Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=aa48238&lang=en-ca

  A hallucination is a perception of something that is not really there. It can involve sight, hearing, taste, smell, and/or touch. For example, you may hear voices that nobody else hears or see something that nobody else sees. […] You probably will know if a person with schizophrenia is having a hallucination. It may scare you, because you can’t see why the person is behaving as he or she is. The person also may be very scared. Remain calm, and try to help the person. […] Tell the person that he or she is having a hallucination and that you do not see or hear what he or she does. […] The person needs to feel that it’s okay to talk to you about his or her symptoms. […] Help the person find ways to handle the hallucinations. This can include listening to music or watching TV.

• #2 Hallucinations: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm

  Hallucinations involve sensing things such as visions, sounds, or smells that seem real but are not. These things are created by the mind. […] Hearing voices when no one has spoken (the most common type of hallucination). These voices may be positive, negative, or neutral. They may command someone to do something that may cause harm to themselves or others. […] A person who begins to hallucinate and is detached from reality should get checked by their health care provider right away. Many medical and mental conditions that can cause hallucinations may quickly become emergencies. The person should not be left alone. […] A person who smells odors that are not there should also be evaluated by their provider. These hallucinations may be caused by medical conditions such as epilepsy and Parkinson disease. […] Treatment depends on the cause of your hallucinations.

• #3 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  Approximately 3 percent of the people in the United States experience psychosis at some point in their lives. About 100,000 adolescents and young adults in the US experience their first episode of psychosis each year. The term psychosis describes conditions where there is a loss of contact with reality. When a person experiences psychosis, their thoughts and perceptions are disturbed, and the individual has difficulty understanding what is real and what is not real. Symptoms of psychosis include delusions and hallucinations, where the client is seeing, hearing, or experiencing other sensations and experiences that aren’t real. Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, or severe anxiety, but there are also other potential causes.

• #4 Auditory hallucination – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination

  An auditory hallucination, or paracusia, is a form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus. While experiencing an auditory hallucination, the affected person hears a sound or sounds that did not come from the natural environment. […] A common form of auditory hallucination involves hearing one or more voices without a speaker present, known as an auditory verbal hallucination. This may be associated with psychotic disorders, most notably schizophrenia, and this phenomenon is often used to diagnose these conditions. […] However, individuals without any psychiatric disease whatsoever may hear voices, including those under the influence of mind-altering substances, such as cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, and PCP. […] There are three main categories into which the hearing of talking voices often fall: a person hearing a voice speak one’s thoughts, a person hearing one or more voices arguing, or a person hearing a voice narrating their own actions.

• #5 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  Treatment for psychosis is based on its cause. For example, if psychosis is caused by a medical condition, side effects of medication, or withdrawal from a substance, it will resolve as these conditions are treated. If psychosis is a symptom of mental illness, treatment typically includes a combination of antipsychotic medicines and psychological therapies. […] Hallucinations feel very real to the person experiencing them and can be distracting during their interactions with others. Hallucinations can be supportive or terrifying, faint or loud, or episodic or constant. […] When assessing hallucinations, do not imply the perceptions are real. For example, a nurse should ask the client, What do you hear? not What are the voices saying? It is important to assess for command hallucinations, such as, Are you hearing a voice that is telling you to do something, followed by, Do you believe what you hear is real? If the answer is Yes, the client is at increased risk for acting on the command.

• #6 Hear Voices in Your Head? When to Be Concerned

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/i-hear-voices-in-my-head

  Auditory hallucinations, or hearing voices, are relatively common. They can happen because of a mental health condition or during times of stress, grief, or lack of sleep. […] Research from 2020 notes that up to 15% of the general population experiences auditory hallucinations. […] These auditory hallucinations can happen with or without other mental health symptoms. […] The authors of that report urge mental health professionals to avoid diagnosing schizophrenia or any psychotic disorder when someone reports hearing voices without other symptoms. […] Voices that occur with mental health conditions tend to: start slowly and intensify, then end gradually rather than all at once; last longer; seem to come from an external source; accompany or contribute to delusions; get in the way of everyday life.

• #7 Auditory Hallucinations: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23233-auditory-hallucinations

  Auditory hallucinations happen when you hear voices or noises that dont exist in reality. In some cases, theyre temporary and harmless, while in others, they may be a sign of a more serious mental health or neurological condition. Auditory hallucinations have many possible causes. […] Auditory hallucinations are often associated with schizophrenia and other mental health conditions, but they can happen for several other reasons, such as hearing loss, and arent always a sign of a mental health condition. […] Approximately 75% of people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations usually hearing voices. […] Healthcare providers only prescribe medication to manage auditory hallucinations if theyre part of an underlying chronic condition. […] For people with mental health conditions who experience auditory hallucinations, psychotherapy (talk therapy) can help in conjunction with medication. […] Auditory hallucinations have several causes some of which are normal and harmless. But if youre experiencing auditory hallucinations that are causing you distress, talk to your healthcare provider.

• #8 Hallucinations: Types, causes, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327014

  Hallucinations can be a sign of a mental health illness, but they do not always mean a person is unwell. Hallucinations are, in fact, relatively common. […] One 2015 study from Europe found that 7.3 percent of people reported a life-long experience of hearing voices. A further study from South Africa on hallucinations in the general population put the rate higher at 12.7%. […] Hallucinations can happen any time there is a change in brain activity. For example, some people are more vulnerable to hallucinations when they are falling asleep or partially waking. […] Auditory hallucinations: These are when someone hears something that is not there, such as a voice or radio. […] People with anxiety and depression may experience periodic hallucinations. The hallucinations are typically very brief and often relate to the specific emotions the person is feeling.

• #9 Hallucinations and Schizophrenia

  https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/encyclopedia/142,TY6474_VA

  You may also experience hallucinations that are not considered to be symptoms of a mental illness. They may happen when you are about to fall asleep. These are called hypnagogic hallucinations. Or they may happen when you are just waking up. These are called hypnopompic hallucinations. You may also experience hallucinations if you take illegal drugs, such as LSD.

• #10 Hear Voices in Your Head? When to Be Concerned

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/i-hear-voices-in-my-head

  Research from 2023 suggests cultural background could play a part in the type of voice you hear. […] Symptoms of schizophrenia and related conditions typically appear in early adulthood. They’re characterized by a disconnect from reality, which usually includes auditory or visual hallucinations as well as delusions. […] Auditory hallucinations can also show up as a symptom of some medical and mental health concerns. […] Some people hear voices after experiencing a traumatic event. PTSD often causes extreme physical and emotional distress, so it can have a big impact on daily life. […] It’s possible to have auditory hallucinations with many different mental health conditions, though not everyone with these conditions will ever hear voices. […] You could hear voices with health conditions that affect the brain or nervous system.

• #11 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom experienced by individuals with various psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. […] As a nurse, your role in caring for individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations is crucial. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to address and manage auditory hallucinations effectively. […] Disturbed Sensory Perception related to auditory hallucinations. […] Risk for Self-Harm related to the distress caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Impaired Social Interaction is related to difficulty in differentiating real voices from hallucinations. […] Ineffective Coping related to the distress and interference caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Regularly assess and document the characteristics and frequency of auditory hallucinations to monitor changes in perception.

• #12 11.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/nursingmhcc/chapter/11-4-applying-the-nursing-process/

  Assessment includes interviewing the client, observing verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and completing a mental status examination and a psychosocial assessment. […] Common findings during a mental status examination for a client with schizophrenia experiencing an acute psychotic episode are described in Table 11.4a. […] It is also important to assess for suicide risk for clients with psychosis. […] Hallucinations (false sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli that can include any of the five senses such as visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory) […] When assessing hallucinations, do not imply the perceptions are real. […] It is important to assess for command hallucinations, such as, Are you hearing a voice that is telling you to do something, followed by, Do you believe what you hear is real?

• #13 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  Treatment for psychosis is based on its cause. For example, if psychosis is caused by a medical condition, side effects of medication, or withdrawal from a substance, it will resolve as these conditions are treated. If psychosis is a symptom of mental illness, treatment typically includes a combination of antipsychotic medicines and psychological therapies. […] Hallucinations feel very real to the person experiencing them and can be distracting during their interactions with others. Hallucinations can be supportive or terrifying, faint or loud, or episodic or constant. […] When assessing hallucinations, do not imply the perceptions are real. For example, a nurse should ask the client, What do you hear? not What are the voices saying? It is important to assess for command hallucinations, such as, Are you hearing a voice that is telling you to do something, followed by, Do you believe what you hear is real? If the answer is Yes, the client is at increased risk for acting on the command.

• #14 11.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/nursingmhcc/chapter/11-4-applying-the-nursing-process/

  Assess when the hallucinations began, their content, and the manner in which the client experiences them (i.e., Are they supportive or distressing? In the background or intrusive?). […] When assessing delusions, determine if the client is capable of reality testing (i.e., questioning their thoughts and determining what is real). […] Clients with command hallucinations require close monitoring for suicide, homicide, and other violence risk. […] Hallucinations feel very real to the person experiencing them and can be distracting during their interactions with others. […] Command hallucinations, suicidal ideation, or homicidal ideation requires safety measures as previously discussed in the Provide Safety subsection. […] Avoid referring to the hallucinations as if they were real to promote reality testing. […] Address any underlying emotion, need, or theme indicated by the hallucination. […] Focus on reality-based activities in the here and now, such as a conversation or simple project. […] Teach the client to compare their perceptions to trusted others.

• #15 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  When working with a client who has a history of hallucinations, watch for hallucination indicators, such as eyes tracking an unheard speaker, muttering or talking to oneself, appearing distracted, suddenly stopping a conversation as if interrupted, or intently watching a vacant area of the room. Ask about the content of the hallucinations and if they are experiencing command hallucinations. Assess how the client is reacting to the hallucinations, especially if they are exhibiting anxiety, fear, or distress. […] Patient Education: Teaching Clients How to Manage Hallucinations includes strategies such as managing stress and stimulation, using other sounds to compete with the hallucinations, and determining what is real and unreal by looking at others.

• #16 11.4 Applying the Nursing Process to Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/nursingmhcc/chapter/11-4-applying-the-nursing-process/

  Assess when the hallucinations began, their content, and the manner in which the client experiences them (i.e., Are they supportive or distressing? In the background or intrusive?). […] When assessing delusions, determine if the client is capable of reality testing (i.e., questioning their thoughts and determining what is real). […] Clients with command hallucinations require close monitoring for suicide, homicide, and other violence risk. […] Hallucinations feel very real to the person experiencing them and can be distracting during their interactions with others. […] Command hallucinations, suicidal ideation, or homicidal ideation requires safety measures as previously discussed in the Provide Safety subsection. […] Avoid referring to the hallucinations as if they were real to promote reality testing. […] Address any underlying emotion, need, or theme indicated by the hallucination. […] Focus on reality-based activities in the here and now, such as a conversation or simple project. […] Teach the client to compare their perceptions to trusted others.

• #17 The Role of Verbal Auditory Hallucinations in Influencing and Retrospectively Predicting Physical Harm Prevalence in Early Psychosis

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/20/ELOCATOR/e17450179286452/FULLTEXT/

  Research has established a relationship between psychosis and physical harm in the early course of psychosis. However, little is known about the relationship between specific psychosis symptoms, such as hearing voices, and physical harm. […] This study aimed to determine the prevalence and typology of physical harm related to hearing voices, as well as what aspects of the voice-hearing experience retrospectively predicted incidents of harm within an Early Intervention in Psychosis Service (EIPS). […] It was found that 32.2% of EI patients had an actual incident of physical harm in their case notes that was causally linked to hearing voices. […] Verbal auditory hallucinations commonly influence physical harm in the early course of psychosis. […] Hearing commands and/or believing the voice to be omnipotent are strong retrospective-correlative predictors that may aid in the assessment and therapeutic intervention.

• #18 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  Treatment for psychosis is based on its cause. For example, if psychosis is caused by a medical condition, side effects of medication, or withdrawal from a substance, it will resolve as these conditions are treated. If psychosis is a symptom of mental illness, treatment typically includes a combination of antipsychotic medicines and psychological therapies. […] Hallucinations feel very real to the person experiencing them and can be distracting during their interactions with others. Hallucinations can be supportive or terrifying, faint or loud, or episodic or constant. […] When assessing hallucinations, do not imply the perceptions are real. For example, a nurse should ask the client, What do you hear? not What are the voices saying? It is important to assess for command hallucinations, such as, Are you hearing a voice that is telling you to do something, followed by, Do you believe what you hear is real? If the answer is Yes, the client is at increased risk for acting on the command.

• #19 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Provide a quiet and calm environment to minimize external stimuli that may exacerbate hallucinations. […] Encourage the patient to engage in reality-based activities and distractions to shift focus away from hallucinatory experiences. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to determine the need for medication adjustments or additions to manage hallucinations. […] Assess the patients risk factors for self-harm and implement appropriate safety measures, such as removing potentially harmful objects. […] Develop a trusting therapeutic relationship with the patient to facilitate open communication about their experiences and emotions. […] Teach the patient coping skills, such as deep breathing exercises or grounding techniques, to manage distress caused by hallucinations. […] Collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to develop a crisis plan and ensure the availability of emergency contacts if self-harm ideation arises.

• #20 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  The nursing care plan for hallucinations involves a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to address the complexities of this perceptual disturbance. Hallucinations, characterized by sensory experiences without corresponding external stimuli, can profoundly impact an individuals perception of reality, leading to emotional distress and impaired daily functioning. The nursing care plan aims to assess, manage, and support patients experiencing hallucinations, focusing on their safety, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. […] Through non-judgmental and empathetic communication, nurses engage with patients experiencing hallucinations, providing emotional support and validation of their feelings and experiences. The care plan emphasizes patient education, ensuring that individuals are informed about their condition, its potential causes, and available treatment options.

• #21 Nursing Diagnosis for Schizophrenia: 6 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/schizophrenia-nursing-care-plans/

  Help the client identify times when the hallucinations are most prevalent and frightening. […] If voices tell the client to harm themself or others, take necessary environmental precautions. […] Stay with clients when they are starting to hallucinate and direct them to tell the voices they hear to go away. […] Work with the client to find which activities help reduce anxiety and distract the client from hallucinatory material. […] Engage the client in reality-based activities such as card playing, writing, drawing, doing simple arts and crafts, or listening to music. […] Teach the client to remove himself briefly when feeling agitated and work on some anxiety relief exercises (e.g., meditations, rhythmic exercise, deep breathing exercise). […] Use therapeutic techniques (clarifying feelings when speech and thoughts are disorganized) to try to understand the clients concerns.

• #22 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Provide a quiet and calm environment to minimize external stimuli that may exacerbate hallucinations. […] Encourage the patient to engage in reality-based activities and distractions to shift focus away from hallucinatory experiences. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to determine the need for medication adjustments or additions to manage hallucinations. […] Assess the patients risk factors for self-harm and implement appropriate safety measures, such as removing potentially harmful objects. […] Develop a trusting therapeutic relationship with the patient to facilitate open communication about their experiences and emotions. […] Teach the patient coping skills, such as deep breathing exercises or grounding techniques, to manage distress caused by hallucinations. […] Collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to develop a crisis plan and ensure the availability of emergency contacts if self-harm ideation arises.

• #23 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment, nurses can identify the nature and impact of the hallucinations on the patients well-being and daily functioning. Close monitoring, documentation, and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential to ensure a holistic approach to care for patients experiencing hallucinations. […] By identifying these nursing diagnosis for hallucinations, nurses can develop individualized care plans that address the patients unique needs and challenges associated with hallucinations. Implementing evidence-based interventions and providing emotional support are essential in promoting the patients well-being and assisting them in coping with their hallucinatory experiences. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients experiencing hallucinations. Through a person-centered and holistic approach, nurses aim to promote the patients emotional well-being, reduce distress, and facilitate their recovery journey.

• #24 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Assess the patients social skills and provide guidance and support to help differentiate between real voices and hallucinations. […] Encourage participation in group therapy or support groups to provide opportunities for social interaction and shared experiences. […] Collaborate with the psychiatric team to consider the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or social skills training to improve social interaction. […] Establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, providing emotional support and validation of their experiences. […] Educate the patient and their family about auditory hallucinations, their nature, and strategies to cope with them effectively. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to explore pharmacological interventions, such as antipsychotic medications, to reduce the intensity and frequency of hallucinations.

• #25 Chapter 11 Psychosis and Schizophrenia – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590027/

  When working with a client who has a history of hallucinations, watch for hallucination indicators, such as eyes tracking an unheard speaker, muttering or talking to oneself, appearing distracted, suddenly stopping a conversation as if interrupted, or intently watching a vacant area of the room. Ask about the content of the hallucinations and if they are experiencing command hallucinations. Assess how the client is reacting to the hallucinations, especially if they are exhibiting anxiety, fear, or distress. […] Patient Education: Teaching Clients How to Manage Hallucinations includes strategies such as managing stress and stimulation, using other sounds to compete with the hallucinations, and determining what is real and unreal by looking at others.

• #26 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Assess the patients social skills and provide guidance and support to help differentiate between real voices and hallucinations. […] Encourage participation in group therapy or support groups to provide opportunities for social interaction and shared experiences. […] Collaborate with the psychiatric team to consider the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or social skills training to improve social interaction. […] Establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, providing emotional support and validation of their experiences. […] Educate the patient and their family about auditory hallucinations, their nature, and strategies to cope with them effectively. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to explore pharmacological interventions, such as antipsychotic medications, to reduce the intensity and frequency of hallucinations.

• #27 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  You can speak to your GP about your concerns. They will be able to talk to you about treatment options and coping strategies. […] Your GP should refer you to a mental health team if its your first time hearing voices and asking for help. […] Antipsychotic medication can help with hearing voices. Medication may not make symptoms go away, but it can make voices seem distant or less noticeable. […] There are different types of talking therapies recommended for people who hear voices. […] CBT can help you to manage your voices and to notice any patterns with the voices. […] Family intervention is where you and your family work with mental health professionals to help you to manage your relationships. […] Therapy helped me to understand that the negative male voice was part of me. […] If you are not happy with your treatment you can: talk to your doctor about your treatment options, ask for a second opinion, get an advocate to help you speak to your doctor.

• #28 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Provide a quiet and calm environment to minimize external stimuli that may exacerbate hallucinations. […] Encourage the patient to engage in reality-based activities and distractions to shift focus away from hallucinatory experiences. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to determine the need for medication adjustments or additions to manage hallucinations. […] Assess the patients risk factors for self-harm and implement appropriate safety measures, such as removing potentially harmful objects. […] Develop a trusting therapeutic relationship with the patient to facilitate open communication about their experiences and emotions. […] Teach the patient coping skills, such as deep breathing exercises or grounding techniques, to manage distress caused by hallucinations. […] Collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to develop a crisis plan and ensure the availability of emergency contacts if self-harm ideation arises.

• #29 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Encourage the patient to engage in stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness or relaxation exercises, to promote effective coping. […] Improved perception of reality and decreased distress related to auditory hallucinations. […] Absence of self-harming behaviors and increased safety awareness. […] Enhanced social interactions and improved ability to differentiate real voices from hallucinations. […] Demonstrated the use of effective coping strategies to manage distress caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Regularly document the patients progress, interventions provided, and the outcomes achieved. […] This nursing care plan is a general guideline and should be individualized according to the patients specific needs, preferences, and underlying psychiatric conditions.

• #30 Hallucinations and hearing voices – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/hallucinations-hearing-voices/

  Hallucinations are where you hear, see, smell, taste or feel things that appear to be real but only exist in your mind. Get medical help if you or someone else have hallucinations. […] You may have hallucinations if you: hear sounds or voices that nobody else hears. […] Common causes of hallucinations include: mental health conditions like schizophrenia or a bipolar disorder. […] You or someone else have hallucinations. […] hear voices telling you to harm yourself or someone else. […] Treatment for hallucinations will depend on what’s causing it. […] For example, if you have a mental health condition like schizophrenia, you may be given therapy or medicine to help reduce your hallucinations.

• #31 Hallucinations: Definition, Causes, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23350-hallucinations

  Hallucinations are typically a symptom of a psychosis-related disorder, particularly schizophrenia, but they can also result from substance use, neurological conditions and some temporary situations. […] Hearing voices is the most common type of hallucination in people with these mental health conditions. […] The treatment for hallucinations depends on the cause. Hallucinations caused by temporary conditions, such as high fever, severe dehydration or infection, will resolve once the underlying condition has been treated. […] Certain medications and therapies may help treat hallucinations in people with chronic conditions that cause them, including: Typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic medications may help decrease the frequency and severity of hallucinations in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features. […] If you or someone you know is experiencing hallucinations and is detached from reality, you or they should get checked by a healthcare provider as soon as possible.

• #32 Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder | Psychological Medicine | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/auditory-hallucinations-not-necessarily-a-hallmark-of-psychotic-disorder/FA5721C751DEE83F9A43C89AE6302429

  In this paper, we argue for a clearer distinction between AH as part of a psychotic disorder and those experienced in a different context, as the former may be an indication for antipsychotic drugs, while the latter may benefit from an alternative therapeutic approach. […] Hallucinations in these different groups of clinical disorders can be persistent and distressing, and be associated with a depressed mood, anxiety, and suicidal behavior. […] Even though such AH can also present with significant impairments in social, occupational and other areas of functioning, they are not always accompanied by problems with reality testing, lack of insight or disturbed beliefs, and therefore cannot be considered as part of a psychotic disorder. […] Although antipsychotic medication can be very effective and potentially life-saving in individuals with psychotic disorders, it is questionable whether it should be offered to all individuals with AH. […] The presence of persistent AH does not equate the presence of a psychotic disorder, and should therefore not uncritically be diagnosed or treated as such.

• #33 Auditory hallucination – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination

  Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to help decrease the frequency and distressfulness of auditory hallucinations, particularly when other psychotic symptoms were presenting. […] Enhanced supportive therapy has been shown to reduce the frequency of auditory hallucinations, the violent resistance the patient displayed towards said hallucinations, and an overall decrease in the perceived malignancy of the hallucinations. […] Another key to therapy is to help patients see that they do not need to obey the voices that they are hearing. […] It has been seen in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations that therapy might help confer insight into recognising and choosing to not obey the voices that they hear. […] Between 25% and 30% of schizophrenia patients do not respond to antipsychotic medication which has led researchers to look for alternate sources to help them. […] Two common methods to help are electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #34 Auditory Hallucinations: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23233-auditory-hallucinations

  Auditory hallucinations happen when you hear voices or noises that dont exist in reality. In some cases, theyre temporary and harmless, while in others, they may be a sign of a more serious mental health or neurological condition. Auditory hallucinations have many possible causes. […] Auditory hallucinations are often associated with schizophrenia and other mental health conditions, but they can happen for several other reasons, such as hearing loss, and arent always a sign of a mental health condition. […] Approximately 75% of people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations usually hearing voices. […] Healthcare providers only prescribe medication to manage auditory hallucinations if theyre part of an underlying chronic condition. […] For people with mental health conditions who experience auditory hallucinations, psychotherapy (talk therapy) can help in conjunction with medication. […] Auditory hallucinations have several causes some of which are normal and harmless. But if youre experiencing auditory hallucinations that are causing you distress, talk to your healthcare provider.

• #35 Auditory hallucination – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination

  Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to help decrease the frequency and distressfulness of auditory hallucinations, particularly when other psychotic symptoms were presenting. […] Enhanced supportive therapy has been shown to reduce the frequency of auditory hallucinations, the violent resistance the patient displayed towards said hallucinations, and an overall decrease in the perceived malignancy of the hallucinations. […] Another key to therapy is to help patients see that they do not need to obey the voices that they are hearing. […] It has been seen in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations that therapy might help confer insight into recognising and choosing to not obey the voices that they hear. […] Between 25% and 30% of schizophrenia patients do not respond to antipsychotic medication which has led researchers to look for alternate sources to help them. […] Two common methods to help are electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #36 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  You can speak to your GP about your concerns. They will be able to talk to you about treatment options and coping strategies. […] Your GP should refer you to a mental health team if its your first time hearing voices and asking for help. […] Antipsychotic medication can help with hearing voices. Medication may not make symptoms go away, but it can make voices seem distant or less noticeable. […] There are different types of talking therapies recommended for people who hear voices. […] CBT can help you to manage your voices and to notice any patterns with the voices. […] Family intervention is where you and your family work with mental health professionals to help you to manage your relationships. […] Therapy helped me to understand that the negative male voice was part of me. […] If you are not happy with your treatment you can: talk to your doctor about your treatment options, ask for a second opinion, get an advocate to help you speak to your doctor.

• #37 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Assess the patients social skills and provide guidance and support to help differentiate between real voices and hallucinations. […] Encourage participation in group therapy or support groups to provide opportunities for social interaction and shared experiences. […] Collaborate with the psychiatric team to consider the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or social skills training to improve social interaction. […] Establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, providing emotional support and validation of their experiences. […] Educate the patient and their family about auditory hallucinations, their nature, and strategies to cope with them effectively. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to explore pharmacological interventions, such as antipsychotic medications, to reduce the intensity and frequency of hallucinations.

• #38 Auditory Hallucinations in Psychiatric Illness

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/auditory-hallucinations-psychiatric-illness

  Stress has been implicated in provoking episodes of auditory hallucinations. For instance, the frequency of auditory hallucinations is particularly high in the context of bereavement and sensory deprivations. […] The presence of hallucinations does not necessarily imply a need for medical treatment if the experience is not intrusive and does not interfere with everyday activities. When treatment is required, antipsychotic medication is usually the treatment of choice in organic and psychiatric conditions. […] Many psychological treatments target the idiosyncratic ways that individuals respond to an abnormal perceptual experience, based on the understanding that this influences their coping strategies and emotional response. […] There is increasing evidence that peer support groups (voice-hearers networks) can help alleviate the impact of voices. Self-help groups often encourage patients to take responsibility for their hallucinatory experience, to accept the voices, and to cope with them. […] Auditory hallucinations are much more than false perceptions. The combination of personalized contents and interpretational processes contributes to a dynamic and emotionally charged experience that can be better described as a belief system rooted in a perceptual experience.

• #39 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Assess the patients social skills and provide guidance and support to help differentiate between real voices and hallucinations. […] Encourage participation in group therapy or support groups to provide opportunities for social interaction and shared experiences. […] Collaborate with the psychiatric team to consider the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or social skills training to improve social interaction. […] Establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, providing emotional support and validation of their experiences. […] Educate the patient and their family about auditory hallucinations, their nature, and strategies to cope with them effectively. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to explore pharmacological interventions, such as antipsychotic medications, to reduce the intensity and frequency of hallucinations.

• #40 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #41

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=aa48238&lang=en-ca

  A hallucination is a perception of something that is not really there. It can involve sight, hearing, taste, smell, and/or touch. For example, you may hear voices that nobody else hears or see something that nobody else sees. […] You probably will know if a person with schizophrenia is having a hallucination. It may scare you, because you can’t see why the person is behaving as he or she is. The person also may be very scared. Remain calm, and try to help the person. […] Tell the person that he or she is having a hallucination and that you do not see or hear what he or she does. […] The person needs to feel that it’s okay to talk to you about his or her symptoms. […] Help the person find ways to handle the hallucinations. This can include listening to music or watching TV.

• #42 Hallucinations and dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/hallucinations

  Antipsychotic medication can sometimes help to reduce severe or distressing hallucinations. […] If the person you care for regularly hallucinates, make an appointment for them to see their GP. […] When a person is hallucinating, how you respond has a big impact on their experience and wellbeing. […] People are less likely to hear voices that are not there when they are talking to someone real. Having company may help. […] When seeing the GP for support with hallucinations, it will help to bring details of: what the person saw or sensed, what time of day it happened, and after what event (for example a nap, meal, or exercise).

• #43 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #44 How do you cope with their auditory hallucinations without going mad? – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/questions/cope-with-their-auditory-hallucinations-430019.htm

  I think to myself every night. Stay calm. Don’t resist. Don’t correct. Go along with it. But how do you do it, night after night without going crazy. […] He is diagnosed with dementia. For the past few years he has had auditory hallucinations of people out to get him. […] The decision to use Olanzapine is against his Dr’s wishes as she is concerned it could cause a stroke or heart attack. […] So how do you not go raving mad coping with it night after night after night. […] I have no support really. […] There is a meeting with aged care mental health this week and I’m hoping they can help me to cope better with dad. […] The one sure way to keep from going crazy yourself is to get some distance from your dad. […] If not, my suggestion would be to take your dad to the hospital the next time he begins hallucinating. […] I agree with finding the right medication. What he is taking is not working. […] It may take a little trial and error to find the right meds but they will help. […] You need to treat yourself as a priority.

• #45 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  You can speak to your GP about your concerns. They will be able to talk to you about treatment options and coping strategies. […] Your GP should refer you to a mental health team if its your first time hearing voices and asking for help. […] Antipsychotic medication can help with hearing voices. Medication may not make symptoms go away, but it can make voices seem distant or less noticeable. […] There are different types of talking therapies recommended for people who hear voices. […] CBT can help you to manage your voices and to notice any patterns with the voices. […] Family intervention is where you and your family work with mental health professionals to help you to manage your relationships. […] Therapy helped me to understand that the negative male voice was part of me. […] If you are not happy with your treatment you can: talk to your doctor about your treatment options, ask for a second opinion, get an advocate to help you speak to your doctor.

• #46 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #47 Nursing Diagnosis for Schizophrenia: 6 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/schizophrenia-nursing-care-plans/

  Help the client identify times when the hallucinations are most prevalent and frightening. […] If voices tell the client to harm themself or others, take necessary environmental precautions. […] Stay with clients when they are starting to hallucinate and direct them to tell the voices they hear to go away. […] Work with the client to find which activities help reduce anxiety and distract the client from hallucinatory material. […] Engage the client in reality-based activities such as card playing, writing, drawing, doing simple arts and crafts, or listening to music. […] Teach the client to remove himself briefly when feeling agitated and work on some anxiety relief exercises (e.g., meditations, rhythmic exercise, deep breathing exercise). […] Use therapeutic techniques (clarifying feelings when speech and thoughts are disorganized) to try to understand the clients concerns.

• #48

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=aa48238&lang=en-ca

  A hallucination is a perception of something that is not really there. It can involve sight, hearing, taste, smell, and/or touch. For example, you may hear voices that nobody else hears or see something that nobody else sees. […] You probably will know if a person with schizophrenia is having a hallucination. It may scare you, because you can’t see why the person is behaving as he or she is. The person also may be very scared. Remain calm, and try to help the person. […] Tell the person that he or she is having a hallucination and that you do not see or hear what he or she does. […] The person needs to feel that it’s okay to talk to you about his or her symptoms. […] Help the person find ways to handle the hallucinations. This can include listening to music or watching TV.

• #49 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #50 Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-020-0106-8

  Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control. […] Evidence suggests that this ability may be a key factor in determining health status, but little systematic examination of control in AVH has been carried out. […] Non-treatment-seeking voice-hearing populations also consistently endorse a higher degree of control over their experiences than their treatment-seeking counterparts. […] Perhaps most strikingly, some individuals in non-treatment-seeking groups report an ability to control the onset and offset of their voices, which may make the experience of living with these voices significantly less disruptive and distressing. […] Regardless of type, degree of perceived control over the voice-hearing experience appears to be critical for the level of distress or dysfunction experienced by the voice hearer.

• #51 Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-020-0106-8

  Birchwood et al. first identified that distress among patients with psychosis is potentially related to a perceived lack of control over their illness, including hallucinations. […] These findings are extremely common in descriptions of non-treatment-seeking voice hearers: a recent systematic review found that, of the 12 studies identified at that time to have compared perceived control in these two groups, 10 found non-treatment-seekers to have higher endorsed control, while 2 showed no difference. […] The ability to exert some degree of control over aspects of one’s auditory hallucinations may be important for long-term outcomes and overall functioning. […] Treatment approaches based upon enhancing control over one’s voices need not conflict with conventional psychiatric treatment. […] These populations, including individuals with treatment-resistant AVH and young people at clinical high risk for psychosis, may be particularly suitable to treatments based upon the findings outlined here.

• #52 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #53 Hearing voices | Mental Health Foundation

  https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/a-z-topics/hearing-voices

  Understanding how your voices relate to your life may help you to manage their voices. […] Some people find that standing up to the voices, choosing when to pay attention to them and when to ignore them, and focusing on more positive voices can help them feel more in control. Talking therapy can help you with this, as it can be difficult on your own. […] There can be a stigma around hearing voices, making it hard to talk about them, even to friends or family. Peer support groups can provide a non-judgemental space where you can feel heard, accepted and less alone.

• #54 Hallucinations and hearing voices – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/hallucinations-hearing-voices/

  Hallucinations are where you hear, see, smell, taste or feel things that appear to be real but only exist in your mind. Get medical help if you or someone else have hallucinations. […] You may have hallucinations if you: hear sounds or voices that nobody else hears. […] Common causes of hallucinations include: mental health conditions like schizophrenia or a bipolar disorder. […] You or someone else have hallucinations. […] hear voices telling you to harm yourself or someone else. […] Treatment for hallucinations will depend on what’s causing it. […] For example, if you have a mental health condition like schizophrenia, you may be given therapy or medicine to help reduce your hallucinations.

• #55 Hallucinations: Types, causes, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327014

  It is sensible to see a doctor following any hallucination, even if there are no other symptoms. It is particularly important to seek medical care if someone with an illness that may cause hallucinations experiences worsening hallucinations or other changes in mood or behavior. […] People with hallucinations and those who love them should track symptoms to measure when the hallucinations happen and whether anything seems to trigger them. This record-keeping can help a doctor better treat their symptoms.

• #56

• #57 Psychiatric nurse’s perceptions of their interactions with people who hear voices: A qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9322272/

  Nurses across both community and inpatient mental healthcare settings feel uncertain about how to interact with people hearing voices, sometimes feeling like they can do little to help. […] Nurses reported that they felt uncertain about what to do for service users hearing voices, struggled to have interactions with voice hearers, but greatly valued the therapeutic relationship with service users. […] Nurses caring for people hearing voices require more and better education and training with a view to them becoming more confident and competent when interacting with this service user group. […] The importance of the therapeutic relationship with service users hearing voices was another prominent theme. Developing a trusting relationship, where the service user felt comfortable in sharing their thoughts and emotions regarding their voices during an interaction with nurses was perceived as essential.

• #58 Psychiatric nurse’s perceptions of their interactions with people who hear voices: A qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9322272/

  Nurses across both community and inpatient mental healthcare settings feel uncertain about how to interact with people hearing voices, sometimes feeling like they can do little to help. […] Nurses reported that they felt uncertain about what to do for service users hearing voices, struggled to have interactions with voice hearers, but greatly valued the therapeutic relationship with service users. […] Nurses caring for people hearing voices require more and better education and training with a view to them becoming more confident and competent when interacting with this service user group. […] The importance of the therapeutic relationship with service users hearing voices was another prominent theme. Developing a trusting relationship, where the service user felt comfortable in sharing their thoughts and emotions regarding their voices during an interaction with nurses was perceived as essential.

• #59 Psychiatric nurse’s perceptions of their interactions with people who hear voices: A qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9322272/

  Self-doubt and uncertainty over how exactly to help people hearing voices featured heavily in three studies. […] Nurses referred to not having the adequate range of interventions to effectively care for a person hearing voices. […] This review has found that nurses greatly value therapeutic relationships, mirroring what has been written previously, with some authors going as far as to describe the therapeutic relationship as the cornerstone of mental health practice. […] This review reported an unsupportive and judgemental workplace for nurses. […] Participants in this review voiced feeling fear and apprehensiveness when providing interventions for people hearing voices.

• #60 Psychiatric nurse’s perceptions of their interactions with people who hear voices: A qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9322272/

  Nurses across both community and inpatient mental healthcare settings feel uncertain about how to interact with people hearing voices, sometimes feeling like they can do little to help. […] Nurses reported that they felt uncertain about what to do for service users hearing voices, struggled to have interactions with voice hearers, but greatly valued the therapeutic relationship with service users. […] Nurses caring for people hearing voices require more and better education and training with a view to them becoming more confident and competent when interacting with this service user group. […] The importance of the therapeutic relationship with service users hearing voices was another prominent theme. Developing a trusting relationship, where the service user felt comfortable in sharing their thoughts and emotions regarding their voices during an interaction with nurses was perceived as essential.

• #61 Benefits of nurse co-facilitation of a Hearing Voices group | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/benefits-of-nurse-co-facilitation-of-a-hearing-voices-group-28-01-2019/

  Co-facilitation challenged the nurses belief that talking about the voices would make things worse. It allowed her to improve her understanding of the concept of hearing voices; learn how to support patients using different coping strategies. […] I believe that involving mental health nurses in facilitating such groups is very important, as it allows us to work more closely with patients towards their recovery. […] Both the facilitators found that having a nurse as co-facilitator allowed them to model skills that were effective in helping patients engage with their voices. […] The presence of the mental health nurse as co-facilitator generated interesting discussions within the multidisciplinary team particularly among doctors and other nursing staff on the usefulness of exploring the voices that people hear and what they say. […] Nurses are a valuable resource in terms of co-facilitating HVGs on inpatient wards. […] Developing nurses knowledge and skills will enhance their practice, while co-facilitating a HVG will help them gain greater self-efficacy.

• #62 Psychiatric nurse’s perceptions of their interactions with people who hear voices: A qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9322272/

  Nurses across both community and inpatient mental healthcare settings feel uncertain about how to interact with people hearing voices, sometimes feeling like they can do little to help. […] Nurses reported that they felt uncertain about what to do for service users hearing voices, struggled to have interactions with voice hearers, but greatly valued the therapeutic relationship with service users. […] Nurses caring for people hearing voices require more and better education and training with a view to them becoming more confident and competent when interacting with this service user group. […] The importance of the therapeutic relationship with service users hearing voices was another prominent theme. Developing a trusting relationship, where the service user felt comfortable in sharing their thoughts and emotions regarding their voices during an interaction with nurses was perceived as essential.

• #63 Benefits of nurse co-facilitation of a Hearing Voices group | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/benefits-of-nurse-co-facilitation-of-a-hearing-voices-group-28-01-2019/

  At Black Country Partnership Foundation Trust, patients who hear voices are invited to join a Hearing Voices group co-facilitated by a mental health nurse, which has wide-ranging benefits […] This article discusses the benefits of having a mental health nurse co-facilitate a Hearing Voices group in an acute mental health hospital setting, from the perspective of group members, the nurse and other staff on the ward. […] People who hear voices can be supported effectively in ways that differ radically from the traditional psychiatric approach. […] This article describes how a mental health nurse became involved in a Hearing Voices group (HVG) and how she was able to improve her own knowledge and skills, help patients on their journey to recovery, and help other nursing staff work more therapeutically with patients.

• #64 Benefits of nurse co-facilitation of a Hearing Voices group | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/benefits-of-nurse-co-facilitation-of-a-hearing-voices-group-28-01-2019/

  Co-facilitation challenged the nurses belief that talking about the voices would make things worse. It allowed her to improve her understanding of the concept of hearing voices; learn how to support patients using different coping strategies. […] I believe that involving mental health nurses in facilitating such groups is very important, as it allows us to work more closely with patients towards their recovery. […] Both the facilitators found that having a nurse as co-facilitator allowed them to model skills that were effective in helping patients engage with their voices. […] The presence of the mental health nurse as co-facilitator generated interesting discussions within the multidisciplinary team particularly among doctors and other nursing staff on the usefulness of exploring the voices that people hear and what they say. […] Nurses are a valuable resource in terms of co-facilitating HVGs on inpatient wards. […] Developing nurses knowledge and skills will enhance their practice, while co-facilitating a HVG will help them gain greater self-efficacy.

• #65 When researchers listen to people who hear voices < Yale School of Medicine

  https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/when-researchers-listen-to-people-who-hear-voices/

  The researchers wanted to study people whod had similar experiences but didnt seek or appear to need treatment. […] The psychics passed with flying colors, leading Corlett and Powers to conclude that they hear voices much like schizophrenic patients do, but with key differencesthe voices are friendly, they can be controlled, and hearers consider them a gift instead of a burden. […] The findings, which Corlett and Powers published in the August 11, 2017, issue of Science magazine, have huge potential for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Treatments could eventually include devices to short-circuit brain activity that causes hallucinations and behavioral strategies to forestall psychosis, the researchers say. […] Whether what we [psychics] do is real or not, Im not going to argue, Quagan says. We all have different beliefs. But the underlying narrative for all of us is that we found a way to cope. We found a way to work with our experiences. Because of that, we were able to move away from what could have been a downward spiral.

• #66 Auditory hallucination – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination

  These three categories do not account for all types of auditory hallucinations. […] Auditory verbal hallucinations attributed to an external source, rather than internal, are considered the defining factor for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. […] The voices heard are generally destructive and emotive, adding to the state of artificial reality and disorientation seen in psychotic patients. […] Not all who experience hallucinations find them to be distressing. […] The relationship between an individual and their hallucinations is personal, and everyone interacts with their troubles in different ways. […] There are those who hear solely malevolent voices, solely benevolent voices, those that hear a mix of the two, and those that see them as either malevolent or benevolent and not believing the voice.

• #67 Frontiers | A comprehensive review of auditory verbal hallucinations: lifetime prevalence, correlates and mechanisms in healthy and clinical individuals

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00367/full

  A comprehensive review of auditory verbal hallucinations: lifetime prevalence, correlates and mechanisms in healthy and clinical individuals […] In children, need for care depends upon whether the child associates the voice with negative beliefs, appraisals and other symptoms of psychosis. […] It seems possible that the mechanisms which maintain AVH in non-clinical populations are different from those which are behind AVH presentations in psychotic illness. […] Future research needs to focus on the comparison of underlying factors and mechanisms that lead to the onset of AVH in both patient and non-clinical populations. […] The persistence of AVH may be more likely to precipitate the need to generate explanations of the experiences as outlined above. […] The presence of voice hearing in and of itself is not sufficient for deteriorating functioning.

• #68 What Does “Hearing Voices” Mean?

  https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/mental-health-symptoms/hearing-voices/

  People deal with voices in different ways. You might need to try different things before finding something that works for you. […] You could join a support group. A support group is where people come together to share information, experiences and give each other support. […] When you hear voices, you could: Talk back to them, Distract yourself, Ignore them, Focus on the voices you like, Set a time each day to attend to them, Stand up to them, Keep a diary to understand your voices, Use a mobile app. […] It can be common to hear unkind, negative and critical voices. […] People who hear voices are at a higher risk of suicide. […] Hearing voices can have a negative effect on relationships. […] Voices can interrupt your sleep. […] If you are a carer, friend or relative of someone who hears voices, you can get support. […] You can do the following: Speak to your GP about medication and talking therapies for yourself. […] Remember that not everyone who hears voices will have a mental illness.

• #69 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hearing-Voices-Auditory-Hallucination.aspx

  Auditory hallucination is a condition in which the brain creates the illusion of voices in a persons mind. […] Hearing voices are common; everyone at a certain point of their life feels this condition in mild forms. […] The feeling of voices heard differs with situation and time. The problem arises when a person fails to understand the relationship with those voices. Understanding the voices might help in determining severity. […] Analysis of the relationship between you and the voices heard can help you to decide what steps can be taken further. […] Such thoughts are not always friendly; they may provide an illusion of being friendly but command you to do things that are not in your comfort zone. […] People who frequently hear voices feel that they have been controlled by them. […] The voices can sometimes be unkind to people.

• #70 Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-020-0106-8

  Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control. […] Evidence suggests that this ability may be a key factor in determining health status, but little systematic examination of control in AVH has been carried out. […] Non-treatment-seeking voice-hearing populations also consistently endorse a higher degree of control over their experiences than their treatment-seeking counterparts. […] Perhaps most strikingly, some individuals in non-treatment-seeking groups report an ability to control the onset and offset of their voices, which may make the experience of living with these voices significantly less disruptive and distressing. […] Regardless of type, degree of perceived control over the voice-hearing experience appears to be critical for the level of distress or dysfunction experienced by the voice hearer.

• #71 Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-020-0106-8

  Birchwood et al. first identified that distress among patients with psychosis is potentially related to a perceived lack of control over their illness, including hallucinations. […] These findings are extremely common in descriptions of non-treatment-seeking voice hearers: a recent systematic review found that, of the 12 studies identified at that time to have compared perceived control in these two groups, 10 found non-treatment-seekers to have higher endorsed control, while 2 showed no difference. […] The ability to exert some degree of control over aspects of one’s auditory hallucinations may be important for long-term outcomes and overall functioning. […] Treatment approaches based upon enhancing control over one’s voices need not conflict with conventional psychiatric treatment. […] These populations, including individuals with treatment-resistant AVH and young people at clinical high risk for psychosis, may be particularly suitable to treatments based upon the findings outlined here.

• #72 Frontiers | A comprehensive review of auditory verbal hallucinations: lifetime prevalence, correlates and mechanisms in healthy and clinical individuals

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00367/full

  The implications of this are two fold. First, we need to stop referring to AVH and psychotic disorders as interchangeable features. […] The presence of AVH in an individual by no means indicates poor functioning, but the level of functioning is one of the most pivotal markers of whether their experience of AVH is associated with pathology. […] The most notable psychological factor which differentiates clinical from non-clinical experiences of AVH is affect regulation and subsequent negative interactions with the voices heard.

• #73 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  The nursing care plan for hallucinations involves a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to address the complexities of this perceptual disturbance. Hallucinations, characterized by sensory experiences without corresponding external stimuli, can profoundly impact an individuals perception of reality, leading to emotional distress and impaired daily functioning. The nursing care plan aims to assess, manage, and support patients experiencing hallucinations, focusing on their safety, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. […] Through non-judgmental and empathetic communication, nurses engage with patients experiencing hallucinations, providing emotional support and validation of their feelings and experiences. The care plan emphasizes patient education, ensuring that individuals are informed about their condition, its potential causes, and available treatment options.

• #74 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Encourage the patient to engage in stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness or relaxation exercises, to promote effective coping. […] Improved perception of reality and decreased distress related to auditory hallucinations. […] Absence of self-harming behaviors and increased safety awareness. […] Enhanced social interactions and improved ability to differentiate real voices from hallucinations. […] Demonstrated the use of effective coping strategies to manage distress caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Regularly document the patients progress, interventions provided, and the outcomes achieved. […] This nursing care plan is a general guideline and should be individualized according to the patients specific needs, preferences, and underlying psychiatric conditions.

• #75 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  Through empathy and expertise, nurses play a significant role in supporting patients in their journey towards coping with hallucinations. The nursing care plan emphasizes individualized care, recognizing that hallucinatory experiences vary in nature and impact on each person. By addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of hallucinations, nurses strive to enhance the patients quality of life and empower them to manage their condition effectively.

• #76 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment, nurses can identify the nature and impact of the hallucinations on the patients well-being and daily functioning. Close monitoring, documentation, and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential to ensure a holistic approach to care for patients experiencing hallucinations. […] By identifying these nursing diagnosis for hallucinations, nurses can develop individualized care plans that address the patients unique needs and challenges associated with hallucinations. Implementing evidence-based interventions and providing emotional support are essential in promoting the patients well-being and assisting them in coping with their hallucinatory experiences. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients experiencing hallucinations. Through a person-centered and holistic approach, nurses aim to promote the patients emotional well-being, reduce distress, and facilitate their recovery journey.

• #77 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  Through empathy and expertise, nurses play a significant role in supporting patients in their journey towards coping with hallucinations. The nursing care plan emphasizes individualized care, recognizing that hallucinatory experiences vary in nature and impact on each person. By addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of hallucinations, nurses strive to enhance the patients quality of life and empower them to manage their condition effectively.

• #78 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  Through empathy and expertise, nurses play a significant role in supporting patients in their journey towards coping with hallucinations. The nursing care plan emphasizes individualized care, recognizing that hallucinatory experiences vary in nature and impact on each person. By addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of hallucinations, nurses strive to enhance the patients quality of life and empower them to manage their condition effectively.

• #79 Nursing Care Plan For Auditory Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-auditory-hallucinations/

  Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom experienced by individuals with various psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. […] As a nurse, your role in caring for individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations is crucial. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to address and manage auditory hallucinations effectively. […] Disturbed Sensory Perception related to auditory hallucinations. […] Risk for Self-Harm related to the distress caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Impaired Social Interaction is related to difficulty in differentiating real voices from hallucinations. […] Ineffective Coping related to the distress and interference caused by auditory hallucinations. […] Regularly assess and document the characteristics and frequency of auditory hallucinations to monitor changes in perception.

• #80 Nursing care plan for auditory hallucinations

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-auditory-hallucinations/

  Auditory hallucinations are voices that a person hears in their mind, when no one is around them. The sounds can tell the person what to do or say, or insulting and derogatory words, and can last for a few minutes up to a few hours. […] The nurse will assess the following areas: Mental status including severity of symptoms, thoughts and behaviour, speech, orientation and emotional state […] The nurse will use the assessment results to identify and diagnose the following: Risk for Injury considering factors such as the severity of symptoms, thought patterns, and safety risks […] The nurse hopes to achieve the following outcomes through assessment and intervention: Patient is able to communicate effectively despite the presence of auditory hallucinations […] The nurse will take the following actions to address each of the nursing diagnoses: Provide safety measures as needed to protect the patient from potential harm

• #81 Nursing Care Plan For Hallucinations – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-hallucinations/

  By conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment, nurses can identify the nature and impact of the hallucinations on the patients well-being and daily functioning. Close monitoring, documentation, and ongoing communication with the healthcare team are essential to ensure a holistic approach to care for patients experiencing hallucinations. […] By identifying these nursing diagnosis for hallucinations, nurses can develop individualized care plans that address the patients unique needs and challenges associated with hallucinations. Implementing evidence-based interventions and providing emotional support are essential in promoting the patients well-being and assisting them in coping with their hallucinatory experiences. […] By implementing these nursing interventions, nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients experiencing hallucinations. Through a person-centered and holistic approach, nurses aim to promote the patients emotional well-being, reduce distress, and facilitate their recovery journey.

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