Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Granuloma Annulare – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459377/

  Granuloma annulare is a cutaneous granulomatous disease that is not caused by an infection. It is the most common non-infectious granulomatous disease. The disease is benign and often self-limited. Granuloma annulare usually presents as erythematous plaques or papules arranged in an annular configuration on the upper extremities. […] This activity explains when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulates how to evaluate for this condition properly, and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Explain when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulate how to properly evaluate for this condition, and highlight the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition.

• #2 Granuloma annulare

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/granuloma-annulare

  GA is a relatively common condition that occurs in all age groups, but is rare in infancy. […] GA affects all age groups, but is rare in infancy. It is most common in young adults. […] For the vast majority of cases no treatment is required, based on the following: The natural tendency for lesions is to resolve spontaneously – in 50% of patients lesions resolve within two years, although they can recur. […] Potent (or super-potent) topical steroids and/or intralesional steroids have been used for very visible and persistent lesions, however, often with little benefit. […] For generalized disease, PUVA (a type of phototherapy) appears to give the best results with one retrospective study of 33 patients showing 50% clearance and a further 31% good to moderated improvement.

• #3 Granuloma Annulare Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is a common skin condition that appears as papules (small, solid bumps) that may form smooth, ring-shaped plaques (flat areas that are larger than a thumbnail), often over the joints and the backs of the hands. […] Granuloma annulare does not usually have any symptoms, although in some individuals, the lesions may be itchy. […] Because granuloma annulare is usually asymptomatic, no self-care measures are generally needed. If the lesions are itchy, though, an over-the-counter cortisone (eg, Cortaid) cream may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is not obvious, a dermatologist may want to perform a skin biopsy. […] Once the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is confirmed, you and your medical professional may decide not to treat it, as many cases of granuloma annulare clear up within 2 years, even without treatment.

• #4 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Your health care provider may diagnose granuloma annulare by looking at the affected skin and taking a small skin sample (biopsy) to examine under a microscope. […] Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up.

• #5 Granuloma annulare

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare is a common inflammatory skin condition typified clinically by annular, smooth, discoloured papules and plaques, and necrobiotic granulomas on histology. […] In most cases granuloma annulare does not require treatment because the patches disappear by themselves in a few months, leaving no trace. However, sometimes they persist for years. Treatment is not curative but may help individual lesions. […] Options to consider include: topical corticosteroid ointment under occlusion, intralesional steroid injections, destruction by cryotherapy or laser ablation, imiquimod cream, and topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus). […] Systemic therapy may be considered in widespread granuloma annulare. The following treatments have been reported to help at least some cases of disseminated granuloma annulare. None of these can be relied upon to clear it, and there are potential adverse effects. […] Individual lesions of localised granuloma annulare tend to clear within a few months or years, although they may recur even at the same site. Generalised and atypical variants are more persistent, sometimes lasting decades.

• #6 Granuloma Annulare Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is a common skin condition that appears as papules (small, solid bumps) that may form smooth, ring-shaped plaques (flat areas that are larger than a thumbnail), often over the joints and the backs of the hands. […] Granuloma annulare does not usually have any symptoms, although in some individuals, the lesions may be itchy. […] Because granuloma annulare is usually asymptomatic, no self-care measures are generally needed. If the lesions are itchy, though, an over-the-counter cortisone (eg, Cortaid) cream may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is not obvious, a dermatologist may want to perform a skin biopsy. […] Once the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is confirmed, you and your medical professional may decide not to treat it, as many cases of granuloma annulare clear up within 2 years, even without treatment.

• #7 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Your health care provider may diagnose granuloma annulare by looking at the affected skin and taking a small skin sample (biopsy) to examine under a microscope. […] Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up.

• #8 Granuloma Annulare – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK459377/

  Granuloma annulare is a cutaneous granulomatous disease that is not caused by an infection. […] This activity explains when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulates how to evaluate for this condition properly, and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Explain when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulate how to properly evaluate for this condition, and highlight the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Granuloma annulare is diagnosed by correlating clinical presentation (see above) with the histologic features found on biopsy (see above). […] Although the lesions of granuloma annulare usually regress, they tend to recur. For this reason, and for cosmetic reasons, treatment sometimes is indicated.

• #9 Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/granuloma-annulare

  A 5-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic, slowly enlarging plaque on her dorsal hand for several months, unresponsive to treatment for tinea corporis with topical antifungals. […] Treatment: After discussing the diagnosis of localized granuloma annulare and treatment options with the patients mother, she elected to monitor the lesion and return for periodic checkups, with the option to apply treatment with a medium-potency topical corticosteroid if the lesion were to continue to expand. […] Note: Because granuloma annulare is often self-limited and asymptomatic, observation may be all that is needed. However, topical corticosteroids can be helpful in hastening its resolution, especially in cases in which the lesions are still enlarging. Other localized treatments, such as intralesional corticosteroids, cryotherapy, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical imiquimod, have shown efficacy in limited case reports. For generalized granuloma annulare, other interventions, including UV light therapy, doxycycline, systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, and TNF- inhibitors have also been used.

• #10 Diagnosis and Management of Granuloma Annulare | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/1115/p1729.html

  Granuloma annulare is a benign, asymptomatic, self-limited papular eruption found in patients of all ages. […] Because localized granuloma annulare is self-limited, no treatment other than reassurance may be necessary. […] Localized granuloma annulare is self-limited and asymptomatic and usually does not require treatment. […] Options for treatment of localized granuloma annulare include liquid nitrogen, injected steroids, and topical steroids. […] Treatment for disseminated granuloma annulare should be undertaken in consultation with a dermatologist; options include dapsone, retinoids, antimalarial drugs, tacrolimus (Protopic), and pimecrolimus (Elidel). […] Granuloma annulare is difficult to treat clinically; reassurance that the condition will self-resolve may be the best option.

• #11 Granuloma annulare – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is an uncommon skin condition, which most often affects children and young adults but can occur at any age. […] Granuloma annulare is a benign condition which does not affect general health. It is not infectious or contagious and is not due to allergies. […] In most cases granuloma annulare causes no symptoms, although it could be associated with a mild itch. The affected area of skin can feel tender when it is knocked. […] Decisions about treatment are usually made based on the subtype of granuloma annulare. […] As localised granuloma annulare is limited to only a few sites and tends to improve spontaneously with time, treatment is usually unnecessary. […] There is no one ideal treatment which is consistently effective in all cases for granuloma annulare. […] There is not a great deal you can do to change the course of granuloma annulare and most cases will resolve without treatment. Skin camouflage products may help to conceal the affected patches.

• #12 Granuloma annulare | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Corticosteroid creams or ointments. Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] Corticosteroid injections. If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up. […] Freezing. Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Light therapy. Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] Oral medicines. When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials.

• #13 Granuloma annulare (Pseudorheumatoid nodule) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/granuloma-annulare-pseudorheumatoid-nodule/

  Granuloma annulare (GA) generally presents as asymptomatic papules that may coalesce to form plaques with an annular configuration. […] GA is most often a self-limited disease, typically resolving within 2 years. Therefore, reassurance and explanation of the benign nature of the disease may be all that is necessary. […] Initial treatment for localized or limited disease is potent topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or clobetasol 0.05% ointment. These can be applied to individual lesions twice daily for several weeks. […] Patients undergoing treatment for GA can be monitored clinically for a response; there is no need for laboratory tests or even repeat biopsies. […] All treatments for GA have potential side effects, and therefore the risk must be balanced against the benefit. Since this is generally an asymptomatic self-limited disease, reassurance may be the best option. In general, topical modalities can be effective and should be thought of as first line.

• #14 Granuloma annulare (Pseudorheumatoid nodule) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/granuloma-annulare-pseudorheumatoid-nodule/

  Granuloma annulare (GA) generally presents as asymptomatic papules that may coalesce to form plaques with an annular configuration. […] GA is most often a self-limited disease, typically resolving within 2 years. Therefore, reassurance and explanation of the benign nature of the disease may be all that is necessary. […] Initial treatment for localized or limited disease is potent topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or clobetasol 0.05% ointment. These can be applied to individual lesions twice daily for several weeks. […] Patients undergoing treatment for GA can be monitored clinically for a response; there is no need for laboratory tests or even repeat biopsies. […] All treatments for GA have potential side effects, and therefore the risk must be balanced against the benefit. Since this is generally an asymptomatic self-limited disease, reassurance may be the best option. In general, topical modalities can be effective and should be thought of as first line.

• #15 Granuloma annulare | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Corticosteroid creams or ointments. Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] Corticosteroid injections. If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up. […] Freezing. Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Light therapy. Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] Oral medicines. When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials.

• #16 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Your health care provider may diagnose granuloma annulare by looking at the affected skin and taking a small skin sample (biopsy) to examine under a microscope. […] Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up.

• #17 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  Localized granuloma annulare (GA) is not often symptomatic, and it has a tendency towards spontaneous resolution. Reassurance is often all that is necessary. Painful or disfiguring lesions have been treated by various methods, though the level of evidence supporting these methods has been low. […] Localized lesions have been treated with potent topical corticosteroids with or without occlusion for 4-6 weeks, as well as with intralesional corticosteroids with varying total doses of steroid. […] Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide as refrigerants was shown in a prospective uncontrolled trial to be an effective treatment for localized GA. […] Hyperthermic 20 MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been suggested as a potentially promising means of treating GA that may cause less skin necrosis than cryotherapy.

• #18 Granuloma Annulare: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17874-granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare is a long-lasting skin disorder that most commonly affects children and young adults. Treatments include medications and therapy. […] The purpose of treatment is to help control itching or pain. Treatments may speed up the time it takes for your rash to fade. […] Treatment options include: Certain medications can help clear your skin by reducing inflammation. Your healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroids, isotretinoin (Absorica, Zenatane) or tacrolimus (Protopic). […] Your healthcare provider will freeze the affected areas of your skin using specialized equipment. Cryotherapy stops the rash from growing. […] For some people, granuloma annulare is challenging to treat. You may need to try several therapies before finding what works best for you. […] Changes to your diet may help improve granuloma annulare. Some studies suggest that restricting the amount of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in your diet may cause granuloma annulare to disappear faster.

• #19 Granuloma annulare

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is a skin condition that often looks like a ring of bumps. It sometimes clears up without treatment, but it can take a long time and it may come back. […] Granuloma annulare is harmless and sometimes disappears without treatment. But it can take a long time to clear up (2 to 10 years) and it often comes back. […] A skin specialist (dermatologist) may suggest treatment if granuloma annulare affects a visible or large area of your body and its affecting your life. […] Treatments for granuloma annulare can include: steroid medicines which may be creams, tablets or injections, freezing small areas of skin (cryotherapy) this can leave a permanent scar, ultraviolet light therapy light is used to reduce the inflammation in the skin, skin camouflage (make-up). […] There are different types of granuloma annulare and some can be difficult to treat. Your doctor will talk to you about your options.

• #20 Granuloma Annulare: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17874-granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare is a long-lasting skin disorder that most commonly affects children and young adults. Treatments include medications and therapy. […] The purpose of treatment is to help control itching or pain. Treatments may speed up the time it takes for your rash to fade. […] Treatment options include: Certain medications can help clear your skin by reducing inflammation. Your healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroids, isotretinoin (Absorica, Zenatane) or tacrolimus (Protopic). […] Your healthcare provider will freeze the affected areas of your skin using specialized equipment. Cryotherapy stops the rash from growing. […] For some people, granuloma annulare is challenging to treat. You may need to try several therapies before finding what works best for you. […] Changes to your diet may help improve granuloma annulare. Some studies suggest that restricting the amount of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in your diet may cause granuloma annulare to disappear faster.

• #21 Diagnosis and Management of Granuloma Annulare | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/1115/p1729.html

  Granuloma annulare is a benign, asymptomatic, self-limited papular eruption found in patients of all ages. […] Because localized granuloma annulare is self-limited, no treatment other than reassurance may be necessary. […] Localized granuloma annulare is self-limited and asymptomatic and usually does not require treatment. […] Options for treatment of localized granuloma annulare include liquid nitrogen, injected steroids, and topical steroids. […] Treatment for disseminated granuloma annulare should be undertaken in consultation with a dermatologist; options include dapsone, retinoids, antimalarial drugs, tacrolimus (Protopic), and pimecrolimus (Elidel). […] Granuloma annulare is difficult to treat clinically; reassurance that the condition will self-resolve may be the best option.

• #22

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #23 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  Laser therapy using multiple different modalities, including pulsed dye and excimer, has been successfully used for both localized and generalized GA. […] Anecdotal reports of therapeutic efficacy in both localized and generalized GA have been published for tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, as well as for imiquimod cream. […] Generalized GA tends to be more persistent and unsightly; consequently, patients with this condition may be more likely to accept more aggressive treatment. Unfortunately, treatment of generalized GA is fraught with a lack of consistently effective options. […] Over the past two decades, success with the use of ultraviolet (UV)-B (mostly narrowband UV-B) therapy, a relatively harmless treatment compared with the alternatives, has made this a first-line option for generalized GA.

• #24 Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/granuloma-annulare

  A 5-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic, slowly enlarging plaque on her dorsal hand for several months, unresponsive to treatment for tinea corporis with topical antifungals. […] Treatment: After discussing the diagnosis of localized granuloma annulare and treatment options with the patients mother, she elected to monitor the lesion and return for periodic checkups, with the option to apply treatment with a medium-potency topical corticosteroid if the lesion were to continue to expand. […] Note: Because granuloma annulare is often self-limited and asymptomatic, observation may be all that is needed. However, topical corticosteroids can be helpful in hastening its resolution, especially in cases in which the lesions are still enlarging. Other localized treatments, such as intralesional corticosteroids, cryotherapy, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical imiquimod, have shown efficacy in limited case reports. For generalized granuloma annulare, other interventions, including UV light therapy, doxycycline, systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, and TNF- inhibitors have also been used.

• #25 Management of Periocular Granuloma Annulare Using Topical Dapsone | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/management-of-periocular-granuloma-annulare-using-topical-dapsone/

  Granuloma annulare is a disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the dermis. […] Various treatments have been reported in the management of granuloma annulare. […] The authors believe the topical use of dapsone may have benefit in the management of granuloma annulare, specifically localized variants in cosmetically sensitive areas. […] Treatment specific for periocular GA is controversial as many patients who have not undergone excision of their lesions tend to see spontaneous resolution within six months. […] Systemic dapsone has been previously reported in the treatment of GA. To the authors knowledge, there are no reported cases of the use of topical dapsone in the treatment of localized GA. […] Topical dapsone may be a consideration for the management of GA in areas localized to cosmetically sensitive areas where other treatment options may leave the patient at greater risk for pain, infection, and scarring.

• #26 What’s New in the Medicine Chest: Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/what-s-new-in-the-medicine-chest-granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare poses therapeutic challenges due to limited understanding and few established treatments, especially in localized and generalized forms. […] Topical corticosteroids require careful management, with efficacy varying by patient age and disease presentation. […] Janus kinase inhibitors, including topical ruxolitinib and oral abrocitinib, show promise in managing refractory granuloma annulare cases. […] Off-label use of JAK inhibitors offers hope for patients with resistant GA, highlighting the need for further research and exploration of novel therapies. […] Del Rosso emphasized the importance of staying aware of emerging literature and case reports to provide evidence-based care for granuloma annulare. […] While these treatments are not yet approved for GA, their effectiveness in refractory cases underscores the need for further research and exploration of novel therapeutic avenues.

• #27 Diagnosis and Management of Granuloma Annulare | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/1115/p1729.html

  Granuloma annulare is a benign, asymptomatic, self-limited papular eruption found in patients of all ages. […] Because localized granuloma annulare is self-limited, no treatment other than reassurance may be necessary. […] Localized granuloma annulare is self-limited and asymptomatic and usually does not require treatment. […] Options for treatment of localized granuloma annulare include liquid nitrogen, injected steroids, and topical steroids. […] Treatment for disseminated granuloma annulare should be undertaken in consultation with a dermatologist; options include dapsone, retinoids, antimalarial drugs, tacrolimus (Protopic), and pimecrolimus (Elidel). […] Granuloma annulare is difficult to treat clinically; reassurance that the condition will self-resolve may be the best option.

• #28 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #29 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #31 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #33 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #35 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #36 Granuloma annulare | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Corticosteroid creams or ointments. Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] Corticosteroid injections. If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up. […] Freezing. Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Light therapy. Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] Oral medicines. When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials.

• #37 Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/granuloma-annulare

  A 5-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic, slowly enlarging plaque on her dorsal hand for several months, unresponsive to treatment for tinea corporis with topical antifungals. […] Treatment: After discussing the diagnosis of localized granuloma annulare and treatment options with the patients mother, she elected to monitor the lesion and return for periodic checkups, with the option to apply treatment with a medium-potency topical corticosteroid if the lesion were to continue to expand. […] Note: Because granuloma annulare is often self-limited and asymptomatic, observation may be all that is needed. However, topical corticosteroids can be helpful in hastening its resolution, especially in cases in which the lesions are still enlarging. Other localized treatments, such as intralesional corticosteroids, cryotherapy, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical imiquimod, have shown efficacy in limited case reports. For generalized granuloma annulare, other interventions, including UV light therapy, doxycycline, systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, and TNF- inhibitors have also been used.

• #38 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #39

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  If long-lasting GA remains recalcitrant to conventional treatment, application of biological therapies should be considered. […] The use of JAK inhibitors seems to be a logical course of treatment, given the significance of Janus kinase in the pathophysiology of GA. […] Tofacitinib, upadacitinib, or baricitinib administration significantly improves lesions while displaying nearly no side effects. […] Even in cases when GA was resistant to prior treatments, the use of dupilumab produced a valid response. […] We are still lacking the ideal management for GA that consistently demonstrates long-term efficacy without the risk of relapse after treatment, while also ensuring satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, and minimal need for treatment monitoring.

• #40 What’s New in the Medicine Chest: Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/what-s-new-in-the-medicine-chest-granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare poses therapeutic challenges due to limited understanding and few established treatments, especially in localized and generalized forms. […] Topical corticosteroids require careful management, with efficacy varying by patient age and disease presentation. […] Janus kinase inhibitors, including topical ruxolitinib and oral abrocitinib, show promise in managing refractory granuloma annulare cases. […] Off-label use of JAK inhibitors offers hope for patients with resistant GA, highlighting the need for further research and exploration of novel therapies. […] Del Rosso emphasized the importance of staying aware of emerging literature and case reports to provide evidence-based care for granuloma annulare. […] While these treatments are not yet approved for GA, their effectiveness in refractory cases underscores the need for further research and exploration of novel therapeutic avenues.

• #41

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  If long-lasting GA remains recalcitrant to conventional treatment, application of biological therapies should be considered. […] The use of JAK inhibitors seems to be a logical course of treatment, given the significance of Janus kinase in the pathophysiology of GA. […] Tofacitinib, upadacitinib, or baricitinib administration significantly improves lesions while displaying nearly no side effects. […] Even in cases when GA was resistant to prior treatments, the use of dupilumab produced a valid response. […] We are still lacking the ideal management for GA that consistently demonstrates long-term efficacy without the risk of relapse after treatment, while also ensuring satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, and minimal need for treatment monitoring.

• #42 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #43

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  If long-lasting GA remains recalcitrant to conventional treatment, application of biological therapies should be considered. […] The use of JAK inhibitors seems to be a logical course of treatment, given the significance of Janus kinase in the pathophysiology of GA. […] Tofacitinib, upadacitinib, or baricitinib administration significantly improves lesions while displaying nearly no side effects. […] Even in cases when GA was resistant to prior treatments, the use of dupilumab produced a valid response. […] We are still lacking the ideal management for GA that consistently demonstrates long-term efficacy without the risk of relapse after treatment, while also ensuring satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, and minimal need for treatment monitoring.

• #44

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #45 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  Laser therapy using multiple different modalities, including pulsed dye and excimer, has been successfully used for both localized and generalized GA. […] Anecdotal reports of therapeutic efficacy in both localized and generalized GA have been published for tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, as well as for imiquimod cream. […] Generalized GA tends to be more persistent and unsightly; consequently, patients with this condition may be more likely to accept more aggressive treatment. Unfortunately, treatment of generalized GA is fraught with a lack of consistently effective options. […] Over the past two decades, success with the use of ultraviolet (UV)-B (mostly narrowband UV-B) therapy, a relatively harmless treatment compared with the alternatives, has made this a first-line option for generalized GA.

• #46 Granuloma annulare

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/granuloma-annulare

  GA is a relatively common condition that occurs in all age groups, but is rare in infancy. […] GA affects all age groups, but is rare in infancy. It is most common in young adults. […] For the vast majority of cases no treatment is required, based on the following: The natural tendency for lesions is to resolve spontaneously – in 50% of patients lesions resolve within two years, although they can recur. […] Potent (or super-potent) topical steroids and/or intralesional steroids have been used for very visible and persistent lesions, however, often with little benefit. […] For generalized disease, PUVA (a type of phototherapy) appears to give the best results with one retrospective study of 33 patients showing 50% clearance and a further 31% good to moderated improvement.

• #47 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #48 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  Laser therapy using multiple different modalities, including pulsed dye and excimer, has been successfully used for both localized and generalized GA. […] Anecdotal reports of therapeutic efficacy in both localized and generalized GA have been published for tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, as well as for imiquimod cream. […] Generalized GA tends to be more persistent and unsightly; consequently, patients with this condition may be more likely to accept more aggressive treatment. Unfortunately, treatment of generalized GA is fraught with a lack of consistently effective options. […] Over the past two decades, success with the use of ultraviolet (UV)-B (mostly narrowband UV-B) therapy, a relatively harmless treatment compared with the alternatives, has made this a first-line option for generalized GA.

• #49

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #50 Granuloma Annulare Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123031-treatment

  There is evidence to support the use of phototherapy with oral psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) as first-line options for generalized GA. […] On the basis of a number of case reports, isotretinoin may be a first-line option. […] Antimalarials may also be quite effective, as suggested by a large case series and individual reports. […] Piaserico et al reported success with using methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy to treat long-standing generalized GA. […] In a report involving six patients with GA that was refractory to standard treatment, Marcus et al described the use of combination therapy with rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg, and minocycline hydrochloride 100 mg once monthly for 3 months. […] Other anecdotal reports and small series have described successful systemic treatment with dapsone, steroids, pentoxifylline, cyclosporine, fumaric esters, interferon gamma, potassium iodide, nicotinamide, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, apremilast, and tapinarof cream. […] A case report by Gass et al described a 70-year-old man with disseminated GA in a photosensitive distribution, who, after successful systemic and topical treatment, developed milia and scarring.

• #51 Granuloma Annulare – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK459377/

  Physicians try many therapies, but there is little research-based evidence to support them. […] Despite the lack of evidence, experts agree that intralesional steroid injection is first-line therapy for lesions of granuloma annulare. […] There are reports of improvement after certain types of trauma to the lesions such as biopsy, pricking, incision, and cryotherapy. […] Patients with granuloma annulare may present to their primary care provider, internist, or dermatologist. […] The key thing to know is that this skin lesion is benign and can spontaneously regress. […] Most cases do not require any treatment. However, patients do seek treatment for cosmesis. […] More research is needed to better determine the epidemiology, disease associations, pathophysiology, and treatment of this disease.

• #52

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  According to clinicians intralesional corticosteroids injections have a higher likelihood of a satisfactory response; however, no study comparing topical and intralesional corticosteroids has been conducted. […] Calcineurin inhibitors should be used alternatively in patients with localized GA, especially in areas of sensitive skin, as they do not increase the risk of skin atrophy. […] If first-line therapy fails, then phototherapy may be considered as it is the most well-studied form of GA treatment; however, it remains more effective in localized GA. […] Laser therapy including Pulsed Dye Laser, Excimer Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis can be a useful therapeutic option for GA. […] Among the most researched oral treatment options; isotretinoin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine seem to be the most appropriate, regarding the efficacy to adverse effects ratio.

• #53 Granuloma annulare | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Corticosteroid creams or ointments. Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] Corticosteroid injections. If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up. […] Freezing. Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Light therapy. Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] Oral medicines. When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials.

• #54 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Your health care provider may diagnose granuloma annulare by looking at the affected skin and taking a small skin sample (biopsy) to examine under a microscope. […] Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up.

• #55 Granuloma annulare: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/granuloma-annulare-treatment

  Most people dont need treatment. This skin condition tends to clear on its own. Since its not contagious, you can leave it alone until it clears. Clearing may take a few months or a few years. Most people see their skin clear within two years. […] If you have a type of granuloma annulare that covers a large area of your body or causes a deep growth in your skin, your dermatologist may recommend treatment. Treatment may also be an option if you have noticeable patches and dislike how your skin looks. […] If you have a few noticeable patches, these are often treated with: Corticosteroids you apply to your skin: This medication reduces inflammation, which can help your skin clear more quickly. Injections of a corticosteroid: Your dermatologist may inject the patches to reduce the inflammation, which can help your skin clear more quickly. Cryosurgery: This freezes your skin, which can destroy the raised patches.

• #56 Granuloma annulare – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is an uncommon skin condition, which most often affects children and young adults but can occur at any age. […] Granuloma annulare is a benign condition which does not affect general health. It is not infectious or contagious and is not due to allergies. […] In most cases granuloma annulare causes no symptoms, although it could be associated with a mild itch. The affected area of skin can feel tender when it is knocked. […] Decisions about treatment are usually made based on the subtype of granuloma annulare. […] As localised granuloma annulare is limited to only a few sites and tends to improve spontaneously with time, treatment is usually unnecessary. […] There is no one ideal treatment which is consistently effective in all cases for granuloma annulare. […] There is not a great deal you can do to change the course of granuloma annulare and most cases will resolve without treatment. Skin camouflage products may help to conceal the affected patches.

• #57 Granuloma Annulare

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/granuloma-annulare

  A 5-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic, slowly enlarging plaque on her dorsal hand for several months, unresponsive to treatment for tinea corporis with topical antifungals. […] Treatment: After discussing the diagnosis of localized granuloma annulare and treatment options with the patients mother, she elected to monitor the lesion and return for periodic checkups, with the option to apply treatment with a medium-potency topical corticosteroid if the lesion were to continue to expand. […] Note: Because granuloma annulare is often self-limited and asymptomatic, observation may be all that is needed. However, topical corticosteroids can be helpful in hastening its resolution, especially in cases in which the lesions are still enlarging. Other localized treatments, such as intralesional corticosteroids, cryotherapy, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical imiquimod, have shown efficacy in limited case reports. For generalized granuloma annulare, other interventions, including UV light therapy, doxycycline, systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, and TNF- inhibitors have also been used.

• #58 Granuloma Annulare Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is a common skin condition that appears as papules (small, solid bumps) that may form smooth, ring-shaped plaques (flat areas that are larger than a thumbnail), often over the joints and the backs of the hands. […] Granuloma annulare does not usually have any symptoms, although in some individuals, the lesions may be itchy. […] Because granuloma annulare is usually asymptomatic, no self-care measures are generally needed. If the lesions are itchy, though, an over-the-counter cortisone (eg, Cortaid) cream may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is not obvious, a dermatologist may want to perform a skin biopsy. […] Once the diagnosis of granuloma annulare is confirmed, you and your medical professional may decide not to treat it, as many cases of granuloma annulare clear up within 2 years, even without treatment.

• #59 Granuloma Annulare: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17874-granuloma-annulare

  The following can help improve your skin’s overall health: Use a humidifier. Use a mild soap for your bath or shower. Take baths or showers with lukewarm water, not hot water. Apply a moisturizing cream or ointment immediately after drying your skin to help seal in the moisture. Avoid itchy clothing, such as wool.

• #60 Granuloma Annulare: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17874-granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare is a long-lasting skin disorder that most commonly affects children and young adults. Treatments include medications and therapy. […] The purpose of treatment is to help control itching or pain. Treatments may speed up the time it takes for your rash to fade. […] Treatment options include: Certain medications can help clear your skin by reducing inflammation. Your healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroids, isotretinoin (Absorica, Zenatane) or tacrolimus (Protopic). […] Your healthcare provider will freeze the affected areas of your skin using specialized equipment. Cryotherapy stops the rash from growing. […] For some people, granuloma annulare is challenging to treat. You may need to try several therapies before finding what works best for you. […] Changes to your diet may help improve granuloma annulare. Some studies suggest that restricting the amount of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in your diet may cause granuloma annulare to disappear faster.

• #61 Granuloma Annulare: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/granuloma-annulare-pro

  With subcutaneous lesions in children, the best management is reassurance, although they can be excised surgically. Treatment of perforating lesions is disappointing. […] Most cases of localised granuloma annulare are self-limiting. Half of all cases will settle within two years. 40% of children have recurrent lesions. […] The prognosis for generalised disease is worse, with some having a chronic course lasting up to 10 years, poor response to treatment, low chance of spontaneous remission and high risk of recurrence. Subcutaneous lesions often resolve spontaneously but may recur elsewhere.

• #62 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Your health care provider may diagnose granuloma annulare by looking at the affected skin and taking a small skin sample (biopsy) to examine under a microscope. […] Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up.

• #63 Granuloma annulare | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare can clear on its own over time. Treatment might help clear the skin faster than if left untreated, but the condition often returns. The bumps that return after treatment tend to appear at the same spots, and 80% of those usually clear within two years. […] Treatment options include: […] Corticosteroid creams or ointments. Prescription-strength products may help clear the skin faster. Your health care provider may direct you to cover the cream with bandages or an adhesive patch, to help the medicine work better. […] Corticosteroid injections. If the skin isn’t clearing up with a medicated cream or ointment, your health care provider may suggest a corticosteroid injection. Repeat injections may be needed every 6 to 8 weeks until the condition clears up. […] Freezing. Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Light therapy. Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] Oral medicines. When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials.

• #64 Granuloma Annulare: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/granuloma-annulare-pro

  With subcutaneous lesions in children, the best management is reassurance, although they can be excised surgically. Treatment of perforating lesions is disappointing. […] Most cases of localised granuloma annulare are self-limiting. Half of all cases will settle within two years. 40% of children have recurrent lesions. […] The prognosis for generalised disease is worse, with some having a chronic course lasting up to 10 years, poor response to treatment, low chance of spontaneous remission and high risk of recurrence. Subcutaneous lesions often resolve spontaneously but may recur elsewhere.

• #65 Granuloma Annulare: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/granuloma-annulare-pro

  With subcutaneous lesions in children, the best management is reassurance, although they can be excised surgically. Treatment of perforating lesions is disappointing. […] Most cases of localised granuloma annulare are self-limiting. Half of all cases will settle within two years. 40% of children have recurrent lesions. […] The prognosis for generalised disease is worse, with some having a chronic course lasting up to 10 years, poor response to treatment, low chance of spontaneous remission and high risk of recurrence. Subcutaneous lesions often resolve spontaneously but may recur elsewhere.

• #66 Granuloma Annulare | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/granuloma-annulare

  Granuloma annulare is hard to treat. You may need to try a few treatments to find one that works. […] Talk with your healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all treatments. […] Granuloma annulare can last for up to 2 years. But you can manage symptoms by working with your healthcare provider to create a treatment plan. In some cases, the rash may come back again.

• #67 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P00289

  Granuloma annulare can last for up to 2 years. But you can manage symptoms by working with your healthcare provider to create a treatment plan. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] You may not need treatment. The rash will likely go away on its own within 2 years. If the rash bothers you with itching or cosmetic appearance, it may be treated with any of these: […] Talk with your healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all treatments. […] Granuloma annulare is hard to treat. You may need to try a few treatments to find one that works.

• #68 Granuloma annulare – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/granuloma-annulare/

  Granuloma annulare is an uncommon skin condition, which most often affects children and young adults but can occur at any age. […] Granuloma annulare is a benign condition which does not affect general health. It is not infectious or contagious and is not due to allergies. […] In most cases granuloma annulare causes no symptoms, although it could be associated with a mild itch. The affected area of skin can feel tender when it is knocked. […] Decisions about treatment are usually made based on the subtype of granuloma annulare. […] As localised granuloma annulare is limited to only a few sites and tends to improve spontaneously with time, treatment is usually unnecessary. […] There is no one ideal treatment which is consistently effective in all cases for granuloma annulare. […] There is not a great deal you can do to change the course of granuloma annulare and most cases will resolve without treatment. Skin camouflage products may help to conceal the affected patches.

• #69 Granuloma annulare: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/granuloma-annulare-treatment

  Some cases of granuloma annulare can be stubborn. The first treatment you try may not work. For this reason, dermatologists use different treatments that can help clear the skin. […] Before using a treatment, your dermatologist will weigh the risk of possible side effects against the effects that granuloma annulare has on your quality of life. […] No one treatment has proven effective for everyone. Some people need to try different options before finding treatment that works.

• #70 Granuloma annulare (Pseudorheumatoid nodule) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/granuloma-annulare-pseudorheumatoid-nodule/

  Granuloma annulare (GA) generally presents as asymptomatic papules that may coalesce to form plaques with an annular configuration. […] GA is most often a self-limited disease, typically resolving within 2 years. Therefore, reassurance and explanation of the benign nature of the disease may be all that is necessary. […] Initial treatment for localized or limited disease is potent topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone 0.1% ointment or clobetasol 0.05% ointment. These can be applied to individual lesions twice daily for several weeks. […] Patients undergoing treatment for GA can be monitored clinically for a response; there is no need for laboratory tests or even repeat biopsies. […] All treatments for GA have potential side effects, and therefore the risk must be balanced against the benefit. Since this is generally an asymptomatic self-limited disease, reassurance may be the best option. In general, topical modalities can be effective and should be thought of as first line.

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  If long-lasting GA remains recalcitrant to conventional treatment, application of biological therapies should be considered. […] The use of JAK inhibitors seems to be a logical course of treatment, given the significance of Janus kinase in the pathophysiology of GA. […] Tofacitinib, upadacitinib, or baricitinib administration significantly improves lesions while displaying nearly no side effects. […] Even in cases when GA was resistant to prior treatments, the use of dupilumab produced a valid response. […] We are still lacking the ideal management for GA that consistently demonstrates long-term efficacy without the risk of relapse after treatment, while also ensuring satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, and minimal need for treatment monitoring.

• #72 Granuloma Annulare – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK459377/

  Physicians try many therapies, but there is little research-based evidence to support them. […] Despite the lack of evidence, experts agree that intralesional steroid injection is first-line therapy for lesions of granuloma annulare. […] There are reports of improvement after certain types of trauma to the lesions such as biopsy, pricking, incision, and cryotherapy. […] Patients with granuloma annulare may present to their primary care provider, internist, or dermatologist. […] The key thing to know is that this skin lesion is benign and can spontaneously regress. […] Most cases do not require any treatment. However, patients do seek treatment for cosmesis. […] More research is needed to better determine the epidemiology, disease associations, pathophysiology, and treatment of this disease.

• #73 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials. […] These coping methods might help ease the distress of living with granuloma annulare long term: […] Routinely reach out to friends and family members. […] Join a local or reputable internet-based support group. […] You’re likely to start by seeing your primary care provider, who may then refer you to a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist). […] Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as those listed below. Being ready to answer them may reserve time to go over any points you want to spend more time on.

• #74 Granuloma Annulare – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459377/

  Granuloma annulare is a cutaneous granulomatous disease that is not caused by an infection. It is the most common non-infectious granulomatous disease. The disease is benign and often self-limited. Granuloma annulare usually presents as erythematous plaques or papules arranged in an annular configuration on the upper extremities. […] This activity explains when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulates how to evaluate for this condition properly, and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Explain when granuloma annulare should be considered in the differential diagnosis, articulate how to properly evaluate for this condition, and highlight the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13671-024-00430-2

  Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, inflammatory granulomatous skin condition that can present as localized, disseminated, subcutaneous, perforating and a few other less prevalent subtypes. […] There is still no gold standard for clinical management of GA. Evidence-based treatment recommendations derived from randomized control trials are scarce, since the majority of published research is confined to case reports, case series, and singular retrospective studies. […] Therapeutic approach may vary depending on the clinical subtype of GA, necessitating individualization based on patients preferences, possible side effects and risk-benefit ratio. […] Although high potency corticosteroids and intralesional corticosteroids appear to be the first step therapeutic approach, particularly in individuals with localized GA, there is no agreement on the optimal dosage and duration of treatment.

• #76 Granuloma annulare – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granuloma-annulare/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351323

  Applying liquid nitrogen to the affected area may help remove the bumps. […] Exposing the affected skin to certain types of light, including lasers, is sometimes helpful. […] When the condition is widespread, your health care provider might prescribe medicine taken by mouth, such as antibiotics or antimalarials. […] These coping methods might help ease the distress of living with granuloma annulare long term: […] Routinely reach out to friends and family members. […] Join a local or reputable internet-based support group. […] You’re likely to start by seeing your primary care provider, who may then refer you to a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist). […] Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as those listed below. Being ready to answer them may reserve time to go over any points you want to spend more time on.

• #77

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=5494967&Journal_ID=849729&Issue_ID=5494960

  ABSTRACT: Granuloma annulare is a poorly understood disease typically presenting as localized, nonscaly, annular plaques on the dorsal extremities. […] Knowledge of the clinical features, prognosis, and treatment options of the disease is critical for providers to appropriately diagnose and manage the condition. […] There are no standardized guidelines on the management of granuloma annulare as current literature on the efficacy of treatment options is primarily restricted to case reports and small case series. […] Topical and intralesional corticosteroids are considered first-line therapies. […] Knowledge of the self-limiting nature of most granuloma annulare cases and possible treatment options allows for enhanced education, counseling, and management.

• #78 Granuloma annulare: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000833.htm

  Granuloma annulare (GA) is a long-term (chronic) skin disease consisting of a rash with reddish bumps arranged in a circle or ring. […] GA can resolve on its own. You may not need treatment for GA, except for cosmetic reasons. Very strong steroid creams or ointments are sometimes used to clear up the rash more quickly. Injections of steroids directly into the rings may also be effective. Some providers may choose to freeze the bumps with liquid nitrogen. […] People with severe or widespread cases may need medicines that suppress the immune system. Laser and ultraviolet light therapy (phototherapy) may also help. […] Contact your provider if you notice ring-like bumps anywhere on your skin that do not go away within a few weeks.

• #79 Granuloma Annulare

  https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/YourFamily/children/Tools/85,P00289

  Granuloma annulare can last for up to 2 years. But you can manage symptoms by working with your healthcare provider to create a treatment plan. In some cases, the rash may come back again. […] Call the healthcare provider if you have: Symptoms that dont get better, or get worse […] You may have a skin biopsy. A small piece of skin is cut out and removed and sent to a lab. […] If you need treatment, it may include corticosteroid medicine.

• #80 Granuloma Annulare Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/granuloma-annulare/

  If the lesions of granuloma annulare cause discomfort or are widespread or cosmetically bothersome, your medical professional may try one of the following: A prescription-strength steroid cream, Steroid injections directly into the lesions or freezing with liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy). […] If you have bumps or ring-shaped lesions on your skin for more than a few weeks, it is a good idea to have them evaluated by a dermatologist or another medical professional.

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