Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Listeriosis (Listeria Infection): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17721-listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an illness you can get from eating something contaminated with Listeria bacteria. […] Its treatable with antibiotics. […] Antibiotics like sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin treat listeriosis. Take your full course of medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start to feel better. If you dont take antibiotics as prescribed, the infection can come back. […] If you have mild symptoms and arent pregnant or at risk for serious complications, you might not need treatment.

• #2 Listeria infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/listeria-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20355269

  Healthy people rarely become very ill from listeria infection. But the disease can be fatal to unborn babies, newborns and people with weakened immune systems. Prompt antibiotic treatment can help curb the effects of listeria infection. […] Get emergency care if you have any of the following: A high fever. Very bad headache. Stiff neck. Confusion. Discomfort or pain due to light. […] Many listeria infections are mild. Some infected people don’t have any symptoms. But sometimes, a listeria infection can lead to serious medical problems or emergencies. These risks rise if treatment is delayed or not given. […] A listeria infection of the bloodstream can cause the body to have an improper reaction called sepsis. This can lead to organ damage or death. […] To prevent a listeria infection, follow simple food safety guidelines: Keep things clean. Wash your hands with warm, soapy water before and after you handle or prepare food. […] If you’re pregnant or you have a weak immune system, be extra cautious about listeria. Take added safety measures with these types of foods: Soft cheeses and Mexican-style cheeses. Don’t eat these, even if they were made using pasteurized milk.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/listeriosis

  Listeriosis can be treated if diagnosed early. Antibiotics are used to treat severe symptoms such as meningitis. When infection occurs during pregnancy, prompt administration of antibiotics prevents infection of the fetus or newborn.

• #4 About Listeria Infection | Listeria Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/index.html

  Treatment varies based on the kind of illness and its severity. […] People with an invasive illness are treated with antibiotics. […] Most people recover from an intestinal illness without antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics are needed only for patients who are very ill or at risk of becoming very ill.

• #5 Listeriosis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/listeriosis/

  Indications for antibiotic treatment: CNS infection, endocarditis, bacteremia, neonatal infection, or immunocompromise. […] First-line treatment: ampicillin or penicillin G, usually in combination with gentamicin for synergistic effect. […] Second-line treatment: cotrimoxazole, macrolide.

• #6 Listeria infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/listeria-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355275

  Treatment of listeria infection varies. It depends on how serious the symptoms are. Most people with mild symptoms don’t need treatment. More-serious infections can be treated with medicines that clear up infections caused by bacteria. These are called antibiotics. […] During pregnancy, prompt antibiotic treatment might help keep the infection from affecting the baby.

• #7 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  For most people, listeriosis is mild and gets better in a few days. […] If you’re at a higher risk of getting seriously ill (for example, you’re pregnant or have a weakened immune system), you may need antibiotics.

• #8 Listeriosis Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/listeriosis/

  If you are pregnant and get listeriosis, antibiotics can often prevent infection of the fetus or newborn. […] Babies who have listeriosis receive the same antibiotics as adults, although a combination of antibiotics is often used until your doctor is certain the cause is listeriosis. […] An otherwise healthy person who is not pregnant typically does not need treatment. Symptoms will usually go away within a few weeks.

• #9 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis) Medication: Antibiotics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-medication

  Antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice for invasive listeriosis. Bacteremia should be treated for 2 weeks if the patient is immunocompetent. Longer courses may be required in the immunocompromised patient. Meningitis should be treated for 3 weeks; endocarditis for 4-6 weeks; and brain abscess for at least 6 weeks. Ampicillin generally is considered the preferred agent, but other agents may be acceptable. Gentamicin frequently is added for synergy, but it may be discontinued after 1 week of clinical improvement in order to decrease the chance of renal toxicity or ototoxicity. […] Glucocorticoids have not demonstrated benefit in Listeria meningitis. […] Ampicillin is the drug of choice. It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active multiplication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms.

• #10 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Listeriosis-Treatment.aspx

  Successful treatment of listeriosis with ampicillin or penicillin as a monotherapy has been reported in the medical literature. […] the combination therapy with ampicillin and gentamicin represents the initial regimen of choice. […] The duration of therapy for bacteremia should be between one and two weeks, whereas meningitis cases may need to be treated for longer periods of time of up to three weeks. […] infective endocarditis and brain abscesses necessitate treatment for six to eight weeks. […] In neonates, an ampicillin dose of 150 to 200 milligrams (mg)/ kilogram (kg) per day for nonmeningeal infections or 300 to 400 mg/kg per day for Listeria meningitis is recommended. […] During pregnancy, the recommended dosage for listeriosis is 2 grams (g) of ampicillin every 6 to 8 hours, which is a dose that has been found to provide adequate intracellular penetration and crossing of the placenta.

• #11

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-024-02330-w

  Gentamicin combination treatment is associated with lower mortality in patients with invasive listeriosis: a retrospective analysis […] Combination treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin is recommended for invasive manifestations. […] The 90-day mortality was with significantly lower in the gentamicin combination treatment group (10%) compared to the monotherapy group (60%). […] This retrospective study highlights the benefit of gentamicin combination treatment in reducing the 90-day mortality rate among patients with invasive listeriosis. […] Current recommendations advocate the use of ampicillin and gentamicin for invasive listeriosis. […] Multivariable analyses revealed that gentamicin combination treatment may confer a survival benefit in patients with invasive listeriosis, irrespective of concomitant risk factors.

• #12 Listeria Monocytogenes | Johns Hopkins ABX Guide

  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540318/all/Listeria_Monocytogenes

• #13 Listeriosis – Infections – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/listeriosis

  Antibiotics can cure listeriosis. […] For most infections caused by Listeria, including endocarditis and meningitis, the antibiotics ampicillin and gentamicin are given by vein (intravenously). […] If people are allergic to penicillins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used instead of ampicillin. […] Eye infections can be treated with erythromycin, given by mouth, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, given intravenously.

• #14 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Listeriosis-Treatment.aspx

  Alternative antimicrobial drugs and regimes are sometimes needed in certain patient groups that may necessitate alternative antimicrobial drugs as a result of allergies or specific diseases. […] Second-line agents that can be used include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the best alternative single agent, followed by erythromycin, vancomycin, imipenem, and fluoroquinolones.

• #15 Listeriosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-positive-bacilli/listeriosis

  Treatment includes penicillin or ampicillin (often with aminoglycosides) or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. […] Listerial meningitis is best treated with ampicillin 2 g IV every 4 hours. Most authorities recommend adding gentamicin (1 mg/kg IV every 8 hours) based on synergy in vitro. […] Endocarditis and primary listerial bacteremia are treated with ampicillin 2 g IV every 4 hours plus gentamicin (for synergy) given for 6 weeks (for endocarditis) or 2 weeks (for bacteremia) beyond defervescence. […] Oculoglandular listeriosis and listerial dermatitis should respond to erythromycin 10 mg/kg orally every 6 hours, continued until 1 week after defervescence. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 5/25 mg/kg IV every 8 hours is an alternative.

• #16 Listeriosis in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2621056/

  In patients who are allergic to penicillin, treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) offers an alternative. […] Vancomycin has also been used in case reports of listerial infection. […] Other antibiotics used in case reports of listeriosis include erythromycin, meropenem, linezolid, and rifampin. […] Optimal duration of therapy in pregnancy has not been established. […] Even if a host seems clinically improved, the intracellular concentration of short-course antibiotic treatment may not be sufficient for complete sterilization. […] For this reason, some experts have suggested at least 3 to 4 weeks of treatment in pregnancy.

• #16 Listeriosis in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2621056/

  Listeriosis is a rare disease that causes mild maternal illness, but can be devastating to the fetus. […] Because listeriosis is rare, there are no prospective in vivo studies on antibiotic regimens. Experience from in vitro studies, case reports, and expert opinion can be useful to guide therapy. […] For an antibiotic to be effective against Listeria, the antibiotic must penetrate into the host cell and maintain high intracellular concentrations; it must penetrate into the host cell without significant changes in concentration or pH that might reduce its efficacy; and the antibiotic must bind to the penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) of Listeria, which causes cell death. […] Penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin have been used most extensively in the treatment of listeriosis. […] Most experts recommend 6 g or more per day of ampicillin for treatment during pregnancy.

• #17 Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia with oral levofloxacin in an immunocompromised patient

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9843167/

  A 72-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise, and diarrhea. […] Empirical antimicrobial treatment with oral levofloxacin was initiated after collecting two sets of blood culture. […] On the 7th day, Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia was diagnosed with both blood cultures turning positive. […] We ceased treatment when the CRP level decreased. […] Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and gentamicin are recommended for the treatment of Listeria infections. […] Although further evidence is required, new fluoroquinolones, especially levofloxacin, may provide an option for the treatment of Listeria infection. […] In this case, levofloxacin, which had been prescribed as an empiric therapy for suspected bacterial infections, was suitable for treatment. […] New fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, and moxifloxacin, have been reported to penetrate intracellularly, be concentrated in the cytoplasm of host cells, and show bactericidal effect against L. monocytogenes in multiple studies in vitro.

• #18 Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia with oral levofloxacin in an immunocompromised patient

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9843167/

  In conclusion, L. monocytogenes bacteremia was treated with oral levofloxacin. This treatment method might be an option for patients with Listeria infections; however, it is being currently used only in selected cases, such as when existing therapies are contraindicated for the patient. […] Although pharmacologically effective, there is little evidence of its use as a standard of care; therefore, further clinical studies are needed to establish evidence for the same.

• #19 Listeriosis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/listeriosis

  Most cases of non-invasive listeriosis in healthy adults and older children only require symptomatic treatment – eg, treatment for gastroenteritis. […] Amoxicillin and ampicillin are used to treat more severe infection and infection in pregnant women. […] Longer courses are required for immunocompromised patients. […] Invasive listeriosis (meningitis or septicaemia): intravenous amoxicillin/ampicillin plus gentamicin for 21 days (gentamicin may be stopped after seven days). Meningoencephalitis and endocarditis require a longer duration of treatment and combinations of antimicrobial therapy. […] Whenever listeriosis is a clinical possibility – eg, acute pyogenic meningitis, and the organism is unknown – intravenous amoxicillin/ampicillin should always be part of the regimen. […] Listeria spp. are resistant to cephalosporins. […] Gentamicin should be avoided in pregnancy and amoxicillin/ampicillin is then used alone. […] Erythromycin is used instead of amoxicillin/ampicillin if the patient is allergic to penicillin.

• #20 Management of Pregnant Women With Presumptive Exposure to Listeria monocytogenes | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2014/12/management-of-pregnant-women-with-presumptive-exposure-to-listeria-monocytogenes

  An exposed pregnant woman with a fever higher than 38.1C (100.6F) and signs and symptoms consistent with listeriosis for whom no other cause of illness is known should be simultaneously tested and treated for presumptive listeriosis. […] The antimicrobial regimen of choice for treatment of listeriosis is high-dose intravenous ampicillin (at least 6 g/day) for nonallergic patients for at least 14 days. […] If testing is undertaken and the blood culture yields listeria, standard antimicrobial treatment for listeriosis, typically including intravenous ampicillin, would be indicated. […] Women who are allergic to penicillin, ampicillin, or both present a clinical conundrum; trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole is the generally recommended alternative to ampicillin. […] Initiating a program of fetal surveillance seems prudent for women in whom listeriosis is diagnosed or strongly suspected because of exposure and fever with or without other symptoms, although studies and data do not exist to point to one best plan for such testing.

• #21 Treatment for Listeria Infection | Marler Clark

  https://marlerclark.com/foodborne-illnesses/listeria/listeria-treatment

  Listeria infections typically resolve without treatment, but antibiotics may be necessary to treat some cases. […] Invasive infections with Listeria can be treated with antibiotics. When infection occurs during pregnancy, antibiotics given promptly to the pregnant woman can often prevent infection of the fetus or newborn. Babies with listeriosis receive the same antibiotics as adults, although a combination of antibiotics is often used until physicians are certain of the diagnosis.

• #22 Neonatal Listeriosis – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-listeriosis

  Treatment is antibiotics, initially ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside. […] Treatment of the newborn is with ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside (eg, gentamicin). A 14-day course is usually satisfactory (21 days for meningitis), but the optimal duration is unknown. Other possible medications include ampicillin in combination with other intracellular medications such as fluoroquinolones, linezolid, or rifampin, but these have not been studied in pediatric patients, and susceptibility should be confirmed. […] Treat with ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside.

• #23 Listeria Infection (Listeriosis): Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/listeria-infection

  Treatment for listeriosis depends on how severe your symptoms are and your overall health. […] If your symptoms are mild and you are otherwise in good health, treatment may not be necessary. Instead, your doctor may instruct you to stay home and care for yourself with close follow-up. […] Home treatment for listeriosis is similar to treatment for any foodborne illness. To treat a mild infection at home, you can: Prevent dehydration by drinking water and clear liquids if vomiting or diarrhea occur. Use over-the-counter medications to manage body aches and fever, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve). During recovery, eat foods that are easy to process. These include bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. Limit spicy foods, dairy, alcohol, or fatty foods like meat.

• #24 Listeriosis – National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases

  https://nccid.ca/debrief/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis can be treated effectively if diagnosed early. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and type of illness. […] People experiencing diarrhea should stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Severe cases, such as those involving meningitis, require antibiotic treatment. If the infection occurs during pregnancy, prompt antibiotic administration can help prevent transmission to the fetus or newborn. Treatment is with ampicillin or amoxicillin combined with gentamicin or erythromycin. […] Most cases of intestinal illness resolve on their own without the need for antibiotics. However, antibiotics may be necessary for patients who are severely ill or at high risk of complications.

• #25 Listeria Infection (Listeriosis): Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/listeria-infection

  For more severe cases of listeriosis, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. These are drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. Some types of antibiotics that are commonly used for listeriosis include ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). […] If you have invasive listeriosis, you’ll likely need to stay in the hospital and be treated with intravenous (IV) medications. Antibiotics through an IV can help eliminate the infection, and the hospital staff can watch for complications. […] If you’re pregnant and have listeriosis, your doctor will want you to begin treatment with antibiotics. They’ll also monitor your baby for signs of distress. Newborn babies with an infection will receive antibiotics as soon as they’re born.

• #26 Listeriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosis

  Treatment includes prolonged administration of antibiotics, primarily ampicillin and gentamicin, to which the organism is usually susceptible. […] Bacteremia should be treated for 2 weeks, meningitis for 3 weeks, and brain abscess for at least 6 weeks. Ampicillin generally is considered antibiotic of choice; gentamicin is added frequently for its synergistic effects. The overall mortality rate is 2030%; of all pregnancy-related cases, 22% resulted in fetal loss or neonatal death, but mothers usually survive.

• #27 Frontiers | Listeriosis in a Metropolitan Hospital: Is Targeted Therapy a Risk Factor for Infection?

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.888038/full

  Targeted therapies are widely used for treatment of autoimmune diseases as well as solid organ and hematological malignancies. […] Although case reports or a few case series of listeriosis have been reported to be associated with targeted therapy, most of the cases were related to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody. […] Targeted therapy is an important predisposing factor for listeriosis. […] Listeria infection is an important differential diagnosis in patients on targeted therapy who present with sepsis and/or central nervous system infection, and the use of antibiotic regimens that cover listeria is crucial for empirical treatment. […] Avoidance of high-risk food items in these patients is important for the prevention of listeriosis.

• #28 CNS listeriosis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/cns-listeriosis

  CNS listeriosis has the second highest case fatality rate amongst food-borne diseases. Almost one third of all patients die despite adequate therapy, and hardly one third survive unscathed. […] Finally, it is important to remember that Listeria responds mainly to certain older antibiotics like penicillins, aminoglycosides, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Most newer antibiotics, like cephalosporins, fail. […] The therapy of choice for CNS listeriosis is combination therapy. The first choice is a beta-lactam (ampicillin or benzylpenicillin), combined with gentamicin or with TMP-SMX. If beta-lactam is contraindicated, then one uses TMP-SMX plus gentamicin. Meropenem comes in only when both beta-lactams and gentamicin are contraindicated. […] The duration of therapy in CNS listeriosis should be at least 3 to 4 weeks in immunocompetent and 6 to 8 weeks in immunosuppressed persons. […] Studies suggest that steroids, when started with the antibiotics, are beneficial.

• #29 Listeriosis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/listeriosis.shtml

  Listeriosis is treated with antibiotics. […] If you have symptoms associated with Listeriosis and may have eaten contaminated food, you should seek medical care and tell the doctor about your possible exposure. […] If you may have eaten contaminated food but do not feel sick, you do not need to test or to seek treatment.

• #30 What Is Listeria Infection? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/listeria/guide/

  Most healthy patients who are exposed to listeria and develop symptoms will not require any sort of treatment. Their immune system will eradicate the bacteria, and symptoms will tend to go away within three days, though they may last as long as one week. […] But pregnant women, seniors, and immunocompromised patients who experience symptoms and suspect they’ve been exposed to listeria should see a doctor as soon as possible. If they test positive for a listeria infection, the most common treatment is a 14- to 21-day course of intravenous antibiotics. […] In some cases such as when a pregnant woman develops a fever and other symptoms after eating a food known to be contaminated with listeria doctors may prescribe intravenous antibiotics while they wait for test results to confirm the presence of the bacteria. […] It’s important to note that eating a food implicated in a listeria outbreak does not mean a person should start taking antibiotics. Even for older or immunocompromised individuals, antibiotic treatment is usually not recommended unless symptoms emerge.

• #31 How Doctors Treat Listeria Infection

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/listeria/treatment/

  Patients treated early for listeriosis and who dont develop sepsis, meningitis, or any of the infections more serious systemic complications tend to recover quickly and completely; usually within a matter of weeks. […] However, recovery time for more serious listeria infections can vary, and roughly 15 percent of patients with invasive listeriosis die. […] If people especially those at high risk are careful about what they eat and quick to notify their doctor of symptoms they do experience, they have a good chance of knocking out the infection before it can invade their blood and cause more serious health problems.

• #32 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  There is an antibiotic treatment for severe forms. It is taken for several weeks and is more effective if administered rapidly after diagnosis. However, even with targeted early treatment, the outcome may be fatal.

• #33 Factsheets – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/gastroenteric/listeriosis/factsheets/

  Listeriosis can be treated with antibiotics. However even with treatment, infection can be severe and may result in death, especially in the elderly.

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