Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21972-claudication

  Claudication is muscle pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest. Vascular claudication is usually a symptom of serious blood flow problems, especially peripheral artery disease (PAD). Claudication may lead to critical limb ischemia. Claudication is a classic symptom of peripheral artery disease (a narrowing of the blood vessels in your legs) and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Claudication causes include circulation issues that keep your body from getting the amount of oxygen it needs. When people with poor circulation are more active, they feel pain. The pain goes away when you rest because your circulation can keep up with the lower oxygen demand. Claudication is also a concern because the pain it causes when walking often keeps people from being active. Stopping physical activity only makes the claudication worse. Claudication treatment can start with things you can do yourself. If your case becomes more severe, you may need medicine or a procedure. Treating claudication is important because it usually means you have peripheral artery disease or another circulatory disease that can be life-changing and even deadly. Claudication won’t go away by itself. You’ll need some level of treatment to manage it. Treatment for claudication gives many people a good prognosis (outlook). But it’s important to remember that peripheral artery disease (which causes claudication) is a lifelong condition. PAD progresses faster in some people than others. The expected length of your life depends on your specific situation. This includes any other diseases you have. Leg pain can come back if you stop taking walks. And claudication can get worse with tobacco use. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent or delay the worsening of claudication symptoms to the point where they impact your life.

• #2 Claudication – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952

  Claudication is pain caused by too little blood flow to muscles during exercise. Most often this pain occurs in the legs after walking at a certain pace and for a certain amount of time depending on the severity of the condition. […] The condition is also called intermittent claudication because the pain usually isn’t constant. It begins during exercise and ends with rest. As claudication worsens, however, the pain may occur during rest. […] The pain may become more severe over time. You may even start to have pain at rest. […] Signs or symptoms of peripheral artery disease, usually in more-advanced stages, include: […] Claudication is generally considered a warning of significant atherosclerosis, indicating an increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

• #3 Intermittent Claudication – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430778/

  Intermittent claudication (IC) typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise. IC presents when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the skeletal muscles. IC is a common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which includes atherosclerotic stenosis of arteries in the extremities. IC is commonly localized to the thigh, hip, buttock, and calf muscles. Pain within these muscle groups is reproducibly induced by walking and relieved with rest. […] The key feature of intermittent claudication is that the muscle discomfort is reproducible. The pain usually comes on during physical activity and subsides after a period of rest. The key reason for the pain is inadequate blood flow. Intermittent claudication is a very common problem seen in patients with diabetes mellitus and people who smoke.

• #4 Intermittent claudication – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_claudication

  Intermittent claudication, also known as vascular claudication, is a symptom that describes muscle pain on mild exertion (ache, cramp, numbness or sense of fatigue), classically in the calf muscle, which occurs during exercise, such as walking, and is relieved by a short period of rest. It is classically associated with early-stage peripheral artery disease, and can progress to critical limb ischemia unless treated or risk factors are modified and maintained. […] One in five of the middle-aged (65-75 years) population of the United Kingdom have evidence of peripheral arterial disease on clinical examination, although only a quarter of them have symptoms. The most common symptom is muscle pain in the lower limbs on exercise – intermittent claudication.

• #5 Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21972-claudication

  Claudication is muscle pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest. Vascular claudication is usually a symptom of serious blood flow problems, especially peripheral artery disease (PAD). Claudication may lead to critical limb ischemia. Claudication is a classic symptom of peripheral artery disease (a narrowing of the blood vessels in your legs) and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Claudication causes include circulation issues that keep your body from getting the amount of oxygen it needs. When people with poor circulation are more active, they feel pain. The pain goes away when you rest because your circulation can keep up with the lower oxygen demand. Claudication is also a concern because the pain it causes when walking often keeps people from being active. Stopping physical activity only makes the claudication worse. Claudication treatment can start with things you can do yourself. If your case becomes more severe, you may need medicine or a procedure. Treating claudication is important because it usually means you have peripheral artery disease or another circulatory disease that can be life-changing and even deadly. Claudication won’t go away by itself. You’ll need some level of treatment to manage it. Treatment for claudication gives many people a good prognosis (outlook). But it’s important to remember that peripheral artery disease (which causes claudication) is a lifelong condition. PAD progresses faster in some people than others. The expected length of your life depends on your specific situation. This includes any other diseases you have. Leg pain can come back if you stop taking walks. And claudication can get worse with tobacco use. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent or delay the worsening of claudication symptoms to the point where they impact your life.

• #6 Intermittent Claudication – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430778/

  Intermittent claudication (IC) typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise. IC presents when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the skeletal muscles. IC is a common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which includes atherosclerotic stenosis of arteries in the extremities. IC is commonly localized to the thigh, hip, buttock, and calf muscles. Pain within these muscle groups is reproducibly induced by walking and relieved with rest. […] The key feature of intermittent claudication is that the muscle discomfort is reproducible. The pain usually comes on during physical activity and subsides after a period of rest. The key reason for the pain is inadequate blood flow. Intermittent claudication is a very common problem seen in patients with diabetes mellitus and people who smoke.

• #7 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics/print

  Claudication is the development of pain deep in the muscles of the leg (calves, thighs, or buttocks) during activity; the pain is relieved by resting the legs. Claudication, which literally means „to limp,” is one of the symptoms of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is when blockages in the arteries prevent blood from easily flowing through. […] The pain and discomfort associated with claudication from PAD varies from person to person. It is usually described as a gradually restrictive, cramp-like pain in the calf or thigh that occurs with activity and is relieved with rest. It can also present with gradually restrictive, cramp-like buttock pain that occurs with activity and is relieved with rest. Some people have severe, debilitating discomfort while others have minimal symptoms.

• #8 Intermittent Claudication: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://www.medicinenet.com/claudication/article.htm

  Muscle Cramp Pain and cramping in the legs is the main symptom of claudication. Claudication is pain and/or cramping in the lower leg due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles. The pain usually causes the person to limp. The word „claudication” comes from the Latin „claudicare” meaning to limp. It is typically felt while walking and subsides with rest. It is commonly referred to as „intermittent” claudication because it comes and goes with exertion and rest. In severe cases, the pain is also felt at rest. […] The severity of the peripheral artery disease, the location of the plaque, and the activity of the muscles determine the severity of symptoms and the location of the pain. […] Pain and cramping in the legs is the main symptom of claudication. Pain can be sharp or dull, aching or throbbing, or burning. The severity of the peripheral artery disease, the location of the plaque, and the activity of the muscles determine the severity of symptoms and the location of the pain.

• #9 Claudication: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326553

  Claudication is muscular pain, cramping, or fatigue that typically occurs during exercise and goes away with rest. […] Claudication is primarily a symptom of conditions that reduce blood flow in the legs, especially peripheral artery disease (PAD). […] In some cases, symptoms first develop as weakness or tiredness during exercise. They then progress to more painful symptoms without proper rest. […] Claudication tends to only impact one leg, or one leg more than the other if both are involved. Symptoms often gradually worsen over the years, progressing back and forth between periods of improvement and flareups. […] Though claudication symptoms often worsen over time, the amount or type of exercise that triggers them tends to stay the same. However, as claudication progresses, symptoms typically become more severe and may also occur during rest.

• #10 What Is Claudication? | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/claudication

  If you have blockages in your leg arteries or in the arteries leading to the legs, you may not be able to get enough oxygen-rich blood down to your legs. The decrease in oxygen to your legs will often result in claudication. […] Claudication is a term used to describe discomfort felt in leg muscles when you walk due to a circulation problem in your legs. Claudication can be described as a decrease in blood flow to the muscles to meet the demand of the working muscle. […] Symptoms may occur in one or both legs and are most often described as cramps, a burning sensation, achy, or a feeling of heaviness in the leg. […] Typically, people with claudication are able to walk a certain distance, perhaps three blocks, before the cramping becomes so severe they must stop and rest. When they rest until the pain goes away, they may walk exactly the same distance again before having to stop and rest. The distance a person is able to walk varies with the severity of the blockages in the arteries. Most people with claudication experience no leg discomfort when they are at rest.

• #11 Intermittent Claudication Information

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/article/intermittent-claudication/

  Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Intermittent claudication is a tight, aching, or squeezing pain in the calf, foot, thigh, or buttock that occurs during exercise, such as walking up a steep hill or a flight of stairs. This pain usually occurs after the same amount of exercise and is usually relieved by rest. […] People with intermittent claudication usually describe the pain as a deep aching that gradually gets worse until they rest. Sometimes, the leg may also cramp or feel weak. […] If peripheral arterial disease gets worse and you have more limited blood flow, the pain can appear earlier and earlier. It will likely be harder to walk long distances. […] Pain at rest, without exercise, means that arterial blockage is advanced. If effective treatment is not started, tissue death can happen. You may have cold, tingly, weak, or numb feet or toes. You may notice sores that are slow to heal. The skin on your legs or feet might change color. It may be pale, bluish, or purplish. Your skin may look shiny or have blisters.

• #12 Peripheral Artery Disease, Mankato – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/mankato/services-and-treatments/radiology-and-imaging/interventional-radiology/peripheral-artery-disease

  The severity of claudication varies widely, from mild discomfort to debilitating pain. Severe claudication can make it hard for you to walk or do other types of physical activity. […] If peripheral artery disease progresses, pain may even occur when you’re at rest or when you’re lying down (ischemic rest pain). It may be intense enough to disrupt sleep. Hanging your legs over the edge of your bed or walking around your room may temporarily relieve the pain.

• #13 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics/print

  The severity of your symptoms will depend upon several factors, including how many arteries are affected, how narrowed your arteries are, how well your circulation compensates for the blockage(s) (ie, development of collaterals), how much or how quickly you walk, how much weight you carry, and whether you walk up an incline or stairs. […] Claudication pain in the upper two thirds of the calf is usually due to the narrowing of the artery in the mid-thigh (the superficial femoral artery), whereas pain in the lower third of the calf is due to disease in the artery behind the knee (the popliteal artery). […] Cilostazol is the most effective medication for the treatment of claudication symptoms, particularly when combined with exercise. Your healthcare provider may also recommend cilostazol if your ability to walk is limited.

• #14 Intermittent Claudication – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430778/

  Intermittent claudication (IC) typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise. IC presents when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the skeletal muscles. IC is a common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which includes atherosclerotic stenosis of arteries in the extremities. IC is commonly localized to the thigh, hip, buttock, and calf muscles. Pain within these muscle groups is reproducibly induced by walking and relieved with rest. […] The key feature of intermittent claudication is that the muscle discomfort is reproducible. The pain usually comes on during physical activity and subsides after a period of rest. The key reason for the pain is inadequate blood flow. Intermittent claudication is a very common problem seen in patients with diabetes mellitus and people who smoke.

• #15 Leg Pain (Claudication) | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/leg-pain-claudication

  The pain of claudication most often occurs in the calf, but it also can occur in your hips, buttocks, thighs, knees, shins, or upper feet. […] Over time, if your PAD worsens, you may begin to feel claudication when you walk increasingly shorter distances. […] While claudication is usually relieved with rest, as peripheral artery disease progresses, you may start to feel leg pain even when you are sitting or lying down. […] Left untreated, claudication can affect your quality of life, limiting your ability to take part in social activities, to exercise, or even work.

• #16 Peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/peripheral-artery-disease-and-intermittent-claudication

  Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a type of atherosclerosis, the condition that causes narrowing of the arteries by cholesterol-rich material called plaque. […] When symptoms do occur, leg cramp pain (intermittent claudication) is the main symptom. At first, this symptom occurs with predictable amounts of exercise (walking a certain distance, up a hill or stairs), and disappears when at rest. […] Intermittent claudication is the most typical symptom of PAD. About one third to one half of people with PAD have this symptom. […] Symptoms may be described as pain, ache, cramping, a sense of fatigue, or nonspecific discomfort that occurs with exercise. […] If exercise is restarted, pain will come back after a while and the cycle is repeated, such that the person can predict the distance after which symptoms reoccur.

• #17 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics/print

  The severity of your symptoms will depend upon several factors, including how many arteries are affected, how narrowed your arteries are, how well your circulation compensates for the blockage(s) (ie, development of collaterals), how much or how quickly you walk, how much weight you carry, and whether you walk up an incline or stairs. […] Claudication pain in the upper two thirds of the calf is usually due to the narrowing of the artery in the mid-thigh (the superficial femoral artery), whereas pain in the lower third of the calf is due to disease in the artery behind the knee (the popliteal artery). […] Cilostazol is the most effective medication for the treatment of claudication symptoms, particularly when combined with exercise. Your healthcare provider may also recommend cilostazol if your ability to walk is limited.

• #18 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics/print

  The severity of your symptoms will depend upon several factors, including how many arteries are affected, how narrowed your arteries are, how well your circulation compensates for the blockage(s) (ie, development of collaterals), how much or how quickly you walk, how much weight you carry, and whether you walk up an incline or stairs. […] Claudication pain in the upper two thirds of the calf is usually due to the narrowing of the artery in the mid-thigh (the superficial femoral artery), whereas pain in the lower third of the calf is due to disease in the artery behind the knee (the popliteal artery). […] Cilostazol is the most effective medication for the treatment of claudication symptoms, particularly when combined with exercise. Your healthcare provider may also recommend cilostazol if your ability to walk is limited.

• #19 Claudication – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952

  Claudication is pain caused by too little blood flow to muscles during exercise. Most often this pain occurs in the legs after walking at a certain pace and for a certain amount of time depending on the severity of the condition. […] The condition is also called intermittent claudication because the pain usually isn’t constant. It begins during exercise and ends with rest. As claudication worsens, however, the pain may occur during rest. […] The pain may become more severe over time. You may even start to have pain at rest. […] Signs or symptoms of peripheral artery disease, usually in more-advanced stages, include: […] Claudication is generally considered a warning of significant atherosclerosis, indicating an increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

• #20 Claudication – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/

  Claudication is a pain, cramp or sense of fatigue in a muscle group of the lower extremity related to sustained exercise and relieved promptly by a few minutes of rest while standing evenly on both feet. […] The general trend is for claudication to worsen gradually over a period of years. Nevertheless, at any given stage claudicatory distance is fairly constant provided the conditions of terrain, incline, and speed of walking are the same. Typically the symptoms progress in episodes with stable periods, or even intervals of improvement, interspersed between exacerbations. Claudication may become acutely more severe, and progress to the point of rest pain, if the patient develops a second segment of arterial obstruction (tandem lesions), sustains thrombosis of a previously stenotic arterial segment, or suddenly loses a major collateral pathway. […] Claudication may worsen as the underlying disorder progresses, or it may remain stable for years in many individuals. If the collateral system gradually enlarges with time, or if greater muscle efficiency can be achieved by the patient through exercise, his claudication may actually improve.

• #21 Peripheral Artery Disease, Mankato – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/mankato/services-and-treatments/radiology-and-imaging/interventional-radiology/peripheral-artery-disease

  The severity of claudication varies widely, from mild discomfort to debilitating pain. Severe claudication can make it hard for you to walk or do other types of physical activity. […] If peripheral artery disease progresses, pain may even occur when you’re at rest or when you’re lying down (ischemic rest pain). It may be intense enough to disrupt sleep. Hanging your legs over the edge of your bed or walking around your room may temporarily relieve the pain.

• #22 Claudication

  https://ketteringhealth.org/conditions/claudication/

  Claudication is pain in your thigh, calf, or buttocks that happens when you walk. It can make you limp. It may be a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This is when narrowed or blocked arteries reduce the blood flow to your legs. […] At first, claudication pain occurs when you walk a certain distance and goes away when you rest. But as the disease gets worse, the pain can occur when you walk shorter distances. Over time, you may no longer be able to walk because the pain is so severe. […] As the condition gets worse, the pain occurs when you walk shorter distances. Over time, it can become too painful to walk. […] Pain when you are resting is a sign that your blocked arteries have become worse.

• #23 Claudication – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/

  Claudication is a pain, cramp or sense of fatigue in a muscle group of the lower extremity related to sustained exercise and relieved promptly by a few minutes of rest while standing evenly on both feet. […] The general trend is for claudication to worsen gradually over a period of years. Nevertheless, at any given stage claudicatory distance is fairly constant provided the conditions of terrain, incline, and speed of walking are the same. Typically the symptoms progress in episodes with stable periods, or even intervals of improvement, interspersed between exacerbations. Claudication may become acutely more severe, and progress to the point of rest pain, if the patient develops a second segment of arterial obstruction (tandem lesions), sustains thrombosis of a previously stenotic arterial segment, or suddenly loses a major collateral pathway. […] Claudication may worsen as the underlying disorder progresses, or it may remain stable for years in many individuals. If the collateral system gradually enlarges with time, or if greater muscle efficiency can be achieved by the patient through exercise, his claudication may actually improve.

• #24 Symptoms of Intermittent Claudication | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/intermittent-claudication/symptoms.html

  Intermittent Claudication itself is a symptom of a narrowing or blockage of an artery. Pain, a burning feeling, or a tired sensation in the legs and buttocks while walking are symptoms of intermittent claudication. […] The affected leg may become pale when elevated and reddened (rubor) when lowered. Additional symptoms that may be present in persons with intermittent claudication include cold feet, impotence in men, and leg pain that occurs at night when in bed. Pain that occurs at rest may be a sign of increasing severity of arterial disease in the leg(s).

• #25 Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Claudication

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ss/slideshow-visual-guide-claudication

  When you exercise, your muscles need lots of oxygen and nutrients to work properly and stay healthy. Claudication stops that from happening — it limits valuable blood flow to your muscles as you exercise. The condition causes pain in your legs, mostly when you walk. Its also known as intermittent claudication because the pain stops when you rest. […] Pain is the most notable symptom of claudication. Its usually in your calves, thighs, buttocks, hips, and feet. Sometimes you may feel it in your shoulders, biceps, and forearms. […] In the later stages of the disease, you could notice: Your skin feels cool to the touch, Pain in your limbs that turns to numbness, Discolored skin, Skin injuries or wounds that dont get better, Pain even when youre at rest. […] In most cases, claudication is a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

• #26 Intermittent Claudication Information

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/article/intermittent-claudication/

  Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Intermittent claudication is a tight, aching, or squeezing pain in the calf, foot, thigh, or buttock that occurs during exercise, such as walking up a steep hill or a flight of stairs. This pain usually occurs after the same amount of exercise and is usually relieved by rest. […] People with intermittent claudication usually describe the pain as a deep aching that gradually gets worse until they rest. Sometimes, the leg may also cramp or feel weak. […] If peripheral arterial disease gets worse and you have more limited blood flow, the pain can appear earlier and earlier. It will likely be harder to walk long distances. […] Pain at rest, without exercise, means that arterial blockage is advanced. If effective treatment is not started, tissue death can happen. You may have cold, tingly, weak, or numb feet or toes. You may notice sores that are slow to heal. The skin on your legs or feet might change color. It may be pale, bluish, or purplish. Your skin may look shiny or have blisters.

• #27 PAD Symptom: Leg Claudication | What is Claudication

  https://www.usavascularcenters.com/pad-symptoms/claudication/

  If left untreated, claudication can worsen to the point where it is noticeable even when resting or trying to sleep. […] Earlier on in the progression of peripheral artery disease, you may only feel this pain or discomfort while you’re exercising. […] Once you get back from your walk, you may feel the urge to sit down and rest your legs. […] Claudication caused by a more advanced case of peripheral artery disease may not dissipate so quickly. […] When your pain lingers even while you’re resting, it’s time to see a vascular doctor to get an evaluation for PAD, one of the top claudication causes. […] As plaque builds up in the arteries, claudication can progress into near-constant pain, which indicates that the muscles are not getting adequate oxygen, even at rest. […] Left untreated, claudication symptoms caused by PAD can lead to non-healing wounds or open sores on the legs, feet, or ankles.

• #28 Peripheral vascular disease – complications, treatments and symptoms | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/peripheral-vascular-disease

  Symptoms may include leg pain, coldness in your lower legs or feet and ulcers that don’t heal. […] The most common symptom is painful cramping in your leg muscles. This is triggered by physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs. The pain usually goes away when you rest your legs. This type of pain is known as 'intermittent claudication’. […] If the blockage is severe, you may have pain in your legs even when resting. This pain can be severe and often happens at night. […] Seek urgent medical care if you have any severe symptoms. These symptoms may suggest that the supply of blood to your legs has become severely restricted. […] PVD can lead to serious complications, such as ulcers sores on your legs and feet that don’t heal properly. […] Making lifestyle changes may help improve your symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

• #29

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/health/medications/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ue4732&lang=en-ca

  Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Intermittent claudication is a tight, aching, or squeezing pain in the calf, foot, thigh, or buttock that occurs during exercise, such as walking up a steep hill or a flight of stairs. This pain usually occurs after the same amount of exercise and is usually relieved by rest. […] People with intermittent claudication usually describe the pain as a deep aching that gradually gets worse until they rest. […] If peripheral arterial disease gets worse and you have more limited blood flow, the pain can appear earlier and earlier. It will likely be harder to walk long distances. […] Pain at rest, without exercise, means that arterial blockage is advanced. If effective treatment is not started, tissue death can happen.

• #30 The Natural History of Intermittent Claudication – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2019-sept/the-natural-history-of-intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication can progress with worsening symptoms that become lifestyle limiting if not appropriately treated. […] Intermittent claudication is a stable or slowly progressive disease. […] Older data suggest that ambulatory decline is slowly progressive. […] McDermott et al followed 676 patients over 2 years, reporting that lower baseline ABI values and PAD with leg pain on exertion and rest were associated with greater mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance than other clinical presentations. […] Moreover, a subset of patients with asymptomatic PAD may be associated with the greatest mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance. […] In short, patients with intermittent claudication are largely stable over the acute and intermediate terms. […] Markers of adverse limb prognosis include diabetes mellitus, severe PAD as measured by low ABI, polyvascular disease, microvascular disease, and continued smoking. […] The symptom complex of claudication, for most patients, slowly and progressively declines over time.

• #31 Management of symptomatic peripheral artery disease: Claudication – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-symptomatic-peripheral-artery-disease-claudication?

  Intermittent claudication (derived from the Latin word for limp) is defined as a reproducible discomfort of a defined group of muscles that is induced by exercise and relieved with rest. […] Progression to limb-threatening events — Although PAD and its severity is an important marker for cardiovascular risk, symptoms of claudication are associated with an overall low risk of progression to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Natural history studies show that most patients with claudication remain stable, particularly if they stop smoking. The following limb outcomes at five years demonstrate the overall low risk of progression for most patients with lower extremity claudication: […] Stable claudication – 70 to 80 percent.

• #32 A Primary Care Approach to the Patient with Claudication | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0215/p1027.html

  Peripheral arterial occlusive disease occurs in about 18 percent of persons over 70 years of age. Usually, patients who have this disease present with intermittent claudication with pain in the calf, thigh or buttock that is elicited by exertion and relieved with a few minutes of rest. […] The prognosis of the diseased extremity is generally favorable. Without specific therapy, the distance that affected persons are able to walk generally remains stable, worsening in 26 percent of persons and improving in 27 percent. […] The most common complaint is intermittent claudication with pain of the calf, thigh or buttock occurring with exertion and relieved after several minutes of rest. […] With advancing disease or acute ischemia, patients may complain of a sudden decrease in the initial claudication distance, disabling claudication, or rest pain, or on examination may be found to have ulceration or tissue loss.

• #33 The Natural History of Intermittent Claudication – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2019-sept/the-natural-history-of-intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication can progress with worsening symptoms that become lifestyle limiting if not appropriately treated. […] Intermittent claudication is a stable or slowly progressive disease. […] Older data suggest that ambulatory decline is slowly progressive. […] McDermott et al followed 676 patients over 2 years, reporting that lower baseline ABI values and PAD with leg pain on exertion and rest were associated with greater mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance than other clinical presentations. […] Moreover, a subset of patients with asymptomatic PAD may be associated with the greatest mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance. […] In short, patients with intermittent claudication are largely stable over the acute and intermediate terms. […] Markers of adverse limb prognosis include diabetes mellitus, severe PAD as measured by low ABI, polyvascular disease, microvascular disease, and continued smoking. […] The symptom complex of claudication, for most patients, slowly and progressively declines over time.

• #34 Intermittent Claudication: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://www.medicinenet.com/claudication/article.htm

  The usually intermittent nature of the pain is due to a temporary inadequate supply of oxygen to the muscles of the leg. The poor oxygen supply is a result of narrowing of the arteries that supply the leg with blood. This limits the supply of oxygen to the leg muscles and is especially noticeable when the oxygen requirement of these muscles rises with exercise or walking. Claudication that comes and goes is often referred to as intermittent claudication. […] The prognosis of claudication is generally favorable with treatment. Without treatment, 26% of patients worsen over time. Over 5 years, 4% to 8% will progress to require a revascularization procedure. […] A finding of claudication or peripheral artery disease should be considered a warning sign of other potential atherosclerotic blockages in the body.

• #35 A Primary Care Approach to the Patient with Claudication | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0215/p1027.html

  Peripheral arterial occlusive disease occurs in about 18 percent of persons over 70 years of age. Usually, patients who have this disease present with intermittent claudication with pain in the calf, thigh or buttock that is elicited by exertion and relieved with a few minutes of rest. […] The prognosis of the diseased extremity is generally favorable. Without specific therapy, the distance that affected persons are able to walk generally remains stable, worsening in 26 percent of persons and improving in 27 percent. […] The most common complaint is intermittent claudication with pain of the calf, thigh or buttock occurring with exertion and relieved after several minutes of rest. […] With advancing disease or acute ischemia, patients may complain of a sudden decrease in the initial claudication distance, disabling claudication, or rest pain, or on examination may be found to have ulceration or tissue loss.

• #36 Claudication – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/

  Claudication is a pain, cramp or sense of fatigue in a muscle group of the lower extremity related to sustained exercise and relieved promptly by a few minutes of rest while standing evenly on both feet. […] The general trend is for claudication to worsen gradually over a period of years. Nevertheless, at any given stage claudicatory distance is fairly constant provided the conditions of terrain, incline, and speed of walking are the same. Typically the symptoms progress in episodes with stable periods, or even intervals of improvement, interspersed between exacerbations. Claudication may become acutely more severe, and progress to the point of rest pain, if the patient develops a second segment of arterial obstruction (tandem lesions), sustains thrombosis of a previously stenotic arterial segment, or suddenly loses a major collateral pathway. […] Claudication may worsen as the underlying disorder progresses, or it may remain stable for years in many individuals. If the collateral system gradually enlarges with time, or if greater muscle efficiency can be achieved by the patient through exercise, his claudication may actually improve.

• #37 Peripheral arterial disease – Heart Matters magazine – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/peripheral-arterial-disease

  The most common symptom is intermittent claudication it comes from the Latin word claudicare, meaning to limp. It is usually pain in the leg muscles when walking or exercising so you walk a certain distance then experience cramp-like pain. […] When the blood flow becomes worse, the body cant deliver enough blood, nutrients and oxygen to the skin and soft tissues. This usually occurs in the feet, as they are furthest from the heart. You may develop persistent pain, ulcers and even gangrene in the feet. This is known as critical limb ischaemia, and rapid treatment is essential to have a chance of saving the leg. […] If you have intermittent claudication, your risk of heart attack is three to five times higher than normal. […] Overall, around 12 per cent of people with intermittent claudication will undergo amputation within five years, making PAD one of the biggest causes of lower-limb amputation in the UK. By the time patients develop ulcers or gangrene, it is often too late for us to improve circulation, so the only options are amputation or managing the ulcers as well as possible, which in the worst-case scenario may be palliative care. It is vital to seek medical advice if you have any signs of PAD. […] Of those who have the symptoms of intermittent claudication over a five-year period around 5-10 per cent will develop critical limb ischaemia, the most severe form of PAD. With critical limb ischaemia the outlook is poor half of patients are likely to die within five years.

• #38 The Natural History of Intermittent Claudication – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2019-sept/the-natural-history-of-intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication can progress with worsening symptoms that become lifestyle limiting if not appropriately treated. […] Intermittent claudication is a stable or slowly progressive disease. […] Older data suggest that ambulatory decline is slowly progressive. […] McDermott et al followed 676 patients over 2 years, reporting that lower baseline ABI values and PAD with leg pain on exertion and rest were associated with greater mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance than other clinical presentations. […] Moreover, a subset of patients with asymptomatic PAD may be associated with the greatest mean annual decline in 6-minute walk performance. […] In short, patients with intermittent claudication are largely stable over the acute and intermediate terms. […] Markers of adverse limb prognosis include diabetes mellitus, severe PAD as measured by low ABI, polyvascular disease, microvascular disease, and continued smoking. […] The symptom complex of claudication, for most patients, slowly and progressively declines over time.

• #39 Peripheral Arterial Disease and Claudication

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/

  Risk factors for PAD and claudication include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and older age. […] PAD and claudication are often treated with diet and exercise, and sometimes medicine. […] A walking program is very helpful. You should walk at least 4 times a week for 30 to 60 minutes each time. […] If your arteries are badly blocked, you may need a procedure called angioplasty to open them up. […] If the narrow area of the artery is very long, you may need to have bypass surgery. […] If you believe you could have PAD, it is important that you talk to you doctor right away. Being diagnosed with PAD indicates that you are also at higher risk for heart attack and stroke.

• #40

  https://www.healthshare.com.au/questions/56652-what-are-the-symptoms-of-peripheral-arterial-disease/

  In some cases, symptoms do not appear until the condition has reached an advanced or severe stage. Symptoms may include: Intermittent claudication pain in the lower leg (calf) muscles that occurs after walking a certain distance, is relieved by resting, and recurs at the same distance. […] If left untreated, symptoms can worsen, progressing to short-distance claudication, pain in the legs even at rest, or the development of arterial ulcers and gangrene (areas of dead tissue). Most patients who present with claudication will have stable symptoms at five years. However, 10-20% will develop worsening claudication, and another 5-10% will progress to chronic limb ischaemia (severe lack of blood supply). Chronic limb ischaemia is an advanced stage of PAD which can be characterised by intense leg pain, leg pain while resting, arterial ulcers or gangrene.

• #41 Claudication – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235/

  Claudication is a pain, cramp or sense of fatigue in a muscle group of the lower extremity related to sustained exercise and relieved promptly by a few minutes of rest while standing evenly on both feet. […] The general trend is for claudication to worsen gradually over a period of years. Nevertheless, at any given stage claudicatory distance is fairly constant provided the conditions of terrain, incline, and speed of walking are the same. Typically the symptoms progress in episodes with stable periods, or even intervals of improvement, interspersed between exacerbations. Claudication may become acutely more severe, and progress to the point of rest pain, if the patient develops a second segment of arterial obstruction (tandem lesions), sustains thrombosis of a previously stenotic arterial segment, or suddenly loses a major collateral pathway. […] Claudication may worsen as the underlying disorder progresses, or it may remain stable for years in many individuals. If the collateral system gradually enlarges with time, or if greater muscle efficiency can be achieved by the patient through exercise, his claudication may actually improve.

• #42 Peripheral arterial disease – Heart Matters magazine – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/peripheral-arterial-disease

  The most common symptom is intermittent claudication it comes from the Latin word claudicare, meaning to limp. It is usually pain in the leg muscles when walking or exercising so you walk a certain distance then experience cramp-like pain. […] When the blood flow becomes worse, the body cant deliver enough blood, nutrients and oxygen to the skin and soft tissues. This usually occurs in the feet, as they are furthest from the heart. You may develop persistent pain, ulcers and even gangrene in the feet. This is known as critical limb ischaemia, and rapid treatment is essential to have a chance of saving the leg. […] If you have intermittent claudication, your risk of heart attack is three to five times higher than normal. […] Overall, around 12 per cent of people with intermittent claudication will undergo amputation within five years, making PAD one of the biggest causes of lower-limb amputation in the UK. By the time patients develop ulcers or gangrene, it is often too late for us to improve circulation, so the only options are amputation or managing the ulcers as well as possible, which in the worst-case scenario may be palliative care. It is vital to seek medical advice if you have any signs of PAD. […] Of those who have the symptoms of intermittent claudication over a five-year period around 5-10 per cent will develop critical limb ischaemia, the most severe form of PAD. With critical limb ischaemia the outlook is poor half of patients are likely to die within five years.

• #43 Claudication: A Teachable Moment or Missed Opportunity!

  http://clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/clinical-medical-reviews-and-case-reports-cmrcr-4-186.php?jid=cmrcr

  Although limb related complications are frightening to patients, limb related prognosis is usually benign. Within five years, only 1-2% of patients (and likely less for those who adopt a healthy life-style) with claudication progress to develop more severe symptoms like rest pain, ischemic ulcers or gangrene and for whom revascularization is usually effective. However, 15-30% will die mostly secondary to cardiovascular disease and 25% will have a heart attack or a stroke. […] So the main therapeutic goals in patients with claudication are to prevent cardiovascular events especially fatal and nonfatal MI and stroke, reduce limb-related symptoms and complications and improve functional abilities and quality of life. […] This case demonstrated clearly that optimal medical therapy resulted in the resolution of claudication symptoms but significant increase in his level of daily physical activities, risk reduction of cardiovascular diseases and significant improvement of his overall wellbeing.

• #44 Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460178-clinical

  Intermittent claudication typically causes pain that occurs with physical activity. Determining how much physical activity is needed before the onset of pain is crucial. […] The perceived significance of claudication is variable. Most patients appear to accept a decrease in walking distance as a normal part of aging. Investigators report that 50-90% of patients with definite intermittent claudication do not report this symptom to their clinician. […] A 2011 study investigated whether subjects not considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease had abnormal ABIs. […] The most feared consequence of PAOD is severe limb-threatening ischemia leading to amputation. However, studies of large patient groups with claudication reveal that amputation is uncommon. Boyd prospectively followed 1440 patients with intermittent claudication for as long as 10 years and reported that only 12.2% required amputation.

• #45 Intermittent Claudication: Definition, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication refers to an aching pain in your legs when you walk or exercise that goes away when you rest. […] Its an early symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Treatment is important to slow or stop the progression of PAD. […] The symptoms of intermittent claudication vary from mild to severe. […] If the cause is PAD, resting for 10 minutes relieves the pain. […] Intermittent claudication is a common early symptom of PAD. […] Over time, plaques accumulate on the walls of your arteries. […] If PAD is the cause of intermittent claudication, its treatable but not curable. […] Aggressive treatment to minimize risk factors is advised. […] Most important is treatment for any cardiovascular disease. […] The 5-year mortality rate for intermittent claudication from all causes is 30 percent, according to a 2001 clinical review. […] A more recent study (2017) found improvements in the mortality rate at 5 years.

• #46 Peripheral arterial disease – Heart Matters magazine – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/peripheral-arterial-disease

  The most common symptom is intermittent claudication it comes from the Latin word claudicare, meaning to limp. It is usually pain in the leg muscles when walking or exercising so you walk a certain distance then experience cramp-like pain. […] When the blood flow becomes worse, the body cant deliver enough blood, nutrients and oxygen to the skin and soft tissues. This usually occurs in the feet, as they are furthest from the heart. You may develop persistent pain, ulcers and even gangrene in the feet. This is known as critical limb ischaemia, and rapid treatment is essential to have a chance of saving the leg. […] If you have intermittent claudication, your risk of heart attack is three to five times higher than normal. […] Overall, around 12 per cent of people with intermittent claudication will undergo amputation within five years, making PAD one of the biggest causes of lower-limb amputation in the UK. By the time patients develop ulcers or gangrene, it is often too late for us to improve circulation, so the only options are amputation or managing the ulcers as well as possible, which in the worst-case scenario may be palliative care. It is vital to seek medical advice if you have any signs of PAD. […] Of those who have the symptoms of intermittent claudication over a five-year period around 5-10 per cent will develop critical limb ischaemia, the most severe form of PAD. With critical limb ischaemia the outlook is poor half of patients are likely to die within five years.

• #47 PAD Symptom: Leg Claudication | What is Claudication

  https://www.usavascularcenters.com/pad-symptoms/claudication/

  If left untreated, claudication can worsen to the point where it is noticeable even when resting or trying to sleep. […] Earlier on in the progression of peripheral artery disease, you may only feel this pain or discomfort while you’re exercising. […] Once you get back from your walk, you may feel the urge to sit down and rest your legs. […] Claudication caused by a more advanced case of peripheral artery disease may not dissipate so quickly. […] When your pain lingers even while you’re resting, it’s time to see a vascular doctor to get an evaluation for PAD, one of the top claudication causes. […] As plaque builds up in the arteries, claudication can progress into near-constant pain, which indicates that the muscles are not getting adequate oxygen, even at rest. […] Left untreated, claudication symptoms caused by PAD can lead to non-healing wounds or open sores on the legs, feet, or ankles.

• #48 Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Claudication

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ss/slideshow-visual-guide-claudication

  Exercise, especially walking, has many benefits for treating claudication. Youll have less pain, improve blood vessel health, and be able to exercise longer. […] Medicine helps to manage pain and other health problems that may come along with claudication and PAD. […] Claudication can affect more than your legs. Blocked, hardened arteries that lead to your heart and brain could also trigger a heart attack or stroke. Other possible health problems include: Wounds or sores that have trouble healing, Tissue and muscle death (gangrene), Limb removal (amputation).

• #49 Claudication | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://pedsurg.ucsf.edu/condition/claudication

  Claudication, if left untreated, can progress to critical limb ischemia–a severe obstruction of blood flow to the extremities–often accompanied by severe pain and/or skin ulcers or sores. […] Claudication, if left untreated, can progress to critical limb ischemia, a severe obstruction of blood flow to the extremities, often accompanied by severe pain and/or skin ulcers or sores. […] In the early stages of PAD, patients may experience cramping or fatigue in the legs or buttocks while walking or exercising. This is referred to as „intermittent claudication.” Claudication may occur in one or both legs, depending on where the blockage is. The pain, or other symptoms subside when the activity is stopped. Claudication pain can range from mild to disabling.

• #50 PAD Symptom: Leg Claudication | What is Claudication

  https://www.usavascularcenters.com/pad-symptoms/claudication/

  When claudication progresses to the point that your legs hurt all the time, this can indicate that the most serious complication of PAD and claudication, critical limb ischemia, is imminent. […] If left untreated, critical limb ischemia will lead to tissue death and necessitate amputation. […] If left untreated, the pain may become more severe and disturb you even when you are resting.

• #51 PAD Symptom: Leg Claudication | What is Claudication

  https://www.usavascularcenters.com/pad-symptoms/claudication/

  When claudication progresses to the point that your legs hurt all the time, this can indicate that the most serious complication of PAD and claudication, critical limb ischemia, is imminent. […] If left untreated, critical limb ischemia will lead to tissue death and necessitate amputation. […] If left untreated, the pain may become more severe and disturb you even when you are resting.

• #52 Neurogenic Claudication: Causes of Pain and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/neurogenic-claudication-296632

  Neurogenic claudication occurs when spinal nerves get compressed in the lumbar (lower) spine, causing intermittent leg pain. […] Neurogenic claudication is characterized by nerve pain, typically in both legs. […] Symptoms of neurogenic claudication include: Sharp, shooting, or aching pain extending into the lower extremities. […] Leg pain from neurogenic claudication is intermittent and changes with specific movements or activities. […] Over time, neurogenic claudication can affect a person’s mobility as they avoid any activity that causes pain, including exercise, lifting heavy objects, and prolonged walking. […] In severe cases, neurogenic claudication can lead to the loss of bladder or bowel control due to the compression of nerves that regulate these functions. […] Because it is largely aging-related, LSS tends to affect older adults, particularly those in their 60s and 70s. As neurogenic claudication is generally the result of spinal deterioration, the symptoms are usually permanent.

• #53 Differences Between Vascular and Neurogenic Claudication

  https://premiaspine.com/differences-between-vascular-and-neurogenic-claudication/

  Claudication is characterized by pain in certain muscles during physical activity. It most often affects the hips, buttocks, thighs, calves, or feet. […] Vascular claudication is widely known as one of the symptoms of peripheral artery disease. This means that its triggered by poor blood flow to the muscles as a result of arterial damage. […] Limited circulation to the muscles often doesnt cause symptoms when the patient is at rest. However, when the patient uses the muscles that are receiving limited blood flow, pain can result. This muscular pain with activity is referred to as claudication, while the buildup of plaque in the arteries is known as atherosclerosis. […] Neurogenic claudication refers to muscle pain caused by nerve compression in the lumbar (lower) spine. […] Neurogenic claudication is a possible symptom of a herniated disc. In most cases, the herniated disc leads to spinal stenosis, which then triggers neurogenic claudication.

• #54 Differences Between Vascular and Neurogenic Claudication

  https://premiaspine.com/differences-between-vascular-and-neurogenic-claudication/

  Claudication is characterized by pain in certain muscles during physical activity. It most often affects the hips, buttocks, thighs, calves, or feet. […] Vascular claudication is widely known as one of the symptoms of peripheral artery disease. This means that its triggered by poor blood flow to the muscles as a result of arterial damage. […] Limited circulation to the muscles often doesnt cause symptoms when the patient is at rest. However, when the patient uses the muscles that are receiving limited blood flow, pain can result. This muscular pain with activity is referred to as claudication, while the buildup of plaque in the arteries is known as atherosclerosis. […] Neurogenic claudication refers to muscle pain caused by nerve compression in the lumbar (lower) spine. […] Neurogenic claudication is a possible symptom of a herniated disc. In most cases, the herniated disc leads to spinal stenosis, which then triggers neurogenic claudication.

• #55 Vascular vs. Neurogenic Claudication | Dr. Jeffrey Carlson

  https://www.osc-ortho.com/blog/vascular-vs-neurogenic-claudication/

  When muscles don’t get enough blood flow due to obstructed arteries, cramping pain can result simply from walking or using one’s arms. Vascular claudication (VC) is a condition typically caused by peripheral artery disease and is a debilitating problem that worsens over time. […] Treatment usually starts conservatively, unless there are neurologic signs that are troubling, such as drop foot or loss of bowel or bladder control. […] If this conservative treatment continues to provide little to no pain relief for the patient, surgery may be considered as an option.

• #56 Understanding Claudication: Leg Pain and Reduced Blood Flow

  https://coastalvascular.net/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad/claudication/

  Claudication is a symptom often overshadowed by its medical complexity, yet its impact on daily life can be profound. This condition is characterized by pain and cramping in the leg muscles triggered by inadequate blood flow during physical activities such as walking or exercising. Commonly linked to peripheral vascular disease, particularly peripheral artery disease (PAD), claudication not only restricts mobility but also signals significant vascular health issues. […] The hallmark of claudication is leg pain or cramping during physical activity. Activities like walking can become challenging. This pain typically eases with rest as the muscles demand for blood decreases. […] The main issue in claudication is reduced blood flow. When leg muscles don’t receive adequate oxygen-rich blood, they cannot function efficiently, leading to discomfort. This limited blood flow is often due to atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries, narrowing or blocking them.

• #57 Understanding Claudication: Leg Pain and Reduced Blood Flow

  https://coastalvascular.net/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad/claudication/

  Pain usually occurs during activities such as walking or climbing stairs. Symptoms may subside with rest, only to return upon resumption of activity. […] One may notice that the threshold for pain decreases over time; as claudication progresses, ever-decreasing exertion levels could provoke the pain. […] These symptoms vary widely in their intensity. While they may be mild and merely inconvenient for some, they can escalate to crippling pain that may severely limit day-to-day mobility for others. […] Early detection of claudication symptoms is pivotal. Timely medical consultation, possibly at specialist facilities like the Coastal Vascular Center, along with instituting lifestyle changes, can effectively manage this condition. […] As arteries narrow, they obstruct the movement of oxygen-rich blood to the leg muscles. During physical activity, these muscles demand more oxygen than they receive. This imbalance between supply and demand triggers the painful symptoms of claudication.

• #58 Understanding Claudication: Leg Pain and Reduced Blood Flow

  https://coastalvascular.net/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad/claudication/

  Understanding these underlying causes is vital. It helps identify individuals at risk and allows for preventive measures that can slow the progression of claudication. […] Vascular claudication is a hallmark indicator of peripheral artery disease (PAD), characterized by the narrowing of blood vessels in the legs, and atherosclerosis, the hardening of the arteries. […] Moreover, claudication can discourage physical activity because of the pain it causes during movement, potentially exacerbating the condition. […] When leg muscles don’t receive adequate oxygen-rich blood, they cannot function efficiently, leading to discomfort. This limited blood flow is often due to atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries, narrowing or blocking them.

• #59 Neurogenic Claudication: Causes of Pain and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/neurogenic-claudication-296632

  Neurogenic claudication occurs when spinal nerves get compressed in the lumbar (lower) spine, causing intermittent leg pain. […] Neurogenic claudication is characterized by nerve pain, typically in both legs. […] Symptoms of neurogenic claudication include: Sharp, shooting, or aching pain extending into the lower extremities. […] Leg pain from neurogenic claudication is intermittent and changes with specific movements or activities. […] Over time, neurogenic claudication can affect a person’s mobility as they avoid any activity that causes pain, including exercise, lifting heavy objects, and prolonged walking. […] In severe cases, neurogenic claudication can lead to the loss of bladder or bowel control due to the compression of nerves that regulate these functions. […] Because it is largely aging-related, LSS tends to affect older adults, particularly those in their 60s and 70s. As neurogenic claudication is generally the result of spinal deterioration, the symptoms are usually permanent.

• #60 Neurogenic claudication – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_claudication

  Neurogenic claudication (NC), also known as pseudoclaudication, is the most common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and describes intermittent leg pain from impingement of the nerves emanating from the spinal cord. […] The predominant symptoms of NC involve one or both legs and usually presents as some combination of tingling, cramping discomfort, pain, numbness, or weakness in the lower back, calves, glutes, and thighs and is precipitated by walking and prolonged standing. However, the symptoms vary depending on the severity and cause of the condition. Lighter symptoms include pain or heaviness in the legs, hips, glutes and lower back, post-exercise. […] In severe cases, impaired motor function and ability in the lower body can be observed, and bowel or bladder dysfunction may be present.

• #61

  https://www.welcomebackclinic.com/blog/Lumbar-Spinal-Stenosis-and-Neurogenic-Claudication.htm

  Stenosis means narrowing. […] Spinal stenosis usually occurs due to a combination of degenerative changes that lead to a progressive narrowing of the spinal canal. […] The symptoms which can include leg pain, numbness, weakness, fatigue and bladder control problems. […] In the lumbar spine, stenosis results in pressure on the nerve roots, which causes symptoms of pain, fatigue, weakness or numbness in the legs that is made worse with activity such as walking. […] People often experience claudication, which means symptoms in their legs associated with activity such as walking. […] As the degree of stenosis gets worse the distance they can walk lessens considerably. […] People with severe spinal stenosis can usually walk less than a block before they need to stop and rest or bend forward to relieve the pain or fatigue sensation in their legs. […] Spinal stenosis causes symptoms of pain, fatigue or weakness in the legs. […] The goal of surgery is to restore the persons ability to walk without pain so that they can return to normal activities such as walking, hiking and golfing.

• #62

  https://www.ipscpgh.com/blog/neurogenic-claudication-symptoms-and-treatment

  Neurogenic claudication is a condition marked by pain and discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, and legs, especially during walking or standing. […] This condition is commonly linked to spinal stenosis, where the narrowing of the spinal canal puts pressure on nerves. Understanding its symptoms and treatment options is key to managing this condition effectively. […] It is a progressive condition, meaning that it can worsen over time if not properly managed. As the spinal canal continues to narrow, the pressure on the nerves increases, leading to more frequent and intense symptoms. […] Early intervention can help slow the progression of the condition and improve outcomes. […] The severity of these symptoms can fluctuate, with some individuals experiencing periods of relative relief followed by episodes of intense pain. […] This variability can make it challenging to predict the course of the condition, further emphasizing the need for ongoing medical evaluation and treatment. […] In cases where conservative treatments do not provide sufficient relief, surgery may be considered. […] Surgery is usually recommended when symptoms continue or worsen.

• #63 Neurogenic Claudication: Causes of Pain and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/neurogenic-claudication-296632

  Neurogenic claudication occurs when spinal nerves get compressed in the lumbar (lower) spine, causing intermittent leg pain. […] Neurogenic claudication is characterized by nerve pain, typically in both legs. […] Symptoms of neurogenic claudication include: Sharp, shooting, or aching pain extending into the lower extremities. […] Leg pain from neurogenic claudication is intermittent and changes with specific movements or activities. […] Over time, neurogenic claudication can affect a person’s mobility as they avoid any activity that causes pain, including exercise, lifting heavy objects, and prolonged walking. […] In severe cases, neurogenic claudication can lead to the loss of bladder or bowel control due to the compression of nerves that regulate these functions. […] Because it is largely aging-related, LSS tends to affect older adults, particularly those in their 60s and 70s. As neurogenic claudication is generally the result of spinal deterioration, the symptoms are usually permanent.

• #64 Venous Claudication | Michael Cumming, MD, MBA

  https://www.drcumming.com/educational-musings/venous-claudication

  Venous claudication occurs when there is severe restriction of blood flow out of the leg. It causes severe thigh and leg tightness and pain with exercise. The pain typically takes 20-30 minutes of rest to resolve. […] The difference in improvement between the 2 patients was the status of the deep venous system in the thigh and calf. The first patient had a nearly normal deep venous system, while the second patient had post thrombotic changes in the veins limiting blood flow out of the leg. […] Both of these patients would have benefited from more aggressive treatment at the time of their initial diagnosis.

• #65 Venous Claudication | Michael Cumming, MD, MBA

  https://www.drcumming.com/educational-musings/venous-claudication

  Venous claudication occurs when there is severe restriction of blood flow out of the leg. It causes severe thigh and leg tightness and pain with exercise. The pain typically takes 20-30 minutes of rest to resolve. […] The difference in improvement between the 2 patients was the status of the deep venous system in the thigh and calf. The first patient had a nearly normal deep venous system, while the second patient had post thrombotic changes in the veins limiting blood flow out of the leg. […] Both of these patients would have benefited from more aggressive treatment at the time of their initial diagnosis.

• #66 Venous Claudication | Michael Cumming, MD, MBA

  https://www.drcumming.com/educational-musings/venous-claudication

  Venous claudication occurs when there is severe restriction of blood flow out of the leg. It causes severe thigh and leg tightness and pain with exercise. The pain typically takes 20-30 minutes of rest to resolve. […] The difference in improvement between the 2 patients was the status of the deep venous system in the thigh and calf. The first patient had a nearly normal deep venous system, while the second patient had post thrombotic changes in the veins limiting blood flow out of the leg. […] Both of these patients would have benefited from more aggressive treatment at the time of their initial diagnosis.

• #67 Claudication – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952

  Claudication is pain caused by too little blood flow to muscles during exercise. Most often this pain occurs in the legs after walking at a certain pace and for a certain amount of time depending on the severity of the condition. […] The condition is also called intermittent claudication because the pain usually isn’t constant. It begins during exercise and ends with rest. As claudication worsens, however, the pain may occur during rest. […] The pain may become more severe over time. You may even start to have pain at rest. […] Signs or symptoms of peripheral artery disease, usually in more-advanced stages, include: […] Claudication is generally considered a warning of significant atherosclerosis, indicating an increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

• #68 Intermittent Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22046-intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication is muscle pain that happens in your legs when you’re active and then stops when you rest. This happens when your body can’t meet your muscles’ need for oxygen. It’s usually a symptom of blood flow problems. Over time, this can get worse and lead to serious health issues. Medicines and lifestyle changes usually help. […] Intermittent claudication can get worse gradually. But with treatment, most people (more than 70%) can keep it from getting worse for at least five years. […] Claudication increases your risk for serious heart and circulatory problems. This is why treatment usually involves preventive measures to avoid those complications. […] When intermittent claudication gets worse, you may have: Pain after walking a short distance, Pain when you’re not moving your legs, An ulcer on your foot, Gangrene in your foot. […] Many of the at-home treatments for intermittent claudication can also help prevent it. While it’s not always possible to prevent it completely, it may be possible to delay when it develops.

• #69 Peripheral arterial disease – Heart Matters magazine – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/peripheral-arterial-disease

  The most common symptom is intermittent claudication it comes from the Latin word claudicare, meaning to limp. It is usually pain in the leg muscles when walking or exercising so you walk a certain distance then experience cramp-like pain. […] When the blood flow becomes worse, the body cant deliver enough blood, nutrients and oxygen to the skin and soft tissues. This usually occurs in the feet, as they are furthest from the heart. You may develop persistent pain, ulcers and even gangrene in the feet. This is known as critical limb ischaemia, and rapid treatment is essential to have a chance of saving the leg. […] If you have intermittent claudication, your risk of heart attack is three to five times higher than normal. […] Overall, around 12 per cent of people with intermittent claudication will undergo amputation within five years, making PAD one of the biggest causes of lower-limb amputation in the UK. By the time patients develop ulcers or gangrene, it is often too late for us to improve circulation, so the only options are amputation or managing the ulcers as well as possible, which in the worst-case scenario may be palliative care. It is vital to seek medical advice if you have any signs of PAD. […] Of those who have the symptoms of intermittent claudication over a five-year period around 5-10 per cent will develop critical limb ischaemia, the most severe form of PAD. With critical limb ischaemia the outlook is poor half of patients are likely to die within five years.

• #70 Intermittent Claudication | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/vascular-care/claudication

  Claudication is discomfort in the calf, thigh or buttocks that occurs when walking or exercising. […] Symptoms include pain with exertion, muscle cramping or weakness and a burning feeling or tired sensation in the lower extremities. Claudication is an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis and increases an individuals risk of heart attack by three to four times. […] If your case is advanced and you have severe pain or almost completely blocked blood flow, you may require more invasive treatment, such as: […] In a small number of cases, when progression of the condition is not halted, amputation of the affected limb may be necessary.

• #71 The progression rate of peripheral arterial disease in patients with intermittent claudication: a systematic review | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0351-0

  Intermittent claudication (IC) is the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease and is generally treated conservatively due to limited prognostic evidence to support early revascularisation in the individual patient. […] Progression of PAD in IC patients is probably underestimated in the literature due to study design issues. […] Predicting which patients with claudication are likely to deteriorate to critical limb ischaemia is difficult since there is a lack of evidence related to lower limb prognosis. […] The mortality risk of patients presenting with IC is double that of patients with PAD who are asymptomatic. […] The prognosis and progression of PAD of the affected limbs is known to be less relevant with the majority remaining stable, some improving, while approximately 20-25% requiring revascularisation and 5% eventually deteriorating to critical limb ischaemia (CLI).

• #72 Claudication: A Teachable Moment or Missed Opportunity!

  http://clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/clinical-medical-reviews-and-case-reports-cmrcr-4-186.php?jid=cmrcr

  Claudication is a common manifestation of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and atherosclerosis. Patients with claudication are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and limb-related complications. Optimal medical therapy is effective in relieving patient’s symptoms and reducing their risk of cardiovascular events. […] Patients with claudication usually present with a variety of symptoms like dull aching, tightness, pain, weakness or fatigue in the calves, thighs or buttocks triggered by physical activities. […] Ischemic rest pain suggests severe peripheral arterial disease and could be present with severe claudication. […] Claudication is an important symptom of lower extremity arterial disease and more importantly is an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis with associated high cardiovascular events and death.

• #73 Intermittent Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22046-intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication is muscle pain that happens in your legs when you’re active and then stops when you rest. This happens when your body can’t meet your muscles’ need for oxygen. It’s usually a symptom of blood flow problems. Over time, this can get worse and lead to serious health issues. Medicines and lifestyle changes usually help. […] Intermittent claudication can get worse gradually. But with treatment, most people (more than 70%) can keep it from getting worse for at least five years. […] Claudication increases your risk for serious heart and circulatory problems. This is why treatment usually involves preventive measures to avoid those complications. […] When intermittent claudication gets worse, you may have: Pain after walking a short distance, Pain when you’re not moving your legs, An ulcer on your foot, Gangrene in your foot. […] Many of the at-home treatments for intermittent claudication can also help prevent it. While it’s not always possible to prevent it completely, it may be possible to delay when it develops.

• #74 Claudication: A Teachable Moment or Missed Opportunity!

  http://clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/clinical-medical-reviews-and-case-reports-cmrcr-4-186.php?jid=cmrcr

  Although limb related complications are frightening to patients, limb related prognosis is usually benign. Within five years, only 1-2% of patients (and likely less for those who adopt a healthy life-style) with claudication progress to develop more severe symptoms like rest pain, ischemic ulcers or gangrene and for whom revascularization is usually effective. However, 15-30% will die mostly secondary to cardiovascular disease and 25% will have a heart attack or a stroke. […] So the main therapeutic goals in patients with claudication are to prevent cardiovascular events especially fatal and nonfatal MI and stroke, reduce limb-related symptoms and complications and improve functional abilities and quality of life. […] This case demonstrated clearly that optimal medical therapy resulted in the resolution of claudication symptoms but significant increase in his level of daily physical activities, risk reduction of cardiovascular diseases and significant improvement of his overall wellbeing.

• #75 Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21972-claudication

  Claudication is muscle pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest. Vascular claudication is usually a symptom of serious blood flow problems, especially peripheral artery disease (PAD). Claudication may lead to critical limb ischemia. Claudication is a classic symptom of peripheral artery disease (a narrowing of the blood vessels in your legs) and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Claudication causes include circulation issues that keep your body from getting the amount of oxygen it needs. When people with poor circulation are more active, they feel pain. The pain goes away when you rest because your circulation can keep up with the lower oxygen demand. Claudication is also a concern because the pain it causes when walking often keeps people from being active. Stopping physical activity only makes the claudication worse. Claudication treatment can start with things you can do yourself. If your case becomes more severe, you may need medicine or a procedure. Treating claudication is important because it usually means you have peripheral artery disease or another circulatory disease that can be life-changing and even deadly. Claudication won’t go away by itself. You’ll need some level of treatment to manage it. Treatment for claudication gives many people a good prognosis (outlook). But it’s important to remember that peripheral artery disease (which causes claudication) is a lifelong condition. PAD progresses faster in some people than others. The expected length of your life depends on your specific situation. This includes any other diseases you have. Leg pain can come back if you stop taking walks. And claudication can get worse with tobacco use. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent or delay the worsening of claudication symptoms to the point where they impact your life.

• #76 Peripheral Arterial Disease and Claudication

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/

  Risk factors for PAD and claudication include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and older age. […] PAD and claudication are often treated with diet and exercise, and sometimes medicine. […] A walking program is very helpful. You should walk at least 4 times a week for 30 to 60 minutes each time. […] If your arteries are badly blocked, you may need a procedure called angioplasty to open them up. […] If the narrow area of the artery is very long, you may need to have bypass surgery. […] If you believe you could have PAD, it is important that you talk to you doctor right away. Being diagnosed with PAD indicates that you are also at higher risk for heart attack and stroke.

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