/epidemiology-of-tumors-of-the-spinal-cord-and-spine-in-ukraine-in-2000-2019

  The introduction of modern neuroimaging methods and advanced treatment methods into clinical practice has contributed to an increase in the number of hospitalizations and surgical interventions in TSCS. […] The highest rate of increase was observed in vertebral tumors, the lowest – in extramedullary tumors.

• #51 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUMORS OF THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINE IN UKRAINE IN 2000-2019 – тема научной статьи по клинической медицине читайте бесплатно текст научно-исследовательской работы в электронной библиотеке КиберЛенинка

  https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/epidemiology-of-tumors-of-the-spinal-cord-and-spine-in-ukraine-in-2000-2019

  The introduction of modern neuroimaging methods and advanced treatment methods into clinical practice has contributed to an increase in the number of hospitalizations and surgical interventions in TSCS. […] The highest rate of increase was observed in vertebral tumors, the lowest – in extramedullary tumors.

• #52

  https://theunj.org/article/view/217283

  In 2019, 1,325 patients with TSCS were hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, which is 2,3 times more than in 2000 (567), per 1 million population – almost 3 times (34,7 vs. 11, 6 ). […] Patients with TSCS account for 1,5% of all patients hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, 12,8% of all CNS neoplasms and 5,2% of all spinal pathology. Vertebral tumors account for 42,64% of all TSCS and extramedullary tumors have an incidence rate similar to vertebral tumors (42,64%), intramedullary tumors account for 14,72%. […] In 2019, patients with vertebral tumors were hospitalized 3.7 times more than in 2000 (565 and 154 respectively), were operated 6,4 times more (465 and 73 respectively). The rate of increase is even higher per 1 million population. In 2019, there were 14,8 hospitalizations per 1 million population for vertebral tumors, which is 4,7 greater than in 2000 (3,1 hospitalizations), and 12,2 surgeries, which is 8,2 greater than in 2000 (1,5 operations).

• #53

  https://theunj.org/article/view/217283

  In 2019, 1,325 patients with TSCS were hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, which is 2,3 times more than in 2000 (567), per 1 million population – almost 3 times (34,7 vs. 11, 6 ). […] Patients with TSCS account for 1,5% of all patients hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, 12,8% of all CNS neoplasms and 5,2% of all spinal pathology. Vertebral tumors account for 42,64% of all TSCS and extramedullary tumors have an incidence rate similar to vertebral tumors (42,64%), intramedullary tumors account for 14,72%. […] In 2019, patients with vertebral tumors were hospitalized 3.7 times more than in 2000 (565 and 154 respectively), were operated 6,4 times more (465 and 73 respectively). The rate of increase is even higher per 1 million population. In 2019, there were 14,8 hospitalizations per 1 million population for vertebral tumors, which is 4,7 greater than in 2000 (3,1 hospitalizations), and 12,2 surgeries, which is 8,2 greater than in 2000 (1,5 operations).

• #54

  https://theunj.org/article/view/217283

  In 2019, 1,325 patients with TSCS were hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, which is 2,3 times more than in 2000 (567), per 1 million population – almost 3 times (34,7 vs. 11, 6 ). […] Patients with TSCS account for 1,5% of all patients hospitalized in neurosurgical departments of Ukraine, 12,8% of all CNS neoplasms and 5,2% of all spinal pathology. Vertebral tumors account for 42,64% of all TSCS and extramedullary tumors have an incidence rate similar to vertebral tumors (42,64%), intramedullary tumors account for 14,72%. […] In 2019, patients with vertebral tumors were hospitalized 3.7 times more than in 2000 (565 and 154 respectively), were operated 6,4 times more (465 and 73 respectively). The rate of increase is even higher per 1 million population. In 2019, there were 14,8 hospitalizations per 1 million population for vertebral tumors, which is 4,7 greater than in 2000 (3,1 hospitalizations), and 12,2 surgeries, which is 8,2 greater than in 2000 (1,5 operations).

• #55 The epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States between 2006 and 2014 in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Volume 32 Issue 5 (2019) Journals

  https://thejns.org/spine/view/journals/j-neurosurg-spine/32/5/article-p661.xml

  Spinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor following spinal meningioma and ependymoma. […] This article describes the epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014. […] There were 6989 spinal schwannoma cases between the years 2006 and 2014. The yearly incidence eminently increased between 2010 and 2014. Total incidence rate was 0.24 (95% CI 0.230.24) per 100,000 persons. […] The authors study results demonstrated a steady increase in the incidence of spinal schwannomas between 2010 and 2014. […] The present study represents the most thorough assessment of spinal schwannoma epidemiology in the American population. […] A better understanding of the true incidence of spinal schwannomas, along with risk factors for an increased incidence, is needed to further our understanding of this disease process and to direct future research efforts.

• #56 Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7705531/

  The spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. […] Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. […] The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. […] Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life. […] The management of patients with spinal metastases requires multidisciplinary input from the requisite specialties including oncology, radiation oncology, and spine surgeons. […] Decision-making algorithms depend on the primary tumor, the patients functional status on presentation, visceral metastasis, the extent of spinal metastasis, and the presence of spinal cord compression and/or instability.

• #57 Total en bloc resection of primary and metastatic spine tumors

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24218/html

  En bloc resection in the spine is generally indicated for malignant primary tumors as well as aggressive benign tumors. […] En bloc resection has proven effective in improving prognosis and decreasing local recurrence for primary aggressive spinal lesions. […] Successful en bloc resection appears to especially improve recurrence-free and overall survival for aggressive primary tumors. […] A recent review estimated disease-free survival following en bloc resection to be 92.6%, 63.2%, and 43.9% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively, in a primary tumor cohort. […] However, it is worth noting that within this category there exists significant variability in baseline expected survival, recurrence rates and surgical morbidity, and any improvement following en bloc resection must be considered within the context of the primary pathology.

• #58 Total en bloc resection of primary and metastatic spine tumors

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24218/html

  En bloc resection in the spine is generally indicated for malignant primary tumors as well as aggressive benign tumors. […] En bloc resection has proven effective in improving prognosis and decreasing local recurrence for primary aggressive spinal lesions. […] Successful en bloc resection appears to especially improve recurrence-free and overall survival for aggressive primary tumors. […] A recent review estimated disease-free survival following en bloc resection to be 92.6%, 63.2%, and 43.9% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively, in a primary tumor cohort. […] However, it is worth noting that within this category there exists significant variability in baseline expected survival, recurrence rates and surgical morbidity, and any improvement following en bloc resection must be considered within the context of the primary pathology.

• #59 Total en bloc resection of primary and metastatic spine tumors

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24218/html

  Similarly, prognosis for metastatic lesions following en bloc resection varies widely based on primary pathology and systemic disease status. […] A recent analysis of 91 patients who underwent en bloc resection for metastatic spine lesions demonstrated a local recurrence rate of 11%, at a mean follow-up duration of 27.4 months. […] En bloc resection may provide particular benefit to patients with radioresistant metastases. […] En bloc resection can provide local control for several subtypes of sarcoma occurring in the spine. […] Despite the benefits of en bloc resection in appropriately selected patients, this demanding technique nonetheless has significant risks. […] Overall, en bloc resection carries an increased complication rate when compared with intralesional resection. […] The high morbidity of spinal oncologic resections in general has been previously well-described.

• #60 Total en bloc resection of primary and metastatic spine tumors

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/24218/html

  Similarly, prognosis for metastatic lesions following en bloc resection varies widely based on primary pathology and systemic disease status. […] A recent analysis of 91 patients who underwent en bloc resection for metastatic spine lesions demonstrated a local recurrence rate of 11%, at a mean follow-up duration of 27.4 months. […] En bloc resection may provide particular benefit to patients with radioresistant metastases. […] En bloc resection can provide local control for several subtypes of sarcoma occurring in the spine. […] Despite the benefits of en bloc resection in appropriately selected patients, this demanding technique nonetheless has significant risks. […] Overall, en bloc resection carries an increased complication rate when compared with intralesional resection. […] The high morbidity of spinal oncologic resections in general has been previously well-described.

• #61 Spine Tumors | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/spine-tumors.html

  Spine tumors are cancerous or noncancerous growths that begin in or around the spinal cord. They can spread in the layer of tissue surrounding the spinal cord or its nerve roots. Spine tumors can be life-threatening and may lead to permanent disability. […] Treatment of spine tumors depends on the size and location of the tumor, its rate of growth, and considerations with your overall health. […] Active Surveillance Not all spine tumors require immediate treatment. Those that are small, and not growing or pressing on critical structures may simply require periodic monitoring. […] Clinical trials evaluate new approaches, devices, or medications in the treatment of spine tumors.

• #62 Complications associated to wound drainages in tumor spine surgery: a multicenter surveillance study from the German Spine Registry (DWG-Register) | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-23579-x

  There is an ongoing debate whether a surgical drainage is beneficial to prevent local accumulation of hematoma and to reduce the rate of wound infections, and neurological deficits. […] A surgical wound drainage cannot prevent epidural hematoma. […] Evidence for usage of wound drainages is limited and the application is rather generous. Placement of a surgical drainage can be justified by assumed prevention of hematoma and less spinal cord compression with neurological comprise, which has not been proven by the presented data. […] In conclusion, a surgical drain cannot prevent epidural hematoma in tumor spine surgery but is also associated with an increased risk of deep wound infections and implant failure within a vulnerable cohort. This current study adds further evidence to the ongoing debate whether placement of a wound drain is beneficial in spine surgery. Further prospective and randomized studies are needed to clarify this question ultimately.

• #63 Postoperative surveillance in cranial and spinal tumor neurosurgery: when is this warranted? in: Journal of Neurosurgery Volume 138 Issue 5 (2022) Journals

  https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/138/5/article-p1188.xml

  The proposed SOS risk score allows efficient prediction of the likelihood of adverse events in patients with cranial and spinal tumors. […] The SOS score identifies patients in whom postoperative intensive care monitoring is essential and helps stratify the necessity for ICU beds during times with a lack of ICU capacities.

• #64 Spinal Intramedullary Tumors (13.12.2024)

  https://di.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/242068

  The evidence base for the treatment of intramedullary tumors currently consists of large case series, retrospective analyses, and case reports of very rare entities. No randomized and controlled trials have been conducted to date. […] The current recommendations are based on retrospective case-control studies and case series, which only yield class II and III evidence. The indication for primary surgical resection is derived from clinical experience. Resection is useful for reducing tumor mass, limiting neurological dysfunction, and providing tissue for histological establishment of the diagnosis, which is indispensable for the planning of further treatment.

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