Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (Adult) | Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

  https://vicc.org/cancer-info/adult-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavity-cancer-treatment-adult

  Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. […] Patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors with expertise in treating head and neck cancer. […] Three types of standard treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy. […] New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Treatment for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer may cause side effects. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy.

• #1 Nasal and sinus cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/nasal-and-sinus-cancer

  Treatment for nasal and sinus cancers include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sometimes immunotherapies may be used. […] A team of specialists will meet to discuss the best possible treatment for you. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Your doctor or specialist nurse will explain the different treatments, any possible side effects and the support you will have. […] Your treatment will depend on: the position of the cancer, the stage and grade of the cancer, type of cell the cancer started in, your general health. […] Surgery is usually the main treatment for nasal and sinus cancer. If the area is small and has not spread, the surgeon may be able to remove just the tumour and a small margin around it. […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Usually, radiotherapy is given after surgery to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back.

• #1 Nasal and sinus cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasal-and-sinus-cancer/

  The treatment recommended for you will depend on several factors, including the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed, how far it’s spread, and your general level of health. […] Treatment may include: […] surgery to remove a tumour this can be performed through open surgery or as keyhole surgery through the nose (endoscopic microsurgery) […] radiotherapy where high-energy radiation is used to kill the cancerous cells, shrink a tumour before surgery, or destroy small pieces of a tumour that may be left after surgery […] chemotherapy where medicine is used to help shrink or slow down the growth of a tumour, or reduce the risk of the cancer returning after surgery. […] Your treatment will be organised by a head and neck cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT), who’ll discuss the treatment options with you. […] A combination of treatments will often be recommended. […] The Cancer Research UK website has more information about the treatment of nasal and sinus cancer.

• #1 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important that you think carefully about each of your choices. You will want to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Treatment for nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer may include: Surgery for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Radiation Therapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Chemotherapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Targeted Drug Therapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Immunotherapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Supportive Treatment for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers. […] In general, surgery is the first treatment for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. For bigger cancers that cannot be removed with surgery alone, radiation might be added or be the main treatment. Chemotherapy given with radiation might also be used.

• #1 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer: Staging and Treatment | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/head-and-neck/nasal-cavity-nose-and-paranasal-sinus-cancers/nasal-cavity-nose-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer-staging-and-treatment

  Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers have the same staging and treatments because they are close to each other in the body and their cells are so much alike. […] Treatment for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers depends on many things, like your cancer stage, age, overall health, and testing results. […] Your treatment may include some or all of the following: Surgery, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, Supportive/Palliative Treatment, Clinical Trials. […] The type of surgery you have depends on where your tumor is, the stage, and your overall health. […] Surgical procedures to treat nasal cancer are: Wide local excision, Nasal septum removal, Nasal cavity wall removal, Nose removal, Endoscopic surgery. […] Surgical procedures to treat paranasal sinus cancer are: Endoscopic surgery, Maxillectomy, Craniofacial resection.

• #1 Nasal Cavity and Sinus Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/nasal-cavity-and-sinus-cancer

  When possible, we use a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to remove nasal cavity and sinus cancers. […] Our sinus surgeons are experienced in removing tumors from the nasal and sinus area while minimizing post-operative problems, such as sinus infections or mucus drainage. […] Radiation therapy may be used to remove any remaining cancer cells after surgery, or to shrink tumors prior to surgery. […] Chemotherapy, or cancer-fighting drugs, may be recommended either alone or with radiation. […] Immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, can help the body’s own immune system fight the cancer. […] Targeted drug therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, block certain proteins in the body that help cancer cells grow.

• #1 Surgery for Nasal or Paranasal Sinus Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/head-and-neck-cancer/treatment/surgery/surgery-for-nasal-or-paranasal-sinus-cancer/

  Your doctor may advise you to have surgery for nasal or paranasal sinus cancer if the tumour isn’t too close to your brain or major blood vessels. The type of surgery will depend on where the tumour is and, if you have paranasal sinus cancer, which sinuses are affected. You will often need to have reconstructive surgery as well. […] Nasal and sinus cancers are often close to the eye socket, brain, cheekbones and nose. Your surgeon will talk to you about the most suitable approach and whether any other parts of the head or neck may need to be removed to get the best outcome. […] Different types of surgery for nasal and sinus cancer include: maxillectomy – removes part or all of the upper jaw (maxilla); may include the upper teeth, part of the eye socket and/or the nasal cavity; skull base surgery – also known as a craniofacial resection, this surgery removes part of the nasal cavity or sinuses; often done endoscopically through the nose, but a cut along the side of the nose may be needed; sometimes a neurosurgeon assists with this surgery; orbital exenteration – removes the eye and may also remove tissue around the eye socket; rhinectomy – removes part or all of the nose.

• #1 Treatments for nasal cavity cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/nasal-cavity

  Radiation therapy may also be given after surgery to lower the chance of the cancer coming back (recurring). It may be offered before surgery if it is likely that cancer cells will be in the tissue around the tumour that will be removed by surgery (called a positive surgical margin). […] If the tumour is on the septum and is smaller than 1.5 cm, it may be treated with brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy that places a radioactive material (called a radioactive isotope) directly into, or very close to, the tumour. […] Chemoradiation is a treatment that gives chemotherapy along with radiation therapy. The chemotherapy drug most often used is cisplatin. It may be given after surgery if there are cancer cells in the tissue around the removed tumour. […] Surgery is the main treatment for stages 3 and 4 nasal cavity cancer. The type of surgery done depends on where the tumour is in the nasal cavity and whether or not it has grown into nearby bone. Reconstructive surgery is also done to help restore the form and function of the nose.

• #1 Surgery for Nasal or Paranasal Sinus Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/head-and-neck-cancer/treatment/surgery/surgery-for-nasal-or-paranasal-sinus-cancer/

  If your nose, or a part of it, is removed, you may need to have an artificial nose (prosthesis) or the nose may be reconstructed using tissue from other parts of your body. The process for completing the prosthetic or reconstructed nose may take several months. Your surgeon will give you more information about the process and how long this is likely to take. A prosthetic eye may also be an option.

• #1 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer | Cancer Support Community

  https://www.cancersupportcommunity.org/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer

  Endoscopic surgery: uses a narrow instrument called an endoscope, which can often be used to remove tumors from the nose and sinuses without making any cuts to the face. […] Open surgery: For some large tumors and those that cannot be removed with an endoscope, the doctor may need to make a cut in the face to most safely remove your cancer. The doctor will try to keep all surgical cuts in the area of natural shadow lines or skin creases to hide them. […] If you have a tumor that extends to the roof of the mouth, the surgery to remove the tumor may create a hole from the mouth to the nose and/or sinuses. A specialist called a maxillofacial prosthodontist can develop a dental appliance called an obturator, which seals the hole. It acts like an upper denture to replace any missing teeth in the area. […] In cases where the tumor extends through the skull base, or the narrow sheet of bone that separates the nasal cavity from the space containing the brain, your surgeon may work with a neurosurgeon to help most safely remove the tumor.

• #1 Treatment for Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cancer | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/paranasal-sinus-nasal-cavity-cancer/paranasal-sinus-nasal-cavity-cancer-treatments.html

  The use of high-energy radiation to kill or shrink cancer cells, tumors, and non-cancerous diseases. […] Surgery is commonly used to remove cancers of the paranasal sinus or nasal cavity. Depending on where the cancer is and how far it has spread, a doctor may need to cut out bone or tissue around the cancer. […] If cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, the lymph nodes may be removed (lymph node dissection). […] Because the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity help in talking and breathing, and are close to the face, patients may need special help adjusting to the side effects of the cancer and its treatment. […] A doctor will consult with several kinds of doctors who can help determine the best treatment. […] Trained medical staff can also help in recovery from treatment. […] Patients may need plastic surgery if a large amount of tissue or bone around the paranasal sinuses or nasal cavity is taken out.

• #1 Treatment Options | Nasal And Paranasal Sinus Cancer

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasal-sinus-cancer/treatment/options

  A team of health professionals decides what treatment you might need. They also decide what treatment options you have. The most common treatments for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer are: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. A team of doctors and other professionals discuss the best treatment and care for you. They are called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Your treatment depends on: the type of nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, where your cancer is, how far it has grown or spread (the stage), your general health and level of fitness. Surgery is a common treatment for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumours. The type of operation you have will depend on the position of the cancer and its size. Most surgery is performed under general anaesthetic. During surgery, your surgeon will examine the area around the tumour. They remove a margin of normal tissue. This lowers the risk of the cancer coming back. Radiotherapy on its own can treat some types of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers. This is usually when the cancer hasn’t spread. It will cure most people with small tumours of the nose (nasal cavity). An advantage is that you don’t have any tissue removed, so it causes less of a change to your appearance. Your doctor may recommend that you have radiotherapy if you have an operation first. This will get rid of any remaining cancer cells and lowers the risk of the cancer coming back. Sometimes radiotherapy is combined with chemotherapy to make the treatment more effective. You might have chemotherapy for any of the following reasons: before or after surgery or radiotherapy, to treat some cancers that have spread to other parts of the body, if your cancer has come back after surgery and radiotherapy, during a course of radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) for locally advanced cancer. Targeted cancer drugs work by targeting the differences in cancer cells that help them to grow and survive. Other drugs help the immune system to attack the cancer. They are called immunotherapies. Targeted cancer drugs and immunotherapy are not part of the standard treatment for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer. Surgery won’t cure your cancer if it has already spread to another part of your body. It might help to control the cancer for a time and reduce symptoms. Your doctor may also suggest: surgery and radiotherapy together, radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone or with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), newer treatments such as immunotherapy or targeted cancer drugs. Palliative care means: controlling any symptoms you have, such as pain, sickness or breathing problems, giving treatment that can shrink the cancer and control symptoms, supporting you with both physical care and psychological care, ensuring that you have the best possible care in place before going home from hospital.

• #1 Nasal & Sinus Cavity Cancer Treatment | Georgia Radiation Therapy

  https://georgiaradiationtherapy.com/nasal-sinus-cavity-cancer/treatment

  External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. At RCOG, we primarily use intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to treat nasal and sinus cavity cancer. IMRT is an advanced form of external beam radiation treatment that allows precise targeting of tumor cells with high energy beams of radiation. This precision allows the radiation oncologist to deliver a maximum dose of radiation to the tumor while sparing much of the surrounding tissue. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. Chemo may be given before or after nasal cavity or paranasal sinus surgery and may also be used in combination with radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, is treatment with drugs that help a persons own immune system better recognize and kill cancer cells. Currently, there are two FDA-approved immunotherapies for the treatment of nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer.

• #1 Nasal and Sinus Cancer Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/nasal-and-sinus-cancer

  Reconstructive surgery: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons at Rush are specially trained to rebuild facial tissue or bones that must be removed to extract the tumor. […] Radiation therapy: The goal of radiation is to target cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy tissue. […] Stereotactic radiosurgery: This nonsurgical radiation therapy may be used for small, well-defined nasal and sinus tumors. […] Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT): When treating a paranasal tumor with radiation, radiation oncologists at Rush may use an image-guided system to better pinpoint the tumor. […] Proton radiotherapy: This type of radiation therapy uses beams of protons instead of X-rays to destroy cancer cells. […] Drug therapy: Oncologists may recommend various cancer-fighting drugs: […] Chemotherapy: These drugs attack cancer cells to kill them or stop them from duplicating.

• #1 Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinus Cancer Treatment | Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute

  https://baptisthealth.net/services/cancer-care/miami-cancer-institute/our-approach/adult-cancers/head-and-neck-cancers/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/treatment

  Biological, Targeted and Gene Therapies – Your Miami Cancer Institute cancer specialists use drugs, vaccines or other select substances and methods to identify and attack specific types of cancer cells, blocking their growth and spread. […] Immunotherapy – Your Miami Cancer Institute cancer specialist may use certain drugs to assist your immune systems ability to identify and attack specific types of cancer cells, blocking their growth and spread. […] Clinical Trials offer South Florida patients and our communities access to leading-edge, innovative treatments that often result in new therapies not available elsewhere. […] Proton therapy is a highly specialized treatment that directs proton particles toward tumors. The goal of treatment is to destroy cancer cells while largely sparing healthy tissue and decreasing the risk of side effects.

• #1 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer: Staging and Treatment | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/head-and-neck/nasal-cavity-nose-and-paranasal-sinus-cancers/nasal-cavity-nose-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer-staging-and-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers can be used: Alone, After surgery, Before surgery, With chemotherapy at the same time, For palliative treatment, If the cancer has come back, To treat lymph nodes of the neck that have cancer in them. […] Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy can be used before surgery, often with radiation therapy, after surgery, to help with symptoms, or to treat cancer that has come back or spread. […] Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers may be treated with targeted therapies that focus on specific gene mutations or proteins in the tumor. […] Immunotherapy is the use of a person’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. […] Supportive and palliative treatments are used to lessen symptoms or side effects that you may have. […] You may be offered a clinical trial as part of your treatment plan.

• #1 Patient information – Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer – External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – post-operative

  https://www.eviq.org.au/radiation-oncology/head-and-neck/1527-head-and-neck-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavit/patient-information

  This information sheet outlines your treatment. It should be reviewed together with your doctor, nurse or radiation therapist to address any questions or concerns. […] Radiation therapy is the use of high energy x-rays, or other types of radiation, to treat cancer. […] External beam radiation therapy (or EBRT) is the most common type of radiation therapy delivered from outside of your body. A large machine called a linear accelerator (or linac) is used to deliver external beam radiation therapy. […] Radiation therapy is given to destroy any tumour cells remaining after surgery, or to treat the tumour (if only part of the tumour was removed during surgery). […] A course of radiation therapy will take approximately 6 to 7 weeks to complete. […] As part of your treatment, you may have both radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65831/

  Radiation therapy must be carried to high doses for any significant probability of permanent control. The treatment volume must include all of the maxillary antrum and involved hemiparanasal sinus and contiguous areas. […] Patients with recurrent disease should consider chemotherapy clinical trials. Chemotherapy for recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck has been shown to be efficacious as palliation and may improve a patient’s quality of life and length of survival. Various drug combinations, including cisplatin, fluorouracil, and methotrexate, are effective. […] Treatment of tumors of the paranasal sinuses and of the nasal cavity should be planned on an individual basis because of the complexity involved.

• #1 Chemotherapy For Nasal And Paranasal Sinus Cancer

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasal-sinus-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy-treatment

  Chemotherapy uses anti cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. The drugs circulate throughout the body in the bloodstream. […] You might have chemotherapy on its own or with radiotherapy for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer. […] Common chemotherapy drugs for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer are cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU). […] You might have chemotherapy at the same time as radiotherapy for some types of nasal and paranasal sinus cancers. This is also called chemoradiotherapy. […] Your doctor might suggest chemoradiotherapy if you are not fit enough to have surgery. […] Chemoradiotherapy can be a tough treatment to get through. […] Your doctor might suggest chemotherapy before surgery. This will be if your cancer hasn’t spread to other organs, but is too big to be operated on.

• #1 Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/chemotherapy

  Chemotherapy uses anticancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer. Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the drugs, doses and schedules of chemotherapy. You may also receive other treatments. […] Chemotherapy is often combined with radiation therapy to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer. This is called chemoradiation. The 2 treatments are given during the same time period. […] Chemotherapy is given for different reasons. You may have chemotherapy or chemoradiation to: destroy cancer cells in the body, shrink a tumour before other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy (called neoadjuvant chemotherapy), destroy cancer cells left behind after surgery and reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) (called adjuvant chemotherapy), relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer (called palliative chemotherapy), destroy cancer cells in the body if cancer recurs after the first treatment.

• #1 Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/chemotherapy

  Chemotherapy is usually a systemic therapy. This means that the drugs travel through the blood to reach and destroy cancer cells all over the body, including those that may have broken away from the primary tumour in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinus. […] Chemotherapy drugs used to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer are: cisplatin (most common drug used), carboplatin, fluorouracil (Adrucil), docetaxel (Taxotere), paclitaxel. […] Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers usually takes about 6 months to complete. The drugs are usually given once every 3 or 4 weeks. Each 3- or 4-week period of time is called a cycle. You will likely have 3 or 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and then your healthcare team will do some tests to see if the treatment is working. If it is working, you may have up to 6 cycles of treatment as long as the side effects are not too severe.

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65831/

  This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of adult paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. […] Except for patients with T1 mucosal carcinomas, the accepted method of treatment is a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. The incidence of lymph node metastases is generally low (approximately 20% of cases). Thus, routine radical neck dissection or elective neck radiation therapy is recommended only for patients presenting with positive nodes. […] For patients with operable tumors, radical surgery is generally performed first to remove the bulk of the tumor and to establish drainage of the affected sinus(es). This is followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Some institutions continue to give a full dose of radiation therapy preoperatively for all patients with stage II and stage III tumors and operate 4 to 6 weeks later.

• #1 Treatments for nasal cavity cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/nasal-cavity

  Radiation therapy may be offered after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may have been left behind. You may also have radiation therapy before surgery if it is likely that cancer cells will be in the tissue that will be removed by surgery. […] In some cases, radiation therapy may be offered instead of surgery as the main treatment if the tumour is too hard to remove with surgery. […] Radiation therapy may be given to treat cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck. […] Radiation therapy can also be given to relieve pain or control symptoms (called palliative radiation therapy). […] Chemoradiation may be given after surgery if there are cancer cells in the tissue around the removed tumour or if cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck. The chemotherapy drug most often used is cisplatin.

• #1 Press Release: Chemotherapy before surgery helps patients with nose and sinus cancer avoid debilitating eye and bone removal – ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group

  https://ecog-acrin.org/chemotherapy-before-surgery-helps-patients-with-nose-and-sinus-cancer-avoid-debilitating-eye-and-bone-removal/

  Striking results are seen from the only prospective multi-center randomized trial to examine chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors and reduce the amount of normal tissue that surgeons need to remove […] Results from a clinical trial by the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (ECOG-ACRIN) show a striking improvement for patients who received chemotherapy before surgery to remove advanced squamous cell-type cancer of the nose or sinus. […] However, in the randomized prospective trial EA3163, patients receiving chemotherapy before surgery had a 50% chance of structure preservation. In contrast, patients having surgery, the usual treatment, had only a 15% chance of preserving both the eye and the base of the skull bone. […] These results support chemotherapy before surgery as an effective intervention to improve the preservation of vital organs, bone, and tissue in patients with nasal and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma, said lead investigator Nabil F. Saba.

• #1 Press Release: Chemotherapy before surgery helps patients with nose and sinus cancer avoid debilitating eye and bone removal – ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group

  https://ecog-acrin.org/chemotherapy-before-surgery-helps-patients-with-nose-and-sinus-cancer-avoid-debilitating-eye-and-bone-removal/

  Providing chemotherapy before surgery has shown questionable promise for improving organ preservation in small single-institution trials. […] Despite being unable to complete the planned accrual and reach a definitive answer, the study results are striking and support the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as an intervention that could improve the chance of organ preservation for these patients. […] We believe future trials will need to test whether modifying the choice of chemotherapy or adding immunotherapy could improve the chance of organ preservation, said senior investigator Barbara A. Burtness, MD. […] Patients in the experimental arm received three cycles of chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy (66 Gy). The chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin at 75 mg/m2.

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66003/

  Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Treatment for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. […] Follow-up tests may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage II paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage III paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage IV paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of recurrent paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.

• #1 Nose and Sinus Cancers | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/nose-and-sinus-cancers

  Used to destroy cancer cells, shrink tumors, and reduce the risk of recurrence, radiation therapy may be recommended before or after surgery. A radiation oncologist will create a treatment plan that targets your cancer while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. […] Chemotherapy can be offered alone or before surgery to shrink the tumor or to determine how the tumor responds to chemotherapy, since not all tumors are affected by it. Chemotherapy may be best suited for tumors that are very close to the eye or invading the brain, making surgery very risky. It is also best for certain types of cancer and based on previous treatments. […] Immunotherapy uses your bodys own immune system to fight cancer cells. This treatment is typically reserved for cancers that are too difficult to remove surgically or that have already spread (metastasized) to other areas of the body.

• #1 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/treating.html

  Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] If the cancer is too advanced to be cured, the goal may be to remove or destroy as much of the cancer as reasonable to help keep the tumor from growing or spreading for as long as possible. Some of the treatments above can also be used as palliative treatment if all the cancer cannot be removed. Palliative treatment is used to relieve symptoms such as pain, but it’s not expected to cure the cancer. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] Complementary methods are treatments that are used along with your regular medical care. Alternative treatments are used instead of standard medical treatment.

• #1 Sinus cancer and nasal cavity cancer | Conditions, Treatments & Specialty | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/conditions-treatments-specialty/sinus-cancer-and-nasal-cavity-cancer

  At Geisinger, our surgeons use the latest techniques to treat sinus and nasal cavity cancer, including minimally invasive surgery, to offer you the best outcomes and path for healing. […] Chemotherapy is a drug-based treatment designed to slow the growth of or shrink tumors located in the sinus/nasal region. […] Radiation oncology uses radiation to control or destroy harmful cancer cells, with tools to treat each unique cancer. […] This treatment involves the use of medicines that help a person’s own immune system find and destroy cancer cells. It can be used to treat some people with nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer. […] Our extensive history with cancer research and clinical trials gives you access to new treatments, often before they become widely available. Participating in a trial may help improve your condition, even if standard approaches haven’t worked in the past.

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] – Women’s Health – Associates for Women’s Medicine – Syracuse NY Gynecologist, Gynecology, Obstetrics, OBGYN, OB Physicians, Syracuse New York, Fayetteville, N

  https://www.afwomensmed.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=ncicdr0000258028

  There are different types of treatment for patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. […] Patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors with expertise in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation) is a common treatment for all stages of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing.

• #1

  https://rhopa.navigatingcare.com/library/paranasalsinus/learn/treatment-of-stage-iv-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavity-cancer

  Treatment of stage IV paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] If cancer is in the maxillary sinus, treatment may include: High-dose radiation therapy with or without surgery. A clinical trial of fractionated radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy before surgery or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy after surgery or other cancer treatment. A clinical trial of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] If cancer is in the ethmoid sinus, treatment may include: Radiation therapy before or after surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy before surgery or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy after surgery or other cancer treatment. A clinical trial of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

• #1

  https://rhopa.navigatingcare.com/library/paranasalsinus/learn/treatment-of-stage-iv-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavity-cancer

  If cancer is in the sphenoid sinus, treatment is the same as for nasopharyngeal cancer, usually radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. […] If cancer is in the nasal cavity, treatment may include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A clinical trial of combination chemotherapy before surgery or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of combination chemotherapy after surgery or other cancer treatment. […] For inverting papillomas, treatment is usually surgery with or without radiation therapy. […] For melanomas and sarcomas, treatment may include: Surgery. Radiation therapy. Chemotherapy. […] For midline granulomas, treatment is usually radiation therapy. […] If cancer is in the nasal vestibule, treatment may include: External radiation therapy and/or internal radiation therapy with or without surgery. A clinical trial of chemotherapy before surgery or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy after surgery or other cancer treatment. A clinical trial of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

• #1

  https://rmcc.navigatingcare.com/library/paranasalsinus/learn/treatment-of-recurrent-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavity-cancer

  Treatment of recurrent paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] If cancer is in the maxillary sinus, treatment may include: Surgery followed by radiation therapy. Radiation therapy followed by surgery. Chemotherapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life. A clinical trial of chemotherapy. […] If cancer is in the ethmoid sinus, treatment may include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life. A clinical trial of chemotherapy. […] If cancer is in the sphenoid sinus, treatment is the same as for nasopharyngeal cancer and may include radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. […] If cancer is in the nasal cavity, treatment may include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life. A clinical trial of chemotherapy.

• #1 Treatments for nasal cavity cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/nasal-cavity

  Chemoradiation may also be offered as the main treatment instead of surgery if the cancer can’t be removed by surgery, if the eye would need to be removed or if surgery would cause significant changes in your appearance. […] Radiation therapy may be offered for recurrent nasal cavity cancer if you had surgery to treat the original tumour. It may be given as the main treatment or after more surgery. […] Radiation therapy is often given if the cancer recurs in the lymph nodes in the neck. Radiation therapy is sometimes given with chemotherapy. The chemotherapy drug most often used is cisplatin. […] Surgery may be offered for nasal cavity cancer that recurs after radiation therapy was used as the main treatment for the original tumour. It may also be offered if cancer comes back after surgery to remove the original tumour. […] Chemotherapy may be offered if you can’t have surgery or radiation therapy or if these treatments don’t stop the growth of the cancer. Chemotherapy is sometimes given with radiation therapy. It may also be used to relieve pain or control symptoms (called palliative chemotherapy).

• #1 Treatment for Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cancer | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/paranasal-sinus-nasal-cavity-cancer/paranasal-sinus-nasal-cavity-cancer-treatments.html

  The specialists at the Stanford Head and Neck Cancer Program have broad experience treating paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, and provide their patients with compassionate, multidisciplinary care, including: […] Advanced surgical techniques that improve survival rates through the Cranial Base Center […] Radiosurgery with the Stanford-developed CyberKnife, which allows doctors to radiate tumors in the paranasal sinuses while reducing harm to closely situated organs like the eyes and brain […] Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), another advanced radiotherapy option. […] There are treatments for all patients with cancer of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity. Standard treatment includes: […] The use of anticancer drugs to shrink or kill cancerous cells and reduce cancer spreading to other parts of the body.

• #1 Nasal and Sinus Cancer Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/nasal-and-sinus-cancer

  Targeted therapies: Designed to attack genetic mutations in tumors and leave noncancerous cells alone, targeted therapies tend to cause fewer side effects than chemotherapy drugs. […] Immunotherapies: These promising drugs, which help the body’s immune system attack cancer cells, may help some people with nasal and sinus cancers. […] Alternative and complementary therapies: Our supportive oncology program offers counseling, massage, acupuncture and other therapies to cancer patients and their families. […] Rehabilitation: Sometimes a paranasal tumor, or the approaches used to treat the tumor, can make it hard to swallow or eat.

• #1 Patient information – Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer – External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – post-operative

  https://www.eviq.org.au/radiation-oncology/head-and-neck/1527-head-and-neck-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavit/patient-information

  You may have difficulty swallowing or you are losing weight. […] Your doctor may refer you to a speech pathologist who can help you with swallowing and speech problems before, during and after your radiation treatment. […] You may need to have dental problems fixed before you start your radiation treatment. […] Once your treatment has finished, your doctor will let you know what follow-up tests and appointments are needed. […] It may not be possible to know if your treatment has been successful immediately after treatment. […] Your doctor will see you after treatment is complete to discuss your progress and next steps. […] You may find that food loses its taste or tastes different during treatment. […] There is a very small risk that you may develop a second cancer as a result of having radiation therapy.

• #1 Patient information – Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer – External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – post-operative

  https://www.eviq.org.au/radiation-oncology/head-and-neck/1527-head-and-neck-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavit/patient-information

  You may get changes to your vision and eyes including: cloudy, distorted or blurred vision, sensitivity to light, a halo around bright lights, trouble seeing in the dark, eye pain or redness, dry, watery or gritty eyes. […] Contact your doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you notice any changes to your eyes or vision. […] Your dry mouth and throat may continue for some time after treatment has finished. […] Tell your doctor or nurse if you get any of these symptoms, they can help you to manage them. […] You may get weakness, numbness, tingling, pain or abnormal sensations in your fingers, hands, arms, toes, feet or legs. […] Tell your doctor or nurse if you have ongoing tiredness and lack of energy. […] You may need to take some medication to correct any imbalance. […] You may have swallowing difficulties after radiation therapy has finished.

• #1 Patient information – Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer – External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – post-operative

  https://www.eviq.org.au/radiation-oncology/head-and-neck/1527-head-and-neck-paranasal-sinus-and-nasal-cavit/patient-information

  In most patients this is temporary, but for some this may be permanent. […] You may feel overwhelmed, worried, anxious or depressed before, during and after treatment. […] Let your treatment team know if you would like support with everyday activities or relationships, or would like someone to discuss your concerns with. […] You can call Cancer Council on 13 11 20 for free and confidential information and support.

• #1 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/treating.html

  People with cancer need support and information, no matter what stage of illness they may be in. […] Whether or not you continue treatment, there are still things you can do to help maintain or improve your quality of life. […] People who have advanced cancer and who are expected to live less than 6 months may want to consider hospice care. Hospice care is designed to provide the best possible quality of life for people who are near the end of life.

• #1 Sinus Cancer Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/head-neck-institute/cancer/sinus/treatment

  Among the reconstructive procedures we perform are: […] Nasal reconstruction […] […] You will be asked to come in every six weeks to three months for the first two to three years after treatment. After that, you will need to come in every six months for three years. After five years of follow-up, you will only need to come in once a year. […] During your follow-up visits, your doctor will perform an examination and may order CT, MRI and/or PET scans at frequent intervals. You will probably have an annual chest X-ray to check for the spread of cancer into your lungs. As with many cancers, after two years your risk of recurrence drops significantly.

• #1 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/paranasal-sinus-treatment-pdq

  Except for patients with T1 mucosal carcinomas, the accepted method of treatment is a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. The incidence of lymph node metastases is generally low (approximately 20% of cases). Thus, routine radical neck dissection or elective neck radiation therapy is recommended only for patients presenting with positive nodes. […] For patients with operable tumors, radical surgery is generally performed first to remove the bulk of the tumor and to establish drainage of the affected sinus(es). This is followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Some institutions continue to give a full dose of radiation therapy preoperatively for all patients with stage II and stage III tumors and operate 4 to 6 weeks later. […] Radiation therapy must be carried to high doses for any significant probability of permanent control. The treatment volume must include all of the maxillary antrum and involved hemiparanasal sinus and contiguous areas.

• #1 Malignant Tumors of the Nasal Cavity Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Follow-up

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/846995-treatment

  The role of endoscopic sinus surgery for the resection of malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses will continue to evolve and the results closely scrutinized. […] The use of IMRT will continue to gain acceptance and probably will be the standard mode of radiation treatment given for all head and neck patients in the future.

• #1 Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Cancer: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Organ Preservation – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/september-2024/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-and-organ-preservation/

  Researchers have found that chemotherapy prior to surgery may reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed in patients with advanced nasal and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma, according to recent findings presented by Saba et al at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024 (Abstract 850MO). […] Small single-institution trials investigating receipt of chemotherapy prior to surgery have yielded questionable results on the improvement of organ preservation. […] The researchers discovered that the patients who received chemotherapy prior to surgery had a 50% chance of structure preservation. In contrast, those who had surgery had a 15% chance of preserving both the eye and the base of the skull bone. […] These results support chemotherapy before surgery as an effective intervention to improve the preservation of vital organs, bone, and tissue in patients with nasal and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma, highlighted Dr. Saba. […] We believe future trials will need to test whether modifying the choice of chemotherapy or adding immunotherapy could improve the chance of organ preservation, concluded senior study author Barbara A. Burtness, MD.

• #1 Nasal and Sinus Cancer Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/head-and-neck-cancers/nasal-and-sinus-cancer/treatments

  Northwestern Medicine offers advanced endoscopic and skull base surgical techniques to remove the tumors of the nose and sinuses in a minimally invasive fashion whenever possible. […] For targeted treatment of the tumors located close to important structures, such as the eye and the brain, Northwestern Medicine offers advanced radiation therapy techniques, including: Stereotactic radiosurgery, Gamma Knife radiosurgery, Proton therapy. […] Our radiation oncologists are specialists in the treatment of tumors located in the sinuses, nasal cavity and the skull base. […] Most importantly, access to highly specialized centers focusing on cancer care such as the Northwestern Medicine Head and Neck Program, has been repeatedly shown to improve survival outcomes for patients with cancer. […] Recognize experts in skull-base surgery, endoscopic surgery, advanced radiation therapy, and medical oncology working together as a team can offer the best prospect of cure. […] Treatments include: Chemotherapy, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Minimally Invasive Surgery.

• #2 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66003/

  Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is a type of head and neck cancer. […] Different types of treatment are available for patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. […] Patients with paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors with expertise in treating head and neck cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy. […] After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, some patients may be given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing.

• #2 Treatment Options | Nasal And Paranasal Sinus Cancer

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasal-sinus-cancer/treatment/options

  A team of health professionals decides what treatment you might need. They also decide what treatment options you have. The most common treatments for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer are: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. A team of doctors and other professionals discuss the best treatment and care for you. They are called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Your treatment depends on: the type of nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, where your cancer is, how far it has grown or spread (the stage), your general health and level of fitness. Surgery is a common treatment for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumours. The type of operation you have will depend on the position of the cancer and its size. Most surgery is performed under general anaesthetic. During surgery, your surgeon will examine the area around the tumour. They remove a margin of normal tissue. This lowers the risk of the cancer coming back. Radiotherapy on its own can treat some types of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers. This is usually when the cancer hasn’t spread. It will cure most people with small tumours of the nose (nasal cavity). An advantage is that you don’t have any tissue removed, so it causes less of a change to your appearance. Your doctor may recommend that you have radiotherapy if you have an operation first. This will get rid of any remaining cancer cells and lowers the risk of the cancer coming back. Sometimes radiotherapy is combined with chemotherapy to make the treatment more effective. You might have chemotherapy for any of the following reasons: before or after surgery or radiotherapy, to treat some cancers that have spread to other parts of the body, if your cancer has come back after surgery and radiotherapy, during a course of radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) for locally advanced cancer. Targeted cancer drugs work by targeting the differences in cancer cells that help them to grow and survive. Other drugs help the immune system to attack the cancer. They are called immunotherapies. Targeted cancer drugs and immunotherapy are not part of the standard treatment for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer. Surgery won’t cure your cancer if it has already spread to another part of your body. It might help to control the cancer for a time and reduce symptoms. Your doctor may also suggest: surgery and radiotherapy together, radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone or with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), newer treatments such as immunotherapy or targeted cancer drugs. Palliative care means: controlling any symptoms you have, such as pain, sickness or breathing problems, giving treatment that can shrink the cancer and control symptoms, supporting you with both physical care and psychological care, ensuring that you have the best possible care in place before going home from hospital.

• #2 Nasal Cavity (Nose) and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important that you think carefully about each of your choices. You will want to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Treatment for nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer may include: Surgery for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Radiation Therapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Chemotherapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Targeted Drug Therapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Immunotherapy for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers, Supportive Treatment for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers. […] In general, surgery is the first treatment for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. For bigger cancers that cannot be removed with surgery alone, radiation might be added or be the main treatment. Chemotherapy given with radiation might also be used.

• #2 Nasal and paranasal tumors – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nasal-paranasal-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354137

  Most nasal and paranasal tumors are treated with surgery to remove the tumor. Treatment for nasal and paranasal tumors depends on where your tumor is located and what types of cells are involved. Your healthcare team will work with you to come up with a treatment plan that is best for your tumor. […] The goal of surgery for nasal and paranasal tumors is to remove all of the tumor. The surgeon might also remove some of the tissue around the tumor to make sure all the tumor cells are removed. […] Cancerous nasal and paranasal tumors might need other treatments to control the cancer cells. Options might include: […] Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, a machine directs beams of energy to specific points on the body to kill the cancer cells there.

• #2 Treatments for nasal cavity cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/nasal-cavity

  The following are treatment options for the stages of nasal cavity cancer. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. […] Surgery is a main treatment for stages 1 and 2 nasal cavity cancer. Surgery is usually done if the tumour is on the wall that divides the nasal cavity (called the nasal septum). The type of surgery done depends on where the tumour is in the nasal cavity. The surgery usually done is endoscopic surgery. Endoscopic surgery uses a rigid tube with a light and lens on the end (called an endoscope) to remove tumours. […] Radiation therapy is another main treatment for stages 1 and 2 nasal cavity cancer. You may be offered radiation therapy if you can’t have surgery because of other health concerns or if you choose not to have surgery.

• #2 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65831/

  This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of adult paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. […] Except for patients with T1 mucosal carcinomas, the accepted method of treatment is a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. The incidence of lymph node metastases is generally low (approximately 20% of cases). Thus, routine radical neck dissection or elective neck radiation therapy is recommended only for patients presenting with positive nodes. […] For patients with operable tumors, radical surgery is generally performed first to remove the bulk of the tumor and to establish drainage of the affected sinus(es). This is followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Some institutions continue to give a full dose of radiation therapy preoperatively for all patients with stage II and stage III tumors and operate 4 to 6 weeks later.

• #2 Cancer of the nose: Facts about nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-is-nose-cancer.h00-159619434.html

  Some patients can undergo minimally invasive surgery to speed up recovery time and reduce side effects. […] We have pioneered minimally invasive surgery for these types of cancer, he says. […] The two structures closest to the sinuses that can be damaged during radiation are the eye and the brain. […] MD Anderson treats sinus cancers with proton therapy, which allows for more efficient targeting of the tumor. […] The goal is to eradicate the cancer and protect the eye and brain, says Hanna. […] We just finished a clinical trial that looked at the treatment approach of starting with chemotherapy to shrink the tumor with two goals: organ preservation (eyes and brain) and optimizing subsequent treatment.

• #2 Sinus Cancer Treatment Options and Side Effects

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/sinus-cancer/treatments

  For ethmoid sinus cancers that have metastasized or spread widely within the body, chemotherapy may be the main treatment option. […] Radiation therapy is often used in conjunction with surgery. […] Patients may undergo radiation treatment before or after the surgical procedure. […] For early-stage (1 and 2) maxillary sinus cancers, radiation therapy may be used after surgery if the surgery couldnt extract all of the tumor. […] For advanced-stage (3 and 4) maxillary sinus cancers, surgery followed by radiation therapy is generally the primary treatment option. […] For early-stage nasal cavity cancer (0, 1 and 2), the treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, or surgery followed by radiation therapy. […] Surgery is a central part of treatment for most sinus cancers. Combined with other treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, surgery to remove the tumor often results in the most favorable outcomes for patients with sinus cancer.

• #2 Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/chemotherapy

  Chemotherapy uses anticancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer. Your healthcare team will consider your personal needs to plan the drugs, doses and schedules of chemotherapy. You may also receive other treatments. […] Chemotherapy is often combined with radiation therapy to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer. This is called chemoradiation. The 2 treatments are given during the same time period. […] Chemotherapy is given for different reasons. You may have chemotherapy or chemoradiation to: destroy cancer cells in the body, shrink a tumour before other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy (called neoadjuvant chemotherapy), destroy cancer cells left behind after surgery and reduce the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) (called adjuvant chemotherapy), relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer (called palliative chemotherapy), destroy cancer cells in the body if cancer recurs after the first treatment.

• #2 Chemotherapy For Nasal And Paranasal Sinus Cancer

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasal-sinus-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy-treatment

  Chemotherapy uses anti cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. The drugs circulate throughout the body in the bloodstream. […] You might have chemotherapy on its own or with radiotherapy for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer. […] Common chemotherapy drugs for nasal and paranasal sinus cancer are cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU). […] You might have chemotherapy at the same time as radiotherapy for some types of nasal and paranasal sinus cancers. This is also called chemoradiotherapy. […] Your doctor might suggest chemoradiotherapy if you are not fit enough to have surgery. […] Chemoradiotherapy can be a tough treatment to get through. […] Your doctor might suggest chemotherapy before surgery. This will be if your cancer hasn’t spread to other organs, but is too big to be operated on.

• #2 Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/chemotherapy

  Chemotherapy is usually a systemic therapy. This means that the drugs travel through the blood to reach and destroy cancer cells all over the body, including those that may have broken away from the primary tumour in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinus. […] Chemotherapy drugs used to treat nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer are: cisplatin (most common drug used), carboplatin, fluorouracil (Adrucil), docetaxel (Taxotere), paclitaxel. […] Chemotherapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers usually takes about 6 months to complete. The drugs are usually given once every 3 or 4 weeks. Each 3- or 4-week period of time is called a cycle. You will likely have 3 or 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and then your healthcare team will do some tests to see if the treatment is working. If it is working, you may have up to 6 cycles of treatment as long as the side effects are not too severe.

• #2 Press Release: Chemotherapy before surgery helps patients with nose and sinus cancer avoid debilitating eye and bone removal – ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group

  https://ecog-acrin.org/chemotherapy-before-surgery-helps-patients-with-nose-and-sinus-cancer-avoid-debilitating-eye-and-bone-removal/

  Providing chemotherapy before surgery has shown questionable promise for improving organ preservation in small single-institution trials. […] Despite being unable to complete the planned accrual and reach a definitive answer, the study results are striking and support the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as an intervention that could improve the chance of organ preservation for these patients. […] We believe future trials will need to test whether modifying the choice of chemotherapy or adding immunotherapy could improve the chance of organ preservation, said senior investigator Barbara A. Burtness, MD. […] Patients in the experimental arm received three cycles of chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy (66 Gy). The chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin at 75 mg/m2.

• #2 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/paranasal-sinus-treatment-pdq

  Except for patients with T1 mucosal carcinomas, the accepted method of treatment is a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. The incidence of lymph node metastases is generally low (approximately 20% of cases). Thus, routine radical neck dissection or elective neck radiation therapy is recommended only for patients presenting with positive nodes. […] For patients with operable tumors, radical surgery is generally performed first to remove the bulk of the tumor and to establish drainage of the affected sinus(es). This is followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Some institutions continue to give a full dose of radiation therapy preoperatively for all patients with stage II and stage III tumors and operate 4 to 6 weeks later. […] Radiation therapy must be carried to high doses for any significant probability of permanent control. The treatment volume must include all of the maxillary antrum and involved hemiparanasal sinus and contiguous areas.

• #2 Treatments for nasal cavity cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasal-and-paranasal-sinus/treatment/nasal-cavity

  Chemoradiation may also be offered as the main treatment instead of surgery if the cancer can’t be removed by surgery, if the eye would need to be removed or if surgery would cause significant changes in your appearance. […] Radiation therapy may be offered for recurrent nasal cavity cancer if you had surgery to treat the original tumour. It may be given as the main treatment or after more surgery. […] Radiation therapy is often given if the cancer recurs in the lymph nodes in the neck. Radiation therapy is sometimes given with chemotherapy. The chemotherapy drug most often used is cisplatin. […] Surgery may be offered for nasal cavity cancer that recurs after radiation therapy was used as the main treatment for the original tumour. It may also be offered if cancer comes back after surgery to remove the original tumour. […] Chemotherapy may be offered if you can’t have surgery or radiation therapy or if these treatments don’t stop the growth of the cancer. Chemotherapy is sometimes given with radiation therapy. It may also be used to relieve pain or control symptoms (called palliative chemotherapy).

• #2 Nasal and Sinus Cancer Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/nasal-and-sinus-cancer

  Targeted therapies: Designed to attack genetic mutations in tumors and leave noncancerous cells alone, targeted therapies tend to cause fewer side effects than chemotherapy drugs. […] Immunotherapies: These promising drugs, which help the body’s immune system attack cancer cells, may help some people with nasal and sinus cancers. […] Alternative and complementary therapies: Our supportive oncology program offers counseling, massage, acupuncture and other therapies to cancer patients and their families. […] Rehabilitation: Sometimes a paranasal tumor, or the approaches used to treat the tumor, can make it hard to swallow or eat.

• #2 Sinus Cancer Treatment Options and Side Effects

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/sinus-cancer/treatments

  In most cases, nasal cavity cancers and ethmoid sinus cancers are treated with surgery at all stages of sinus cancer unless the cancer has metastasized and become too widespread in the body to benefit from surgery. […] Surgery is generally not the primary treatment method for sphenoid sinus cancer. […] When sinus cancer recurs at the same point of origin, doctors may begin treatment with a different method than was used the first time. […] Systemic treatments such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy, which treat cancer throughout the body, may also be an option, either alone or alongside radiation or surgery. […] Clinical trials may enable patients to receive new therapies that are currently being investigated.

• #2 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66003/

  Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. […] Treatment for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. […] Follow-up tests may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage II paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage III paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of stage IV paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. […] Treatment of recurrent paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.

• #2 What you should know about sinus cancer and nose cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-you-should-know-about-sinus-cancer-and-nose-cancer.h00-158991390.html

  Cancers of the nose and sinuses account for less than 1% of all tumors, but the nose and sinus give rise to a greater variety of tumors than any other site in the body. […] Treatment usually involves surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, successful treatment requires tailoring the approach for the patient and specific disease. […] Minimally invasive surgery is performed through the nose with cameras that magnify and avoid the need, in most cases, of making facial cuts. […] We are expanding the use of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of these tumors. […] In general, most people tolerate treatment well. However, since the brain, eyes, nose and throat are nearby and can be involved by tumor or affected by treatment, patients may experience dry eye, loss of sense of smell, trouble swallowing and much more severe symptoms. […] Given how rare these tumors are, it’s really important to find an experienced team to treat this condition.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-024-01566-x

  The purpose of this review is to analyze the diagnosis and treatments of the sinonasal malignant tumors throw systematic reviewed literature. […] The diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal cancers require a interdisciplinary approach and multimodality treatment. […] All 772 cases of total 3824 were treated only surgically. All 62 cases of total 3824 were treated without surgery, 20 cases with proton technique and SFUD, and 42 cases with proton technique and IMRT. The other 2990 cases of total 3824 were treated with multimodality treatment. […] This group of sinonasal carcinoma which content neuroendocrine histological features require multimodality treatment.

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