Kamica ślinianek
Objawy

Kamica ślinianek (sialolithiasis) to schorzenie charakteryzujące się formowaniem złogów fosforanu wapnia i hydroksyapatytu w gruczołach ślinowych, najczęściej w śliniance podżuchwowej (80-90%), głównie w przewodzie Whartona. Objawy obejmują jednostronny ból i obrzęk gruczołu, nasilające się podczas posiłków (tzw. „zespół posiłkowy”), z dolegliwościami trwającymi 1-2 godziny. Ból jest tępy, nawracający, lokalizowany w okolicy gruczołu, a obrzęk może być widoczny i bolesny. Dodatkowo mogą wystąpić kserostomia, trudności w otwieraniu ust, halitoza oraz gorzki smak w ustach. Kamienie rosną średnio o 1 mm rocznie, a średni czas trwania objawów przed zgłoszeniem się do lekarza wynosi około 5 lat dla kamieni podżuchwowych i 4,8 roku dla przyusznych. Nawracające epizody bólu i obrzęku podczas posiłków określane są jako kolka ślinowa.

Kamica ślinianek – podstawowe informacje

Kamica ślinianek (sialolithiasis) to schorzenie, w którym dochodzi do formowania się złogów (kamieni, sialolitów) w gruczołach ślinowych lub ich przewodach, powodując blokadę przepływu śliny. Kamienie te, najczęściej składające się z fosforanu wapnia i hydroksyapatytu, mogą wywoływać ból i obrzęk twarzy. Występują z częstością około 1 na 10 000-30 000 osób, częściej u mężczyzn niż u kobiet, rzadko u dzieci.123

Kamienie ślinowe najczęściej występują w śliniance podżuchwowej (80-90%), rzadziej w śliniance przyusznej (5-15%) i podjęzykowej (2-6%). W przypadku ślinianki podżuchwowej około 90% kamieni lokalizuje się w przewodzie Whartona, natomiast kamienie przyusznicze częściej umiejscawiają się w samym gruczole.456

Objawy kliniczne kamicy ślinianek

Objawy kamicy ślinianek mogą być różnorodne i zależą od rozmiaru kamienia, stopnia blokady przewodu ślinowego oraz ewentualnego rozwoju wtórnej infekcji. Mogą one występować jednostronnie (unilateralnie) lub obustronnie (bilateralnie).78

Charakterystyczne objawy związane z posiłkiem

Najbardziej charakterystycznym objawem kamicy ślinianek jest zaostrzenie dolegliwości w trakcie lub po posiłkach, co określa się jako „zespół posiłkowy” (mealtime syndrome). Dzieje się tak, ponieważ żucie stymuluje gruczoły ślinowe do produkcji śliny, która z powodu blokady wywołanej przez kamień gromadzi się w gruczole, powodując zwiększone ciśnienie wewnątrzgruczołowe.79

Typowe objawy związane z posiłkiem obejmują:

  • Nagły, intensywny ból pojawiający się tuż po rozpoczęciu posiłku1011
  • Obrzęk gruczołu ślinowego następujący krótko po wystąpieniu bólu6
  • Dolegliwości utrzymujące się przez około 1-2 godziny po posiłku, a następnie stopniowo ustępujące712

Intensywność objawów jest zwykle większa, gdy kamień całkowicie blokuje przewód ślinowy, a mniejsza przy częściowym zablokowaniu lub gdy kamień znajduje się w samym gruczole, a nie w przewodzie.413

Ból i obrzęk

Ból w kamicy ślinianek może być:

  • Tępy, nawracający, pojawiający się i ustępujący1011
  • Zlokalizowany w okolicy zajętego gruczołu – pod żuchwą, wokół ucha lub na policzku7
  • Nasilający się w trakcie jedzenia, zwłaszcza pokarmów kwaśnych lub stymulujących wydzielanie śliny14
  • Stopniowo nasilający się z czasem15

Obrzęk to jeden z najczęstszych objawów kamicy ślinianek i może obejmować:

  • Widoczne powiększenie gruczołu ślinowego, szczególnie w trakcie posiłków16
  • Wyczuwalny, czasem bolesny guzek pod językiem lub w okolicy zajętego gruczołu717
  • Obrzęk twarzy, szyi lub policzka, który może nawracać13

Inne objawy kamicy ślinianek

Poza bólem i obrzękiem, kamica ślinianek może powodować szereg innych objawów:

  • Suchość w jamie ustnej (kserostomia) – spowodowana zmniejszonym przepływem śliny do jamy ustnej76
  • Trudności w otwieraniu ust lub połykaniu – szczególnie przy dużym obrzęku gruczołu718
  • Nieprzyjemny smak w ustach lub gorzki, ziarnisty charakter śliny719
  • Halitoza (nieświeży oddech) – związana z zastoiną śliny i potencjalnym rozwojem infekcji2021

U niektórych pacjentów kamica ślinianek może przebiegać bezobjawowo, zwłaszcza na wczesnym etapie formowania się kamieni lub gdy kamienie są małe i nie powodują istotnej blokady przepływu śliny.222324

Przebieg choroby i progresja

Naturalny przebieg kamicy ślinianek

Kamienie ślinowe zwykle rozwijają się powoli, rosnąc około 1 mm rocznie. Na początku, gdy kamienie są małe, mogą nie powodować żadnych objawów.125 W miarę wzrostu kamienia i postępującej blokady przewodu ślinowego, objawy stają się coraz bardziej wyraźne i mogą przechodzić przez kilka faz:

  1. Faza bezobjawowa – małe kamienie nie blokujące przepływu śliny mogą nie powodować żadnych objawów1724
  2. Faza objawów nawracających – okresowe bóle i obrzęki związane z posiłkami, ustępujące po kilku godzinach16
  3. Faza przewlekła – coraz częstsze i intensywniejsze objawy z możliwym trwałym obrzękiem i upośledzeniem funkcji gruczołu26

Średni czas trwania objawów przed zgłoszeniem się pacjenta do lekarza wynosi około 5 lat i 4 miesiące dla kamieni ślinianki podżuchwowej oraz 4 lata i 10 miesięcy dla kamieni ślinianki przyusznej. Około jedna trzecia pacjentów z kamicą ślinianek zgłasza się do lekarza w ciągu pierwszych sześciu miesięcy od wystąpienia objawów.26

Charakterystyczne dla kamicy ślinianek są epizody bólu i obrzęku podczas posiłków, które mogą utrzymywać się przez kilka godzin, a następnie ustępować na dłuższy czas (tygodnie lub miesiące). Takie nawracające ataki bólu określa się jako kolkę ślinową (salivary colic).1626

Powikłania i progresja choroby

Nieleczona kamica ślinianek może prowadzić do szeregu powikłań:

Zapalenie gruczołu ślinowego (sialadenitis)

Najczęstszym powikłaniem kamicy ślinianek jest rozwój stanu zapalnego lub infekcji zajętego gruczołu ślinowego (sialadenitis). Badania wskazują, że u około 90% pacjentów z kamicą ślinianek występuje infekcja zajętego gruczołu, a u 12-18% pacjentów obserwuje się ropną wydzielinę z przewodu ślinowego.26

Objawy zapalenia gruczołu ślinowego obejmują:

  • Zaczerwienienie i zwiększona tkliwość obrzękniętego gruczołu27
  • Gorączka, dreszcze, ogólne osłabienie13
  • Ropna wydzielina z ujścia przewodu ślinowego w jamie ustnej28
  • Powiększenie okolicznych węzłów chłonnych29

W ciężkich przypadkach infekcja może rozprzestrzenić się do głębszych przestrzeni szyi, prowadząc do poważnego zakażenia.727

Przewlekłe uszkodzenie gruczołu ślinowego

Długotrwała blokada przepływu śliny może prowadzić do trwałych zmian w strukturze i funkcji gruczołu ślinowego:

  • Zmniejszenie przepływu śliny – przepływ śliny z gruczołu z kamicą może być nawet o 38% niższy w porównaniu do zdrowych osób30
  • Włóknienie gruczołu – przewlekłe zwiększone ciśnienie wewnątrzgruczołowe prowadzi do zastępowania tkanki gruczołowej tkanką łączną30
  • Atrofia gruczołu – w zaawansowanych przypadkach gruczoł może ulec zanikowi i przestać produkować ślinę31

W skrajnych przypadkach długotrwałej kamicy ślinianek gruczoł może stać się twardy i przestać być bolesny lub obrzęknięty, co wskazuje na jego pełną atrofię i utratę funkcji.31

Inne powikłania

Inne potencjalne powikłania kamicy ślinianek to:

  • Tworzenie się ropni w obrębie gruczołu ślinowego29
  • Trudności w połykaniu i otwieraniu ust32
  • Przewlekły ból twarzy33
  • Zwiększone ryzyko próchnicy i chorób dziąseł związane z suchością jamy ustnej34

Czynniki wpływające na przebieg choroby

Przebieg kamicy ślinianek może być modyfikowany przez różne czynniki:

  • Rozmiar i lokalizacja kamienia – większe kamienie i kamienie zlokalizowane w przewodzie, a nie w gruczole, zwykle powodują bardziej nasilone objawy4
  • Liczba kamieni – u około 25% pacjentów występują mnogie kamienie, co może nasilać objawy3
  • Stan nawodnienia – odwodnienie może zaostrzać objawy15
  • Stymulacja wydzielania śliny – pokarmy kwaśne lub pikantne mogą nasilać objawy14

Nawrotowy charakter kamicy ślinianek

Nawroty kamicy ślinianek są stosunkowo rzadkie i szacuje się, że występują u 1-10% pacjentów.30 Po usunięciu kamienia większość pacjentów nie doświadcza już problemów, jednak u niektórych osób mogą w późniejszym czasie tworzyć się kolejne kamienie.35

Pacjenci, u których dochodzi do nawrotowego tworzenia się kamieni ślinowych lub nawracających infekcji gruczołów ślinowych, mogą wymagać usunięcia całego zajętego gruczołu.1336

Według niektórych badań, po usunięciu kamienia pacjenci mają około 5% szans na pojawienie się kolejnego kamienia w ciągu całego życia.2

Rekonwalescencja

Czas rekonwalescencji po leczeniu kamicy ślinianek zależy od rozmiaru kamienia i zastosowanej metody leczenia:37

  • Po podstawowej endoskopii ślinowej rekonwalescencja ogranicza się głównie do powrotu po znieczuleniu, bez znaczącego bólu pooperacyjnego
  • Po usunięciu dużego kamienia z nacięciem pacjent może odczuwać dyskomfort przez 3-5 dni
  • Pełna rekonwalescencja może trwać od kilku dni do dwóch tygodni, w zależności od złożoności procedury

W okresie rekonwalescencji mogą wystąpić obrzęki, które można zmniejszyć poprzez ssanie kostek lodu, unikanie alkoholu, wysiłku fizycznego oraz gorących pokarmów i napojów bezpośrednio po zabiegu.38

Podsumowanie przebiegu i objawów kamicy ślinianek

Kamica ślinianek charakteryzuje się typowym przebiegiem z okresami zaostrzeń związanymi z posiłkami i okresami remisji. Najczęstsze objawy to ból i obrzęk gruczołu ślinowego, szczególnie nasilone podczas jedzenia. W miarę rozwoju choroby mogą pojawić się powikłania w postaci infekcji, włóknienia i zaniku gruczołu.

Rozpoznanie kamicy ślinianek opiera się na charakterystycznym obrazie klinicznym oraz badaniach obrazowych, takich jak ultrasonografia lub tomografia komputerowa. Wczesne rozpoznanie i leczenie są kluczowe dla zapobiegania trwałemu uszkodzeniu gruczołów ślinowych.3940

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Salivary Stones: Symptoms and Treatment – University of Mississippi Medical Center
    https://umc.edu/som/Departments%20and%20Offices/SOM%20Departments/Otolaryngology/About-Us/News/Salivary-Stones.html
    Salivary stones occur at a rate of about 1 in 30,000 people so they are relatively uncommon. […] They grow slowly and most people dont know they have them until they become large enough to block the tube that the saliva flows in, what is termed a duct. […] Once the stone becomes large enough, it may block the flow of saliva when you eat, and the gland will swell up and it will hurt. It can become infected and require antibiotics.
  • #2 Removing Salivary Stones – Eye & Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh
    https://eyeandear.org/2021/11/removing-salivary-stones/
    Salivary stones are rare, affecting only one out of 10,000 people. […] Classical presentation symptoms include recurrent swelling, especially during meals. Acute episodes are associated with inflammatory signs. Diffuse swelling can occur on one or both sides. An inability to express free flow of saliva is one sign, and stones may be palpable on examination. […] Most of the time, Dr. Schaitkin said, saliva over time can be slowly expressed into the mouth so patients are better and only miserable when they are eating. But the whole system can get infected due to the lack of flow. […] Unlike kidney stones, salivary stones do not have any dietary adjustments that people can make. There are also no health predispositions to salivary stones. After it is removed, patients have about a five percent chance of getting another stone in their lifetime but this is not very common.
  • #3 Salivary Gland Stones: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
    https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/oral-health/salivary-gland-stones
    Salivary gland stones are calcium deposits that obstruct the salivary glands and slow or prevent the flow of saliva. They typically occur in the submandibular and parotid glands. […] Symptoms of salivary stones may occur at any time but they are most exaggerated during eating or drinking when the body is producing saliva. […] Some common signs and symptoms include: dry mouth, pain, swelling, and tenderness in the cheek area and under the tongue, problems opening the mouth or swallowing, swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, swelling of the face or neck. […] In severe cases, the glands can become infected, causing fever and increased pain. […] Salivary gland stones are most common in older adults. Multiple stones occur in about 25% of people. […] In children and older adults, salivary gland stones can lead to a painful infection called sialadenitis. The infection is usually caused by staph or strep bacteria.
  • #4 Salivary stones: symptoms, aetiology, biochemical composition and treatment | British Dental Journal
    https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2014.1054
    Salivary stones, also known as sialoliths, are calcified concrements in the salivary glands. Sialoliths are more frequently located in the submandibular gland (84%), than in the parotid gland (13%). The majority of the submandibular stones are located in Wharton’s duct (90%), whereas parotid stones are more often located in the gland itself. […] Most cases of sialolithiasis present with symptoms such as pain and swelling in the submandibular or parotid region during mealtime. Swelling is the most common symptom in submandibular stones, followed by pain. Three percent of the patients with a submandibular stone have no symptoms. Swelling is also the most common symptom of a parotid gland stone. Pain is present in approximately half of the patients with a parotid stone and only 1% has no symptoms. In general, pain and swelling are more pronounced when a stone is located in the duct than when the stone is located in the gland itself.
  • #5 How to Diagnose and Remove Salivary Stones (Sialoliths)
    https://ostrowonline.usc.edu/salivary-stones/
    Salivary stones occur most commonly in the submandibular glands (80%90%), followed by the parotid (5%15%) and sublingual (2%5%) glands, and only very rarely occur in the minor salivary glands. […] In general, the degree of symptoms depends on the extent of salivary duct obstruction and if there is a secondary infection. Patients with salivary stones most commonly present with: […] Salivary gland swelling upon eating. This swelling happens because the stone entirely or partially blocks the flow of saliva. […] The glands swelling will subside when salivary stimulation ceases, and saliva is secreted out of the gland. […] Since the glands are encapsulated, and there is little space for expansion, the salivas retention will cause pain unless the stone is small and does not significantly saliva retention. […] There may be expressible suppurative or non-suppurative drainage and erythema or warmth in the overlying skin if there is an infection.
  • #6 Symptoms of Salivary Gland Stones – ENT Clinic Sydney
    https://ent-surgery.com.au/symptoms-of-salivary-gland-stones/
    Saliva (spit) is produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. […] The chemicals and salts in saliva can crystallize into a stone that can block the salivary ducts. Sometimes salivary gland stones form that can block the flow of saliva, leading to a number of symptoms. […] Common symptoms of salivary gland stones include: Pain and swelling of the gland, especially at mealtimes. In most cases, the pain comes on suddenly after beginning a meal, followed by swelling of the gland, which lasts anywhere from 1-2 hours after eating. This typically occurs when a stone or stones block the salivary duct completely. […] When stones only partially block the salivary duct, symptoms including a dull pain of the gland and swelling of the face or neck may occur. […] Dry mouth […] Difficulty swallowing or opening mouth.
  • #7 Salivary Stones: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24344-sialolithiasis
    Sialolithiasis is a condition in which stones (calculi) form in your salivary gland or ducts, blocking the flow of saliva. These stones, usually made of calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, can cause facial pain and swelling. Symptoms may occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral). […] Sialolithiasis symptoms typically worsen when you eat and then diminish again a few hours after meals. This is because chewing stimulates your salivary glands to make saliva, which gets backed up in the gland due to the obstruction by the stone. Symptoms may include: Salivary gland swelling. Difficulty swallowing. Trouble opening your mouth. Dry mouth (xerostomia). Strange taste. A painful lump under your tongue. Facial pain or swelling, usually under your jaw or around your ear. […] If you have a blocked salivary gland, you may experience pain or swelling around your salivary ducts during mealtimes. Usually, these symptoms last about one to two hours, then diminish until your next meal. […] Left untreated, sialolithiasis can result in infections or abscesses that can spread to deeper spaces in your neck. Its important to call a healthcare provider if you have persistent facial pain and swelling.
  • #8 Salivary Stones – Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine Center
    https://ofpomcenter.usc.edu/salivary-stones/
    Salivary stones symptoms depend on the extent of salivary duct obstruction and if there is a secondary infection. […] Patients with salivary stones most commonly present with: The most common patients complaint is salivary gland swelling upon eating. This swelling happens because the stone entirely or partially blocks the flow of saliva. […] Patients also might complain of pain. Since the glands are encapsulated, and there is little space for expansion, the salivas retention will cause pain unless the stone is small and does not significantly saliva retention. […] The glands swelling will subside when salivary stimulation ceases, and saliva is secreted out of the gland. Depend on the stones size, and this may take few minutes to few hours. […] As described in the formation of the stone section above, stasis of the saliva may lead to the inflowing of bacterial into the gland causing infection, fibrosis, and gland atrophy. […] There may be expressible suppurative or nonsuppurative drainage and erythema or warmth in the overlying skin if there is a concurrent infection.
  • #9 Sialolithiasis – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialolithiasis
    Sialolithiasis is a crystallopathy where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland. The usual symptoms are pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland, both of which get worse when salivary flow is stimulated, e.g. with the sight, thought, smell or taste of food, or with hunger or chewing. This is often termed „mealtime syndrome.” […] Signs and symptoms are variable and depend largely upon whether the obstruction of the duct is complete or partial, and how much resultant pressure is created within the gland. The development of infection in the gland also influences the signs and symptoms. […] Pain, which is intermittent, and may suddenly get worse before mealtimes, and then slowly get better (partial obstruction). […] Swelling of the gland, also usually intermittent, often suddenly appearing or increasing before mealtimes, and then slowly going down (partial obstruction).
  • #10 Salivary gland stones
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/salivary-gland-stones/
    Salivary gland stones may cause: dull pain in your mouth that comes and goes […] swelling in your mouth that flares up from time to time […] an infection around the stone signs of infection include pain, redness and a high temperature. If you feel intense pain during mealtimes, this could mean the stone is completely blocking a saliva gland. The pain usually lasts 1 to 2 hours. You’ll continue to have symptoms until the stone falls out or is removed.
  • #11 Salivary Gland Stones (Salivary Calculi) | Health
    https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/salivary-gland-disorders-leaflet/salivary-gland-stones-salivary-calculi
    Salivary gland stones sometimes form in one of the salivary glands. These stones are small and form from chemicals in the saliva. A stone can cause a blockage of the flow of spit (saliva), which can lead to pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland. […] The most common symptoms of a salivary gland stone are pain and swelling of the affected gland at mealtimes. This occurs if the stone completely blocks a duct. The saliva cannot pass into your mouth if the duct is blocked by a stone. The pain can be sudden and intense just after starting a meal and swelling soon follows. The pain and swelling ease over about 1-2 hours after a meal. […] However, most stones do not block a duct completely. A stone may only partially block saliva flow or not block the flow at all if it is embedded in the body of the gland. In these situations the symptoms can vary and include one or more of the following: Dull pain from time to time over the affected gland. Swelling of the gland. Swelling may be persistent or vary in size from time to time. Salivary gland infection may occur causing redness and pain. This may develop into a ball of infection and pus (an abscess) and make you feel quite unwell. […] Some people with salivary gland stones have no symptoms at all. A stone may be found by chance on an X-ray picture taken for another reason.
  • #12 Salivary gland stones
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/salivary-gland-stones/
    Salivary gland stones may cause dull pain in your mouth that comes and goes. […] The stones may cause swelling in your mouth that flares up from time to time. […] The stones may cause an infection around the stone. […] If you feel intense pain during mealtimes, this could mean the stone is blocking a saliva gland. The pain usually lasts 1 to 2 hours. […] The symptoms will not go away until the stone has been removed.
  • #13 Salivary Duct Stones: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/salivary-duct-stones
    The main symptom of salivary duct stones is pain in your face, mouth, or neck that becomes worse just before or during meals. This is because your salivary glands produce saliva to facilitate eating. When saliva cannot flow through a duct, it backs up in the gland, causing swelling and pain. […] Other common symptoms include tenderness and swelling in your face, mouth, or neck. You may also have a dry mouth and trouble swallowing or opening your mouth. […] Bacterial infections can occur when the gland is filled with stagnant saliva. Signs of an infection include fever, a foul taste in your mouth, and redness over the affected area. […] In most cases, the salivary duct stone is removed without any complications. If you continue to develop salivary duct stones or salivary gland infections, your doctor may recommend having the affected gland surgically removed.
  • #14 Salivary Gland Disorders – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/mouth-and-throat-disorders/salivary-gland-disorders
    Salivary gland stones are most common among adults. Many people with salivary gland stones have more than one. […] A typical symptom of a blocked salivary duct is swelling and pain over the gland that is affected. The pain and swelling worsen after eating, particularly when people eat something that stimulates saliva flow (such as a pickle or lemon juice) because when the duct is blocked, the saliva has no place to go and the gland swells. […] Salivary stones create problems when they block the tube (duct) that carries saliva from the gland to the mouth. Blockage makes saliva back up inside the duct, causing the salivary gland to swell painfully.
  • #15 Salivary Gland Stones: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
    https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/salivary-gland-stones-symptoms-causes-treatments
    Salivary stones form when chemicals in the saliva accumulate in the duct or gland. They mostly contain calcium. The exact cause is not known. But factors contributing to less saliva production and/or thickened saliva may be risk factors for salivary stones. These factors include: dehydration, poor eating, and use of certain medications including some antihistamines, blood pressure drugs, psychiatric drugs, and bladder control drugs. Trauma to the salivary glands may also raise the risk for salivary stones. […] The stones cause no symptoms as they form, but if they reach a size that blocks the duct, saliva backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. You may feel the pain off and on, and it may get progressively worse. Inflammation and infection within the affected gland may follow.
  • #16 Managing Your Salivary Gland Stones – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org
    https://carle.org/conditions/salivary-gland-stone
    Salivary gland stones affect ducts to the submandibular gland in nearly 80% of cases, the parotid gland in 14%, and the sublingual gland in 6%. […] The main symptoms are pain and swelling in the cheek and under the tongue. Pain becomes worse during and after eating. Other symptoms include salivary gland swelling and tenderness. If the gland becomes infected, fever and increased pain may occur. […] Symptoms tend to come and go. These periodic painful attacks may be called salivary colic.
  • #17 Salivary stones: Symptoms, causes, and how to get rid of them
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324421
    Salivary stones do not usually cause symptoms when they are forming, and they can sometimes disappear on their own. […] Larger stones can block the flow of saliva in the gland. This blockage can cause saliva to build up behind the stone, which can lead to pain and swelling. […] Common symptoms of blocked salivary glands include: a sore or painful lump under the tongue, pain or swelling below the jaw or ears, pain that increases when eating. […] Salivary stones can sometimes also lead to infection in or around the affected gland. Symptoms of infection can include fever and the formation of pus around the stone.
  • #18 Salivary Duct Stones | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/salivary-duct-stones
    Salivary duct stones, also called sialoliths, are deposits of minerals in the ducts, or tubes, that drain the salivary glands. When the ducts are blocked partially or totally by these tiny, calcium-rich stones, the saliva backs up and may cause pain and swelling. […] Symptoms can happen any time, but tend to occur most often or are exaggerated when eating or drinking. Eating triggers the salivary glands to produce more saliva, and when it cant flow into the mouth because of a stone, symptoms appear. […] Problems opening the mouth or swallowing […] Dry mouth […] Pain in the face or mouth […] Swelling of the face or neck (more severe when eating or drinking).
  • #19 Salivary Gland Stones
    https://meadowsfamilydentistry.com/blog/salivary-gland-stones
    Salivary gland stones, also called sialolithiasis, occur when someone becomes chronically dehydrated, has too much calcium in the body, or suffers from a bacterial staph infection. These problems cause the salivary glands to become swollen and block the flow of saliva. […] If your salivary duct becomes blocked by stones, your saliva has nowhere to go. This buildup of saliva will cause swelling, pain, or a fever. Other symptoms include: gritty or bitter-tasting saliva, chronic bad breath, seeing lumps or stones in the salivary glands under your tongue, problems with or pain when opening and closing your mouth. […] If salivary glands aren’t treated quickly, they can cause a bacterial infection, which can be dangerous and may even require IV antibiotics or surgical drainage.
  • #20 Salivary Stones – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Oral-B UK
    https://www.oralb.co.uk/en-gb/oral-health/conditions/other-oral-health-conditions/salivary-stones-symptoms-causes-treatment
    Salivary stones most commonly form in adults aged 30 to 60 and usually affect the submandibular salivary glands. More rarely, the parotid and sublingual glands may be affected. […] When salivary stones form, they block the salivary duct. Saliva contains enzymes like amylase which helps break down our food and also antibacterial agents which help keep your mouth healthy. Sialolithiasis can decrease the amount of saliva in your mouth which can cause a build-up of bacteria that may lead to bad breath.
  • #21 Sialolithiasis: A Look at Salivary Gland Stones | Florida E.N.T. & Allergy
    https://floridaentandallergy.com/sialolithiasis-a-look-at-salivary-gland-stones/
    Salivary gland stones can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary depending on the size and location of the stone. Common signs include: […] Notable swelling in the affected salivary gland often accompanies pain and tenderness […] Painful sensation in the gland, typically worsens after eating when saliva production is stimulated […] A feeling of dryness and discomfort in the mouth due to reduced saliva production […] Recurrent infections in the glands, resulting in fever and pus drainage […] Problems with swallowing as a result of blockage and irritation caused by the stone […] Accumulation of bacteria and food debris around the stone can cause bad breath.
  • #22 Salivary Stones – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/oral-and-pharyngeal-disorders/salivary-stones
    Obstructing stones cause glandular swelling and pain, particularly after eating, which stimulates saliva flow. Symptoms may subside after a few hours. Relief may coincide with a gush of saliva. Some stones cause intermittent or no symptoms. […] If a stone is lodged distally, it may be visible or palpable at the ducts outlet.
  • #23 Sialolithiasis – Clinical Features – Management – TeachMeSurgery
    https://teachmesurgery.com/ent/neck/sialolithiasis/
    Individuals with sialolithiasis tend to be asymptomatic, however a small proportion can have an intermittent facial swelling and pain, particularly associated with eating. Symptoms are usually unilateral. […] Most cases are asymptomatic yet some may present with unilateral face swelling, typically worse with eating.
  • #24 Salivary Gland Stones | UCI Health | Orange County, CA
    https://www.ucihealth.org/medical-services/ear-nose-throat-ent/salivary-glands/salivary-gland-stones
    There are usually no symptoms as the stones form. […] When they become large enough to block the duct, however, you may feel pain and swelling that gets progressively worse. If left untreated, the gland can become infected.
  • #25 Salivary Gland Stones – Prof. Dr. Teoman Dal, ENT Specialist
    https://www.teomandal.com/en/salivary-gland-stones
    Salivary gland stones are the most common diseases of the salivary glands. […] The most important complaint of patients with stones in their salivary glands is painful swelling that develops under the chin or in front of and below the ear, especially during eating. […] In cases where stone formation is accompanied by inflammation, some other symptoms are also observed, such as skin rash and fever in the area of swelling, enlargement of the neighboring lymph nodes and purulent discharge from the areas where the openings of the salivary ducts to the mouth exist. […] Stones that initially form in microscopic dimensions and cause blockage in small ducts grow an average of 1 mm per year, as a result of the accumulation of cell residues and minerals and reach sizes that cause complaints by blocking major salivary ducts over time.
  • #26 Salivary stones: symptoms, aetiology, biochemical composition and treatment | British Dental Journal
    https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2014.1054
    Characteristics for sialolithiasis are episodes of pain and swelling during mealtime which may persist for a few hours, followed by long episodes of remission (weeks or months). The pain and swelling are caused by the obstruction of the salivary flow in the affected gland, resulting in accumulation of saliva and a subsequent increase in intra-glandular pressure. […] In 90% of the patients with a salivary stone, infection of the affected gland is present and in 12-18% a purulent discharge is seen. […] The duration of symptoms before patients present in a clinic varies considerably. The mean duration of symptoms is approximately five years and four months for submandibular stones and four years and ten months for parotid stones. One third of the patients with sialolithiasis will present within the first six months of symptoms.
  • #27 Sialadenitis (Salivary Gland Infection): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15749-sialadenitis-swollen-salivary-gland
    Symptoms of sialadenitis include: Enlargement, tenderness and discoloration of one or more salivary glands. […] If you notice any of these symptoms, see a healthcare provider right away. […] Without proper treatment, sialadenitis can spread into the deep tissues of your head and neck, causing a severe infection. It’s important to see a healthcare provider right away if you have any sialadenitis symptoms, such as pain, swelling and fever. […] In most cases, salivary gland infections resolve after one week with conservative treatment. […] If you have lingering sialadenitis symptoms, such as facial swelling and fever that lasts for more than three days, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider. […] If you develop severe sialadenitis symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing call 911 (or your local emergency number) or go to the nearest emergency room.
  • #28 Sialolithiasis – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialolithiasis
    Tenderness of the involved gland. […] Lack of saliva coming from the duct (total obstruction). […] Erythema (redness) of the floor of the mouth (infection). […] Pus discharging from the duct (infection). […] Cervical lymphadenitis (infection). […] Bad breath. […] Rarely, when stones form in the minor salivary glands, there is usually only slight local swelling in the form of a small nodule and tenderness.
  • #29 Salivary Gland Disorders, Mankato – Mayo Clinic Health System
    https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/mankato/services-and-treatments/otorhinolaryngology/throat-conditions-and-treatment/salivary-gland-disorders
    Symptoms of salivary gland disorder can include: […] A blocked saliva duct can lead to pain and swelling of the saliva gland. Typically, the glands will swell during a meal for a few minutes before gradually subsiding, only to enlarge again at the next meal. Infection with severe pain and swelling can develop if the gland is blocked for a long time without the ability to release the built-up saliva. If persistent gland swelling is left untreated, the glands may develop a severe infection or abscess. […] You may experience a swelling or enlargement of nearby lymph nodes with salivary blockage.
  • #30 Salivary stones: symptoms, aetiology, biochemical composition and treatment | British Dental Journal
    https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2014.1054
    The salivary flow rate of patients with sialolithiasis decreases when the mass of the sialolith increases. The mean submandibular salivary flow rate in patients with a submandibular stone was 38% lower compared to healthy individuals. Long-term obstruction of the salivary flow may increase intraglandular pressure, leading to destruction of the salivary gland and formation of connective tissue. […] Recurrence of sialoliths is rather uncommon, and is estimated to occur in 1-10% of the patients.
  • #31 Parotid Duct Obstruction | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/parotid-duct-obstruction.html
    If you have parotid duct obstruction, you may have symptoms, such as pain and swelling, near the back of your jaw. Some people have only swelling or only pain. Symptoms may often come and go. They are often worse during eating, when your salivary gland makes more saliva. […] If your gland stays blocked for a long time, it may over time stop making saliva. At this point, your parotid gland might feel firm. But it may no longer be painful or swollen. […] The symptoms of parotid duct obstruction may look like other health conditions or problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
  • #32 Salivary gland tumors – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salivary-gland-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354151
    Signs and symptoms of a salivary gland tumor may include: […] A lump or swelling on or near the jaw or in the neck or mouth. […] Muscle weakness on one side of the face. […] Numbness in part of the face. […] Ongoing pain near a salivary gland. […] Trouble opening the mouth widely. […] Trouble swallowing.
  • #33 Salivary stones: Your questions answered | Top Doctors
    https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/salivary-stones-your-questions-answered
    Salivary stones, or sialolithiasis, are calcifications that can block the flow of saliva to the mouth. […] If the salivary stones block saliva or the salivary tubes, people can experience significant swelling and pain when eating or before eating, which causes distress. […] Salivary stones are not dangerous as such (meaning that they are not a cause of death), but they need to be treated if they are causing obstruction, in order to relieve the flow of saliva back into the mouth. Infections can also develop in the salivary glands as a result of the salivary stones and in some immunocompromised people, these infections can go on to become serious conditions, such as sepsis. […] Salivary stones cause pain and obstruction, which can lead to very painful swelling of the salivary glands. If salivary glands cause blockage, then they need to be removed.
  • #34 Stones Of Salivary Gland: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment, Expert Weighs In | OnlyMyHealth
    https://www.onlymyhealth.com/salivary-gland-stones-causes-symptoms-treatment-1676532893
    Also known as sialolithiasis, salivary gland stones can lead to severe pain and inflammation. […] When saliva is not released, there will be a shortage of it in the mouth, which could lead to problems like dry mouth, improper digestion, and bad breath. If not treated, a dry mouth (xerostomia) can lead to infection, cavities, and gum disease. […] As per Dr Kishkindha, if the duct in which saliva is flowing has any mineral or calcium deposition, then the saliva flow will not be maintained, due to which the saliva will go back, accumulating in the salivary gland, causing severe pain and inflammation.
  • #35 Symptoms of Salivary Gland Stones: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
    https://entspecialistbangalore.in/articles/what-are-the-symptoms-of-salivary-gland-stones/
    When spit (saliva) cannot exit a blocked tube (duct), it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling of the gland. The most common symptoms are pain and swelling of the affected gland at mealtime. Some people with salivary gland stones have no symptoms at all. […] A salivary stone is usually a one-off event. After it is removed there are usually no further problems. However, some people develop one or more further stones at some later time. Sometimes several stones form in the same gland. […] An operation to remove the whole gland is recommended option for people who develop recurring or multiple stones, recurrent infections or with very large stones.
  • #36 Salivary Gland Stones | UCI Head and Neck Surgery – UCI ENT Doctors – Otolaryngologists
    https://uciheadandneck.com/clinical-specialties/salivary-gland-stones/
    Sialolithiasis, or salivary gland stones, are collections of minerals that create small stones in the salivary ducts in the mouth. […] When a salivary gland stone starts to form, there may be no symptoms at all. As it increases in size, however, there can be swelling of the mouth and pain. The swelling can be worse with eating as the body produces extra saliva. Patients may also notice dry mouth and pain with mouth movements. The saliva that is stuck behind the stone can build up and become infected, which may lead to a fever, redness to the area, or a bad taste in the mouth. […] Some people develop repeat salivary gland stones that can damage the glands themselves, and, at that point, a specialist may recommend the removal of the entire salivary gland.
  • #37 Removing Salivary Stones – Eye & Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh
    https://eyeandear.org/2021/11/removing-salivary-stones/
    Recovery time increases with the size of the stone. A basic salivary endoscopy means just recovering from the anesthesia. There is no post-operative medicine or pain. A very large stone and incision means being uncomfortable for three to five days. Patients are not back to normal for a week or even two, but only off work for about three days. For patients whose stones have to be approached from outside the face, it takes five to seven days until they are back to full function.
  • #38 Salivary Stone Release – Exodontia
    https://exodontia.info/salivary-stone-release/
    There will be swelling afterwards though it will not be obvious from the outside. Sucking an ice-cube at the op site will help to decrease the swelling. Avoidance in the first few hours post-op of alcohol, exercise or hot foods / drinks will decrease the degree of swelling that can develop. […] If the stone has caused multiple infections in the Submandibular Gland, this may have damaged the gland so much that removal of the stone will have no beneficial effects. If this is the case, the Submandibular Gland may need to be removed.
  • #39 How to Diagnose Salivary Gland Stones – Prof. Dr. Teoman Dal, ENT Specialist
    https://www.teomandal.com/en/how-to-diagnose-salivary-gland-stones
    If patients diagnosed with salivary gland stones have symptoms such as swelling of the glands accompanied by pain, fever, purulent discharge into the mouth, redness and tenderness on the skin in the site of the salivary gland due to active infection, first the acute infection should be treated with appropriate antibiotics, painkillers, and edema-reducing medications as well as plenty of fluid intake and massage practices. […] After the elimination of the active infection symptoms, the size, number and locations of the stones, and the condition of the salivary glands and ducts should be assessed through ultrasonography. […] Salivary gland stones cannot be treated with medications and should be removed with interventional surgical procedures. […] The therapeutic approach of surgical removal of the salivary glands in patients with salivary gland stones has today become considerably less common, after the beginning of the availability of the technologies that make it possible to reduce large stones by breaking them with the sialendoscopy procedure.
  • #40 Sialolithiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549845/
    Sialolithiasis is the most frequent cause of salivary gland swelling, affecting the major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. […] The most frequent symptoms are cyclical gland swelling and pain associated with meals. […] There are various presenting symptoms, with the most common being cyclical postprandial swelling of the affected gland and decreased salivary flow. […] Patients with obstructing stones will commonly present a history of unilateral salivary gland swelling and acute onset of pain that worsens with meals. […] The primary complications of sialolithiasis are the development of sialadenitis, acute or chronic, and atrophy of the affected salivary gland. Obstruction of the salivary glands by a sialolith blocks the flow of saliva resulting in swelling and pain. […] Patients should be informed that sialolithiasis has an excellent prognosis and resolves with conservative management in most cases.