Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Microscopic Colitis: Treatment, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17227-microscopic-colitis

  Microscopic colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic condition of inflammation in your colon. It causes frequent, watery diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. […] If you have microscopic colitis, the cells in your intestinal lining are irritated. The result is most commonly frequent, watery diarrhea. As with all chronic conditions, microscopic colitis may come and go. It may flare up in reaction to certain triggers, then subside on its own, and then return. While it’s a lifelong condition, it’s usually manageable with medical treatments. […] The trademark symptom of microscopic colitis is chronic, watery diarrhea. In the typical profile, diarrhea occurs frequently about five to 10 times a day, though some people may have it more or less. […] Common secondary symptoms include abdominal pain and cramping, abdominal distension and bloating, urgency to poop and trouble holding poop in, noisy digestive system, gluten sensitivity, and fatigue.

• #1 Microscopic colitis – IBD Clinic

  https://ibdclinic.ca/what-is-ibd/microscopic-colitis/

  Microscopic Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the large bowel (colon and rectum) and was first recognized by doctors 40 years ago. Microscopic Colitis has different symptoms from those of the better known inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohns Disease (CD). […] The main symptom of Microscopic Colitis is chronic (ongoing) watery diarrhea, which may begin very suddenly. Some people may have explosive diarrhea. If the diarrhea is severe, dehydration may occur. In contrast to UC and Crohns Disease, bleeding from the bowel is unlikely, because the lining of the bowel is not ulcerated. Other symptoms include: abdominal pain (cramping or dull), weight loss, fatigue (which may be caused by night-time diarrhea), fecal incontinence, joint and muscle pain, bloating and wind.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & More

  https://www.health.com/microscopic-colitis-8631112

  Microscopic colitis symptoms typically develop gradually, though up to 40% of people with the condition experience a sudden onset of symptoms. Symptoms tend to progress and worsen over time. You may have periods of remission when you have few to no symptoms, followed by flare-ups when symptoms return or worsen. […] Chronic watery, non-bloody diarrhea is the most common symptom of microscopic colitis. People with microscopic colitis can experience between three to eight diarrhea episodes daily, though some people may have up to 15 daily bowel movements during flare-ups. […] Besides diarrhea, microscopic colitis symptoms can include: Abdominal pain, Urgency to have a bowel movement, Fecal incontinence (inability to control bowel movements), Fatigue, Weight loss. […] Although less common, some people with microscopic colitis may also experience: Eye pain, redness, blurry vision, or sensitivity to light, Joint pain, Muscle aches, Constipation, Headaches or migraine, Mouth sores, Swollen lymph nodes, Nausea and vomiting. […] Microscopic colitis does not appear to impact life expectancy. Unlike other types of IBD, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis is not associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.

• #1 BATTLING MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: PROGNOSIS, TYPES, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/battling-microscopic-colitis-prognosis-types-prevention-and-treatment

  Microscopic colitis is classified as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known to affect the colon or large intestine. Chronic watery diarrhea and colonic inflammation are the hallmark features of the condition. […] The main symptom is chronic watery diarrhea, occurring 4-10 times a day on average for more than four weeks. Onset is usually gradual, yet it may be sudden in 40% of cases. […] Other symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and urgency to have a bowel movement. Some individuals may also experience more diarrhea episodes daily, weight loss, fatigue, and dehydration due to the frequent bowel movements. […] Microscopic colitis can be a serious condition, especially if left untreated. In rare cases, severe microscopic colitis can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or even malnutrition if not appropriately managed.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide

  https://www.microscopiccolitisfoundation.org/disease-description.html

  Microscopic colitis (MC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) the general name for diseases that cause irritation and inflammation in the intestines. As is the case with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the symptoms of MC can wax and wane, but once the disease is diagnosed, it is for life. Similar to the other IBDs, MC has no known cure. […] While diarrhea is the most common symptom, many patients present with alternating diarrhea and constipation, and some patients only have constipation. Some patients even have normal bowel movements, but they suffer from dyspepsia or even neurological issues. The majority of patients suffer from a wide range of symptoms that can include (but are not limited to) abdominal cramps and other forms of abdominal pain, muscle pain, joint pain, muscle cramps in the leg or foot, migraines, and headaches. Arthritis-like stiffness and pain in joints, the neck, and the lower back, are very common. Some patients describe the symptoms as being similar to a bad case of the flu that never ends. Some patients also experience nausea, thrush, or recurring mouth sores, fever blisters, swollen lymph nodes, and various skin issues such as eczema, rash, boils, and hives.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis: Treatment, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17227-microscopic-colitis

  Severe symptoms can include dehydration, nausea and vomiting, and weight loss. […] Not forever, but it may go away for a while, sometimes for a long while. When it does, it’s called being in remission. Remission might last for months or years. However, as with any chronic condition, certain triggers can cause it to return. […] It’s different for everyone, but flare-ups typically last for days to weeks. Many people find that they can reduce the length and severity of their flare ups by avoiding certain triggers, such as specific foods or chemicals, and medicating when necessary.

• #1 Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management | eLife

  https://elifesciences.org/articles/79397

  The diagnosis of microscopic colitis is based on a full colonoscopy with histopathological assessment of multiple random biopsies obtained from the entire colon despite endoscopic absence of any macroscopic abnormalities. […] In a recent study, the clinical course over time in a cohort of 318 patients with microscopic colitis and a mean age of 64 years with complete 1-year follow-up revealed that 49% had a chronic active or relapsing disease course; 40% achieved sustained remission after treatment, and 11% had a quiescent course. […] In general, symptoms and quality of life improved after 3 months of follow-up. […] A relapsing or chronic active disease course was associated with considerably more symptoms and an impaired quality of life after 1 year.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/microscopic-colitis

  Microscopic colitis is a type of inflammation of the colon, or large intestine, that can cause watery diarrhea and cramping. It can be painful and unpleasant. But in most cases, it’s much less severe than other types of inflammatory bowel disease. […] These include: Watery (but not bloody) diarrhea that may last weeks to months, Cramps, Pain, Bloating, Dehydration. The symptoms may get better and then return. […] Sometimes, microscopic colitis goes away on its own. If not, your doctor may suggest you take these steps: Avoid food, drinks or other things that could make symptoms worse, like caffeine, dairy, and fatty foods. Take fiber supplements. Stop taking medication that could trigger symptoms. Quit smoking. […] For most people with microscopic colitis, treatment generally works well. Some people have relapses after they stop treatment.

• #1 Microscopic colitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/3000315

  Microscopic colitis typically presents in people 50 years with chronic, nonbloody, watery diarrhea and is more common in women than in men. Other common symptoms include fecal urgency, fecal incontinence, and nocturnal stools. Symptoms can lead to a significantly impaired quality of life. […] Diagnosis is based on abnormal histological features from biopsies from the left and right colon. […] There is a subset of patients who do not meet histologic criteria; these patients may be diagnosed as „microscopic colitis not otherwise specified” or „microscopic colitis incomplete.” […] Despite high rates of response to medical treatment, the relapse rate after discontinuation is 60% to 80% of patients with variable time to relapse. In patients with recurrent disease, consider re-treatment with prior therapies or with biologics for patients with severe refractory symptoms.

• #1 Microscopic colitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3501768/

  Microscopic colitis typically presents as chronic or intermittent watery diarrhea, that may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss and incontinence. […] The severity of symptoms is variable: up to 22% of patients have 10 bowel movements per day and up to 27% having nocturnal diarrhea. […] Diarrhea may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, incontinence. […] The natural course of the disease is extremely variable. The rate of spontaneous symptomatic remission after many years was reported as varying between 60% and 93% in LC and as much as from 2% to 92% in CC. […] These findings suggest that LC might have an intrinsically higher tendency to spontaneous remission than CC.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis

  https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/info-support/information-about-crohns-and-colitis/all-information-about-crohns-and-colitis/understanding-crohns-and-colitis/microscopic-colitis

  The main symptom of Microscopic Colitis is ongoing watery diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is the passing of watery or loose poo more than three times a day for longer than four weeks. For some people, this can be as many as 15 times during the day and night. It can begin suddenly or gradually, and can get worse over time. […] Other symptoms can include: Pain in the tummy area, which may be cramping or dull. Fatigue or extreme tiredness. This could be from getting up at night to go to the toilet, but many people experience this even if they sleep through the night. Joint pain. Bloating and wind. Weight loss. […] These symptoms can have a huge impact on everyday life. They can make it difficult to work, go out with friends or plan activities. […] Coping with these symptoms may have an impact on your mental health. Coping with a long-term condition like Microscopic Colitis can be difficult and some people may feel isolated and low.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis | Crohn’s & Colitis Ireland

  https://crohnscolitis.ie/support/microscopiccolitis/

  Microscopic colitis is a type of inflammation of the colon, or large intestine that can cause chronic watery diarrhea. There are two main forms of microscopic colitis: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. […] The key characteristic is sustained, non-bloody, watery diarrhea. Sustained (chronic) means that the diarrhea lasts for more than four weeks. The symptoms may range from mild watery diarrhea to severe diarrhea that leaves the patient unable to work. In extreme cases, the stool frequency may be up to 20 times per day. As a result of watery diarrhea, those affected may feel a sudden urge to defecate and have to rush to make it to the toilet on time. […] In addition to watery diarrhea, some patients with microscopic colitis also report weight loss, stomach pain, and fatigue. […] Relapses are frequent with microscopic colitis, however the disease does respond well to repeat treatment with budesonide.

• #1 Microscopic (lymphocytic and collagenous) colitis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microscopic-lymphocytic-and-collagenous-colitis-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management

  Female preponderance appears to be more pronounced in collagenous as compared with lymphocytic colitis. […] Microscopic colitis has also been associated with several other diseases with autoimmune background. […] In one report, concomitant autoimmune diseases were more common in patients with collagenous colitis as compared with lymphocytic colitis. […] Microscopic colitis demonstrates a T helper type 1 mucosal cytokine response pattern with upregulated interferon gamma and interleukin-15, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide synthase, a pattern similar to that in celiac disease.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40266-023-01094-6

  Microscopic colitis, a diagnosis under the umbrella term of inflammatory bowel disease, is a prevalent cause of watery diarrhea, often with symptoms of urgency and bloating, typically observed in older adults aged 60 years. […] The disease is characterized by a clinicopathological triad of (1) a history of chronic (i.e., for more than 4 weeks) or recurrent/intermittent non-bloody watery diarrhea, (2) a normal or almost normal colonoscopy, and (3) a distinct histological pattern in colonic biopsy specimens when examined under a microscope. Apart from non-bloody watery diarrhea, which is often a key symptom in the early hours, other symptoms include urgency, fecal incontinence, fatigue, abdominal cramps or bloating, weight loss, arthralgia related to disease flares, and impaired quality of life.

• #1 Microscopic (lymphocytic and collagenous) colitis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microscopic-lymphocytic-and-collagenous-colitis-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management

  Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is characterized by chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea. […] The colon appears typically normal or almost normal on colonoscopy in patients with microscopic colitis. […] The diagnosis is established by biopsy of the colonic mucosa demonstrating characteristic histologic changes. […] The estimated incidence of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis are 2.0 to 10.8 and 2.3 to 16 per 100,000 per year, respectively, with higher incidence in northern Europe and northern parts of North America. […] The median age at diagnosis of microscopic colitis is approximately 65 years. […] Approximately 25 percent of patients with microscopic colitis are diagnosed before the age of 45 years. […] Microscopic colitis has a higher incidence in women, in the range of 52 to 86 percent.

• #1 Microscopic colitis – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/microscopic-colitis/

  Sadly, they may have suffered for many years prior to diagnosis when a good treatment was available. […] Diagnosis can be easier if more symptoms and signs are considered, in addition to the presence of watery diarrhoea. People who have microscopic colitis sometimes have other diseases of the immune system such as some thyroid problems, coeliac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and diabetes. Even if they are not directly affected by an autoimmune disease, a close blood relative might be affected.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis Symptoms | Signs & Diagnosis Guide

  https://www.microscopiccolitisfoundation.org/symptoms.html

  Diarrhea is not always present. Some patients experience alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation, some patients experience predominately constipation, and some patients experience only constipation. […] Many other symptoms are commonly experienced in most cases. Symptoms can include (but are not limited to) abdominal cramps and other abdominal aches and pains, joint aches and pains, muscle aches and pains, leg cramps, foot cramps, headaches, migraines, stiff joints, stiff neck, neck pain, and back pain. […] Nausea, sometimes leading to vomiting, is common for many patients. This can be a common problem for some people with MC, while others rarely or never report having these symptoms. The disease can make some victims feel as though they have a severe case of the flu that never seems to run its course, or one that repeatedly relapses. Symptoms can be constant, or they can wax and wane. Symptoms vary widely among patients and everyone seems to have her or his own particular pattern of clinical symptoms. Some patients experience only the classic symptom by which the disease is most commonly known watery diarrhea.

• #1 Microscopic Colitis (Collagenous and Lymphocytic Colitis): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180664-overview

  Microscopic colitis typically presents as chronic, nonbloody diarrhea with an endoscopically and radiologically normal colon but which demonstrates inflammatory changes on mucosal biopsies. […] More than half of patients treated for lymphocytic colitis (LC) experienced resolution of symptoms after 6 months of treatment, whereas only 15% of patients had significant persistent symptoms. […] In some patients, the diarrhea may wax and wane over many years; however, more than 80% of patients can expect diarrhea and histologic abnormalities to resolve within 3 years. […] Rare cases with severe and protracted diarrhea have been fatal; these cases are thought to be due to epithelial membrane sloughing and the resultant altered mucosal permeability. […] Although some small studies have suggested otherwise, microscopic colitis (either collagenous colitis [CC] or lymphocytic colitis) does not appear to increase the risk of colon cancer or adenoma.

• #1 Microscopic colitis: a guide for general practice | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/71/702/41

  Microscopic colitis is a cause of chronic, non-bloody, watery diarrhoea, particularly in older patients in whom the impact on quality of life can be significant. […] The most common symptom in microscopic colitis is chronic, non-bloody, watery, diarrhoea, frequently associated with faecal urgency, the passage of stools at night, and faecal incontinence. Cramping abdominal pain may be present. These symptoms can be severe enough to make patients effectively housebound. […] Patients typically have profuse watery diarrhoea, often with urgency, incontinence, and nocturnal symptoms. […] The initial treatment for most patients with microscopic colitis is oral budesonide at a dose of 9 mg/day for a period of 68 weeks; 81%84% of patients respond successfully to treatment compared with 36%43% given a placebo.

• #1 UNC Researchers Reveal Prevalence of Persistent Symptoms in Patients with Microscopic Colitis | Newsroom

  https://news.unchealthcare.org/2023/12/unc-researchers-reveal-prevalence-of-colonoscopy-miscommunication-with-microscopic-colitis-patients/

  In addition, many cases continued to experience ongoing loose stools, urgency, and fecal incontinence at one year, providing further evidence that patients should be offered follow-up appointments to assess how they are responding to treatment. […] The final finding examines the magnitude of symptoms at one year follow-up. In the study, 15% of microscopic colitis cases reported nocturnal stools, 28% abdominal pain, 40% fecal urgency, 32% weight loss, and 21% fecal incontinence. […] Based on these results, cases showed improvement in symptoms whether or not they were treated with budesonide. […] Hopefully, these findings will help increase awareness of the importance of communicating diagnostic colonoscopy findings as well as assessing and treating persistent symptoms following an initial diagnostic evaluation, said Redd. […] There is substantial symptom overlap between microscopic colitis and other causes of chronic diarrhea, Redd said, so much so that it makes it harder for providers to reliably distinguish the disease from other common conditions, like irritable bowel syndrome.

• #1 microscopic-colitis

  https://www.massgeneral.org/medicine/gastroenterology/treatments-and-services/microscopic-colitis

  Microscopic colitis is a disorder characterized by intermittent to chronic watery non-bloody diarrhea with a normal-appearing colon on colonoscopy or CT scan. […] Clinical symptoms include: […] Watery non-bloody diarrhea […] Mild diffuse abdominal discomfort […] Generally no significant weight loss […] Negative work-ups for other causes of diarrhea such as inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) as well as infections. […] Microscopic colitis is often a challenging disease requiring individualized patient treatment programs with a strong long-term doctor-patient relationship, as patients often can have relapses of their symptoms and disease.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Guide

  https://www.microscopiccolitisfoundation.org/disease-description.html

  Microscopic colitis (MC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) the general name for diseases that cause irritation and inflammation in the intestines. As is the case with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the symptoms of MC can wax and wane, but once the disease is diagnosed, it is for life. Similar to the other IBDs, MC has no known cure. […] While diarrhea is the most common symptom, many patients present with alternating diarrhea and constipation, and some patients only have constipation. Some patients even have normal bowel movements, but they suffer from dyspepsia or even neurological issues. The majority of patients suffer from a wide range of symptoms that can include (but are not limited to) abdominal cramps and other forms of abdominal pain, muscle pain, joint pain, muscle cramps in the leg or foot, migraines, and headaches. Arthritis-like stiffness and pain in joints, the neck, and the lower back, are very common. Some patients describe the symptoms as being similar to a bad case of the flu that never ends. Some patients also experience nausea, thrush, or recurring mouth sores, fever blisters, swollen lymph nodes, and various skin issues such as eczema, rash, boils, and hives.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis vs. Ulcerative Colitis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/microscopic-colitis-vs-ulcerative-colitis

  Both microscopic colitis (MC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can cause colon inflammation but may have slightly different symptoms. […] While MC and UC can both cause similar symptoms, there are also key differences, particularly around the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. […] Both UC and MC cause diarrhea, but UC tends to also cause blood or mucus in the stool. This symptom usually doesn’t occur with MC. […] Symptoms of both MC and UC can vary in intensity from person to person and change over time. […] People may go through remission, where they do not experience any symptoms, only to have old (or new) symptoms flare up again in the future. […] MC is unlikely to turn into UC. […] In some people, symptoms of MC can go away without treatment. […] Others may need to take bulk-forming agents such as psyllium, antidiarrheal medications, or the corticosteroid budesonide (Entocort) to relieve their symptoms. […] While you may experience abdominal pain and frequent stools with both conditions, UC also tends to include blood or rectal bleeding.

• #2 Microscopic colitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3501768/

  Microscopic colitis typically presents as chronic or intermittent watery diarrhea, that may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss and incontinence. […] The severity of symptoms is variable: up to 22% of patients have 10 bowel movements per day and up to 27% having nocturnal diarrhea. […] Diarrhea may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, incontinence. […] The natural course of the disease is extremely variable. The rate of spontaneous symptomatic remission after many years was reported as varying between 60% and 93% in LC and as much as from 2% to 92% in CC. […] These findings suggest that LC might have an intrinsically higher tendency to spontaneous remission than CC.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis

  https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/info-support/information-about-crohns-and-colitis/all-information-about-crohns-and-colitis/understanding-crohns-and-colitis/microscopic-colitis

  The main symptom of Microscopic Colitis is ongoing watery diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is the passing of watery or loose poo more than three times a day for longer than four weeks. For some people, this can be as many as 15 times during the day and night. It can begin suddenly or gradually, and can get worse over time. […] Other symptoms can include: Pain in the tummy area, which may be cramping or dull. Fatigue or extreme tiredness. This could be from getting up at night to go to the toilet, but many people experience this even if they sleep through the night. Joint pain. Bloating and wind. Weight loss. […] These symptoms can have a huge impact on everyday life. They can make it difficult to work, go out with friends or plan activities. […] Coping with these symptoms may have an impact on your mental health. Coping with a long-term condition like Microscopic Colitis can be difficult and some people may feel isolated and low.

• #2 Microscopic colitis: What is it, and what are the treatment options? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/4/215

  Microscopic colitis, an inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic diarrhea, is so named because its diagnosis requires histologic evaluation with mucosal biopsy. […] The quintessential clinical presentation, regardless of the subtype, is chronic, nonbloody, watery diarrhea with concomitant urgency, abdominal pain, and weight loss. […] With effective treatment, symptoms and quality of life improve with microscopic colitis. Predictions of sustained remission vary widely among studies. […] Although remission occurs for many patients, in most, the typical disease course is chronic or relapsing. […] As a general rule, continued budesonide therapy may be indicated for patients who are not in remission after 6 to 12 months.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis Symptoms | Signs & Diagnosis Guide

  https://www.microscopiccolitisfoundation.org/symptoms.html

  Diarrhea is not always present. Some patients experience alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation, some patients experience predominately constipation, and some patients experience only constipation. […] Many other symptoms are commonly experienced in most cases. Symptoms can include (but are not limited to) abdominal cramps and other abdominal aches and pains, joint aches and pains, muscle aches and pains, leg cramps, foot cramps, headaches, migraines, stiff joints, stiff neck, neck pain, and back pain. […] Nausea, sometimes leading to vomiting, is common for many patients. This can be a common problem for some people with MC, while others rarely or never report having these symptoms. The disease can make some victims feel as though they have a severe case of the flu that never seems to run its course, or one that repeatedly relapses. Symptoms can be constant, or they can wax and wane. Symptoms vary widely among patients and everyone seems to have her or his own particular pattern of clinical symptoms. Some patients experience only the classic symptom by which the disease is most commonly known watery diarrhea.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis

  https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/info-support/information-about-crohns-and-colitis/all-information-about-crohns-and-colitis/understanding-crohns-and-colitis/microscopic-colitis

  You may not have heard of Microscopic Colitis before. Its a type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, or IBD. Microscopic Colitis affects the colon, causing symptoms such as ongoing, watery poo and tummy pain and cramps. […] The main symptom of Microscopic Colitis is ongoing watery diarrhoea. Other symptoms include bloating, wind and tummy pain. […] Microscopic Colitis is a lifelong condition. But the right treatment can make a huge difference to your quality of life. This can help you get your condition under control, and there will be times when you have fewer symptoms or none at all. But you may also experience relapses, when your symptoms return or get worse. […] Microscopic Colitis affects the colon, which forms part of the large bowel. Normally, your colon absorbs water from digested food, which helps you pass a solid, soft and well-formed poo. But when the colon is affected by Microscopic Colitis, it cannot absorb as much liquid. This can mean that fluid builds up, producing a large amount of watery diarrhoea.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis (Collagenous and Lymphocytic Colitis): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180664-overview

  Microscopic colitis typically presents as chronic, nonbloody diarrhea with an endoscopically and radiologically normal colon but which demonstrates inflammatory changes on mucosal biopsies. […] More than half of patients treated for lymphocytic colitis (LC) experienced resolution of symptoms after 6 months of treatment, whereas only 15% of patients had significant persistent symptoms. […] In some patients, the diarrhea may wax and wane over many years; however, more than 80% of patients can expect diarrhea and histologic abnormalities to resolve within 3 years. […] Rare cases with severe and protracted diarrhea have been fatal; these cases are thought to be due to epithelial membrane sloughing and the resultant altered mucosal permeability. […] Although some small studies have suggested otherwise, microscopic colitis (either collagenous colitis [CC] or lymphocytic colitis) does not appear to increase the risk of colon cancer or adenoma.

• #2 BATTLING MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: PROGNOSIS, TYPES, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/battling-microscopic-colitis-prognosis-types-prevention-and-treatment

  While there is no cure for microscopic colitis, treatment and lifestyle changes can effectively control symptoms. With proper treatment, some people with microscopic colitis may experience periods of remission. However, improper trigger management can lead to flares. Flares refer to the recurrence of symptoms after a period of remission. […] Flares of microscopic colitis can vary in duration and may last a few days to several weeks. The duration of flares can depend on various factors. These include the individual’s overall health, flare severity, and the patients response to treatment.

• #2

  https://www.asge.org/home/resources/key-resources/blog/view/practical-solutions/2023/09/27/case-9–microscopic-colitis

  Microscopic colitis is a chronic disease of the colon, characterized by chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea. […] It is commonly characterized by chronic or recurrent, non-bloody, watery diarrhea. […] Patients usually have four to nine watery stools per day. In extreme cases, patients can exceed 15 bowel movements per day. Diarrhea often occurs gradually; however, 40 percent of patients have a sudden onset. […] Associated symptoms include fecal urgency, incontinence, nocturnal bowel movements, abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue, which can significantly reduce patient quality of life. Extraintestinal symptoms include arthralgia, arthritis or uveitis. Some patients, particularly older patients, may develop acute kidney injury secondary to dehydration from persistent watery diarrhea. […] Relapse occurs in up to 80 percent of patients after tapering off initial therapy. Patients can be maintained on the lowest effective dose of budesonide chronically if needed.

• #2

  https://www.symprove.com/blogs/gut-science/microscopic-colitis

  Medications are generally quite effective. But the symptoms eventually come back in 60-80% of cases. […] The likelihood of this condition returning after treatment may depend on the type. Some evidence shows that recovery is more common among people with lymphocytic colitis. […] Microscopic colitis rarely leads to serious complications. But the impact it can have on your day-to-day life means that seeking treatment is important. […] Microscopic colitis is a form of IBD that gives you frequent bouts of watery diarrhoea.

• #2 Microscopic colitis – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/microscopic-colitis/

  Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the bowel. It is characterised by watery diarrhoea, usually accompanied by urgency and problems with bowel control. Often people have night-time symptoms and symptoms can be unrelenting. People affected often need to identify where toilets are when they leave the house, to avoid accidents. In some cases, people are unable to leave the house at all due to the severity of their symptoms. Symptoms can be bad and lead to a substantial loss of quality of life. […] Symptoms of microscopic colitis include: Watery diarrhoea, Incontinence episodes, Waking during the night to empty the bowel, Urgency to use the toilet, Frequent need to empty the bowel. […] This condition is thought to be under-diagnosed, which means people with these symptoms might have microscopic colitis that has been mistakenly identified for another condition. Most often it is misdiagnosed as IBS or diverticular disease.

• #2 Microscopic colitis explained – and why it’s often mistaken for IBS

  https://theconversation.com/microscopic-colitis-explained-and-why-its-often-mistaken-for-ibs-219178

  In a study examining the diagnosis of microscopic colitis in Sweden from 1990 to 2015, my colleagues and I noted a sharp rise in the curve depicting the number of people diagnosed per year for the first 20 years, followed by a plateau. […] Almost everyone suffered from watery diarrhoea (without blood). Other symptoms included abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea and some patients even experienced faecal incontinence. […] Among gastroenterologists, it is well known that patients with this disease often experience stress and anxiety related to their bowel movements. Some may even avoid going outdoors for fear of not making it to a restroom in time. And when going out they always know where the nearest toilet is. […] Smoking also seems to be a risk factor. People with microscopic colitis who smoke, are diagnosed at a younger age and have more symptoms.

• #2 Microscopic colitis: Etiopathology, diagnosis, and rational management | eLife

  https://elifesciences.org/articles/79397

  Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease divided into two subtypes: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. […] The symptoms are characterized by recurrent or chronic nonbloody, watery diarrhea, urgency, weight loss, and a female preponderance. […] Microscopic colitis, of which two major histological subtypes (collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis) exist, is a common cause of chronic or recurrent, nonbloody, watery diarrhea. […] Patients often present additional symptoms, including urgency, fecal incontinence, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, arthralgias, and fatigue, impairing their quality of life. […] The onset is usually insidious, although sudden onset occurs in approximately 25% of patients. […] Given a severely affected quality of life due to a high overall symptom burden, diagnostic differentiation of microscopic colitis from other conditions of the GI tract is crucial.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis (Collagenous and Lymphocytic Colitis) Clinical Presentation: History & Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180664-clinical

  The presenting complaint of microscopic colitis (MC) is usually chronic watery, nonbloody diarrhea, usually between 4-6 loose stools per day, and frequently associated with other symptoms (eg, fecal urgency/incontinence, nocturnal stools). […] Less frequent complaints include abdominal cramping, fecal incontinence, fatigue, nocturnal diarrhea, and weight loss, although weight loss may be seen in 40% or more of patients with collagenous colitis (CC). […] Symptoms may have been present from several months to 2-3 years before medical attention is sought and a diagnosis is made. […] Incontinence is probably more a reflection of the advanced age of affected individuals; patients with this problem may do well if treated with antidiarrheal agents. […] Physical examination usually does not reveal any specific abnormalities. Severely affected individuals may show signs of dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss.

• #2 Microscopic (lymphocytic and collagenous) colitis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microscopic-lymphocytic-and-collagenous-colitis-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management

  Female preponderance appears to be more pronounced in collagenous as compared with lymphocytic colitis. […] Microscopic colitis has also been associated with several other diseases with autoimmune background. […] In one report, concomitant autoimmune diseases were more common in patients with collagenous colitis as compared with lymphocytic colitis. […] Microscopic colitis demonstrates a T helper type 1 mucosal cytokine response pattern with upregulated interferon gamma and interleukin-15, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide synthase, a pattern similar to that in celiac disease.

• #2 Microscopic Colitis: An Underestimated Disease of Growing Importance

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/19/5683

  MC is characterized by alternating remissions and exacerbations with chronic watery diarrhoea without blood, which occurs suddenly, persists until diagnosis, and resolves with the implementation of appropriate treatment. This manifestation is frequently accompanied by urgency and faecal incontinence. The typical patient passes between six and nine stools per day; however, the number of stools passed may exceed 10 per day. Moreover, 27% of patients also experience frequent bowel movements at night. Additional symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, occurring in up to 41% of patients, abdominal pain in 31–42%, weight loss in 31–42% of cases, as well as fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. The symptoms of MC are outlined in Table 1. […] While chronic diarrhoea is the hallmark symptom of MC, there have been instances where chronic constipation has been the primary clinical presentation. Constipation was observed in 18% of LC patients and in up to 39% of CC patients. Furthermore, some patients exhibited constipation following episodes of diarrhoea.

• #2 Microscopic colitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopic_colitis

  The main symptom is persistent non-bloody watery diarrhea, which may be profuse. People may also experience abdominal pain, fecal incontinence, and unintentional weight loss. […] Microscopic colitis is the diagnosis in around 10% of cases investigated for chronic non-bloody diarrhea. […] The prognosis for lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis is good, and both conditions are considered to be benign. The majority of people afflicted with the conditions recover from their diarrhea, and their histological abnormalities resolve, although relapses commonly occur if maintenance treatment is not continued.

• #2 BATTLING MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: PROGNOSIS, TYPES, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/battling-microscopic-colitis-prognosis-types-prevention-and-treatment

  Microscopic colitis is classified as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known to affect the colon or large intestine. Chronic watery diarrhea and colonic inflammation are the hallmark features of the condition. […] The main symptom is chronic watery diarrhea, occurring 4-10 times a day on average for more than four weeks. Onset is usually gradual, yet it may be sudden in 40% of cases. […] Other symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and urgency to have a bowel movement. Some individuals may also experience more diarrhea episodes daily, weight loss, fatigue, and dehydration due to the frequent bowel movements. […] Microscopic colitis can be a serious condition, especially if left untreated. In rare cases, severe microscopic colitis can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or even malnutrition if not appropriately managed.

• #3 Microscopic Colitis

  https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/info-support/information-about-crohns-and-colitis/all-information-about-crohns-and-colitis/understanding-crohns-and-colitis/microscopic-colitis

  The main symptom of Microscopic Colitis is ongoing watery diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is the passing of watery or loose poo more than three times a day for longer than four weeks. For some people, this can be as many as 15 times during the day and night. It can begin suddenly or gradually, and can get worse over time. […] Other symptoms can include: Pain in the tummy area, which may be cramping or dull. Fatigue or extreme tiredness. This could be from getting up at night to go to the toilet, but many people experience this even if they sleep through the night. Joint pain. Bloating and wind. Weight loss. […] These symptoms can have a huge impact on everyday life. They can make it difficult to work, go out with friends or plan activities. […] Coping with these symptoms may have an impact on your mental health. Coping with a long-term condition like Microscopic Colitis can be difficult and some people may feel isolated and low.

• #3 Microscopic colitis – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/microscopic-colitis/

  Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the bowel. It is characterised by watery diarrhoea, usually accompanied by urgency and problems with bowel control. Often people have night-time symptoms and symptoms can be unrelenting. People affected often need to identify where toilets are when they leave the house, to avoid accidents. In some cases, people are unable to leave the house at all due to the severity of their symptoms. Symptoms can be bad and lead to a substantial loss of quality of life. […] Symptoms of microscopic colitis include: Watery diarrhoea, Incontinence episodes, Waking during the night to empty the bowel, Urgency to use the toilet, Frequent need to empty the bowel. […] This condition is thought to be under-diagnosed, which means people with these symptoms might have microscopic colitis that has been mistakenly identified for another condition. Most often it is misdiagnosed as IBS or diverticular disease.

• #3 Managing symptoms of Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis or Microscopic Colitis

  https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/info-support/information-about-crohns-and-colitis/all-information-about-crohns-and-colitis/symptoms

  Bowel incontinence and urgency affect up to 7 in every 10 people with Crohn’s or Colitis. Find out more about these symptoms and how they can be managed. […] Joint problems are one of the most common symptoms outside the gut that people with Crohns or Colitis experience. […] If you have Crohns or Colitis you may be more likely to develop weaker bones (osteoporosis) or low bone mass.

Zobacz więcej