Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Claudication – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952

  Claudication is pain caused by too little blood flow to muscles during exercise. […] Treatments focus on lowering the risks of vascular disease, reducing pain, increasing mobility and preventing damage to tissues. […] The best way to prevent claudication is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and control certain medical conditions. That means: Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet, Exercise regularly, If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar in good control, Maintain a healthy weight, Manage cholesterol and blood pressure, Quit smoking if you’re a smoker.

• #2 Claudication – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370959

  Claudication may go undiagnosed because many people consider the pain to be an unwelcome but typical part of aging. Some people simply reduce their activity level to avoid the pain. […] The goals of treating claudication and peripheral artery disease are to reduce pain and manage the risk factors that contribute to heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. Exercise is an important part of claudication treatment. Exercise reduces pain, increases exercise duration, improves vascular health in the affected limbs, and contributes to weight management and an overall improvement in quality of life. […] A healthy lifestyle can help improve treatment outcomes and lower risks associated with claudication and peripheral artery disease. Recommended lifestyle changes include the following: Quit smoking. Smoking greatly increases the risk of complications of peripheral artery disease. Talk to your health care provider if you need help quitting. Exercise. Follow the exercise plan recommended by your health care provider. Regular exercise is important for weight management and good heart health. Eat a healthy diet. Eat plenty of low-starch vegetables, fruits and whole grains, and modest portions of lean meats, poultry, fish and low-fat dairy. Foot care. Talk to your health care provider about proper foot care. Know how to inspect your feet to ensure proper and prompt treatment of injuries. Wear socks and appropriate shoes to support and protect your feet.

• #3 Intermittent Claudication – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430778/

  The risk factors for the development of intermittent claudication are similar to those for atherosclerosis. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemias, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, male gender, family history, and congenital predisposition. […] Patients who smoke, patients with diabetes mellitus, and those with abnormal peripheral vascular exams should be screened and risk-stratified for preventive care. […] The treatment of intermittent claudication is surrounded by controversy. […] The prevention of claudication is perhaps the best way to manage the disease. […] Patients with intermittent claudication must be advised to eat a healthy diet, control the blood sugars and hypertension, lower the levels of cholesterol and glucose, and participate in an exercise program. […] The patient should be educated to discontinue smoking, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, and follow a healthy diet.

• #4 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics

  Claudication is the development of pain deep in the muscles of the leg (calves, thighs, or buttocks) during activity; the pain is relieved by resting the legs. […] Anyone with PAD-related claudication should be evaluated and receive treatment. This generally includes making lifestyle changes (such as quitting smoking) to reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease, participating in an exercise program, and often taking medications. […] Reduce risk factors — As mentioned above, the main risk factors for PAD are cigarette smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or lipids, and obesity. All people with claudication should work to control these risk factors. […] Quitting all forms of smoking and keeping both diabetes and high blood pressure well controlled may also improve claudication symptoms (ie, pain) but, even more importantly, helps to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and limb events.

• #5 Claudication: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21972-claudication

  Yes. There are many things you can do to prevent vascular claudication or delay its onset. You can: […] Maintain a weight thats healthy for you […] Eat heart-healthy foods […] Stay physically active […] Quit using tobacco products […] Manage any health conditions that can contribute to this problem, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.

• #6 Intermittent Claudication: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://www.medicinenet.com/claudication/article.htm

  Can claudication be prevented? […] Some of the risk factors for this condition are behaviors that can be modified such as: […] quit smoking, […] managing diabetes and high blood pressure, and […] maintaining a healthy diet to keep cholesterol levels normal. […] Exercise is recommended for patients with claudication symptoms. Frequent exercise, especially walking, greatly reduces symptoms and increases symptom-free walking distance and is one of the most effective preventive measures.

• #7 Prevention and Treatment of PAD | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/prevention-and-treatment-of-pad

  Treatment for peripheral artery disease, or PAD, focuses on reducing symptoms and preventing further progression of the condition. […] Effective tools include behavior modification programs, nicotine replacement medicines and other quit-smoking medications. Quitting smoking will help slow the progression of PAD and other heart-related diseases. […] An effective treatment for PAD symptoms is regular physical activity. […] Exercise for leg pain (intermittent claudication) considers that walking causes pain. […] If you have claudication, you also may be prescribed medication (cilostazol) to help improve your walking distance and decrease leg symptoms. […] Diabetes increases the risk of poor outcomes among people with PAD. Achieving glucose control benefits all people with diabetes and can reduce limb-related complications in those with PAD. […] For some people with PAD, the above recommendations and treatments aren’t enough. So, minimally invasive treatment or surgery may be needed.

• #8 2. Management of PAD

  https://ccs.ca/guideline/2022-peripheral-arterial-disease/chapter-2-management-of-pad/

  We recommend smoking cessation to prevent PAD, and to prevent MACE and MALE in patients with PAD (Strong Recommendation; Moderate-Quality Evidence). […] We recommend smoking cessation interventions ranging from intensive counselling, NRT, bupropion, varenicline, and sometimes nicotine EC (Strong Recommendation; High-Quality Evidence). […] Smoking cessation can prevent PAD and reduce MACE and MALE when PAD becomes symptomatic. […] Among patients with PAD, a recent meta-analysis of 6 randomized trials involving 558 patients with PAD in which smoking interventions (behavioural counselling with or without NRT or a community intervention program promoting smoking reduction) were evaluated, suggested smoking cessation interventions increased the chance of quitting smoking (RR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.84 2.61]).

• #9 2. Management of PAD

  https://ccs.ca/guideline/2022-peripheral-arterial-disease/chapter-2-management-of-pad/

  Considering this, together with the positive effect of individual counselling, compared with usual care groups observed in a meta-analysis of smokers from the general population, which included 27 trials involving 11,100 people in which intensive counselling was effective at bringing about smoking cessation (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.40-1.77), suggests this is an important and effective consideration for smoking cessation strategy for patients with PAD.

• #10 Intermittent Claudication: Definition, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/intermittent-claudication

  Intermittent claudication is a common early symptom of PAD. Its caused by a blockage of the arteries that supply blood to your legs and elsewhere peripherally. […] Treatment for intermittent claudication will depend on the underlying cause. […] If your intermittent claudication is caused by PAD, a first step is to modify your risk factors: Stop smoking tobacco products. Reduce and control high blood pressure. Reduce and control high lipids. Begin a supervised exercise program. Eat a balanced, healthy diet (a low-carbohydrate diet has proven helpful in diabetes control and weight loss). […] A main aim of treatment is to reduce the risk of heart attack, which is associated with PAD. […] The recommended exercise for intermittent claudication is walking. A meta-analysis from 2000 recommended: Walk 30 minutes at least three times a week for the most benefit. Rest when near your highest pain point. Follow the program for at least six months. Walk in a supervised program for best results.

• #11 You must be logged in as a member to save to your library.

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2025/04/02/13/44/Exercise-Therapy-in-Symptomatic-Peripheral-Artery-Disease

  Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that supervised exercise therapy improves functional status, walking performance, and quality of life in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and claudication. This therapy is recommended as initial treatment or as an adjunct following revascularization. […] Structured exercise programs have been shown to improve walking performance, functional status, and QOL in patients with symptomatic PAD. Approaches that have been studied include structured exercise therapy (SET) and community-based exercise programs. […] The recent PAD guidelines recommend SET as first-line treatment for patients with PAD and functional-related symptoms. […] High-quality evidence is available for SET as an initial treatment for claudication with consistent results in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

• #12 Exercise therapy for intermittent claudication in peripheral artery disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/exercise-therapy-for-intermittent-claudication-in-peripheral-artery-disease

  The ESC, AHA/ACC, and Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document on Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II) have all declared that the evidence supporting exercise therapy in the treatment of claudication is sufficiently robust to merit a Level I recommendation. […] We recommend as first-line therapy a supervised exercise program consisting of walking a minimum of three times per week (30-60 min/session) for at least 12 weeks to all suitable patients with IC. […] We recommend home-based exercise, with a goal of at least 30 minutes of walking three to five times per week when a supervised exercise program is unavailable or for long-term benefit after a supervised exercise program is completed. […] Exercise therapy has multiple benefits via multiple mechanisms in PAD patients with intermittent claudication, including reduced limb symptoms, improved functional capacity, and reduced systemic cardiovascular risk. […] Exercise, even unsupervised and low-intensity exercise, should be recommended and encouraged for all patients with PAD without contraindications.

• #13 Exercise therapy for intermittent claudication in peripheral artery disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/exercise-therapy-for-intermittent-claudication-in-peripheral-artery-disease

  Exercise therapy benefits patients with intermittent claudication by reducing limb symptoms and improving both physical activity and quality of life. […] Supervised exercise programs have been recommended as first-line therapies for the treatment of claudication in patients with PAD. […] The treatment goals are: (1) to reduce limb symptoms, (2) to improve exercise capacity and prevent or lessen physical disability, and (3) to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events. […] Claudication significantly affects quality of life and is associated with severe functional impairment that can be significantly improved by exercise intervention in properly selected patients. […] A considerable body of evidence supports the clinical benefits of a supervised exercise program in improving exercise performance and quality of life.

• #14 Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), Intermittent Claudication & Critical Limb Threatening Ischaemia – GP Gateway

  https://www.coventryrugbygpgateway.nhs.uk/pages/intermittent-claudication-peripheral-arterial-disease/

  The clinical aim of the nurse-led claudication service is: […] Stabilise their claudication and prevent further disease progression (negating hospital admissions for radiological or surgical intervention, and reducing the patients individual risk of associated cardiac or cerebrovascular problems) […] Patients Education: risk factor management and assists / supports the patient to make lifestyle changes […] Best Medical Therapy of anti-platelet therapy, preferably Clopidogrel, and statin therapy (secondary prevention) […] Referral to Supervised Exercise Programme (SEP) as per NICE guidelines. Patients can access 24 NHS funded SEP sessions at Atrium Health in Coventry City Centre or at Cardiac Rehabilitation Department at Rugby St Cross […] Supervised Exercise Programme is run by both a Vascular Specialist Nurse and a Clinical Exercise Physiologist with exercise being adapted to suit most patients needs.

• #15 Peripheral Vascular Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0601/p1971.html

  Patient information: See related handout on peripheral arterial disease and claudication. […] Treatment is divided into lifestyle, medical, and surgical therapies. Lifestyle therapies focus on exercise, smoking cessation, and dietary modification. […] Primary prevention of PVD consists of encouraging smoking cessation. Smoking cessation also is recommended for the prevention of coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and lung cancer. […] Treating patients with PVD requires addressing each risk factor that led to the development of PVD. Permanent abstinence from cigarette smoking is the most important factor related to outcomes in patients with intermittent claudication. […] Exercise has been shown to increase the walking time of patients with claudication by 150 percent (i.e., 6.51 minutes) in those who comply with the regimen.

• #16 Did You Know? | Choosing Care Plus Physical Therapy for Vascular Claudication Outperforms Typical Medical Care Alone and Is Cost-Effective | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/did-you-know/care-plus-physical-therapy-for-vascular-claudication-outperforms-typical-medical-care

  Choosing Care Plus Physical Therapy for Vascular Claudication Outperforms Typical Medical Care Alone and Is Cost-Effective. […] Research that supports supervised exercise therapy by a physical therapist to relieve claudication is robust. […] Physical therapy treatment for claudication outperforms typical care alone. In addition to saving on health care dollars, physical therapy also helps patients to: Reduce pain and cramping due to restricted blood flow. Avoid unnecessary and costly invasive procedures and surgeries. Improve their quality of life by increasing their walking distance. Avoid the risks of taking medications. […] Researchers calculated the economic impact of choosing physical therapy over alternatives to treat claudication. They found that doing so saves $24,125, including all the hidden costs of your time, pain, missed life events, and the dollars paid for services. […] This research can help to influence policies that better enable patient access to treatment options. It also may lead to health plan coverage that is both clinically effective and value-based. Patients and the health care system benefit when our health care dollars go further. […] Physical therapists are movement experts. They improve quality of life through hands-on care, patient education, and prescribed movement.

• #17 Secondary prevention of peripheral arterial disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-3/Secondary-prevention-of-peripheral-arterial-disease-Title-Secondary-preventio

  The efficacy of preventive measures and medication used in secondary prevention has mostly been studied in coronary patients and data regarding PAD patients are scanty. […] Therefore, therapeutic measures used in secondary prevention of atherosclerosis in PAD patients are as important as those used in coronary or cerebrovascular patients. […] For patients with symptomatic PAD, the focus must be mainly on prevention of ischemic complications and prevention of progression of the atherosclerotic process. In addition to risk factor management, designated interventions include administration of a platelet inhibitor, statins and in selected patients and the use of an angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor as well. […] The benefit of aspirin for patients with known coronary and cerebrovascular disease is well established, but there are no trials which precisely estimate the preventive effect of aspirin in PAD patients.

• #18 Secondary prevention of peripheral arterial disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-3/Secondary-prevention-of-peripheral-arterial-disease-Title-Secondary-preventio

  The Physician health study confirmed that a low dose of aspirin reduces the progression of intermittent claudication and the risk of PAD surgery by 54%. […] Different studies have shown that hyperlipoproteinemia is also a relevant risk factor for PAD. […] However, studies specifying the outcome of the PAD itself are sparse. […] In a 5-year follow-up study in which hypercholesterolemia was treated by a partial ileal bypass, the incidence of claudication was reduced to 19% in the surgically treated group vs. 33.6% in the control group and was related to the decrease in cholesterol concentration. […] Statins, by preventing accompanying coronary or cerebrovascular incidents, also improve prognosis and survival of PAD patients. […] Therefore, patients with claudication may not only benefit from a reduction in vascular events from statin treatment but also have an improved lifestyle.

• #19 Intermittent Claudication

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/intermittent-claudication

  Treatment of mild intermittent claudication begins with simple lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation, control of cholesterol levels, and beginning a walking program to build up tolerance to exercise. […] Changes in lifestyle that can positively affect symptoms of intermittent claudication include smoking cessation, cholesterol reduction through diet, exercise, and medications (if needed), and a exercise program to slowly condition the leg muscles and increase the amount of exercise that can be tolerated without pain. […] If a patient has peripheral artery disease as well as intermittent claudication, antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel can increase blood flow and prevent blood clots from forming in the narrowed arteries.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11936-001-0035-4

  Intermittent claudication is the most common symptom in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). As such, it is mandatory for clinicians to treat both the PAD-specific symptoms (to decrease functional impairment and thereby improve quality-of-life, as well as to decrease rates of amputation) and the underlying systemic atherosclerosis (and thereby reduce cardiovascular ischemic events, especially myocardial infarction and stroke). […] All patients with PAD, of any severity, must successfully normalize atherosclerosis risk factors and use antiplatelet therapies. Such interventions include complete smoking cessation, glycemic control, normalization of blood pressure (less than 130/90 mm Hg), and lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to less than 100 mg/dL. Antiplatelet agents (eg, clopidogrel, aspirin) should be prescribed to decrease rates of cardiovascular ischemic events in all patients with PAD, unless otherwise contraindicated.

• #21 Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0315/p362.html

  Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 12% to 20% of Americans 60 years and older. […] Current guidelines recommend resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) testing for patients with history or examination findings suggesting PAD. […] Treatment of PAD includes lifestyle modifications including smoking cessation and supervised exercise therapy plus secondary prevention medications, including antiplatelet therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins. […] Surgical revascularization should be considered for patients with lifestyle-limiting claudication who have an inadequate response to the aforementioned therapies. […] Patients with PAD should receive a comprehensive program of guideline-directed medical therapy, including structured exercise and lifestyle modification, to reduce MACE and major adverse limb events and to improve functional status. Smoking cessation is a vital component of care for patients with PAD who smoke.

• #22 Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics

  Exercise programs reduce the symptoms of claudication, for example, by allowing you to increase the distance and time you can walk before developing symptoms. […] Motivated patients who are supervised by a professional achieve the best results. […] Several different medications can help improve walking distance (ie, how far and how long you can walk without having pain) in people with claudication. […] Cilostazol is the most effective medication for the treatment of claudication symptoms, particularly when combined with exercise. […] If you have severe lifestyle-limiting claudication (ie, the leg pain interferes with your ability to carry out daily activities successfully), and if medication has been unsuccessful in relieving symptoms, your doctor may recommend a procedure to increase the amount of blood flow to your legs. […] Revascularization procedures can be generally divided into two general categories: „catheter-based” endovascular procedures, which are done without incisions (eg, balloon angioplasty with or without stenting, atherectomy, recanalization), and „surgery” (eg, bypass, endarterectomy).

• #23 Peripheral arterial disease – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/peripheral-arterial-disease/

  Structured exercise therapy and modification of cardiovascular risk factors may improve intermittent claudication significantly; cilostazol, a vasodilator, may be considered for symptomatic relief. […] Start preventive measures (e.g., management of ASCVD). […] Start structured exercise therapy. […] Cilostazol improves claudication symptoms and walking distance but has not been shown to decrease major cardiovascular events. […] Start management of ASCVD in all patients, as patients with PAD have an increased risk of further ASCVD events (e.g., MI or stroke). […] Counseling on smoking cessation should occur at every visit for all patients with PAD who smoke. […] Exercise therapy may improve claudication but not the ABI, as therapy primarily promotes collateral blood circulation. […] Intensive management of ASCVD and its risk factors improves outcomes in PAD and prevents ischemic events in other arterial beds, including the coronary arteries.

• #24 Understanding Claudication: Leg Pain and Reduced Blood Flow

  https://coastalvascular.net/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad/claudication/

  Proper foot care is vital for those with claudication. If injuries are left unchecked, poor circulation can lead to complications. Inspect your feet daily for signs of sores or changes in color. […] Seeking diverse kinds of support is central to living well with claudication. […] Managing claudication is an ongoing process requiring commitment and regular attention. Consistent management strategies are vital in preventing further complications and ensuring an improved quality of life.

• #25 Intermittent claudication: an opportunity for secondary prevention | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2004/march/feature-article/intermittent-claudication-opportunity-secondary-prevention

  Intermittent claudication is an important marker of increased cardiovascular risk. […] If cardiovascular risk factors are not managed aggressively, the life expectancy of patients with intermittent claudication is reduced by 10 years, with 75% of deaths being due to a cardiovascular event. […] Secondary cardiovascular disease prevention measures will reduce deaths and disability from myocardial infarction and stroke and lessen the potential for limb threatening ischaemia.

• #26

  http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1861987

  Secondary prevention in patients with intermittent claudication and evaluation of e-health support […] The first line of treatment is secondary prevention, including smoking cessation, walking exercise and best medical therapy with the purpose of reducing claudication symptoms, of slowing down the progression of the atherosclerotic process and of preventing cardiovascular events. […] Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis is to explore illness perception and associated factors for adherence to secondary prevention treatment for patients with IC. A further aim is to test and evaluate a web-based application as support for secondary prevention in patients with IC. […] Illness perception, health literacy and self-efficacy are factors influencing self-management in patients with IC and should be addressed to be able to improve adherence to secondary prevention. The positive results from the pilot study indicate that the web-based application might be beneficial for patients with IC in giving support to adherence to secondary prevention treatment and that a further study at a larger scale could be valuable.

• #27

  http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1861987

  Intermittent claudication requires treatment with secondary prevention to reduce disease progression and the risk of cardiovascular events and to improve quality of life. Health literacy and self-efficacy are important preconditions for the health behaviour changes necessary for adhering to secondary prevention. […] The majority of patients with intermittent claudication have inadequate or problematic health literacy. […] Patients with intermittent claudication need lifelong treatment with secondary prevention to prevent cardiovascular events and progression of atherosclerotic disease. […] The primary aim was to evaluate the usability of a web-based application and its effect on secondary prevention outcomes for patients with IC. […] High reporting adherence, a positive trend in walking distance, improved ABI, and QoL, together with the participants experiences, indicate that using e-health may support adherence to secondary prevention in patients with IC but needs to be further studied in a full-scale randomized controlled trial.

• #28 Secondary prevention and application-based life style support for patients with intermittent claudication | Malmö University

  https://mau.se/en/research/projects/PRESIC/

  A longitudinal cohort study including patients with Intermittent Claudication (IC) is ongoing. The aim is to explore associations between health literacy, illness perceptions, adherence to treatment, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with IC. […] A randomized controlled pilot trial will be used to test Lifepod PAD as secondary prevention support system. […] We know that risk factor reduction leads to less cardiovascular events and hospitalization which in turn will reduce healthcare costs. Further, these devices can preferable be implemented and used both in the primary health care and hospital care.

• #29 Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17357-peripheral-artery-disease-pad

  Knowing that you have risk factors for PAD may motivate you to prevent it. The same advice for keeping your heart healthy applies to caring for your circulation, too: […] If you have heart disease, you should discuss your risk factors for PAD with your healthcare provider. Report any symptoms youre having, such as pain, weakness or numbness in your legs. […] You have the ability to prevent peripheral artery disease (PAD) or keep it from getting worse by making lifestyle changes. Keep all of your follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider and vascular specialist, and take the medicines they prescribe for all of your conditions. Knowing the warning signs of PAD complications helps you know when to ask for help, too.

• #30 Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0315/p362.html

  Current guidelines endorse supervised exercise therapy as a first-line treatment for all patients with PAD. […] A structured community- or home-based exercise program with behavioral change techniques, such as health coaching and activity tracking, can also improve walking ability and functional status. […] Revascularization is a reasonable treatment option for patients with lifestyle-limiting claudication who have an inadequate response to other guideline-directed therapies.

• #31 Peripheral Artery Disease, Mankato – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/mankato/services-and-treatments/radiology-and-imaging/interventional-radiology/peripheral-artery-disease

  The best way to prevent claudication is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. That means: […] Quit smoking if you’re a smoker. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar in good control. […] Exercise regularly. Aim for 30 to 45 minutes several times a week after you’ve gotten your doctor’s OK. […] Lower your cholesterol and blood pressure levels, if applicable. […] Eat foods that are low in saturated fat. […] Maintain a healthy weight.

• #32 Peripheral Arterial Disease and Claudication

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/

  If your arteries are badly blocked, you may need a procedure called angioplasty to open them up. […] If the narrow area of the artery is very long, you may need to have bypass surgery. […] Treatment and lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise can improve PAD symptoms. They can also decrease your likelihood for heart attack or stroke.

• #33

  https://brighamandwomens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/PreventionGuidelines/85,P08251

  Claudication is usually treated conservatively, with the primary goal of treatment being modification of risk factors. Treatment for claudication may include one or more of the following: […] Because many persons who have claudication also have atherosclerotic disease such as peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, and/or blockages of the carotid artery (carotid stenosis), aggressively modifying risk factors for atherosclerosis can help prevent heart attack and stroke and reduce the risk of amputation. […] A prevention plan for claudication may also be used to prevent or lessen the progress of PAD associated with claudication once it has been diagnosed. Consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment. […] Preventative measures may include: treating high blood pressure, lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as directed by your physician, lowering triglycerides (fats in the blood), raising high-density lipoproteins (HDL) as directed by your physician, maintaining normal weight, increasing physical activity, especially walking, controlling blood glucose (blood sugar) levels if diabetes has been diagnosed by your physician.

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