Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host’s cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum. […] Due to its frequent pathogenicity, causing meningitis in newborns (acquired transvaginally), pregnant women are often advised not to eat soft cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, feta, and queso blanco fresco, which may be contaminated with and permit growth of L. monocytogenes.

• #2 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive rod that is responsible for causing the infection listeriosis. […] Listeria commonly causes meningitis in the young (neonates), elderly, and immunocompromised patient population. Healthy individuals infected with L. monocytogenes typically have a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection with fever and diarrhea. […] The Listeria family consists of 10 different species with L. monocytogenes found most consistently in humans. L. monocytogenes has 13 different serotypes based on a variety of flagellar and surface antigens. However, there are only three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4a) that inflict disease in humans. […] In general, the infectious dose of L. monocytogenes is large, meaning one must ingest a large number to cause clinical infection, but as growth and division can continue at refrigerator temperatures, these levels can be reached despite typical food storage precautions. Host immune response also affects the infectious dose. Utilization of proton pump inhibitors or other stomach acid suppression modalities makes it easier for L. monocytogenes to pass through the stomach and invade enterocytes.

• #3 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host’s cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum. […] Due to its frequent pathogenicity, causing meningitis in newborns (acquired transvaginally), pregnant women are often advised not to eat soft cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, feta, and queso blanco fresco, which may be contaminated with and permit growth of L. monocytogenes.

• #4 What Causes Listeria? Study Points to Most Common Source

  https://www.foodandwine.com/what-causes-listeria-study-6755108

  According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology, salads and soft cheeses are two of the foods most commonly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria that causes listeriosis infections. […] After analyzing the data, they determined that the vast majority of reported listeriosis infections over 90% were connected to deli meats, followed by salads, the cheeses and the seafood, and then frozen vegetables. […] The FDA describes listeriosis as „rare but very serious.” Around 1,600 people in the United States get listeriosis every year. The hospitalization rate is around 90 percent, while the fatality rate can be between 20 and 30 percent „even with adequate antibiotic treatment.” […] In addition to the foods listed above, the FDA and the CDC also list raw sprouts, refrigerated pt, fruit salad, and cantaloupe among the foods that can be contaminated with the bacteria. „Pasteurization, cooking, and most disinfecting agents kill L. monocytogenes,” the FDA explains. „However, in some ready-to-eat food, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after the food is cooked in the factory but before its packaged.”

• #5 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #6 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #7 What Is Listeria Monocytogenes (Listeriosis) Food Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-listeria

  A possible source of the illness: listeria, one of the causes of food poisoning. […] Listeria is caused by bacteria that can grow at cold temperatures, like those inside a refrigerator. Even freezing doesnt stop it. When it contaminates food, you cant see, smell, or taste it. […] People pick up the infection most often from deli meats that arent processed properly or from dairy products made from milk that isnt pasteurized — in other words, the milk hasnt been heated to kill germs. […] Pregnant women, and especially pregnant Hispanic women, are more likely than most people to come down with listeriosis. An infection, even one that affects the mother mildly, can have very serious effects on the baby, including premature birth or even stillbirth.

• #8 Listeriosis – 9.383 – Extension

  https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/nutrition-food-safety-health/listeriosis-9-383/

  Since the recognition of food as the primary mode of transmission, a wide variety of food types have been implicated in outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes. […] A common characteristic of many implicated foods is that they are refrigerated ready-to-eat. […] Factors that increase Listeria’s threat to human health include its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures, 32F and above. […] Listeria can grow in an acidic (as low as 4.4 pH) or basic (as high as pH 9.6) environment. […] Listeria can grow under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) at refrigeration temperatures. […] This property makes Listeria a potential threat to the safety of foods packaged under vacuum or modified atmospheres as the growth of this microorganism is not inhibited in vacuum packaged food items.

• #9 Listeriosis – 9.383 – Extension

  https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/nutrition-food-safety-health/listeriosis-9-383/

  Since the recognition of food as the primary mode of transmission, a wide variety of food types have been implicated in outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes. […] A common characteristic of many implicated foods is that they are refrigerated ready-to-eat. […] Factors that increase Listeria’s threat to human health include its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures, 32F and above. […] Listeria can grow in an acidic (as low as 4.4 pH) or basic (as high as pH 9.6) environment. […] Listeria can grow under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) at refrigeration temperatures. […] This property makes Listeria a potential threat to the safety of foods packaged under vacuum or modified atmospheres as the growth of this microorganism is not inhibited in vacuum packaged food items.

• #10 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #11 Clinical Overview of Listeriosis | Listeria Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Listeria monocytogenes is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium. It can be readily isolated in standard bacterial culture of normally sterile body sites. It is widespread in the environment and can be isolated from soil, water, and decaying vegetation. […] Serotyping differentiates isolates of Listeria below the species level. Listeria serotypes are designated based on the immunoreactivity of two cell surface structures, the O and H antigens. Twelve serotypes of L. monocytogenes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and 7) are recognized, three of which (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) cause most (95%) human illness; serotype 4b is most commonly associated with outbreaks. […] Listeria infection is caused by eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The infection can be very serious for some groups of people.

• #12 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive rod that is responsible for causing the infection listeriosis. […] Listeria commonly causes meningitis in the young (neonates), elderly, and immunocompromised patient population. Healthy individuals infected with L. monocytogenes typically have a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection with fever and diarrhea. […] The Listeria family consists of 10 different species with L. monocytogenes found most consistently in humans. L. monocytogenes has 13 different serotypes based on a variety of flagellar and surface antigens. However, there are only three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4a) that inflict disease in humans. […] In general, the infectious dose of L. monocytogenes is large, meaning one must ingest a large number to cause clinical infection, but as growth and division can continue at refrigerator temperatures, these levels can be reached despite typical food storage precautions. Host immune response also affects the infectious dose. Utilization of proton pump inhibitors or other stomach acid suppression modalities makes it easier for L. monocytogenes to pass through the stomach and invade enterocytes.

• #13 Listeria infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/listeria-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20355269

  Listeria bacteria can be found in soil, water and animal waste, also called stool. People can get infected by eating the following: […] Pregnant people with listeria infections can pass the infections to their unborn babies. This is a risk even if a pregnant person doesn’t have symptoms of the infection.

• #14 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of disease-causing bacteria that can be found in many places, including soil, water, sewage, rotting vegetation, and animals. It can survive and grow even under refrigeration. L. monocytogenes can thrive in unsanitary food production conditions, leading to contamination of the food. When people eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, they may develop a disease called listeriosis. […] L. monocytogenes is generally transmitted when food is harvested, processed, prepared, packed, transported, or stored in manufacturing or production environments contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Environments can become contaminated by raw materials, water, soil, and incoming air. Pets can also spread the bacteria in the home if they eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes.

• #15 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of disease-causing bacteria that can be found in many places, including soil, water, sewage, rotting vegetation, and animals. It can survive and grow even under refrigeration. L. monocytogenes can thrive in unsanitary food production conditions, leading to contamination of the food. When people eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, they may develop a disease called listeriosis. […] L. monocytogenes is generally transmitted when food is harvested, processed, prepared, packed, transported, or stored in manufacturing or production environments contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Environments can become contaminated by raw materials, water, soil, and incoming air. Pets can also spread the bacteria in the home if they eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes.

• #16 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #17 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #18 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #19 Farm Health Online – Animal Health and Welfare Knowledge Hub – Listeriosis in sheep

  https://www.farmhealthonline.com/US/disease-management/sheep-diseases/listeriosis-in-sheep/

  Listeriosis is caused by the contamination of feedstuffs by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, which is widely distributed in nature and is found in soil, feedstuffs and feces from healthy animals (Wardrope and Macleod, 1983). […] Listeria can survive for up to three months in stored livestock manure (Nicholson et al., 2005). […] Silage may become a source of infection if soil containing the organism is included (Low and Donachie, 1991, Wagner et al., 2005). […] Improperly prepared silage having a pH value greater than 5.4 and silage which has become spoiled due to prolonged exposure to air (Clarkson and Faull, 1987; Low and Renton, 1985) will enable the organism to multiply. […] The prevalence of L. monocytogenes on ruminant farms is seasonal, and associated with farm management practices, animal health and hygiene and feedstuff quality and storage. […] It is often seen around lambing time when sheep are housed and fed silage or haylage. […] The epidemiology and transmission of L. monocytogenes differ between small-ruminant and cattle farms (Nightingale et al., 2004; Nightingale et al., 2005).

• #20 Listeriosis (Listeria Infection): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17721-listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an illness you can get from eating something contaminated with Listeria bacteria. […] Listeriosis is a form of food poisoning you get from the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] The bacteria Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis. You get it by eating or drinking something contaminated with the bacteria. […] If you’re pregnant and get a Listeria infection, you can transmit it to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.

• #21 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #22 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis, is an important pathogen in pregnant patients, neonates, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals, although it is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. […] Patients with cancer, particularly those of blood, also are at high risk for listeriosis. […] It typically is a food-borne organism. […] Listeria infection ranks as the third leading cause of mortality from foodborne illnesses in the United States, and there are 1,600 cases of Listeria infection and 260 fatalities due to the infection each year. […] Most infections occur after oral ingestion, with access to the systemic circulation after intestinal penetration. […] Healthy individuals may experience minor gastrointestinal symptoms when infected with Listeria. However, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for more severe infections, such as bacteraemia and meningitis, whereas pregnant people may experience miscarriage and stillbirth.

• #23 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes can infect the brain, spinal-cord membranes and bloodstream of the host through the ingestion of contaminated food such as unpasteurized dairy or raw foods. […] The infectious dose of L. monocytogenes varies with the strain and with the susceptibility of the victim. From cases contracted through raw or supposedly pasteurized milk, one may safely assume that, in susceptible persons, fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease. […] The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes centers on its ability to survive and multiply in phagocytic host cells.

• #24 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of disease-causing bacteria that can be found in many places, including soil, water, sewage, rotting vegetation, and animals. It can survive and grow even under refrigeration. L. monocytogenes can thrive in unsanitary food production conditions, leading to contamination of the food. When people eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, they may develop a disease called listeriosis. […] L. monocytogenes is generally transmitted when food is harvested, processed, prepared, packed, transported, or stored in manufacturing or production environments contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Environments can become contaminated by raw materials, water, soil, and incoming air. Pets can also spread the bacteria in the home if they eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes.

• #25 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of disease-causing bacteria that can be found in many places, including soil, water, sewage, rotting vegetation, and animals. It can survive and grow even under refrigeration. L. monocytogenes can thrive in unsanitary food production conditions, leading to contamination of the food. When people eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, they may develop a disease called listeriosis. […] L. monocytogenes is generally transmitted when food is harvested, processed, prepared, packed, transported, or stored in manufacturing or production environments contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Environments can become contaminated by raw materials, water, soil, and incoming air. Pets can also spread the bacteria in the home if they eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes.

• #26

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug2074

  Listeriosis is a foodborne illness caused by eating foods contaminated with the Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) bacterium. […] The bacteria that causes listeriosis (L. monocytogenes) is found in soil and water. […] Vegetables can become contaminated from the soil or from manure used as fertilizer. […] Animals can carry the bacteria and can contaminate meats and dairy products. […] Processed foods, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts, can be contaminated after processing. […] Unpasteurized (raw) milk or foods made from unpasteurized milk can be contaminated.

• #27 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of disease-causing bacteria that can be found in many places, including soil, water, sewage, rotting vegetation, and animals. It can survive and grow even under refrigeration. L. monocytogenes can thrive in unsanitary food production conditions, leading to contamination of the food. When people eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, they may develop a disease called listeriosis. […] L. monocytogenes is generally transmitted when food is harvested, processed, prepared, packed, transported, or stored in manufacturing or production environments contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Environments can become contaminated by raw materials, water, soil, and incoming air. Pets can also spread the bacteria in the home if they eat food contaminated with L. monocytogenes.

• #28 Listeria Monocytogenes, Listeriosis, and You | HomeA Lock

  https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/listeria-monocytogenes-listeriosis-and-you

  It’s very important to understand that, unlike most other foodborne bacteria, Listeria can grow at refrigerator temperatures (40 °F or below). That means the longer foods contaminated with Listeria are stored in the refrigerator, the more opportunity bacteria Listeria have to multiply. In addition, foods contaminated with Listeria can cross-contaminate surfaces they come into contact with – surfaces in the refrigerator and around the kitchen.

• #29 Listeria infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/listeria-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20355269

  Listeria bacteria can be found in soil, water and animal waste, also called stool. People can get infected by eating the following: […] Pregnant people with listeria infections can pass the infections to their unborn babies. This is a risk even if a pregnant person doesn’t have symptoms of the infection.

• #30 Listeriosis (Listeria Infection): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17721-listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an illness you can get from eating something contaminated with Listeria bacteria. […] Listeriosis is a form of food poisoning you get from the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] The bacteria Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis. You get it by eating or drinking something contaminated with the bacteria. […] If you’re pregnant and get a Listeria infection, you can transmit it to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth.

• #31 Listeriosis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/listeriosis

  Listeria spp. are Gram-positive non-sporing rods which are ubiquitous in the environment and found worldwide. Listeria monocytogenes is the major pathogen, although occasional human infections with Listeria ivanovii and Listeria seeligeri have been reported. […] Pregnant women, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems (including those treated with oral corticosteroids) are more susceptible to listeriosis. Unborn babies and neonates are at particular risk of severe illness and listeriosis in pregnancy can cause miscarriage, premature delivery or severe illness in a newborn child. […] Infection may be foodborne or from direct contact with animals (particularly during calving, lambing and post-mortem examinations). Spread from mother to fetus may occur in utero or during birth.

• #32 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-clinical

  Most infections are due to food-borne transmission. It is more common in countries with industrialized food, storage, and distribution facilities. […] A substantial minority of infections are transmitted by other modes. Transmission can occur transplacentally or via an infected birth canal. Isolated incidences of cross-infection in neonatal nurseries have been reported. […] Nosocomial infection, although rare, has been reported.

• #33 What Is Listeria Infection? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/listeria/guide/

  But pregnant women can pass the infection to their unborn babies, Hunter says. And this can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor as well as sepsis (a blood infection) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) in a newborn. […] Listeriosis during pregnancy results in fetal loss in about 20 percent of cases and newborn death in about 3 percent of cases, she says.

• #34 What Is Listeria Infection? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/listeria/guide/

  But pregnant women can pass the infection to their unborn babies, Hunter says. And this can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor as well as sepsis (a blood infection) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) in a newborn. […] Listeriosis during pregnancy results in fetal loss in about 20 percent of cases and newborn death in about 3 percent of cases, she says.

• #35 Listeriosis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/listeriosis

  Listeria spp. are Gram-positive non-sporing rods which are ubiquitous in the environment and found worldwide. Listeria monocytogenes is the major pathogen, although occasional human infections with Listeria ivanovii and Listeria seeligeri have been reported. […] Pregnant women, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems (including those treated with oral corticosteroids) are more susceptible to listeriosis. Unborn babies and neonates are at particular risk of severe illness and listeriosis in pregnancy can cause miscarriage, premature delivery or severe illness in a newborn child. […] Infection may be foodborne or from direct contact with animals (particularly during calving, lambing and post-mortem examinations). Spread from mother to fetus may occur in utero or during birth.

• #36 Listeriosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. Listeriosis is typically a food-borne illness and usually affects those with impaired immunity. […] The consumption of contaminated food is thought to be the main route of transmission. The bacterium can survive acidic, salty, and cold food-processing techniques and can continue multiplying even with proper refrigeration. […] L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from mother to baby, via the placenta or vaginal infection. […] Rarely, L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from animals to humans. […] Most cases of cutaneous listeriosis in adults result from direct inoculation of the skin. This is most commonly seen in veterinarians or farmers who come in contact with birthing animals, products related to animal conceptions and births, or soil carrying the bacteria.

• #37 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-clinical

  Most infections are due to food-borne transmission. It is more common in countries with industrialized food, storage, and distribution facilities. […] A substantial minority of infections are transmitted by other modes. Transmission can occur transplacentally or via an infected birth canal. Isolated incidences of cross-infection in neonatal nurseries have been reported. […] Nosocomial infection, although rare, has been reported.

• #38 Listeriosis – 9 Basic Listeria Causes – Ionic Alliance Foundation

  https://iaf.care/listeria-causes/

  Listeria is a severe infection, usually caused by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria that cause listeriosis are widespread in the environment and live in soil and water. Animals can carry the bacteria without appearing ill and contaminate food during slaughter or processing. Listeria develops in various raw foods, such as unpasteurized milk and dairy products, soft cheeses, cold cuts, smoked seafood, and raw fruits and vegetables. […] Listeriosis usually happens due to eating contaminated food. The bacteria can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, such as cutting boards and countertops or utensils, or contact with infected animals, such as poultry or livestock. […] Other listeria causes include: Eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products, such as milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, or pudding; Eating raw or lightly cooked eggs, such as poached, soft-boiled, or sunny side up; Eating undercooked meat or poultry, such as hamburgers, turkey burgers, chicken nuggets, or hot dogs; Eating unwashed raw fruits and vegetables; Drinking raw (unpasteurized) fruit juices; Eating prepared foods containing Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. […] Having contact with infected animals, such as poultry or livestock.

• #39 Listeria Monocytogenes (Listeriosis): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/listeria/article.htm

  The organisms (Listeria monocytogenes) that cause listeriosis have probably been infecting humans for centuries. In 2010, health researchers discovered that a known species, Listeria ivanovii, thought only to infect cattle, also infect humans — so two Listeria species can infect humans. […] The bacteria are not contagious from person to person in most instances. The one exception is that a pregnant woman can transfer the bacteria to the fetus or the newborn.

• #40 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #41 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #42 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #43 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host’s cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum. […] Due to its frequent pathogenicity, causing meningitis in newborns (acquired transvaginally), pregnant women are often advised not to eat soft cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, feta, and queso blanco fresco, which may be contaminated with and permit growth of L. monocytogenes.

• #44 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #45 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #46 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #47 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #48 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Past listeriosis outbreaks in the U.S. have been linked to raw, unpasteurized milk and unpasteurized milk products, certain types of cheeses like pasteurized or unpasteurized queso fresco-type cheeses; raw or processed vegetables; raw or processed fruits; raw or undercooked poultry, sausages, hot dogs, deli meats, ice cream; and raw or smoked fish and other seafood. L. monocytogenes has also been found in raw pet food.

• #49 Listeria (Listeriosis) | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/listeria-listeriosis

  Past listeriosis outbreaks in the U.S. have been linked to raw, unpasteurized milk and unpasteurized milk products, certain types of cheeses like pasteurized or unpasteurized queso fresco-type cheeses; raw or processed vegetables; raw or processed fruits; raw or undercooked poultry, sausages, hot dogs, deli meats, ice cream; and raw or smoked fish and other seafood. L. monocytogenes has also been found in raw pet food.

• #50 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #51 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #52 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #53 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #54 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #55 What Causes Listeria? Study Points to Most Common Source

  https://www.foodandwine.com/what-causes-listeria-study-6755108

  According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology, salads and soft cheeses are two of the foods most commonly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria that causes listeriosis infections. […] After analyzing the data, they determined that the vast majority of reported listeriosis infections over 90% were connected to deli meats, followed by salads, the cheeses and the seafood, and then frozen vegetables. […] The FDA describes listeriosis as „rare but very serious.” Around 1,600 people in the United States get listeriosis every year. The hospitalization rate is around 90 percent, while the fatality rate can be between 20 and 30 percent „even with adequate antibiotic treatment.” […] In addition to the foods listed above, the FDA and the CDC also list raw sprouts, refrigerated pt, fruit salad, and cantaloupe among the foods that can be contaminated with the bacteria. „Pasteurization, cooking, and most disinfecting agents kill L. monocytogenes,” the FDA explains. „However, in some ready-to-eat food, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after the food is cooked in the factory but before its packaged.”

• #56 Listeria Infection (Listeriosis): Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/listeria-infection

  Listeria infection, also known as listeriosis, is caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). […] Listeriosis develops after you come into contact with the bacteria L. monocytogenes. Most commonly, a person gets listeriosis after eating contaminated food. A newborn can also get it from their mother. […] Listeria bacteria live in soil, water, and animal feces. They can also live on food, on food production equipment, and in cold food storage. Listeriosis is commonly spread by: processed meats, including deli meat, hot dogs, meat spreads, and refrigerated smoked seafood; unpasteurized dairy products, including soft cheeses and milk; some processed dairy products, including ice cream; raw vegetables and fruit. […] A 2020 study collected samples of frozen fruit and vegetables from retail and catering locations. Researchers were able to detect L. monocytogenes in 10 percent of the frozen vegetables. Some of the bacterial strains matched those that had caused previous infections in people.

• #57 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #58 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #59 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #60 What Causes Listeria? Study Points to Most Common Source

  https://www.foodandwine.com/what-causes-listeria-study-6755108

  According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology, salads and soft cheeses are two of the foods most commonly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria that causes listeriosis infections. […] After analyzing the data, they determined that the vast majority of reported listeriosis infections over 90% were connected to deli meats, followed by salads, the cheeses and the seafood, and then frozen vegetables. […] The FDA describes listeriosis as „rare but very serious.” Around 1,600 people in the United States get listeriosis every year. The hospitalization rate is around 90 percent, while the fatality rate can be between 20 and 30 percent „even with adequate antibiotic treatment.” […] In addition to the foods listed above, the FDA and the CDC also list raw sprouts, refrigerated pt, fruit salad, and cantaloupe among the foods that can be contaminated with the bacteria. „Pasteurization, cooking, and most disinfecting agents kill L. monocytogenes,” the FDA explains. „However, in some ready-to-eat food, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after the food is cooked in the factory but before its packaged.”

• #61

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Foodborne listeriosis is one of the most serious and severe foodborne diseases. It is caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] Eating contaminated food with high numbers of L. monocytogenes is the main route of infection. […] L. monocytogenes are ubiquitous in nature and found in soil, water and animal digestive tracts. […] The initial diagnosis of listeriosis is made based on clinical symptoms and detection of the bacteria in a smear from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), meconium of newborns (or the fetus in abortion cases), as well as from faeces, vomitus, foods or animal feed. […] Pregnant women are about 20 times more likely to contract listeriosis than other healthy adults. […] People with HIV are at least 300 times more likely to get ill than those with a normally functioning immune system. […] Due to the long incubation period, it is challenging to identify the food which was the actual source of the infection.

• #62 What Is Listeria Infection? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/listeria/guide/

  The Listeria monocytogenes bacteria is typically found in soil, water, and animal feces. Therefore, youre most likely to develop listeriosis by eating contaminated fruits, vegetables, meats, and other animal products. […] Past outbreaks of listeria were traced back to contaminated deli meats and hot dogs, whereas more recent outbreaks are often linked to unpasteurized milk and dairy products, as well as produce. […] Anyone can get sick from these and other contaminated foods, but infants and young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems face a much higher risk of infection. […] Pregnant women are roughly 10 times more likely to develop listeriosis than the average person. […] While listeriosis can cause mild flu-like symptoms in pregnant women, it may not cause any symptoms at all, according to the CDCs Hunter.

• #63 Listeriosis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an infection that can occur when a person eats food that has been contaminated with bacteria called Listeria monocytogenes (L monocytogenes). […] The bacteria L monocytogenes is found in wild animals, domesticated animals, and in soil and water. These bacteria make many animals sick, leading to miscarriage and stillbirth in domestic animals. […] Vegetables, meats, and other foods can get infected with the bacteria if they come in contact with contaminated soil or manure. Raw milk or products made from raw milk may carry these bacteria. […] The bacteria most often cause a gastrointestinal illness. In some cases, you can develop a blood infection (septicemia) or inflammation of the covering of the brain (meningitis). […] Infection in early pregnancy may cause a miscarriage. The bacteria may cross the placenta and infect the developing baby. Infections in late pregnancy may lead to stillbirth or death of the infant within a few hours of birth. […] In adults, the disease may take many forms, depending on what organ or organ systems are infected.

• #64 Listeria and listeriosis | Queensland Health

  https://www.health.qld.gov.au/newsroom/news/listeria-listeriosis-what-you-need-to-know-food-poisoning

  As we age, our immune system function declines. This means that older people are more susceptible to a range of illnesses and infections, including listeriosis and other food-borne illnesses. Similarly, people with weakened immunity are at increased risk because the body’s natural defenses against infection-causing bacteria are impaired.

• #65 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis

  Vulnerable and immunocompromised people, pregnant women, infants, elderly people, people with cancer and transplant recipients are most at risk of developing severe forms of the disease. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #66

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Foodborne listeriosis is one of the most serious and severe foodborne diseases. It is caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] Eating contaminated food with high numbers of L. monocytogenes is the main route of infection. […] L. monocytogenes are ubiquitous in nature and found in soil, water and animal digestive tracts. […] The initial diagnosis of listeriosis is made based on clinical symptoms and detection of the bacteria in a smear from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), meconium of newborns (or the fetus in abortion cases), as well as from faeces, vomitus, foods or animal feed. […] Pregnant women are about 20 times more likely to contract listeriosis than other healthy adults. […] People with HIV are at least 300 times more likely to get ill than those with a normally functioning immune system. […] Due to the long incubation period, it is challenging to identify the food which was the actual source of the infection.

• #67 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis, is an important pathogen in pregnant patients, neonates, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals, although it is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. […] Patients with cancer, particularly those of blood, also are at high risk for listeriosis. […] It typically is a food-borne organism. […] Listeria infection ranks as the third leading cause of mortality from foodborne illnesses in the United States, and there are 1,600 cases of Listeria infection and 260 fatalities due to the infection each year. […] Most infections occur after oral ingestion, with access to the systemic circulation after intestinal penetration. […] Healthy individuals may experience minor gastrointestinal symptoms when infected with Listeria. However, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for more severe infections, such as bacteraemia and meningitis, whereas pregnant people may experience miscarriage and stillbirth.

• #68 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #69 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #70 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #71 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  Listeriosis is a foodborne infection caused by Listeria bacteria. […] Listeriosis is caused by Listeria, a type of bacteria that is commonly found in water, soil, and feces. Humans are infected when they consume foods that harbor the bacteria. […] The most common foods to cause listeriosis outbreaks are deli meats and unpasteurized dairy products. However, many other foods have also been found to spark outbreaks, including caramel apples, cantaloupe, and cabbages fertilized by sheep manure. […] Adults who are healthy and have strong immune systems are less at risk of listeriosis. The following are associated with an increased risk of Listeria infection: age over 65 years, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), existing kidney disease, chemotherapy, cirrhosis, diabetes, surgical removal of the spleen, Medication for rheumatoid arthritis and immunosuppressant drugs.

• #72 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive rod that is responsible for causing the infection listeriosis. […] Listeria commonly causes meningitis in the young (neonates), elderly, and immunocompromised patient population. Healthy individuals infected with L. monocytogenes typically have a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection with fever and diarrhea. […] The Listeria family consists of 10 different species with L. monocytogenes found most consistently in humans. L. monocytogenes has 13 different serotypes based on a variety of flagellar and surface antigens. However, there are only three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4a) that inflict disease in humans. […] In general, the infectious dose of L. monocytogenes is large, meaning one must ingest a large number to cause clinical infection, but as growth and division can continue at refrigerator temperatures, these levels can be reached despite typical food storage precautions. Host immune response also affects the infectious dose. Utilization of proton pump inhibitors or other stomach acid suppression modalities makes it easier for L. monocytogenes to pass through the stomach and invade enterocytes.

• #73 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #74 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  Listeriosis is a foodborne infection caused by Listeria bacteria. […] Listeriosis is caused by Listeria, a type of bacteria that is commonly found in water, soil, and feces. Humans are infected when they consume foods that harbor the bacteria. […] The most common foods to cause listeriosis outbreaks are deli meats and unpasteurized dairy products. However, many other foods have also been found to spark outbreaks, including caramel apples, cantaloupe, and cabbages fertilized by sheep manure. […] Adults who are healthy and have strong immune systems are less at risk of listeriosis. The following are associated with an increased risk of Listeria infection: age over 65 years, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), existing kidney disease, chemotherapy, cirrhosis, diabetes, surgical removal of the spleen, Medication for rheumatoid arthritis and immunosuppressant drugs.

• #75 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  Listeriosis is a foodborne infection caused by Listeria bacteria. […] Listeriosis is caused by Listeria, a type of bacteria that is commonly found in water, soil, and feces. Humans are infected when they consume foods that harbor the bacteria. […] The most common foods to cause listeriosis outbreaks are deli meats and unpasteurized dairy products. However, many other foods have also been found to spark outbreaks, including caramel apples, cantaloupe, and cabbages fertilized by sheep manure. […] Adults who are healthy and have strong immune systems are less at risk of listeriosis. The following are associated with an increased risk of Listeria infection: age over 65 years, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), existing kidney disease, chemotherapy, cirrhosis, diabetes, surgical removal of the spleen, Medication for rheumatoid arthritis and immunosuppressant drugs.

• #76 Farm Health Online – Animal Health and Welfare Knowledge Hub – Listeriosis in sheep

  https://www.farmhealthonline.com/US/disease-management/sheep-diseases/listeriosis-in-sheep/

  Listeriosis is caused by the contamination of feedstuffs by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, which is widely distributed in nature and is found in soil, feedstuffs and feces from healthy animals (Wardrope and Macleod, 1983). […] Listeria can survive for up to three months in stored livestock manure (Nicholson et al., 2005). […] Silage may become a source of infection if soil containing the organism is included (Low and Donachie, 1991, Wagner et al., 2005). […] Improperly prepared silage having a pH value greater than 5.4 and silage which has become spoiled due to prolonged exposure to air (Clarkson and Faull, 1987; Low and Renton, 1985) will enable the organism to multiply. […] The prevalence of L. monocytogenes on ruminant farms is seasonal, and associated with farm management practices, animal health and hygiene and feedstuff quality and storage. […] It is often seen around lambing time when sheep are housed and fed silage or haylage. […] The epidemiology and transmission of L. monocytogenes differ between small-ruminant and cattle farms (Nightingale et al., 2004; Nightingale et al., 2005).

• #77 Nervous Disease in Sheep

  https://www.nadis.org.uk/disease-a-z/sheep/nervous-disease-in-sheep/

  The nervous form of listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease, most commonly but not exclusively, associated with silage feeding. Disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that lives in a plant-soil environment. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage (pH 5.0) enhances multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes. […] This bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, can also cause septicaemia due to infections in the intestinal tract and abortions. […] Diagnosis of listeriosis is based on veterinary examination of the live animal. Listeriosis can be confirmed as the cause of death in sheep by examination of the brain. […] Outbreaks occur more than 14 days after feeding poor quality silage. The risk of listeriosis is reduced if contamination of silage with soil or manure is minimised during production and feed out. […] The use of additives for grass silage is likely to produce a more acid pH which discourages multiplication of L. monocytogenes.

• #78 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #79 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #80 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #81 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #82 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #83 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #84 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #85 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #86 Listeriosis | Sheep diseases | Animal diseases | Biosecurity | Agriculture Victoria

  https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/animal-diseases/sheep-diseases/listeriosis

  Listeria is a common bacterium found in the gut of normal sheep. […] Feeding silage with a pH above 5.5 is often associated with outbreaks of listeriosis. […] Other predisposing factors for clinical listeriosis in sheep include: sudden change in weather, change in feeding regime, introduction of carrier animals, confinement, overcrowding, poor sanitation, stress, advanced pregnancy, feeding silage, access to rotting hay or vegetation, and feeding sheep on the ground. […] Recent outbreaks may be due to the good previous season, leading to standing rank and rotting dry matter in paddocks. […] However, in almost all cases seen, sheep have been in containment (risk of overcrowding and poor sanitation) and being fed a mix of hay, silage and grain (potentially contaminated). […] Control involves minimising the predisposing factors with the aim to minimise this outbreak and prevent another outbreak.

• #87 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes can infect the brain, spinal-cord membranes and bloodstream of the host through the ingestion of contaminated food such as unpasteurized dairy or raw foods. […] The infectious dose of L. monocytogenes varies with the strain and with the susceptibility of the victim. From cases contracted through raw or supposedly pasteurized milk, one may safely assume that, in susceptible persons, fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease. […] The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes centers on its ability to survive and multiply in phagocytic host cells.

• #88 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes can infect the brain, spinal-cord membranes and bloodstream of the host through the ingestion of contaminated food such as unpasteurized dairy or raw foods. […] The infectious dose of L. monocytogenes varies with the strain and with the susceptibility of the victim. From cases contracted through raw or supposedly pasteurized milk, one may safely assume that, in susceptible persons, fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease. […] The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes centers on its ability to survive and multiply in phagocytic host cells.

• #89 Listeriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases. […] The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, fruit, and seafood. […] L. monocytogenes is believed to enter the host cells once it reaches the gastrointestinal tract within the human body. The pathogen recognizes eukaryotic receptors on the surface of a host cell and enters the cell through phagocytosis. […] In healthy individuals, L. monocytogenes bacterium in the bloodstream are taken up by macrophages and eliminated from the body; however, in immunocompromised individuals, the pathogen permeates through the body, inducing numerous conditions leading to the fatal nature of listeriosis infection. […] L. monocytogenes is classified in the phylum Actinobacteria and is of the order Bacillales with other gram-positive, low GC content and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

• #90 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #91 Listeriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases. […] The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, fruit, and seafood. […] L. monocytogenes is believed to enter the host cells once it reaches the gastrointestinal tract within the human body. The pathogen recognizes eukaryotic receptors on the surface of a host cell and enters the cell through phagocytosis. […] In healthy individuals, L. monocytogenes bacterium in the bloodstream are taken up by macrophages and eliminated from the body; however, in immunocompromised individuals, the pathogen permeates through the body, inducing numerous conditions leading to the fatal nature of listeriosis infection. […] L. monocytogenes is classified in the phylum Actinobacteria and is of the order Bacillales with other gram-positive, low GC content and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

• #92 Listeriosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases. […] The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, fruit, and seafood. […] L. monocytogenes is believed to enter the host cells once it reaches the gastrointestinal tract within the human body. The pathogen recognizes eukaryotic receptors on the surface of a host cell and enters the cell through phagocytosis. […] In healthy individuals, L. monocytogenes bacterium in the bloodstream are taken up by macrophages and eliminated from the body; however, in immunocompromised individuals, the pathogen permeates through the body, inducing numerous conditions leading to the fatal nature of listeriosis infection. […] L. monocytogenes is classified in the phylum Actinobacteria and is of the order Bacillales with other gram-positive, low GC content and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

• #93 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #94 Listeria monocytogenes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes

  Listeria monocytogenes can infect the brain, spinal-cord membranes and bloodstream of the host through the ingestion of contaminated food such as unpasteurized dairy or raw foods. […] The infectious dose of L. monocytogenes varies with the strain and with the susceptibility of the victim. From cases contracted through raw or supposedly pasteurized milk, one may safely assume that, in susceptible persons, fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease. […] The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes centers on its ability to survive and multiply in phagocytic host cells.

• #95 Listeria (listeriosis): Symptoms, causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180370

  L. monocytogenes is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. […] Listeria has been found in at least 42 species of wild and domesticated animals, and 17 species of birds. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts contain L. monocytogenes. […] L. monocytogenes typically enters the host through the intestines and infects the liver first. […] However, in immunocompromised or other at-risk individuals, the infection may continue and eventually move to the brain. […] The Listeria bacterium can enter and survive within immune cells such as macrophages. […] This ability to live within human cells makes it unusual, dangerous, and very difficult to treat.

• #96 Investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2494267/

  From December 1986 to March 1987 an outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infection occurred in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. […] Thus, the identified risk factors may have been associated with carriage of L. monocytogenes and a coinfecting organism may have precipitated disseminated disease. […] Possible cofactors should be considered in investigations of future outbreaks of listeriosis.

• #97 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #98 Animal health: Listeriosis | ontario.ca

  https://www.ontario.ca/page/animal-health-listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a disease that affects a variety of animals and can cause neurological problems, abortion and other symptoms. […] Listeria monocytogenes is the bacterium that causes listeriosis. It is found throughout the environment, especially in soil, manure and spoiled silage or hay. […] People become infected with the bacteria through eating contaminated vegetables, consuming unpasteurized milk or milk products, and through improperly cooked meats or foods contaminated after processing, such as hot dogs, deli meats and cheese.

• #99 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #100 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  L. monocytogenes can infect many animal species. […] Listeriosis is one of the most common causes of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in adult ruminants. […] L. monocytogenes rarely cause disease in dogs and cats and, even when infected, pets usually have only mild gastrointestinal signs, such as diarrhea and vomiting.

• #101 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #102 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #103 Listeriosis in Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/listeriosis/listeriosis-in-animals

  Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection that affects a wide range of animals, including humans and birds. […] Listeria monocytogenes is a small, motile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, extremely resistant, diphtheroid coccobacillus that grows in a wide temperature range 444C (39111F). […] The natural reservoirs of L monocytogenes appear to be soil and mammalian GI tracts, both of which contaminate vegetation. […] Listeriosis is primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. […] The less acidic pH of spoiled silage enhances multiplication of L monocytogenes. […] Infections acquired via ingestion tend to localize in the intestinal wall and result in prolonged fecal excretion. […] It has been postulated that contaminated silage results in latent infections, often approaching 100% of the exposed herd or flock; however, clinical signs of listeriosis may be seen in only a few animals. […] The uterus of all domestic animals, especially ruminants, is susceptible to infection with L monocytogenes at all stages of pregnancy, which can result in placentitis, fetal infection and death, abortion, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, metritis, and possibly viable carriers.

• #104 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  L. monocytogenes can infect many animal species. […] Listeriosis is one of the most common causes of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in adult ruminants. […] L. monocytogenes rarely cause disease in dogs and cats and, even when infected, pets usually have only mild gastrointestinal signs, such as diarrhea and vomiting.

• #105 Listeriosis (Listeria infection)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/listeriosis/fact_sheet.htm

  Listeriosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. People become infected by eating foods contaminated with the bacteria. […] Listeria bacteria can be found in water and soil. Infected animals, even if they are not sick, may carry the bacteria, spread it, and contaminate foods. […] Eating food contaminated with the bacteria, such as through raw (unpasteurized) milk or contaminated vegetables, is often a source for cases. The bacteria may be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or directly to the newborn at the time of birth.

• #106 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  Listeriosis is usually caused by eating food contaminated with listeria bacteria. […] Listeria can contaminate a wide range of foods, but most infections are caused by eating chilled, ready-to-eat foods, such as: cold, cooked sliced meats and cured meats, smoked and cured fish including in sushi, cooked shellfish, soft mould-ripened cheeses (such as camembert and brie) and blue-veined cheeses, pre-prepared sandwiches and salads, pre-cut fruit (such as pre-packed melon slices), unpasteurised milk, dairy products made from unpasteurised milk. […] Although it’s less common, you can also catch listeriosis from someone else who has it for example, if you eat food they’ve handled when they’ve not washed their hands, or close contact with farm animals especially sheep and cows that are giving birth.

• #107 Listeriosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. Listeriosis is typically a food-borne illness and usually affects those with impaired immunity. […] The consumption of contaminated food is thought to be the main route of transmission. The bacterium can survive acidic, salty, and cold food-processing techniques and can continue multiplying even with proper refrigeration. […] L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from mother to baby, via the placenta or vaginal infection. […] Rarely, L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from animals to humans. […] Most cases of cutaneous listeriosis in adults result from direct inoculation of the skin. This is most commonly seen in veterinarians or farmers who come in contact with birthing animals, products related to animal conceptions and births, or soil carrying the bacteria.

• #108 Listeriosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. Listeriosis is typically a food-borne illness and usually affects those with impaired immunity. […] The consumption of contaminated food is thought to be the main route of transmission. The bacterium can survive acidic, salty, and cold food-processing techniques and can continue multiplying even with proper refrigeration. […] L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from mother to baby, via the placenta or vaginal infection. […] Rarely, L. monocytogenes may also be transmitted from animals to humans. […] Most cases of cutaneous listeriosis in adults result from direct inoculation of the skin. This is most commonly seen in veterinarians or farmers who come in contact with birthing animals, products related to animal conceptions and births, or soil carrying the bacteria.

• #109 Listeriosis (Listeria infection)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/listeriosis/fact_sheet.htm

  Listeriosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. People become infected by eating foods contaminated with the bacteria. […] Listeria bacteria can be found in water and soil. Infected animals, even if they are not sick, may carry the bacteria, spread it, and contaminate foods. […] Eating food contaminated with the bacteria, such as through raw (unpasteurized) milk or contaminated vegetables, is often a source for cases. The bacteria may be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or directly to the newborn at the time of birth.

• #110 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #111 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #112 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #113 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Youve probably heard of Salmonella and are familiar with the symptoms of salmonellosis. But you may not have heard much about the lesser known foodborne illness listeriosis caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] In 1929, A. Nyfeldt reported the first confirmed cases of listeriosis in people. But L. monocytogenes werent identified as a major cause of foodborne illness in people until the 1980s when several large outbreaks occurred. […] Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Even with adequate antibiotic treatment, the disease has a high mortality rate of 20 to 30 percent. […] People become infected with L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat (both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters); Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.

• #114 Listeriosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/listeriosis?language=fr

  Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] The infectious agent responsible for listeriosis is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a 1 to 2 m-long bacillus that can multiply at low temperatures (4C). […] L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food processing environments, meaning that it can cause foodborne infections, especially via contaminated dairy or meat products, and also outbreaks in cases where there has been widespread distribution of contaminated food. […] The most frequent contamination route in humans is the ingestion of contaminated food. […] In France, the food products most commonly contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes are dairy products (especially soft and raw milk cheeses), cooked meat products (tongue, head meat, potted meat products), raw or smoked fish, chilled sprouted seeds, and raw or rare meat. […] The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was first described in the 1920s, but listeriosis has only been considered a serious public health problem since 1981, when the foodborne origin of infection in humans was revealed during an outbreak in Canada.

• #115 About Listeria Infection | Listeria Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/index.html

  Listeria infection is caused by eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The infection can be very serious for some groups of people. […] Listeria are bacteria (germs) that can contaminate many foods. […] People who eat those foods can get infected with the bacteria. […] Listeria infection is rare, but serious. […] Listeria infection is the third leading cause of death from foodborne illness in the United States.

• #116 About Listeria Infection | Listeria Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/index.html

  Listeria infection is caused by eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The infection can be very serious for some groups of people. […] Listeria are bacteria (germs) that can contaminate many foods. […] People who eat those foods can get infected with the bacteria. […] Listeria infection is rare, but serious. […] Listeria infection is the third leading cause of death from foodborne illness in the United States.

• #117 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis, is an important pathogen in pregnant patients, neonates, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals, although it is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. […] Patients with cancer, particularly those of blood, also are at high risk for listeriosis. […] It typically is a food-borne organism. […] Listeria infection ranks as the third leading cause of mortality from foodborne illnesses in the United States, and there are 1,600 cases of Listeria infection and 260 fatalities due to the infection each year. […] Most infections occur after oral ingestion, with access to the systemic circulation after intestinal penetration. […] Healthy individuals may experience minor gastrointestinal symptoms when infected with Listeria. However, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for more severe infections, such as bacteraemia and meningitis, whereas pregnant people may experience miscarriage and stillbirth.

• #118 What Causes Listeria? Study Points to Most Common Source

  https://www.foodandwine.com/what-causes-listeria-study-6755108

  According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology, salads and soft cheeses are two of the foods most commonly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria that causes listeriosis infections. […] After analyzing the data, they determined that the vast majority of reported listeriosis infections over 90% were connected to deli meats, followed by salads, the cheeses and the seafood, and then frozen vegetables. […] The FDA describes listeriosis as „rare but very serious.” Around 1,600 people in the United States get listeriosis every year. The hospitalization rate is around 90 percent, while the fatality rate can be between 20 and 30 percent „even with adequate antibiotic treatment.” […] In addition to the foods listed above, the FDA and the CDC also list raw sprouts, refrigerated pt, fruit salad, and cantaloupe among the foods that can be contaminated with the bacteria. „Pasteurization, cooking, and most disinfecting agents kill L. monocytogenes,” the FDA explains. „However, in some ready-to-eat food, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after the food is cooked in the factory but before its packaged.”

• #119 What Causes Listeria? Study Points to Most Common Source

  https://www.foodandwine.com/what-causes-listeria-study-6755108

  According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology, salads and soft cheeses are two of the foods most commonly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria that causes listeriosis infections. […] After analyzing the data, they determined that the vast majority of reported listeriosis infections over 90% were connected to deli meats, followed by salads, the cheeses and the seafood, and then frozen vegetables. […] The FDA describes listeriosis as „rare but very serious.” Around 1,600 people in the United States get listeriosis every year. The hospitalization rate is around 90 percent, while the fatality rate can be between 20 and 30 percent „even with adequate antibiotic treatment.” […] In addition to the foods listed above, the FDA and the CDC also list raw sprouts, refrigerated pt, fruit salad, and cantaloupe among the foods that can be contaminated with the bacteria. „Pasteurization, cooking, and most disinfecting agents kill L. monocytogenes,” the FDA explains. „However, in some ready-to-eat food, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after the food is cooked in the factory but before its packaged.”

• #120 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #121 Listeria Monocytogenes Infection (Listeriosis): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220684-overview

  Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and pregnant women, have a mortality rate of 20-30% when infected with Listeria. […] The overall mortality rate of L monocytogenes infection is 15-20%. Listeria accounts for 19% of all deaths due to food-borne infection. […] Pregnant women account for 27% of all cases, and most occur during the third trimester. Seventy percent of all nonperinatal infections occur in immunocompromised patients. […] Other risk factors include advanced age, recent chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and organ transplantation.

• #122

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Foodborne listeriosis is one of the most serious and severe foodborne diseases. It is caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. […] Eating contaminated food with high numbers of L. monocytogenes is the main route of infection. […] L. monocytogenes are ubiquitous in nature and found in soil, water and animal digestive tracts. […] The initial diagnosis of listeriosis is made based on clinical symptoms and detection of the bacteria in a smear from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), meconium of newborns (or the fetus in abortion cases), as well as from faeces, vomitus, foods or animal feed. […] Pregnant women are about 20 times more likely to contract listeriosis than other healthy adults. […] People with HIV are at least 300 times more likely to get ill than those with a normally functioning immune system. […] Due to the long incubation period, it is challenging to identify the food which was the actual source of the infection.

• #123 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Infection via L. monocytogenes (listeriosis) includes but is not limited to sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis, spontaneous abortion, or fever and self-limiting gastroenteritis in a healthy adult. Populations at the most risk for L. monocytogenes infection include pregnant females, infants, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly.

• #124 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive rod that is responsible for causing the infection listeriosis. […] Listeria commonly causes meningitis in the young (neonates), elderly, and immunocompromised patient population. Healthy individuals infected with L. monocytogenes typically have a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection with fever and diarrhea. […] The Listeria family consists of 10 different species with L. monocytogenes found most consistently in humans. L. monocytogenes has 13 different serotypes based on a variety of flagellar and surface antigens. However, there are only three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4a) that inflict disease in humans. […] In general, the infectious dose of L. monocytogenes is large, meaning one must ingest a large number to cause clinical infection, but as growth and division can continue at refrigerator temperatures, these levels can be reached despite typical food storage precautions. Host immune response also affects the infectious dose. Utilization of proton pump inhibitors or other stomach acid suppression modalities makes it easier for L. monocytogenes to pass through the stomach and invade enterocytes.

• #125 Listeriosis – 9.383 – Extension

  https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/nutrition-food-safety-health/listeriosis-9-383/

  Listeriosis, the disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a life-threatening disease for individuals with compromised immune systems. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, an uncommon but potentially fatal disease in immunocompromised individuals. […] The pathogen has increasingly been implicated in recalls of perishable ready-to-eat foods. […] Infection with Listeria is life-threatening and primarily affects newborn infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. […] The death rate of listeriosis among these individuals is high, from 20-25% if untreated. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes two forms of listeriosis: non-invasive gastrointestinal listeriosis and invasive listeriosis. […] Within the last 25 years, food has been recognized as a primary mode of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes in humans.

• #126 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Infection via L. monocytogenes (listeriosis) includes but is not limited to sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis, spontaneous abortion, or fever and self-limiting gastroenteritis in a healthy adult. Populations at the most risk for L. monocytogenes infection include pregnant females, infants, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly.

• #127 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Infection via L. monocytogenes (listeriosis) includes but is not limited to sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis, spontaneous abortion, or fever and self-limiting gastroenteritis in a healthy adult. Populations at the most risk for L. monocytogenes infection include pregnant females, infants, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly.

• #128 Listeria Monocytogenes – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/

  Infection via L. monocytogenes (listeriosis) includes but is not limited to sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis, spontaneous abortion, or fever and self-limiting gastroenteritis in a healthy adult. Populations at the most risk for L. monocytogenes infection include pregnant females, infants, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly.

• #129 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes infection – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-listeria-monocytogenes-infection

  Listeria monocytogenes is an important bacterial pathogen in neonates, immunosuppressed patients, older adults, pregnant patients, and, occasionally, previously healthy individuals. […] L. monocytogenes causes invasive disease including meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and bacteremia in susceptible patients, such as immunosuppressed patients, individuals at the extremes of age (neonates and older adults), and pregnant patients. […] A number of diseases and medications are risk factors for Listeria infection; these are discussed separately. […] Listeria is also a cause of self-limited febrile gastroenteritis in normal hosts who ingest high numbers of organisms. […] The importance of age was illustrated in a four-state, multicenter survey of bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Listeria accounted for 22 percent of cases in older adults, 23 percent in neonates, and only 4 percent between the ages of 2 and 60.

• #130 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #131 Listeria and Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/listeria-and-pregnancy

  Listeria is a kind of bacteria that is found in soil, water, and some animals, including cattle and poultry. When eaten, Listeria causes a foodborne illness called listeriosis. Listeriosis is one of the most serious types of food poisoning. […] Pregnant women are 10 times more likely to get listeriosis than the general population. Listeriosis also can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor. […] Listeriosis is a type of illness you can get from bacteria found in unpasteurized milk, hot dogs, luncheon meats, and smoked seafood.

• #132 Listeriosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/listeriosis/

  If you get listeriosis while you’re pregnant, there is a risk it could cause miscarriage or stillbirth. […] In babies and people with a weakened immune system, listeriosis can sometimes lead to serious and life-threatening problems such as sepsis or meningitis. […] If you’re pregnant or have a weakened immune system, you should avoid eating ready-to-eat cold-smoked or cured fish products, such as smoked salmon or gravlax (unless cooked until steaming hot). […] If you’re pregnant, you should also avoid eating other foods that have the highest risk of causing listeriosis.

• #133 Listeria and Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/listeria-and-pregnancy

  Listeria is a kind of bacteria that is found in soil, water, and some animals, including cattle and poultry. When eaten, Listeria causes a foodborne illness called listeriosis. Listeriosis is one of the most serious types of food poisoning. […] Pregnant women are 10 times more likely to get listeriosis than the general population. Listeriosis also can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor. […] Listeriosis is a type of illness you can get from bacteria found in unpasteurized milk, hot dogs, luncheon meats, and smoked seafood.

• #134 Listeria and Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/listeria-and-pregnancy

  Listeria is a kind of bacteria that is found in soil, water, and some animals, including cattle and poultry. When eaten, Listeria causes a foodborne illness called listeriosis. Listeriosis is one of the most serious types of food poisoning. […] Pregnant women are 10 times more likely to get listeriosis than the general population. Listeriosis also can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm labor. […] Listeriosis is a type of illness you can get from bacteria found in unpasteurized milk, hot dogs, luncheon meats, and smoked seafood.

• #135 Listeria and listeriosis | Queensland Health

  https://www.health.qld.gov.au/newsroom/news/listeria-listeriosis-what-you-need-to-know-food-poisoning

  Listeriosis is a serious infection in humans caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. It usually causes only a mild illness but may progress to more serious infection (known as invasive listeriosis), including meningitis. […] Listeriosis is primarily a foodborne disease transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food such as ready-to-eat processed meats (for example, packaged or freshly deli-sliced meats like ham and salami), soft cheeses, pre-prepared salads, raw vegetables, pate and shellfish. […] Pregnant women who contract listeriosis may only experience mild symptoms or infection, or even no symptoms at all. Despite this, the risk of transmitting the infection to the unborn baby is high. Listeriosis can pass from mother to baby via the placenta. Unborn babies and newborns have underdeveloped immune systems, which means they are more vulnerable to serious infection. Listeriosis in pregnancy can lead to devastating outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, or a very ill newborn.

• #136 Get the Facts about Listeria | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-listeria

  Listeriosis occurs almost exclusively in pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems (such as those with cancer or other diseases). […] Pregnant women are 18 times more likely to get listeriosis than other healthy adults, and 16 to 27% of all L. monocytogenes infections are in pregnant women. […] While listeriosis in the mother is mild, infection in the fetus and newborn can be severe. […] Listeriosis is one of the most common causes of meningitis in newborns. […] The elderly and people with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of getting a more severe form of listeriosis, including: Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) […] In a joint risk assessment report on L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization found that the elderly (people 60 years and older) were 2.6 times more likely to get listeriosis than the general healthy population.

• #137 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #138 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #139 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #140 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #141 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #142 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #143 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #144 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #145 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #146 Listeriosis – baby, symptoms, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis

  http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Listeriosis.html

  Listeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. […] Listeriosis is considered a food-borne illness because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. […] As noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. […] Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. […] Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. […] Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5 percent of the cases. […] Diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.

• #147 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #148 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #149 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Listeriosis.aspx

  Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes represents one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in the world. […] Fecal carriage and serologic assessment indicate that although many individuals are exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, only a few develop invasive infection. […] Most infections are observed in neonates, older adults, pregnant women and those with immunocompromising conditions, which are all groups where listeriosis can manifest as a severe illness including bacteremia, meningitis, fetal loss, and death. […] The most common non-meningitic form of CNS listeriosis is encephalitis, most frequently affecting the rhombencephalon. […] A myriad of other clinical syndromes that are associated with invasive adult listeriosis are osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscesses, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, endocarditis, and rare ocular infections that can be sight-threatening.

• #150 Listeriosis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/listeriosis

  Listeriosis is an infection that can occur when a person eats food that has been contaminated with bacteria called Listeria monocytogenes (L monocytogenes). […] The bacteria L monocytogenes is found in wild animals, domesticated animals, and in soil and water. These bacteria make many animals sick, leading to miscarriage and stillbirth in domestic animals. […] Vegetables, meats, and other foods can get infected with the bacteria if they come in contact with contaminated soil or manure. Raw milk or products made from raw milk may carry these bacteria. […] The bacteria most often cause a gastrointestinal illness. In some cases, you can develop a blood infection (septicemia) or inflammation of the covering of the brain (meningitis). […] Infection in early pregnancy may cause a miscarriage. The bacteria may cross the placenta and infect the developing baby. Infections in late pregnancy may lead to stillbirth or death of the infant within a few hours of birth. […] In adults, the disease may take many forms, depending on what organ or organ systems are infected.

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