Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  People with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of developing further serious health conditions, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. A persons life expectancy may depend on whether and how they develop those conditions. […] If an individual with the condition does not have serious complications, treatment is effective in managing symptoms and producing positive outcomes. In contrast, people who develop a rare complication known as thyroid storm have a death rate of about 16%. […] Data on the exact life expectancy of someone with hyperthyroidism are not available. That said, a 2017 study suggests that it is 3.1 to 3.5 years shorter than those without the condition. […] Evidence indicates that people with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of noncommunicable conditions. As these illnesses are serious, they can affect life expectancy.

• #2 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #3 Hyperthyroidism

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10873132/

  Overt hyperthyroidism is associated with increased mortality. […] Compared to euthyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism is associated with a 35-400% increase in all-cause mortality, varying according to the acuity and severity of hyperthyroidism, and a 20% increase in cardiovascular mortality. […] Mortality is associated with the cumulative duration of time spent hyperthyroid, regardless of the treatment modality employed. […] A network meta-analysis that included three retrospective Graves disease cohorts concluded that while all three major treatment modalities were associated with lower risks for congestive heart failure and arrhythmia, surgery was associated with greater benefit than ATD or RAI. […] Similarly, a registry study of 10,992 people that compared mortality after treatment for hyperthyroidism concluded that all-cause mortality was lower following surgery than after RAI treatment. […] A registry-based study reported that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk may be higher among patients treated for toxic multinodular goiter compared to those treated for Graves disease.

• #4 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib), Congestive heart failure, Infertility, Ischemic stroke, Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #5 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #6 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Hyperthyroidism from toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma is permanent and usually occurs in adults. After normalization of thyroid function with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine ablation usually is recommended as the definitive therapy. Long-term, high-dose antithyroid medication is not recommended. Toxic multinodular goiters and toxic adenomas probably will continue to grow slowly in size during antithyroid pharmacotherapy. […] Generally, the thyrotoxic areas are ablated, and patients may remain euthyroid. Those who become hypothyroid after radioactive iodine therapy are easily maintained on thyroid hormone replacement therapy, with T4 taken once daily. […] Patients with Graves disease may become hypothyroid in the natural course of their disease, regardless of whether treatment involves radioactive iodine or surgery. Eye disease may develop at a time distant from the initial diagnosis and therapy. Generally, after the diagnosis, the ophthalmopathy slowly improves over years.

• #7 Efficacy of I-131 Treatment Dosage for Hyperthyroidism With Current Institution Formula | Salam | Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

  https://jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/874/284284630

  The results of this study testified to the therapeutic efficacy of the current institutions formula for I-131 treatment dosages in treating hyperthyroidism. […] The results also indicated the clinically significant impact of RAI therapy on post-ablation TSH, T3, and FT4 levels. […] The findings revealed an 83% success rate of RAI treatment defined by the achievement of euthyroid state and hypothyroidism. […] The absence of hyperthyroidism after I-131 treatment was further affirmed by questionable euthyroid state, subclinical hypothyroidism, questionable hypothyroidism, and suspected hypothyroidism. […] The treatment failure rate of 17% was, however, indicated by the reconfirmation of hyperthyroidism in 15 patients. […] In addition, a low number (i.e., 9%) of patients with hyperthyroidism required repeat I-131 treatment dosages to achieve a hypothyroid or euthyroid state.

• #8 Efficacy of I-131 Treatment Dosage for Hyperthyroidism With Current Institution Formula | Salam | Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

  https://jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/874/284284630

  The results, therefore, strongly advocated the therapeutic efficacy of the empirically derived I-131 institution formula in patients with hyperthyroidism and related complications. […] The findings of this study indicated an 83% RAI treatment success rate and the requirement of a second treatment session in 9% of patients with hyperthyroidism. […] The majority (i.e., 70.8%) of successfully treated patients were diagnosed with hypothyroidism followed by 6.7% who achieved a euthyroid status.

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