Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Preventing Dengue | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/index.html

  All four dengue viruses are spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. […] A dengue vaccine is recommended for U.S. territories and freely associated states. […] Protect yourself from dengue by avoiding mosquito bites. […] The best way to prevent dengue is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. […] Use insect repellent. […] Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants. […] Take steps to control mosquitoes in and around your home. […] Follow steps to prevent mosquito bites to protect yourself and your family. […] Even if you do not feel sick, travelers returning from an area with risk of dengue should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks so they do not spread dengue to mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.

• #2 Dengue fever – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078

  Researchers are working on dengue fever vaccines. […] For now, in areas where dengue fever is common, the best ways to prevent infection are to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes and to take steps to reduce the mosquito population. […] Dengue fever vaccines may be available for people ages 6 to 60. Dengue vaccination is a series of two or three doses, depending on the vaccine you get, over the course of months. These vaccines are for use by people who live where the viruses that cause dengue are common, and who have already had dengue fever at least once. […] The World Health Organization stresses that the vaccine is not an effective tool on its own to reduce dengue fever in areas where the illness is common. Preventing mosquito bites and controlling the mosquito population are still the main methods for preventing the spread of dengue fever.

• #3 Current prevention and potential treatment options for dengue infection – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31539321/

  Currently, treatments for dengue infection are only symptomatic as no antiviral agents nor vaccines are available to combat this virus. […] Despite challenges faced by researchers, many efforts are ongoing to reduce cases of dengue infection either by targeting the vector or the virus. […] Vector population is monitored and reduced by using mechanical, chemical and biological controls. […] Chemical control is achieved either by using synthetic or natural insecticides where the latter is more preferable. […] In biological control, bacteria, fungi and larvivorous fish are utilised to reduce the vector population. […] Moreover, genes of mosquitoes are also explored to produce progenies which are sterile with low survival ability. […] Vaccines are among the most effective ways to prevent viral infection.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

  Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. […] Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control. There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue, and early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue. […] You can lower your risk of dengue by avoiding mosquito bites especially during the day. […] Lower the risk of getting dengue by protecting yourself from mosquito bites by using: clothes that cover as much of your body as possible; mosquito nets if sleeping during the day, ideally nets sprayed with insect repellent; window screens; mosquito repellents (containing DEET, Picaridin or IR3535); and coils and vaporizers. […] Mosquito breeding can be prevented by: preventing mosquitoes from accessing egg-laying habitats by environmental management and modification; disposing of solid waste properly and removing artificial man-made habitats that can hold water; covering, emptying and cleaning domestic water storage containers on a weekly basis; applying appropriate insecticides to outdoor water storage containers. […] So far one vaccine (QDenga) has been approved and licensed in some countries. However, it is recommended only for the age group of 6 to 16 years in high transmission settings. Several additional vaccines are under evaluation.

• #5 Integrated management strategy for dengue prevention and control – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue/integrated-management-strategy-dengue-prevention-and-control

  The campaigns to eradicate Ae. aegypti were very successful in the 1950s and 1960s, and by 1972, the vector had been eradicated in 21 countries in the Hemisphere. […] In 1999, WHO introduced a global strategy for the prevention and control of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In 2001, PAHO formulated regional guidelines for dengue prevention and control in Directing Council Resolution CD43.R4. […] This resolution issued new recommendations on the types of technical cooperation and methods that the Organization should employ, introduced the Integrated Management Strategy for Dengue Prevention and Control (IMS-dengue) model, and created an international technical task force on dengue in the Region (known by its Spanish acronym, GTI-dengue). […] IMS-dengue is a management model aimed at strengthening national programs and thereby reducing the morbidity, mortality, and social and economic burden generated by dengue outbreaks and epidemics.

• #6 Integrated management strategy for dengue prevention and control – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue/integrated-management-strategy-dengue-prevention-and-control

  In order to meet its objectives, the strategy seeks to modify individual and community behaviors and diminish the risk factors for transmission through coordinated measures inside and outside the health sector. […] It also calls for the preparation and execution of integrated national and subnational plans that will make it possible to put together a sustainable national strategy designed by the authorities and experts of each country, with technical cooperation from GTI-dengue.

• #7 Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Vaccine, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue-fever-reference

  The best way to prevent the disease is to avoid bites from infected mosquitoes, especially if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down. […] To protect yourself: Use mosquito repellents, even indoors. When outdoors, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks. When indoors, use air conditioning if available. Make sure the window and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not screened or air-conditioned, use mosquito nets. If you have symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor. […] To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pets’ water dishes.

• #8 Dengue Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17753-dengue-fever

  The best way to reduce your risk of dengue fever is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Steps include: […] Use EPA-registered insect repellents that contain 20% to 30% DEET or other ingredients known to help keep Aedes mosquitos away. […] Cover exposed skin outdoors, especially at night when mosquitos are more likely to be around. […] Remove standing water (buckets or barrels, bird baths, old tires that may hold rainwater) and fill low spots where water can pool. […] Keep mosquitos outside of your home by repairing holes in screens and keeping windows and doors closed if possible. […] Use mosquito netting at night in areas where dengue is common. […] If you’re pregnant, avoid traveling to areas where dengue is common if possible. […] When traveling, be sure to check with the CDC to understand if there are any outbreaks of illness in your destination before you leave. […] Two vaccines are available (only one is available in the U.S.). They’re recommended for kids living in areas where dengue is common. But adults at higher risk for dengue are sometimes eligible too.

• #9 Dengue fever – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078

  If you live in or travel to an area where dengue fever is common, these tips may help reduce your risk of mosquito bites: Stay in air-conditioned or well-screened housing. The mosquitoes that carry the dengue viruses are most active from dawn to dusk, but they can also bite at night. […] Wear protective clothing. When you go into mosquito-infested areas, wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and shoes. […] Use mosquito repellent. Permethrin can be applied to your clothing, shoes, camping gear and bed netting. You can also buy clothing made with permethrin already in it. For your skin, use a repellent containing at least a 10% concentration of DEET. […] Reduce mosquito habitat. The mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus typically live in and around houses, breeding in standing water that can collect in such things as used automobile tires. You can help lower mosquito populations by eliminating habitats where they lay their eggs. At least once a week, empty and clean containers that hold standing water, such as planting containers, animal dishes and flower vases. Keep standing water containers covered between cleanings.

• #10 Dengue Fever Prevention | Passport Health Travel Clinics

  https://www.passporthealthusa.com/travel-medicine/dengue-fever-prevention/

  Vaccination is just the start, repellents and netting also play a key role in mosquito prevention. […] Be sure to use repellents and nettings to avoid mosquito bites. […] As a mosquito-borne disease, preventing dengue is as simple as preventing mosquito bites. There is no approved dengue vaccine in the United States. […] Many health organizations suggest the following to protect yourself from dengue: […] Wear long-sleeve shirts and long pants. […] Treat clothes with repellents like permethrin. […] Use EPA-registered mosquito repellent like DEET. […] Consider using mosquito netting if you will be in any areas with many mosquitoes. […] Make sure windows and doors screens are closed to avoid allowing mosquitoes into enclosed spaces. […] Avoid areas with standing water. Especially at times of high mosquito activity like dawn and dusk.

• #11 Stop Dengue Now

  https://www.nea.gov.sg/dengue-zika/stop-dengue-now

  The Aedes mosquito prefers to breed in clean, stagnant water easily found in our homes. Let’s all do our part to break the dengue transmission cycle by removing stagnant water from potential mosquito breeding habitats. Do the Mozzie Wipeout at least once a week to prevent mosquito breeding. […] All residents, especially those living in dengue cluster areas, are encouraged to carry out the three protective actions against dengue: SAW. Other protective measures against mosquito bites include: Sleep under a mosquito net, especially if you sleep during the day, as Aedes mosquitoes are predominantly day-biting. Install mosquito screens on windows and doors. Use a hand-held electronic mosquito zapper to kill mosquitoes. […] Using mosquito repellent safely and effectively can protect you from mosquito bites. Repellents containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin or IR3535 as the active ingredient are the most effective in repelling mosquitoes. […] Dengue inspections are important to help break the dengue transmission cycle.

• #12 Dengue 

  https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/community_epidemiology/dc/dengue.html

  Before your trip, check for travel recommendations, health notices, and warnings specific to your destination country. […] Visit a travel clinic, or your doctor, to ask about medical care before you travel, including any recommended vaccines or medications. […] Pack insect repellent. […] Pack acetaminophen in your first aid kit. This medication can be used to manage fever and body pain if you get dengue. […] Follow steps to prevent mosquito bites to protect yourself and your family. […] Stay in places with air conditioning or window and door screens, when possible. […] Use a bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors. […] Even if you do not feel sick, if you have traveled to a place with dengue risk, protect yourself from mosquito bites for 3 weeks. If you’re infected and don’t know it, you can still spread dengue to mosquitoes. […] See a doctor if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Tell your doctor about your travel.

• #13

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/dengue

  There is no specific treatment for dengue. Early diagnosis is crucial to enable the provision of appropriate supportive care to patients and to apply disease control measures in the area. […] The are two vaccines against dengue; both are primarily designed for use in areas where dengue is very common (i.e. not mainland Europe). […] For individuals, protective measures include: using mosquito repellent, the use of mosquito nets, sleeping or in screened or air-conditioned rooms, wearing clothing that covers most of the body. […] Preventative measures also focus on controlling the mosquitoes that spread the virus. […] Some ways to reduce mosquito breeding sites include: Regularly removing or treating open containers with stagnant water, like flower pots, tires, tree holes, and rock pools. Ensuring water containers, barrels, wells, and storage tanks are well covered. […] During outbreaks, aerial spraying of insecticides can be used to get rid of adult mosquitoes and mitigate the spread of the disease.

• #14 Kao | Prevention and Countermeasures for Dengue Fever

  https://www.kao.com/global/en/innovation/research-development/dengue/dengue-fever/prevention/

  WHOs view of dengue fever is that although it has spread rapidly over large areas in recent years, a safe and effective vaccine has not yet been developed for dengue fever. To prevent dengue infection, it is important to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes that carry the virus. […] To prevent mosquito bites, it is effective to use countermeasure products (e.g., repellents, insecticides, mosquito coils, mosquito nets, screen doors), and to minimize skin exposure using long sleeved clothes. Although pesticides and repellents have been shown to have sufficient repellent effects in efficacy tests, in areas with high rates of dengue infections, not only the effect but also the ease of use of such products daily without burden is important. […] Therefore, indoor mosquito control is important in Southeast Asia. It is also important to create an environment that eliminates puddles and tubs around the house that allow mosquitoes to spawn outdoors. In some cases, larvicide is used in water tanks to prevent mosquito outbreaks.

• #15 Kao | Prevention and Countermeasures for Dengue Fever

  https://www.kao.com/global/en/innovation/research-development/dengue/dengue-fever/prevention/

  A meta-analysis evaluation of dengue fever control showed that efforts, such as reducing spawning grounds and using larvicide throughout the community are very effective. It is important to understand the ecology of mosquitoes and maintain an environment where dengue fever is unlikely to occur. Additionally, mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as dengue fever spread again when the infected person is bitten again by a mosquito. Therefore, when an infected person is diagnosed, it is necessary to prevent the transmission by mosquitoes from spreading to the surrounding area. Insecticide spraying in the areas with dengue fever by the health insurance bureau is common.

• #16 Dengue: Symptoms, Prevention and Treatments – PAHO/WHO

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue

  Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. […] To eliminate mosquitoes, the following actions are recommended: avoid collecting water in open-air containers (pots, bottles or other containers that can collect water) so that they do not become breeding sites for mosquitoes; adequately cover water tanks and reservoirs to keep mosquitoes away; avoid accumulating garbage, throwing garbage in closed plastic bags. […] PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support to prevent and control dengue. This work is carried out based on the Integrated Management Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Arboviral Diseases, which was adopted by PAHO/WHO Member States in 2016 (CD55.R6). […] PAHO/WHO is working to strengthen regional and national capacity for the prevention and control of vectors. To achieve this, the organization has implemented the Plan of Action on Entomology and Vector Control 2018-2023. As part of this plan, various initiatives have been developed to improve entomological surveillance systems, monitor and manage resistance to insecticides used in public health, and train professionals in entomology through a virtual course on Surveillance and Control of Vectors of Public Health Importance. Additionally, PAHO/WHO is promoting the implementation of a new model of interventions for the control of Aedes aegypti and providing support to countries for the rational deployment of new technologies and approaches for vector control.

• #17 Dengue Prevention and Management – Aster Medcity Hospital

  https://www.asterhospitals.in/blogs-events-news/aster-medcity-kochi/dengue-prevention-and-management

  Personal Protection […] Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and closed shoes to reduce exposed skin. […] Apply insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin and clothing. […] Avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito activity times, typically early morning and late afternoon. […] Preventing Dengue Transmission […] During the acute phase, limit mosquito exposure to prevent further transmission. […] Stay indoors or in screened areas to minimize mosquito bites. […] Use bed nets and screens to create a protective barrier. […] Community Involvement […] Preventing and managing dengue requires collective efforts. Here’s how you can contribute: […] Raise awareness about dengue prevention in your community through educational campaigns, social media, or local events. […] Encourage proper waste management and elimination of mosquito breeding sites in public areas. […] Support local authorities in implementing mosquito control measures. […] Engage in community clean-up drives to eliminate potential breeding grounds.

• #18 Community Participation, Dengue Fever Prevention and Control Practices in Swat, Pakistan – International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS

  https://mchandaids.org/community-participation-dengue-fever-prevention-and-control-practices-in-swat-pakistan/

  The aim of this study was to determine the role of community participation in prevention of dengue fever in The Swat district located in the Northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which experienced a dengue fever outbreak in August, 2013. […] The study recommends mobilizing local communities and activating local leadership with active participation of Government and non-government organizations for initiation of preventive strategies. […] Community participation tends to be successful in countries having stable and strong political systems. Community based programs involving local authorities to participate in eliminating breeding places of dengue mosquitoes are the only cost effective and sustainable way of ensuring control in any dengue-affected country and countries deficient in resources.

• #19 Community Participation, Dengue Fever Prevention and Control Practices in Swat, Pakistan – International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS

  https://mchandaids.org/community-participation-dengue-fever-prevention-and-control-practices-in-swat-pakistan/

  Dengue prevention, however, is possible through strong coordination and community participation in high dengue sites communities. […] The teamwork between community people and private/public agencies at the house old and community level were the effective techniques for dengue prevention. […] The spread of dengue epidemic was further enhanced by the ignorance, laziness of the community people and government agencies. […] The study recommends the mobilization of local communities and activating local leadership with action participation of government and non-government organizations for initiation of preventive strategies like eradication of dengue vectors and its breeding places, provision of medical facilities to patients and sensitizing the people to take preventive measures. […] Effective coordination among local communities, government agencies/line departments, NGOs and local leadership is necessary for effective implementation of dengue prevention programs.

• #20 Dengue fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

  As of March 2024, there are two vaccines to protect against dengue infection; Dengvaxia and Qdenga. Dengvaxia became available in 2015, and is approved for use in the US, EU and in some Asian and Latin American countries. It is an attenuated virus, is suitable for individuals aged 6-45 years and protects against all four serotypes of dengue. Due to safety concerns about antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), it should only be given to individuals who have previously been infected with dengue, in order to protect them from reinfection. It is given subcutaneously as three doses at six month intervals. Qdenga completed clinical trials in 2022 and was approved for use in the European Union in December 2022; it has been approved by a number of other countries including Indonesia and Brazil, and has been recommended by the SAGE committee of the World Health Organization. It is indicated for the prevention of dengue disease in individuals four years of age and older, and can be administered to people who have not been previously infected with dengue. It is a live attenuated vaccine containing the four serotypes of dengue virus, administered subcutaneously as two doses three months apart.

• #21 Preventing Dengue | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/index.html

  A dengue vaccine is approved for use in children aged 9-16 years with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue virus infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic (occurs frequently or continuously). […] The vaccine is not approved for use in U.S. travelers who are visiting but not living in an area where dengue is common.

• #22 About a Dengue Vaccine | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/vaccine/index.html

  A dengue vaccine provides your child with safe, effective, and long-lasting protection against dengue illness, hospitalization, and severe disease. […] Children need to be tested to confirm a previous dengue infection before vaccination. […] Three doses of the vaccine are required for full protection. […] Talk to your child’s healthcare provider to find out if your child is eligible for a dengue vaccine. […] People can continue to protect themselves and their families from dengue by preventing mosquito bites and controlling mosquitoes in and around their homes. […] Laboratory confirmation of a previous dengue infection is required for vaccination with Dengvaxia. […] Testing before vaccination will confirm that your child has had dengue before. […] In children who have not already had dengue, the dengue vaccine increases the risk of hospitalization and severe illness if the child gets dengue after vaccination.

• #23 About a Dengue Vaccine | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/vaccine/index.html

  To reduce the risk of vaccinating children who have never had dengue, a blood test can check for a previous dengue infection. […] Your child must have had dengue before vaccination. […] Three doses required: Dose 1 can be given after confirming that your child had a prior dengue infection. […] Dose 2 is given 6 months after the first dose. […] Dose 3 is given 6 months after the second dose. […] The dengue vaccine protects against all four types of dengue. […] The vaccine is safe and effective among children who have previously had dengue. […] 8 out of 10 people protected after vaccination. Dengvaxia protects against illness from dengue 8 out of 10 times in children who had dengue before vaccination. […] Talk to your child’s healthcare provider to find out if your child is eligible for a dengue vaccine.

• #24 Dengue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Suspected Dengue, Severe Dengue

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-treatment

  In 2011, an Australian research effort infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia in the laboratory. […] If successful, this would provide a practical biological approach to dengue suppression. […] Outbreaks of dengue increasingly will cross common borders of endemic and disease-free countries unless the following measures are undertaken: […] Increased health surveillance […] Prompt reporting of new cases […] Heightened professional awareness […] Public education. […] One vaccine is approved for the prevention of dengue infection. […] The vaccine is given in 3 doses at age 0, 6, and 12 months. […] The vaccine proved less effective in persons who were not previously exposed to dengue and in areas with a lower burden of disease. […] The approval was based on data from 2 placebo-controlled studies in patients (n 35,000) living in dengue-endemic areas. […] Dengue vaccine was approved in the United States by the FDA in 2019 for prevention of dengue disease caused by dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in individuals aged 9-16 years with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection who live in endemic areas.

• #25 World Mosquito Program Expands Dengue Prevention in Laos

  https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/stories/wmp-expands-dengue-prevention-laos

  Dengue fever has long been a persistent threat across Southeast Asia, with Laos particularly affected by seasonal outbreaks that devastate communities. […] This sustainable approach aims to protect over 1.2 million people from mosquito-borne diseases including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. […] The pilot project, which saw the World Mosquito Program (WMP), Lao PDR Ministry of Health (MoH) and Save the Children International (SCI) join forces, helped protect 32 villages with a combined population of roughly 86,000 people. […] Following its conclusion in August 2023, many other residents have been interested in adopting WMPs Wolbachia method a safe, natural and one-time sustainable solution for preventing mosquito-borne diseases in the countrys dengue hotspots. […] Dengue remains a major public health concern in Laos, particularly during the dry and rainy seasons when mosquito populations surge, says H.E. Aphone Visathep, Vice Minister of Health.

• #26 Antibody Prophylaxis against Dengue Virus 2 Infection in Non-Human Primates

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5094231/

  Passive immunization with anti-dengue virus (DENV) immune serum globulin (ISG) or monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) may serve to supplement or replace vaccination for short-term dengue immune prophylaxis. […] The results suggest that antibody prophylaxis for dengue might be beneficial in eliminating or reducing viral loads thereby minimizing disease progression. […] A major concern is that it could lead to ADE of infection and increased risk for severe disease, DHF/DSS. […] In practice, this risk might be mitigated by using higher initial doses of ISG or repeated administration so as to maintain antibody titers at protective levels. […] Passive antibody transfer could also be used to provide temporary or bridging immunity between the time a vaccine is first administered and active immunity is acquired.

• #27 Antibody Prophylaxis against Dengue Virus 2 Infection in Non-Human Primates

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5094231/

  The studies presented here, we used a rhesus macaque DENV infection model, with viremia (presence of infectious virus in sera) as a surrogate for disease, to evaluate the protective efficacy of passively administered, pooled, human polyclonal anti-DENV ISG, and a recombinant human Mab, Mab11. […] We also demonstrated that only serum from Mab11/mutFc treated, but not from ISG or Mab11wt treated, macaques showed no ADE in an in vitro assay. […] Our results demonstrate that anti-DENV antibodies administered intramuscularly to rhesus macaques conferred short-term protection against viremia following DENV-2 challenge. […] Therefore, not unexpected, protection with ISG appeared to correlate with measurable virus-neutralizing antibody on the day of challenge. […] In summary, this study demonstrated the potential utility of passive immunization for protection against dengue.

• #28 Dengue: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | World Mosquito Program

  https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/learn/mosquito-borne-diseases/dengue

  In contrast, the World Mosquito Programs Wolbachia method doesn’t aim to reduce the mosquito population, rather to replace it with Wolbachia mosquitoes. This helps block the transmission of dengue, as well as other viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, such as Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. […] Our research shows that in communities where high levels of Wolbachia mosquitoes are present, the incidence of dengue and other Aedes-borne diseases is significantly reduced.

• #29 A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003655

  There is a growing consensus that eliminating dengue as a public health burden can only be achieved by integrating vector control with vaccines. Prioritizing the vector interventions based on their potential to prevent disease will facilitate determining how to combine the best options with DENV vaccines. […] The PDC’s expectation is that when an effective dengue virus (DENV) vaccine is commercially available, the public health community will continue to rely on vector control because the two strategies complement and enhance one another. […] The initiative Vaccines to Vaccination (v2V) was established in 2009 to facilitate delivery of DENV vaccines following regulatory approval. […] The use of multiple strategies for vector-borne disease prevention is the basis of WHOs Integrated Vector Management (IVM) program for control of mosquito vectors, including those that transmit DENV.

• #30 A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003655

  Recently, the Vaccines to Vaccinate (v2V) initiative was reconfigured into the Partnership for Dengue Control (PDC), a multi-sponsored and independent initiative. This redirection is consistent with the growing consensus among the dengue-prevention community that no single intervention will be sufficient to control dengue disease. […] Dengue prevention, therefore, is currently limited to mosquito control. A few well-documented successes indicate that rigorously applied vector control can reduce DENV transmission and disease. […] Success in reducing the public health burden of dengue will require a multi-pronged approach that includes developing the underlying theory of effective dengue control, continuing to review and assess existing interventions and strategies, and gathering new empirical data that tests fundamental concepts and strategies.

• #31 Dengue virus infection: Prevention and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dengue-virus-infection-prevention-and-treatment

  Dengue virus infection: Prevention and treatment […] PREVENTION […] In endemic areas […] Personal protection from infection […] Mosquito repellants […] Insecticide spraying […] Vaccine development […] CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia) […] TAK-003 (Qdenga) […] Investigational vaccines […] Mosquito control […] Among travelers […] DENV transmission occurs when susceptible hosts, DENVs, and mosquitoes capable of transmission are co-located in space and time. Infection risk exists for anyone living in or traveling in a dengue-endemic region, especially in tropical Asia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. In most of these regions, DENV transmission occurs year-round. However, the greatest risk of infection tends to be seasonal or during a recognized outbreak.

• #32

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/dengue.aspx

  In addition to general protection measures, overseas travellers should also: Stay and sleep in screened or air-conditioned rooms. Use a mosquito bed net if the sleeping area is exposed to the outdoors. Effective nets are treated with a pyrethroid insecticide, such as permethrin. Pre-treated bed nets can be purchased before travelling, or nets can be treated after purchase. Be aware of and take special care during peak mosquito biting hours. Some species of mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti will bite all throughout the day. Avoid known areas of high mosquito-borne disease transmission or outbreaks.

• #33 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Dengue.aspx

  Pack an EPA-registered mosquito repellent to use while traveling. […] Stay in places with air conditioning (if possible) or window and door screens so you can keep mosquitoes out of the space where you are sleeping. […] Even if you don’t feel sick or remember being bitten by mosquitoes while traveling, you may still have been infected and not have any symptoms. Use mosquito repellent and prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks after returning home.

• #34 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Dengue Virus

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/zoonotic-and-vectorborne-epidemiology-entomology/zoonotic-diseases/dengue-virus/

  Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease (arboviral disease) caused by one of any four related viruses: DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, and DENV 4. […] Currently, there is no widely available dengue vaccine to prevent dengue infection. The best way to prevent dengue is to protect yourself from mosquito bites by taking the following actions: […] Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent while outdoors. Aedes mosquitoes bite during the day and night. […] Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants to reduce areas of exposed skin. […] Take steps to control mosquitoes in and around your home. […] If you have dengue, prevent mosquito bites. During the first week of illness, dengue can be found in the blood. The virus can be passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites posing a risk for local transmission.

• #35 NDCU – How to prevent

  https://www.dengue.health.gov.lk/web/index.php/en/information/how-to-prevent

  Prevention is also based on protection against mosquito bites. Aedes mosquitoes show diurnal biting activities in both indoor and outdoor environments. Therefore, personal protective measures should be applied all day long and especially during the hours of highest mosquito activity (mid-morning and late afternoon). […] Personal protective measures to avoid mosquito bites should be applied when staying in dengue risk areas. […] Dengue transmission is predominantly seen in urban areas, usually as family or immediate neighbourhood groups of patients (Clusters). Therefore, if a member of the family or anyone in the immediate neighbourhood is ill with dengue such patients and others should be protected from mosquito bites. […] Travellers, especially children, pregnant women, and people with immune disorders or severe chronic illnesses, should consult their doctor or seek advice from a travel clinic to receive personalized recommendations on use of repellents and protection before travelling. […] Similar protective measures apply to symptomatic patients in order to prevent the disease from being transmitted to non-infected mosquitoes.

• #36 Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Vaccine, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue-fever-reference

  If someone in your home gets dengue fever, make an extra effort to protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could spread the infection to other people in your home. […] A vaccine called Dengvaxia can help prevent dengue in children aged 6 to 16 who have tested positive for the virus before and who live in areas where dengue spreads. The vaccine is about 80% effective, but children need three doses to get full protection against the virus.

• #37 Dengue fever

  https://www.safetravel.govt.nz/news/dengue-fever

  Dengue fever is a viral illness spread by infected mosquitoes. There’s no specific treatment or widely available vaccine for dengue. It’s important to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes when visiting an area where the infection is found. […] It is especially important for people travelling to these countries to take extra steps to avoid mosquito bites and to know how they can protect themselves and their families from dengue fever. […] To avoid dengue fever when travelling outside New Zealand in countries where the disease is common, travellers should take precautions to prevent mosquito bites. […] Wear a repellent cream or spray, preferably containing diethyltoluamide (DEET). […] Repellents should not be applied to wounds, irritated skin, eyes or mouth. […] If you feel unwell during your trip or in the first three weeks after your return, you are advised to seek immediate medical advice and tell the doctor about your travel.

• #38 Dengue Fever (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dengue.html

  Wearing insect repellent, covering sleep areas with netting, and avoiding the outdoors at dusk and dawn (when mosquitoes are most active) can help lower the chances of infection. […] Efforts should be made to keep anyone with a dengue infection from being bitten by mosquitoes. This will help prevent the illness from spreading to others. […] A dengue vaccine is recommended for kids and teens 9-16 years old who have had dengue before and live in areas where it is common. […] Because not everyone is a candidate to get the vaccine, preventing mosquito bites is still very important. Be sure to: […] Use insect repellent as directed on kids. Choose one with DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus. […] Also, don’t give mosquitoes places to breed. They lay their eggs in water, so get rid of standing water in things like containers and discarded tires, and be sure to change the water in birdbaths, dog bowls, and flower vases at least once a week.

• #39 Dengue

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dengue/

  If you’re at increased risk of getting seriously ill from dengue, you should consider not travelling to countries where the infection is found. […] If you’re in a country where dengue is found, the best way to prevent infection is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. […] wear long-sleeved clothing and trousers to cover your arms and legs, particularly during early morning and early evening […] use insect repellent on your skin (ideally one that contains the ingredient DEET) […] close windows and doors whenever possible, or use blinds or screens […] sleep under a mosquito net treated with insecticide, including during the day […] There is a vaccine that helps protect against dengue. It’s recommended for people who have had, or might have had, dengue in the past and are travelling to a part of the world where dengue is common.

• #40

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/controlguideline/Pages/dengue.aspx

  Dengue control aims to break the cycle of transmission through detecting and reducing vector populations. […] In dengue receptive areas, an outbreak prompts urgent and intensive mosquito control activities around the addresses where the cases may have been viraemic. […] The primary vector of dengue, Ae. aegypti, is highly domestic and blood-feeds and harbours within premises. […] Infected people in receptive areas should be advised to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes for up to twelve days from onset of illness to avoid passing dengue virus onto mosquitoes, which can facilitate further transmission to humans. […] Active case finding should occur following identification of a case acquired or present while viraemic in receptive areas. […] The purpose is to quickly establish whether an outbreak is occurring and direct control efforts to new areas where cases are found.

• #41 Dengue Fever – 衛生福利部疾病管制署

  https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/ListContent/bg0g_VU_Ysrgkes_KRUDgQ?uaid=9_Oq7OYHa-l8B05iUwyVvQ

  Strengthening education and training for disease prevention workers and volunteers. […] Setting up a vector surveillance mechanism to check places with a high mosquito density probability and promptly wipe out vector sources. […] Secondary measures cover disease surveillance and emergency/contingency mechanisms. […] Constructing a disease surveillance mechanism for prompt control of suspected cases, strengthening disease surveillance and disease trend evaluation through official epidemic reporting systems and emerging disease surveillance, as well as public reporting and symptom declaration forms. […] Setting up emergency/contingency mechanisms to promptly investigate suspected transmission sources and spraying insecticide to eliminate those sources, and publicizing the importance of eliminating vector-breeding sites to prevent possible infection.

• #42 DENGUE: LATEST ADVANCES IN TREATMENT AND PREVENTION | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/dengue-latest-advances-in-treatment-and-prevention

  Vaccines: Vaccination is a critical preventive measure against dengue. The availability and utilization of dengue vaccines contribute to reducing dengue cases and its impact on public health. […] Countries and communities can look towards the following prevention measures: […] Awareness campaigns and vector control programs implemented by public health authorities are necessary to educate communities, promote prevention practices, and implement effective mosquito control measures. […] Engaging communities in clean-up drives and implementing effective waste management strategies can minimize potential mosquito breeding sites and reduce the mosquito population. […] Leveraging technology, such as geographic information systems (GIS), can enhance surveillance efforts to identify high-risk areas, track outbreaks, and facilitate targeted interventions. […] By adopting these prevention strategies, individuals, communities, and global health authorities can work toward mitigating the transmission and impact of dengue.

• #43 Dengue Fever – 衛生福利部疾病管制署

  https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/ListContent/bg0g_VU_Ysrgkes_KRUDgQ?uaid=9_Oq7OYHa-l8B05iUwyVvQ

  The main strategies to control dengue fever in Taiwan are eliminating vector breeding sources and effectively lowering vector (mosquito) density. […] Taiwan CDC has devised a three-stage prevention strategy for controlling the dengue fever epidemic. […] Primary prevention measures include source reduction and control of the vector population. […] Implementing health education through various communication channels to promote dengue fever and severe dengue awareness. […] Involving the community in improving environmental and household sanitation along with reducing vector sources through volunteer training. […] Encouraging regular inspection and eliminating vector breeding sources by cleaning empty houses, vacant lots, and other potential vector breeding sources, and keeping a record of these places for future inspections.

• #44 Exploring community behaviours and stakeholder challenges in engaging communities with dengue prevention behaviour in Malaysia: implementation research for a qualitative study with a community-based participatory research design | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e074222

  Objectives To use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design to explore local community behaviours and stakeholders challenges in engaging communities in dengue prevention behaviours in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. […] Effective communication, including clear and aesthetically pleasing messages, motivates individuals to take appropriate actions. It is crucial for the authorities to engage in inclusive communication and consider diverse perspectives, such as those of residents and individuals exposed to dengue infection. […] Effective and sustained dengue vector control programmes require multisector collaboration and coordination. […] Community engagement with a sense of ownership is essential to achieve long-term success in dengue vector control. […] To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to integrate components such as active surveillance, emergency response, community-based mosquito control and vaccines, if available.

• #45 A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003655

  There is a growing consensus among dengue experts that eliminating dengue as a public health burden can only be achieved by integrating vector control with vaccines. Integrated strategies will pose new challenges, such as (1) designing vector control strategies that account for variation in spatial and temporal patterns in vaccine rollout and the subsequent alterations that the vaccine may cause in virus transmission dynamics.

• #46 Exploring community behaviours and stakeholder challenges in engaging communities with dengue prevention behaviour in Malaysia: implementation research for a qualitative study with a community-based participatory research design | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e074222

  The ongoing development of new strategies and tools highlights the need for continued innovation and collaboration across disciplines and sectors. […] The study framework integrated the ideation model that served as deductive analysis to examine the social and cognitive factors, environmental challenges and emotional aspects influencing the intention of dengue prevention behaviours in Malaysia. […] CBPR methodologies are recommended to explore community attitudes towards dengue prevention and control in the area, and stakeholders challenges in implementing a dengue prevention and control programme. […] The participants listed several factors that affected the possibility of being bitten by mosquitoes and being exposed to dengue virus. […] Community behaviour appeared to be characterised by a lack of action and insufficient effort from stakeholders in addressing dengue cases.

• #47 Sustainable Dengue Prevention and Management: Integrating Dengue Vaccination Strategies with Population Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/2/184

  Low-to-moderate KAP levels were attributed by several common factors across the countries. […] The overall sentiment regarding the importance of vaccines is positive. […] Education programs can specifically fill these pre-identified knowledge gaps to empower populations to proactively safeguard their health. […] Policymakers, funders, and community partners are increasingly interested in the sustainability of effective health intervention programs. […] In the context of dengue prevention, it is recommended to establish a dengue task force or alliance alongside national sustainability efforts to ensure the long-term viability of such programs. […] To effectively combat dengue, collaboration and coordination among all national and international stakeholders is essential.

• #48 Empowering Communities through Citizen Science: Dengue Prevention in Córdoba

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/10/826

  Community education is a key element of the IMS, as it has driven significant behavior changes in dengue prevention. Previous initiatives in Honduras, Mexico, and Colombia have shown the effectiveness of engaging students and their families in reducing mosquito breeding sites and promoting preventive practices at home. In Argentina, similar educational actions have been implemented in Buenos Aires, such as workshops and placing ovitraps, thus emphasizing the role of students as agents of change at home and in their communities. […] Community engagement through “student-led science” leads to a change in attitudes at home because students become efficient health educators. This study aims to assess household perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, preventive practices, as well as motivate students to take action regarding dengue fever in Córdoba City during a DEN outbreak. This study seeks to provide further evidence on the potential for educational programs to enhance dengue prevention in temperate regions like Córdoba by examining socioecological factors and community engagement through student initiatives.

• #49 Current prevention and potential treatment options for dengue infection – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31539321/

  Various approaches have been used and are still being explored towards producing vaccines for dengue. […] The aim is to produce a vaccine which can target all the four serotypes of the virus. […] Monoclonal antibodies are widely researched on to equip the host defense mechanism against the dengue virus. […] The importance of surveillance and supportive therapy are also discussed.

• #50 E-DENGUE: A user-friendly digital prediction tool for dengue prevention – School of Public Health – University of Queensland

  https://public-health.uq.edu.au/research/e-dengue

  The E-DENGUE project would develop a user-friendly digital prediction tool for dengue prevention in the Mekong Delta Region, Vietnam. […] E-DENGUE will provide timely warnings from the surveillance system that will support the local health departments and the community to proactively plan and deploy dengue preventive and control measures in high-risk areas. […] advance notice provided by E-DENGUE will empowers decision-makers and communities to facilitate effective management of finite resources and scale up prevention and preparedness interventions for outbreak responses.

• #51 Dengue fever explained: from disease spread to prevention | News | Wellcome

  https://wellcome.org/news/dengue-fever-explained-disease-spread-prevention

  Ofa and her daughter Carol sit by the mosquito trap they have from the World Mosquito Program. The trap is used to monitor the population of mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia, a bacterium that reduces their ability to transmit dengue and other diseases. […] Dengue prevention methods exist but they are often not effective enough. […] Dengue control programmes have predominately focused on vector control. But I think this hasnt been working. So we do need new methods of controlling dengue. And that includes: improving our surveillance systems, we need a comprehensive vaccine programme as well as treatment strategies. Currently we have no treatments for dengue, no antivirals and no host-directed therapies. […] There are also several traditional methods to prevent and control dengue. Insecticides, window screens and mosquito nets can help protect against mosquito bites, and covering water storage tanks can help stop mosquito breeding. However, there is evidence that some mosquitoes have become more resistant to insecticides, and the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes move during the daytime when bed nets arent as effective.

• #52 Dengue fever explained: from disease spread to prevention | News | Wellcome

  https://wellcome.org/news/dengue-fever-explained-disease-spread-prevention

  While these vaccines and methods exist, they are failing to meet the needs of everyone affected by and at risk of dengue. […] To prevent and control dengue, its crucial to make sure that the products to detect, prevent and control it are accessible, affordable, available and appropriate for everyone. […] More research, funding, disease surveillance and global collaboration are needed to better understand how dengue spreads, its impact on human health and how to develop more effective products to prevent and control it. […] This needs to be combined with urgent action to mitigate climate change as cutting emissions could significantly reduce disease transmission and help protect billions.

• #53

  https://aimp2.apec.org/sites/PDB/Lists/Proposals/DispForm.aspx?ID=3589

  Project Summary: In the post-COVID-19 era, the reopening of borders, coupled with global warming, has led to a resurgence of the global dengue fever epidemic. Chinese Taipei proposes a project to provide APEC economies with a platform to share and discuss effective dengue prevention strategies. This project will strengthen sustainable and affordable control measures and clinical management for dengue prevention, thereby protecting peoples health. […] Preventing or reducing dengue virus transmission depends entirely on vector population control and interruption of human-vector contact. Despite the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) approach promoted by WHO for vector population control, there is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue infection. […] Therefore, this project aims to provide APEC member economies with a platform to share and discuss the best practices or models of collaboration between public authority, private sector, and academia in developing effective dengue prevention strategies, which should strengthen sustainable and affordable control measures against and clinical management of the epidemic, thereby protecting peoples health and stabilizing the economy.

• #54

  https://aimp2.apec.org/sites/PDB/Lists/Proposals/DispForm.aspx?ID=3589

  The project will help member economies build their capacity for safe and efficient dengue prevention and control. This meets APEC’s capacity building goals by focusing on improving the economic and social well-being of the people in the Asia-Pacific region, and attaining sustainable growth and equitable development in the region. The project intends to enhance the capacity of developing member economies in this region through the exchange of knowledge and experiences in managing infectious diseases, thereby enabling member economies to improve their strategies for preventing dengue and utilizing digital technologies with a whole-of-society approach that ensures community health. […] The specific objectives of this project are to: (1) share experiences and information on dengue prevention among various member economies and stakeholders, and discuss the challenges posed by the impact of global warming on vectors and dengue outbreaks. (2) introduce advances in surveillance, environmental management, vector control and studies, and digital technology (epidemic geographic information systems, risk prediction models, unmanned ground vehicle systems, etc.) for dengue prevention to enhance the capacity of APEC developing economies to prevent dengue outbreaks and manage clinical cases. (3) establish channels for dengue data exchange to build an effective and long-term cooperative relationship.

• #55 Sustainable Dengue Prevention and Management: Integrating Dengue Vaccination Strategies with Population Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/2/184

  Given the growing threat of dengue, effective dengue prevention and management programs that resonate with the population are critical to elicit community efforts in dengue prevention. […] Building on the GEMKAP study, this commentary takes the next step to identify the drivers and barriers of the APAC and LATAM health systems for implementing a national dengue management and prevention program that leverages insights from the general population. […] The population consistently preferred a multi-pronged dengue prevention and management program. Therefore, in the context of this commentary, a dengue management program will refer to one that concurrently comprises dengue vaccination, education, and vector control initiatives. […] The GEMKAP study reported that the KAP levels were similar across both APAC and LATAM countries—knowledge (48%, standardized, 0–100% scale) and practice (44%) levels were low, while attitude (66%) levels were moderate.

• #56 Photo diary: A closer look at dengue prevention in India | PATH

  https://www.path.org/our-impact/articles/photo-diary-a-closer-look-at-dengue-prevention-in-india/

  Dengue is the fastest-growing infectious disease globally, with reported cases on the rise in both urban and rural areas in India. […] In India, state efforts are currently focused on controlling and preventing dengue. […] When it comes to outbreak management and active disease surveillance, having a strong presence within the communities where dengue is present is invaluable […] The combined efforts of surveillance, education, and vector control are key to reducing the burden of this rapidly growing infectious disease. […] Cleaning, regular inspection, and tightly covering water storage units are critical practices to prevent mosquito breeding and reduce the risk of dengue outbreaks. […] Identifying and addressing such hazards is a key step in preventing the spread of the disease.

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