Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Black eye – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_eye

  A periorbital hematoma, commonly called a black eye or a shiner, is bruising around the eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than to the eye. The name refers to the dark-colored bruising which is the result of accumulated blood and fluid in the loose areolar tissue following a blow to the head. […] This blood tracks freely under the scalp producing a generalised swelling over the dome of the skull but cannot pass into either occipital or the temple regions because of the bony attachments of the occipitofrontalis muscle. But this fluid can, however, track forward into the eyelid because the occipitofrontalis muscle has no bony attachment anteriorly. This leads to formation of hematoma a few hours after the head injury or cranial operation. […] The fatty tissue along with the lack of muscle around the eye socket allows a potential space for blood accumulation. As this blood decomposes and is resorbed, various pigments are released lending itself to the extreme outward appearance.

• #2 Black eye: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ImageLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1688.htm

  A black eye is caused by bleeding into the tissue around the eye. This most often follows trauma. The medical term for this type of bruising is ecchymosis.

• #3 Black eye (periorbital haematoma) – treatment and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/black-eye

  A black eye is a bruise in the tissues around your eye. A black eye is also known as periorbital haematoma. Most black eyes will heal on their own in a few days. […] The most common cause of a black eye is an injury that affects the area around your eye. Eye injuries or trauma may include a knock, hit, or impact. […] Eye trauma can be caused by: an accident, an assault, contact during sport, walking into something. […] Other causes of a black eye include: facial surgery (for example, cosmetic surgery or nasal surgery), a skull fracture (usually causing a black eye in both eyes). […] If you have a black eye, it’s a good idea to see your doctor as soon as you can. They can rule out any other serious eye issues. […] You should seek medical help right away if you lost consciousness when you received the black eye. A doctor can rule out any head injuries.

• #4 Black eye: Causes, effects, treatment, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249231

  A black eye is when there is bluish-dark bruising under the skin around the eye. This happens when capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, burst and leak blood under the skin. […] A black eye itself is not dangerous, and the discoloration is usually due to bruising around the eye. However, if a black eye and other symptoms occur as a result of physical trauma to the eye, then emergency treatment may be necessary. […] Bruising around both eyes, known as raccoon eyes or raccoon sign, may indicate a skull fracture or other type of head injury. This requires urgent medical attention. […] Medical treatments may be necessary if a black eye does not heal on its own, or if it occurs alongside other symptoms. […] The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, if they suspect a bone fracture.

• #5 Black Eye: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-eye

  A black eye is usually the result of trauma to the face, which causes bleeding beneath the skin. […] A black eye is the appearance of bruising around the eyes. When the small blood vessels, or capillaries, beneath the skin break due to trauma, blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This is what causes the discoloration or bruising. […] Black eyes can appear after some surgical procedures, such as nose surgery or a facelift. A black eye may occur when blood, originating in the forehead or nose, settles by gravity under the eye. Raccoon eyes refers to blood that settles under the eyes and is associated with a fracture in the base of the skull. […] If a skull fracture is suspected, your doctor will order a CT scan and X-ray of your face and head. […] Conditions that are likely associated with a black eye include: broken nose, concussion, dengue fever, hemophilia, epidural hematoma, eye emergencies, head injury, factor II deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture, subdural hematoma, von Willebrand disease.

• #6 Black eyes matter—do we treat Black patients differently in ophthalmology? | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-021-01567-1

• #7 Black eye – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_eye

  A periorbital hematoma, commonly called a black eye or a shiner, is bruising around the eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than to the eye. The name refers to the dark-colored bruising which is the result of accumulated blood and fluid in the loose areolar tissue following a blow to the head. […] This blood tracks freely under the scalp producing a generalised swelling over the dome of the skull but cannot pass into either occipital or the temple regions because of the bony attachments of the occipitofrontalis muscle. But this fluid can, however, track forward into the eyelid because the occipitofrontalis muscle has no bony attachment anteriorly. This leads to formation of hematoma a few hours after the head injury or cranial operation. […] The fatty tissue along with the lack of muscle around the eye socket allows a potential space for blood accumulation. As this blood decomposes and is resorbed, various pigments are released lending itself to the extreme outward appearance.

• #8 Black eye – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_eye

  A periorbital hematoma, commonly called a black eye or a shiner, is bruising around the eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than to the eye. The name refers to the dark-colored bruising which is the result of accumulated blood and fluid in the loose areolar tissue following a blow to the head. […] This blood tracks freely under the scalp producing a generalised swelling over the dome of the skull but cannot pass into either occipital or the temple regions because of the bony attachments of the occipitofrontalis muscle. But this fluid can, however, track forward into the eyelid because the occipitofrontalis muscle has no bony attachment anteriorly. This leads to formation of hematoma a few hours after the head injury or cranial operation. […] The fatty tissue along with the lack of muscle around the eye socket allows a potential space for blood accumulation. As this blood decomposes and is resorbed, various pigments are released lending itself to the extreme outward appearance.

• #9 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A black eye is a relatively common result of injury to the face or the head, caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye; swelling and dark discoloration result-hence, the name „black eye.” […] Most black eyes are relatively minor injuries. Many heal in a few days, however, sometimes they signify a more serious injury. […] Despite the name, „black eye,” the eye itself is not usually injured. The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself. Think of it as a bruise around the eye. […] Like a bruise, as a black eye heals, the swelling around the eye decreases, and the bruise gradually fades. […] The skin around the eye is very loose, with mostly fat underneath, making it an ideal site for fluid to accumulate. The effects of gravity also help to swell this part of the face. This is why many people wake up with puffy eyes in the morning.

• #10 Black Eye Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/black-eye

  A black eye is bruising around your eye that develops after trauma to your face or head. […] But theres a catch sometimes, the trauma that causes a black eye can do further damage. […] This trauma damages tiny blood vessels just beneath your skin. When these vessels get hurt, they start to leak blood. The blood builds up under your skin, causing bruising and swelling. […] You might wonder how surgery in your mouth or somewhere else in your face can cause bruising around your eye. Its because surgery can cause a bit of blood to leak out. This blood can then move beneath your skin. When it reaches the delicate area around your eyes, it forms a bruise. […] A black eye itself doesnt lead to complications. This is temporary bruising that will heal on its own. But the trauma to your face or head that caused the black eye may lead to other complications, including:

• #11 Anatomy of a „black eye”: a newly described fascial system of the lower eyelid – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9579587/

  The anatomy of a black eye is examined in a series of cadaver dissections in which a previously unreported fascial system of the lower eyelid is identified. This fascia originates at the orbital rim, and is in continuity with the orbital septum and with the periosteum of the orbital floor and anterior maxillary wall. This fascia contributes to the thickened area along the orbital rim called the arcus marginale. […] After periorbital injury, extravasated hemoglobin pigment is confined to the area above the cutaneous insertion of this membrane. This fascial system has been named the septum malaris: malar describes its origin along the orbital rim of the cheek, and septum further describes the partitioning nature of this ultra-thin membrane.

• #12 Anatomy of a „black eye”: a newly described fascial system of the lower eyelid – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9579587/

  The anatomy of a black eye is examined in a series of cadaver dissections in which a previously unreported fascial system of the lower eyelid is identified. This fascia originates at the orbital rim, and is in continuity with the orbital septum and with the periosteum of the orbital floor and anterior maxillary wall. This fascia contributes to the thickened area along the orbital rim called the arcus marginale. […] After periorbital injury, extravasated hemoglobin pigment is confined to the area above the cutaneous insertion of this membrane. This fascial system has been named the septum malaris: malar describes its origin along the orbital rim of the cheek, and septum further describes the partitioning nature of this ultra-thin membrane.

• #13 Eye Injuries | Your Eye Health

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-health/eye-injury/

  A black eye refers to visible bruising around the eye caused by damaged blood vessels bleeding under the skin. Black eyes are not usually concerning. However, in some cases, they can indicate a more severe injury that needs urgent medical attention, like a bone fracture to the eye socket or skull. […] A black eye usually results from a blow to the eye, face or head. This type of blunt trauma commonly comes from: A fall, Being hit in the eye with a ball during sports, A punch or kick. […] Black eyes have four stages of healing: Day 1: Blood gathers around the eye, causing swelling and redness, and visual signs of bruising emerge, Days 2 -5: The body starts to break down the haemoglobin in the blood around the eye, and the bruising turns purple or blue, Days 5-10: The blood around the eye continues to reabsorb into the body, and the bruising starts to fade into a green or yellowish colour, Days 10-14: The bruise gradually fades and heals. […] Black eyes generally fade and heal on their own over time. However, some first aid measures may help reduce swelling and pain.

• #14 The time-dependent appearance of black eyes – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8547167/

  The time-dependent appearance of hematomas of the eyelids was investigated in 484 cases of head injury. In individuals with apparent signs of direct violence to the orbit or the nose, black eyes could be observed even without relevant post-infliction intervals. […] Similarly, in victims with fractures at the anterior base of the skull hematomas of the eyelids were found even though death had occurred rapidly within less than 30 min after trauma. […] Black eyes that can be explained exclusively by a seepage of blood from frontal scalp wounds appeared approximately 4 h after wound infliction at the earliest, indicating a minimum post-infliction interval. […] Since hemorrhages of the eyelids can also be induced postmortem by direct violence to the orbit, particularly in cases with hypostasis of the face, the presence of black eyes seems not to be an unambiguous sign of vital trauma.

• #15 The time-dependent appearance of black eyes – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8547167/

  The time-dependent appearance of hematomas of the eyelids was investigated in 484 cases of head injury. In individuals with apparent signs of direct violence to the orbit or the nose, black eyes could be observed even without relevant post-infliction intervals. […] Similarly, in victims with fractures at the anterior base of the skull hematomas of the eyelids were found even though death had occurred rapidly within less than 30 min after trauma. […] Black eyes that can be explained exclusively by a seepage of blood from frontal scalp wounds appeared approximately 4 h after wound infliction at the earliest, indicating a minimum post-infliction interval. […] Since hemorrhages of the eyelids can also be induced postmortem by direct violence to the orbit, particularly in cases with hypostasis of the face, the presence of black eyes seems not to be an unambiguous sign of vital trauma.

• #16 Periorbital Ecchymosis (Black Eye) | Anesthesia Key

  https://aneskey.com/periorbital-ecchymosis-black-eye/

  The extent of ocular damage depends on the size, hardness, and velocity of the blunt object causing the injury. […] A direct blow to the globe from a blunt object smaller than the eyes orbital opening is more likely to cause injury to internal ocular structures (e.g., iris injury, ruptured globe, hyphema, retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage). […] Injury by a blunt object larger than the orbital opening exerts force on the floor of the orbit or the medial wall, which is more likely to result in fractures of the thin bones (e.g., blow-out fracture). […] Sudden orbital swelling or inflation immediately after nose blowing is caused by air being forced from a paranasal sinus (most often the maxillary) to the orbit through a fracture, which may act as a one-way valve, increasing the orbital pressure and potentially leading to a compressive optic neuropathy.

• #17 What Exactly Is a Black Eye? | Wesson and Mothershed Eye Center Tupelo, Mississippi

  https://www.wandmeyes.com/got-a-shiner-2017/

  A black eye, also known as a periorbital hematoma, is usually not an injury of the actual eye (which is why it is called periorbital- around the eye). It typically occurs when there is an injury to the face or the eye socket which causes bleeding beneath the skin and bruising. The term, black eye comes from the dark coloring of the bruising that occurs underneath the skin around the eye. […] When a blunt force hits the eye socket, this can cause capillaries in the area to burst, causing hemorrhaging, also known as a hematoma. This blood can accumulate in the eye socket and as it begins to be reabsorbed into the surrounding tissues, the colors of the bruising begin to change. Thats why you will often notice the coloring of the black eye to go from a dark purplish-red color to brownish and then yellow.

• #18 What Exactly Is a Black Eye? | Wesson and Mothershed Eye Center Tupelo, Mississippi

  https://www.wandmeyes.com/got-a-shiner-2017/

  While most black eyes can look pretty serious due to the dramatic color, an uncomplicated black eye will typically heal within a week to ten days. If it doesnt, there could be a more serious issue such as a bone fracture or an orbital blowout fracture. This could present with restricted eye movement, especially if looking up or down, and numbness of the cheek and/or upper lip on the same side as the black eye. The eye may even appear sunken in. Further, if there is bleeding within the actual eye (called a hyphema) or floaters or flashes in the vision, then it is definitely advisable to see your eye doctor as soon as possible. These could be signs of more serious damage such a corneal or retinal damage and can lead to vision loss. […] In addition to blunt trauma, black eyes can be caused by sinus infections, nasal or eye surgery or other infections in the area such as the teeth infections or cellulitis (a serious infection that can occur around the eyes). A skull fracture can also cause both eyes to turn black, sometimes known as raccoon eyes.

• #19 Periorbital Ecchymosis (Black Eye) | Anesthesia Key

  https://aneskey.com/periorbital-ecchymosis-black-eye/

  The extent of ocular damage depends on the size, hardness, and velocity of the blunt object causing the injury. […] A direct blow to the globe from a blunt object smaller than the eyes orbital opening is more likely to cause injury to internal ocular structures (e.g., iris injury, ruptured globe, hyphema, retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage). […] Injury by a blunt object larger than the orbital opening exerts force on the floor of the orbit or the medial wall, which is more likely to result in fractures of the thin bones (e.g., blow-out fracture). […] Sudden orbital swelling or inflation immediately after nose blowing is caused by air being forced from a paranasal sinus (most often the maxillary) to the orbit through a fracture, which may act as a one-way valve, increasing the orbital pressure and potentially leading to a compressive optic neuropathy.

• #20 Black Eye: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-eye

  A black eye is usually the result of trauma to the face, which causes bleeding beneath the skin. […] A black eye is the appearance of bruising around the eyes. When the small blood vessels, or capillaries, beneath the skin break due to trauma, blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This is what causes the discoloration or bruising. […] Black eyes can appear after some surgical procedures, such as nose surgery or a facelift. A black eye may occur when blood, originating in the forehead or nose, settles by gravity under the eye. Raccoon eyes refers to blood that settles under the eyes and is associated with a fracture in the base of the skull. […] If a skull fracture is suspected, your doctor will order a CT scan and X-ray of your face and head. […] Conditions that are likely associated with a black eye include: broken nose, concussion, dengue fever, hemophilia, epidural hematoma, eye emergencies, head injury, factor II deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture, subdural hematoma, von Willebrand disease.

• #21 Black Eye Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/black-eye

  A black eye is bruising around your eye that develops after trauma to your face or head. […] But theres a catch sometimes, the trauma that causes a black eye can do further damage. […] This trauma damages tiny blood vessels just beneath your skin. When these vessels get hurt, they start to leak blood. The blood builds up under your skin, causing bruising and swelling. […] You might wonder how surgery in your mouth or somewhere else in your face can cause bruising around your eye. Its because surgery can cause a bit of blood to leak out. This blood can then move beneath your skin. When it reaches the delicate area around your eyes, it forms a bruise. […] A black eye itself doesnt lead to complications. This is temporary bruising that will heal on its own. But the trauma to your face or head that caused the black eye may lead to other complications, including:

• #22

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/5-things-to-know-about-black-eye

  A blow to the eye or to the head can cause the skin around the eye to turn purple, blue and black. This happens because skin around the eye is very loose, so fluid fills up underneath, causing swelling and bruising. […] A blow to the eye can also break the paper thin bones that surround the eye. This is called an orbital fracture. […] If there is bleeding inside the eye, or if the injury raises pressure in the eye, a more serious problem is at hand. […] In some cases, someone can suffer a skull fracture and not know it until they develop two black eyes (raccoon eyes) a couple of days later. This occurs when blood from the head trauma leaks into the soft tissue around the eyes.

• #23 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  Dr. Editor, […] Raccoon eyes is a clinical sign characterised by the presence of uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that manifests 23 days after head trauma, which is associated with basilar skull fracture. […] In contrast to this sign, the periorbital haematoma colloquially known as black eye would be described as the uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that frequently manifests in the first 24h after a facial trauma, which may affect the whole eyelid, and is not associated with basilar skull fracture. […] A cranial CT scan showed haemorrhagic contusions in the bilateral frontal basal region, with an associated small subarachnoid haemorrhagic component, and medial frontal fracture, with no pneumocephalus or paranasal sinus occupation. […] A series of clinical signs may lead physicians to suspect basilar skull fractures, such as CSF rhinorrhoea, CSF otorrhoea, retroauricular ecchymosis (also known as Battle sign, which is particularly associated with fracture of the temporal bone), haemotympanum, and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon sign), the finding observed in our patient.

• #24 Periorbital Ecchymosis (Black Eye) | Anesthesia Key

  https://aneskey.com/periorbital-ecchymosis-black-eye/

  The extent of ocular damage depends on the size, hardness, and velocity of the blunt object causing the injury. […] A direct blow to the globe from a blunt object smaller than the eyes orbital opening is more likely to cause injury to internal ocular structures (e.g., iris injury, ruptured globe, hyphema, retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage). […] Injury by a blunt object larger than the orbital opening exerts force on the floor of the orbit or the medial wall, which is more likely to result in fractures of the thin bones (e.g., blow-out fracture). […] Sudden orbital swelling or inflation immediately after nose blowing is caused by air being forced from a paranasal sinus (most often the maxillary) to the orbit through a fracture, which may act as a one-way valve, increasing the orbital pressure and potentially leading to a compressive optic neuropathy.

• #25  A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Treating Black Eyes

  https://www.aec2020.org/blog/a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-and-treating-black-eyes.html

  Black eye, also known as a periorbital hematoma, refers to bruising, discoloration, and swelling around the eye area. This condition is common and results from damaged blood vessels near the eye. […] Black eyes happen when something hits the eye area. This can break tiny blood vessels next to the skin around the eyes. When these vessels break, blood leaks under the skin, leading to swelling and bruising. […] Breaking bones near the eye, like the nose bone or eye socket, can also cause black eyes. […] Forceful sneezing, coughing, or vomiting can also put pressure on eye blood vessels and lead to a black eye. […] Doctors also want to know if it hurts to move the eye, as this may mean damage to muscles or nerves. […] While most black eyes improve with simple home care, prompt medical attention is necessary if the patient experiences: Sudden vision loss or severe eye pain signaling potential eye damage or glaucoma. […] Inability to move the eye due to injury of eye muscles or orbital bones. […] To prevent black eyes, wear helmets, goggles, or face shields when needed to protect the eyes.

• #26 Black eye: Treatment, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, Side Effects And More

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/black-eye

  Black eye, also known as shiner or periorbital hematoma, is a common condition where the skin around the eye turns dark or discolored due to the accumulation of blood in the tissue. […] The main causes of black eye include; Trauma: One of the most common causes of black eye is physical trauma to the face or head, such as a punch, blow, or fall. This type of injury can cause the delicate blood vessels under the skin to rupture, leading to the formation of a bruise and discoloration around the eye. […] Certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, blood vessel diseases, and autoimmune conditions, can increase the risk of developing a black eye. These conditions can cause blood vessels to weaken and more easily rupture, leading to the formation of a bruise. […] Medications like blood thinners, can increase the risk of developing a black eye as they can cause blood vessels to become more fragile, making them more likely to rupture when subjected to trauma.

• #27 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  Dr. Editor, […] Raccoon eyes is a clinical sign characterised by the presence of uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that manifests 23 days after head trauma, which is associated with basilar skull fracture. […] In contrast to this sign, the periorbital haematoma colloquially known as black eye would be described as the uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that frequently manifests in the first 24h after a facial trauma, which may affect the whole eyelid, and is not associated with basilar skull fracture. […] A cranial CT scan showed haemorrhagic contusions in the bilateral frontal basal region, with an associated small subarachnoid haemorrhagic component, and medial frontal fracture, with no pneumocephalus or paranasal sinus occupation. […] A series of clinical signs may lead physicians to suspect basilar skull fractures, such as CSF rhinorrhoea, CSF otorrhoea, retroauricular ecchymosis (also known as Battle sign, which is particularly associated with fracture of the temporal bone), haemotympanum, and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon sign), the finding observed in our patient.

• #28 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  Dr. Editor, […] Raccoon eyes is a clinical sign characterised by the presence of uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that manifests 23 days after head trauma, which is associated with basilar skull fracture. […] In contrast to this sign, the periorbital haematoma colloquially known as black eye would be described as the uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that frequently manifests in the first 24h after a facial trauma, which may affect the whole eyelid, and is not associated with basilar skull fracture. […] A cranial CT scan showed haemorrhagic contusions in the bilateral frontal basal region, with an associated small subarachnoid haemorrhagic component, and medial frontal fracture, with no pneumocephalus or paranasal sinus occupation. […] A series of clinical signs may lead physicians to suspect basilar skull fractures, such as CSF rhinorrhoea, CSF otorrhoea, retroauricular ecchymosis (also known as Battle sign, which is particularly associated with fracture of the temporal bone), haemotympanum, and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon sign), the finding observed in our patient.

• #29 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  In these cases, examination is essential for diagnosis and, consequently, for appropriate management, as specific treatment may be needed for some diseases associated with basilar skull fractures, such as CSF fistula, carotid-cavernous fistula, brain abscesses, or meningitis. […] The term raccoon sign should be limited to cases of periorbital ecchymosis, sparing the palpebral tarsus, due to fractures to the base of the skull. […] In conclusion, the raccoon sign is easy to identify in the physical examination. Its presence after head trauma is strongly associated with a fracture at the skull base. The presence of palpebral ecchymosis in the absence of a previous head trauma may serve as a warning sign for other possible diagnoses.

• #30 Black Eye Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/black-eye.html

  A black eye, sometimes called a „shiner,” is a bruise around the eye. When an object strikes the eye, the force of the impact breaks delicate blood vessels in the eyelids and surrounding tissues. Blood collects under the skin, and causes black or blue discoloration in the eyelids and around the eye socket. […] Most black eyes are superficial injuries that don’t cause any permanent damage to the eye or to the tissues around it. When vision changes after a blow to the eye, it is a warning sign that the injury may be more than a simple bruise. The force of the blow may have fractured the delicate bones that form the eye socket, or the structure of the eye itself may be damaged. […] Most black eyes are no more dangerous than a simple bruise on your arm or leg. There are times, however, when a black eye can be a sign of a more serious problem, such as a fracture of the eye socket or an injury to the inside of the eye.

• #31 Black eye: Causes, effects, treatment, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249231

  A black eye is when there is bluish-dark bruising under the skin around the eye. This happens when capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, burst and leak blood under the skin. […] A black eye itself is not dangerous, and the discoloration is usually due to bruising around the eye. However, if a black eye and other symptoms occur as a result of physical trauma to the eye, then emergency treatment may be necessary. […] Bruising around both eyes, known as raccoon eyes or raccoon sign, may indicate a skull fracture or other type of head injury. This requires urgent medical attention. […] Medical treatments may be necessary if a black eye does not heal on its own, or if it occurs alongside other symptoms. […] The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, if they suspect a bone fracture.

• #32 Black Eye Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/black-eye

  A black eye is bruising around your eye that develops after trauma to your face or head. […] But theres a catch sometimes, the trauma that causes a black eye can do further damage. […] This trauma damages tiny blood vessels just beneath your skin. When these vessels get hurt, they start to leak blood. The blood builds up under your skin, causing bruising and swelling. […] You might wonder how surgery in your mouth or somewhere else in your face can cause bruising around your eye. Its because surgery can cause a bit of blood to leak out. This blood can then move beneath your skin. When it reaches the delicate area around your eyes, it forms a bruise. […] A black eye itself doesnt lead to complications. This is temporary bruising that will heal on its own. But the trauma to your face or head that caused the black eye may lead to other complications, including:

• #33 Black Eye Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Floaters

  https://www.medicinenet.com/black_eye/article.htm

  A black eye often results from injury to the face or the head and is caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye. […] The skin around the eye is very loose, with mostly fat underneath it, and fluid accumulates easily in this area. […] Depending on the location and type of injury, one or both eyes may be affected. […] Severe injuries, especially forceful blunt trauma to the eye area may result in complications. […] Traumatic uveitis and iritis (iritis is a type of uveitis) result from blunt trauma to the eye. […] Hyphema is an accumulation of blood in the front (anterior) chamber of the eye following injury and can cause damage to the interior tissues of the eye. […] Glaucoma may also result from blunt trauma to the eye and can occur immediately or years later. […] Orbital floor fracture (blowout fracture) may also occur as a result of forceful blunt trauma to the eye. […] Retinal detachment can result in permanent vision loss.

• #34 Things to know about black eye – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/things-to-know-about-black-eye/

  A black eye often results from injury to the face or the head and is caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, nose, or forehead. […] Complications include traumatic iritis and uveitis, hyphema, glaucoma, orbital floor fracture (blowout fracture), and retinal detachment. […] Despite the name, black eye, the eye itself is not usually injured. […] The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself, like a bruise around the eye. […] Traumatic uveitis and iritis result from blunt trauma to the eye. A black eye may be the first sign of this condition. […] Glaucoma may also result from blunt trauma to the eye, and can occur immediately or years later.

• #35 Things to know about black eye – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/things-to-know-about-black-eye/

  The force of the trauma can cause bleeding inside the eye which leads to an increase in eye pressure and damages the optic nerve. […] Orbital floor fracture (blowout fracture) may also occur as a result of forceful blunt trauma to the eye. […] Retinal detachment can result in permanent vision loss.

• #36 Trauma | Ento Key

  https://entokey.com/trauma-11/

  Clinical features vary with the severity of trauma and the interval between injury and examination. […] Enophthalmos may be present if the fracture is severe, although it tends to manifest only after a few days as initial oedema resolves. […] Orbital (retrobulbar) haemorrhage is important chiefly due to the associated risk of acute orbital compartment syndrome with compressive optic neuropathy, and can lead to irreversible blindness of the affected eye in severe cases. […] Severe blunt trauma to the globe results in anteroposterior compression with simultaneous expansion in the equatorial plane associated with a transient but severe increase in IOP. […] The extent of ocular damage depends on the severity of trauma and tends largely to be concentrated to either the anterior or posterior segment.

• #37 Glaucoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839

  Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. As this nerve gradually gets worse, blind spots develop in your vision. For reasons that eye doctors don’t fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. […] Raised eye pressure happens as the result of a buildup of fluid that flows throughout the inside of the eye. This fluid, called the aqueous humor, usually drains through a tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. This tissue is called the trabecular meshwork. The cornea is important to vision because it lets light into the eye. When the eye makes too much fluid or the drainage system doesn’t work properly, eye pressure may increase. […] In pigmentary glaucoma, small pigment granules flake off from the iris and block or slow fluid drainage from the eye. Activities such as jogging sometimes stir up the pigment granules. That leads to a deposit of pigment granules on tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. The granule deposits cause an increase in pressure.

• #38 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A headache may also be present because the usual cause of a black eye is some sort of head injury. […] Signs of a more serious injury are: Double vision, Loss of sight, Loss of consciousness, Inability to move the eye, Blood or clear fluid from the nose or the ears, Blood on the surface of the eye itself, A persistent headache. […] For most black eyes, a basic physical examination is all that is required. The doctor asks about the facts in regard to the injury and looks for associated injuries or symptoms. […] Depending on what is found, the doctor may perform additional testing. […] If the doctor suspects the patient may have a fracture to the bones of the face or around the eye (the orbit), an X-ray or a CT scan may be ordered. This may also be done if the doctor suspects that something is inside the eye.

• #39  A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Treating Black Eyes

  https://www.aec2020.org/blog/a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-and-treating-black-eyes.html

  Black eye, also known as a periorbital hematoma, refers to bruising, discoloration, and swelling around the eye area. This condition is common and results from damaged blood vessels near the eye. […] Black eyes happen when something hits the eye area. This can break tiny blood vessels next to the skin around the eyes. When these vessels break, blood leaks under the skin, leading to swelling and bruising. […] Breaking bones near the eye, like the nose bone or eye socket, can also cause black eyes. […] Forceful sneezing, coughing, or vomiting can also put pressure on eye blood vessels and lead to a black eye. […] Doctors also want to know if it hurts to move the eye, as this may mean damage to muscles or nerves. […] While most black eyes improve with simple home care, prompt medical attention is necessary if the patient experiences: Sudden vision loss or severe eye pain signaling potential eye damage or glaucoma. […] Inability to move the eye due to injury of eye muscles or orbital bones. […] To prevent black eyes, wear helmets, goggles, or face shields when needed to protect the eyes.

• #40 Black Eye: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-eye

  Black eyes due to a minor injury can be treated with ice, rest, and pain medication. […] A black eye may be the repercussion of a facial fracture. […] If headaches persist or if you experience a loss of vision or consciousness, your black eye may be a symptom of a concussion or a fracture. […] Sometimes black eyes can occur without trauma affecting the eye. […] Although highly unlikely, a black eye in a child without any sign of trauma can be an early symptom of myeloid leukemia. […] Most cases of a black eye can be treated at home with ice, rest, and pain relievers.

• #41 How a Black Eye Is Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-black-eye-3120409

  Black eyes can be caused by a punch or other injuries to the head and face, but fights account for only about 15% of these injuries. […] The injury breaks small blood vessels, and blood then pools up around the eye. That’s what causes the typical black-and-blue bruise (called ecchymosis). While rare, a black eye is sometimes a warning sign of a serious head or eye injury. […] However, black eyes also can occur due to a medical reason, including certain cancers or a surgical complication. […] Black eyes are a common result of a face or head injury. Small blood vessels break and produce the characteristic bruising around the eye. […] Most black eyes heal on their own. You can attempt to speed up healing with treatments like ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and some herbs and nutritional supplements. […] In rare cases, a black eye may be a sign that you have a more serious injury. Watch for concerning or worsening symptoms and get medical care when needed.

• #42 Black Eye: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-eye

  A black eye is usually the result of trauma to the face, which causes bleeding beneath the skin. […] A black eye is the appearance of bruising around the eyes. When the small blood vessels, or capillaries, beneath the skin break due to trauma, blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This is what causes the discoloration or bruising. […] Black eyes can appear after some surgical procedures, such as nose surgery or a facelift. A black eye may occur when blood, originating in the forehead or nose, settles by gravity under the eye. Raccoon eyes refers to blood that settles under the eyes and is associated with a fracture in the base of the skull. […] If a skull fracture is suspected, your doctor will order a CT scan and X-ray of your face and head. […] Conditions that are likely associated with a black eye include: broken nose, concussion, dengue fever, hemophilia, epidural hematoma, eye emergencies, head injury, factor II deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture, subdural hematoma, von Willebrand disease.

• #43 Black Eye: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.carehospitals.com/symptoms/black-eye

  A black eye, or periorbital haematoma, is a common injury that affects the area surrounding the eye. It occurs when the small blood vessels in the skin around the eye break. […] A black eye typically occurs when something strikes a person in the face. This could be a ball, a fist, a door, or an object. Common causes of black eyes include: […] Certain health conditions like amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and some cancers can also cause black eyes. […] While a black eye is often a minor injury that heals on its own, it can sometimes be a symptom of serious underlying issues. […] If left untreated, a black eye can lead to blindness in extreme cases. […] These may include brain bleeding or infection, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. […] If the doctor suspects a more serious injury or the presence of a foreign object in your eye, they might recommend further tests such as: […] Doctors may provide suitable treatment options if an underlying situation causes a black eye.

• #44 Black eye: Treatment, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, Side Effects And More

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/black-eye

  Black eye, also known as shiner or periorbital hematoma, is a common condition where the skin around the eye turns dark or discolored due to the accumulation of blood in the tissue. […] The main causes of black eye include; Trauma: One of the most common causes of black eye is physical trauma to the face or head, such as a punch, blow, or fall. This type of injury can cause the delicate blood vessels under the skin to rupture, leading to the formation of a bruise and discoloration around the eye. […] Certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, blood vessel diseases, and autoimmune conditions, can increase the risk of developing a black eye. These conditions can cause blood vessels to weaken and more easily rupture, leading to the formation of a bruise. […] Medications like blood thinners, can increase the risk of developing a black eye as they can cause blood vessels to become more fragile, making them more likely to rupture when subjected to trauma.

• #45 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A headache may also be present because the usual cause of a black eye is some sort of head injury. […] Signs of a more serious injury are: Double vision, Loss of sight, Loss of consciousness, Inability to move the eye, Blood or clear fluid from the nose or the ears, Blood on the surface of the eye itself, A persistent headache. […] For most black eyes, a basic physical examination is all that is required. The doctor asks about the facts in regard to the injury and looks for associated injuries or symptoms. […] Depending on what is found, the doctor may perform additional testing. […] If the doctor suspects the patient may have a fracture to the bones of the face or around the eye (the orbit), an X-ray or a CT scan may be ordered. This may also be done if the doctor suspects that something is inside the eye.

• #46 Black Eye Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/black-eye

  Healthcare providers diagnose a black eye by examining your eye area. They look for the bruising and swelling typical of a black eye. […] If an injury caused your black eye, you can treat it by using cold compresses. These help stop bleeding under your skin and reduce swelling. […] You should always see a healthcare provider if you have a black eye due to trauma to your eye area. Your provider will check for further damage beyond bruising and make sure you get the necessary treatment. […] Its especially important to see a provider right away if you have additional symptoms like: […] A black eye usually heals within several weeks. But the total healing time can be longer if you have other injuries besides the bruises around your eye. […] Yes. Its possible to develop black eyes one to two days after a skull fracture. You might not even realize the trauma to your head caused a fracture. So, the black eyes are the first sign of something more serious. See a healthcare provider immediately. […] Its also important to see a provider if you develop bruising around your eyes with no known cause. This can be a sign of a serious medical condition that needs treatment.

• #47 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A headache may also be present because the usual cause of a black eye is some sort of head injury. […] Signs of a more serious injury are: Double vision, Loss of sight, Loss of consciousness, Inability to move the eye, Blood or clear fluid from the nose or the ears, Blood on the surface of the eye itself, A persistent headache. […] For most black eyes, a basic physical examination is all that is required. The doctor asks about the facts in regard to the injury and looks for associated injuries or symptoms. […] Depending on what is found, the doctor may perform additional testing. […] If the doctor suspects the patient may have a fracture to the bones of the face or around the eye (the orbit), an X-ray or a CT scan may be ordered. This may also be done if the doctor suspects that something is inside the eye.

• #48 Black eye: Causes, effects, treatment, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249231

  A black eye is when there is bluish-dark bruising under the skin around the eye. This happens when capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, burst and leak blood under the skin. […] A black eye itself is not dangerous, and the discoloration is usually due to bruising around the eye. However, if a black eye and other symptoms occur as a result of physical trauma to the eye, then emergency treatment may be necessary. […] Bruising around both eyes, known as raccoon eyes or raccoon sign, may indicate a skull fracture or other type of head injury. This requires urgent medical attention. […] Medical treatments may be necessary if a black eye does not heal on its own, or if it occurs alongside other symptoms. […] The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, if they suspect a bone fracture.

• #49 Black Eye Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/black-eye

  Healthcare providers diagnose a black eye by examining your eye area. They look for the bruising and swelling typical of a black eye. […] If an injury caused your black eye, you can treat it by using cold compresses. These help stop bleeding under your skin and reduce swelling. […] You should always see a healthcare provider if you have a black eye due to trauma to your eye area. Your provider will check for further damage beyond bruising and make sure you get the necessary treatment. […] Its especially important to see a provider right away if you have additional symptoms like: […] A black eye usually heals within several weeks. But the total healing time can be longer if you have other injuries besides the bruises around your eye. […] Yes. Its possible to develop black eyes one to two days after a skull fracture. You might not even realize the trauma to your head caused a fracture. So, the black eyes are the first sign of something more serious. See a healthcare provider immediately. […] Its also important to see a provider if you develop bruising around your eyes with no known cause. This can be a sign of a serious medical condition that needs treatment.

• #50  A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Treating Black Eyes

  https://www.aec2020.org/blog/a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-and-treating-black-eyes.html

  Black eye, also known as a periorbital hematoma, refers to bruising, discoloration, and swelling around the eye area. This condition is common and results from damaged blood vessels near the eye. […] Black eyes happen when something hits the eye area. This can break tiny blood vessels next to the skin around the eyes. When these vessels break, blood leaks under the skin, leading to swelling and bruising. […] Breaking bones near the eye, like the nose bone or eye socket, can also cause black eyes. […] Forceful sneezing, coughing, or vomiting can also put pressure on eye blood vessels and lead to a black eye. […] Doctors also want to know if it hurts to move the eye, as this may mean damage to muscles or nerves. […] While most black eyes improve with simple home care, prompt medical attention is necessary if the patient experiences: Sudden vision loss or severe eye pain signaling potential eye damage or glaucoma. […] Inability to move the eye due to injury of eye muscles or orbital bones. […] To prevent black eyes, wear helmets, goggles, or face shields when needed to protect the eyes.

• #51 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A headache may also be present because the usual cause of a black eye is some sort of head injury. […] Signs of a more serious injury are: Double vision, Loss of sight, Loss of consciousness, Inability to move the eye, Blood or clear fluid from the nose or the ears, Blood on the surface of the eye itself, A persistent headache. […] For most black eyes, a basic physical examination is all that is required. The doctor asks about the facts in regard to the injury and looks for associated injuries or symptoms. […] Depending on what is found, the doctor may perform additional testing. […] If the doctor suspects the patient may have a fracture to the bones of the face or around the eye (the orbit), an X-ray or a CT scan may be ordered. This may also be done if the doctor suspects that something is inside the eye.

• #52 Black eye: Causes, effects, treatment, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249231

  A black eye is when there is bluish-dark bruising under the skin around the eye. This happens when capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, burst and leak blood under the skin. […] A black eye itself is not dangerous, and the discoloration is usually due to bruising around the eye. However, if a black eye and other symptoms occur as a result of physical trauma to the eye, then emergency treatment may be necessary. […] Bruising around both eyes, known as raccoon eyes or raccoon sign, may indicate a skull fracture or other type of head injury. This requires urgent medical attention. […] Medical treatments may be necessary if a black eye does not heal on its own, or if it occurs alongside other symptoms. […] The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, if they suspect a bone fracture.

• #53 Black Eye: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-eye

  A black eye is usually the result of trauma to the face, which causes bleeding beneath the skin. […] A black eye is the appearance of bruising around the eyes. When the small blood vessels, or capillaries, beneath the skin break due to trauma, blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This is what causes the discoloration or bruising. […] Black eyes can appear after some surgical procedures, such as nose surgery or a facelift. A black eye may occur when blood, originating in the forehead or nose, settles by gravity under the eye. Raccoon eyes refers to blood that settles under the eyes and is associated with a fracture in the base of the skull. […] If a skull fracture is suspected, your doctor will order a CT scan and X-ray of your face and head. […] Conditions that are likely associated with a black eye include: broken nose, concussion, dengue fever, hemophilia, epidural hematoma, eye emergencies, head injury, factor II deficiency, factor V deficiency, factor VII deficiency, factor X deficiency, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture, subdural hematoma, von Willebrand disease.

• #54 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  Dr. Editor, […] Raccoon eyes is a clinical sign characterised by the presence of uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that manifests 23 days after head trauma, which is associated with basilar skull fracture. […] In contrast to this sign, the periorbital haematoma colloquially known as black eye would be described as the uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that frequently manifests in the first 24h after a facial trauma, which may affect the whole eyelid, and is not associated with basilar skull fracture. […] A cranial CT scan showed haemorrhagic contusions in the bilateral frontal basal region, with an associated small subarachnoid haemorrhagic component, and medial frontal fracture, with no pneumocephalus or paranasal sinus occupation. […] A series of clinical signs may lead physicians to suspect basilar skull fractures, such as CSF rhinorrhoea, CSF otorrhoea, retroauricular ecchymosis (also known as Battle sign, which is particularly associated with fracture of the temporal bone), haemotympanum, and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon sign), the finding observed in our patient.

• #55 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  When there is an injury to the face, the skin around the eye is one of the first places to swell. Depending on the location and type of injury, one or both eyes may be affected. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, forehead, or nose. Depending on where the blow lands, one or both eyes may be affected. […] Other causes of swelling around the eye include allergic reactions, insect bites, cellulitis (skin infection around the eye), angioedema (a hereditary condition causing swelling, usually around both eyes), and dental infections. However, these conditions do not make the skin turn black and blue around the eye. […] Pain, swelling, and bruising are the most common signs and symptoms of a black eye. […] Although some blurry vision or difficulty opening the eye may occur because of the swelling, more serious visual problems are less common.

• #56 Black Eye (periorbital haematoma): Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factor and Treatment

  https://www.oscarwylee.com.au/glasses/eye/black?srsltid=AfmBOoqOIag7fA3fanGj4mVsK_bwmmxQGFPBIxDuz-zfKGAMyYL0VgwE

  A skull fracture may cause a black eye if it occurs near the eyes. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, a skull fracture may also cause a black eye if blood from nearby fractures leaks into the tissue near the eyes. […] Allergies or sinus infections may lead to a black eye as the pressure these conditions cause around the eye area can result in swelling and dark discolouration around the eyes. […] The symptoms of a black eye include pain around the eye, swelling around the eye, discolouration, and a headache. […] Discolouration is the most common symptom of a black eye and refers to the blue or black bruising around the eye, giving the condition its colloquial name. […] A black eye can indicate a more serious underlying condition. If a black eye has been caused by an injury or trauma to the eye or area around the eye, a black eye, in conjunction with other symptoms such as bleeding in the eye, eye pain, persistent headaches, light sensitivity, vision changes or a loss of consciousness when receiving the black eye, can indicate a more serious medical condition.

• #57 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  When there is an injury to the face, the skin around the eye is one of the first places to swell. Depending on the location and type of injury, one or both eyes may be affected. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, forehead, or nose. Depending on where the blow lands, one or both eyes may be affected. […] Other causes of swelling around the eye include allergic reactions, insect bites, cellulitis (skin infection around the eye), angioedema (a hereditary condition causing swelling, usually around both eyes), and dental infections. However, these conditions do not make the skin turn black and blue around the eye. […] Pain, swelling, and bruising are the most common signs and symptoms of a black eye. […] Although some blurry vision or difficulty opening the eye may occur because of the swelling, more serious visual problems are less common.

• #58 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  Dr. Editor, […] Raccoon eyes is a clinical sign characterised by the presence of uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that manifests 23 days after head trauma, which is associated with basilar skull fracture. […] In contrast to this sign, the periorbital haematoma colloquially known as black eye would be described as the uni- or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis that frequently manifests in the first 24h after a facial trauma, which may affect the whole eyelid, and is not associated with basilar skull fracture. […] A cranial CT scan showed haemorrhagic contusions in the bilateral frontal basal region, with an associated small subarachnoid haemorrhagic component, and medial frontal fracture, with no pneumocephalus or paranasal sinus occupation. […] A series of clinical signs may lead physicians to suspect basilar skull fractures, such as CSF rhinorrhoea, CSF otorrhoea, retroauricular ecchymosis (also known as Battle sign, which is particularly associated with fracture of the temporal bone), haemotympanum, and periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon sign), the finding observed in our patient.

• #59 Raccoon sign | Neurology perspectives

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurology-perspectives-17-avance-resumen-raccoon-sign-S2667049624000085

  In these cases, examination is essential for diagnosis and, consequently, for appropriate management, as specific treatment may be needed for some diseases associated with basilar skull fractures, such as CSF fistula, carotid-cavernous fistula, brain abscesses, or meningitis. […] The term raccoon sign should be limited to cases of periorbital ecchymosis, sparing the palpebral tarsus, due to fractures to the base of the skull. […] In conclusion, the raccoon sign is easy to identify in the physical examination. Its presence after head trauma is strongly associated with a fracture at the skull base. The presence of palpebral ecchymosis in the absence of a previous head trauma may serve as a warning sign for other possible diagnoses.

• #60 Black Eye Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/black-eye.html

  A black eye, sometimes called a „shiner,” is a bruise around the eye. When an object strikes the eye, the force of the impact breaks delicate blood vessels in the eyelids and surrounding tissues. Blood collects under the skin, and causes black or blue discoloration in the eyelids and around the eye socket. […] Most black eyes are superficial injuries that don’t cause any permanent damage to the eye or to the tissues around it. When vision changes after a blow to the eye, it is a warning sign that the injury may be more than a simple bruise. The force of the blow may have fractured the delicate bones that form the eye socket, or the structure of the eye itself may be damaged. […] Most black eyes are no more dangerous than a simple bruise on your arm or leg. There are times, however, when a black eye can be a sign of a more serious problem, such as a fracture of the eye socket or an injury to the inside of the eye.

• #61 Things to know about black eye – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/things-to-know-about-black-eye/

  A black eye often results from injury to the face or the head and is caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, nose, or forehead. […] Complications include traumatic iritis and uveitis, hyphema, glaucoma, orbital floor fracture (blowout fracture), and retinal detachment. […] Despite the name, black eye, the eye itself is not usually injured. […] The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself, like a bruise around the eye. […] Traumatic uveitis and iritis result from blunt trauma to the eye. A black eye may be the first sign of this condition. […] Glaucoma may also result from blunt trauma to the eye, and can occur immediately or years later.

• #62 Things to know about black eye – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/things-to-know-about-black-eye/

  A black eye often results from injury to the face or the head and is caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, nose, or forehead. […] Complications include traumatic iritis and uveitis, hyphema, glaucoma, orbital floor fracture (blowout fracture), and retinal detachment. […] Despite the name, black eye, the eye itself is not usually injured. […] The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself, like a bruise around the eye. […] Traumatic uveitis and iritis result from blunt trauma to the eye. A black eye may be the first sign of this condition. […] Glaucoma may also result from blunt trauma to the eye, and can occur immediately or years later.

• #63 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A black eye is a relatively common result of injury to the face or the head, caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye; swelling and dark discoloration result-hence, the name „black eye.” […] Most black eyes are relatively minor injuries. Many heal in a few days, however, sometimes they signify a more serious injury. […] Despite the name, „black eye,” the eye itself is not usually injured. The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself. Think of it as a bruise around the eye. […] Like a bruise, as a black eye heals, the swelling around the eye decreases, and the bruise gradually fades. […] The skin around the eye is very loose, with mostly fat underneath, making it an ideal site for fluid to accumulate. The effects of gravity also help to swell this part of the face. This is why many people wake up with puffy eyes in the morning.

• #64 Black eye – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Black_eye

  The dramatic appearance (discoloration and swelling) does not necessarily indicate a serious injury. The fatty tissue along with the lack of muscle around the eye socket allows a potential space for blood accumulation with relatively minor injury. As this blood is reabsorbed, various pigments are released similar to a bruise, lending itself to the extreme outward appearance. […] Unless there is actual trauma to the eye itself, medical attention is generally not needed.

• #65 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  When there is an injury to the face, the skin around the eye is one of the first places to swell. Depending on the location and type of injury, one or both eyes may be affected. […] The most common cause of a black eye is a blow to the eye, forehead, or nose. Depending on where the blow lands, one or both eyes may be affected. […] Other causes of swelling around the eye include allergic reactions, insect bites, cellulitis (skin infection around the eye), angioedema (a hereditary condition causing swelling, usually around both eyes), and dental infections. However, these conditions do not make the skin turn black and blue around the eye. […] Pain, swelling, and bruising are the most common signs and symptoms of a black eye. […] Although some blurry vision or difficulty opening the eye may occur because of the swelling, more serious visual problems are less common.

• #66 Black eye (periorbital haematoma) – treatment and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/black-eye

  Black eyes normally get better by themselves. However, there are things you can do to help it heal. […] There is some evidence that hirudoid cream can help a black eye when applied 3 times a day, for 5 days. […] Depending on the cause of your black eye, you may get complications such as: reduced vision, bleeding inside your eye.

• #67 Black eye: Causes, effects, treatment, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249231

  A black eye will normally heal without medical intervention. However, it can sometimes be a sign of something more serious, such as a skull fracture or hematoma affecting important structures such as the eyes. […] A person should contact a doctor if the brushing does not heal or if they experience any other symptoms that may indicate a more serious condition. […] A black eye typically heals without medical treatment within around 2-3 weeks. If it lasts longer than this, it may be a sign of an underlying condition. […] However, if the black eye does not heal, or if a person experiences other symptoms, it can indicate a more serious condition.

• #68 Black Eye (periorbital haematoma): Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factor and Treatment

  https://www.oscarwylee.com.au/glasses/eye/black?srsltid=AfmBOoqOIag7fA3fanGj4mVsK_bwmmxQGFPBIxDuz-zfKGAMyYL0VgwE

  A black eye may lead to complications or long-term eyesight issues, depending on the cause of the black eye. A black eye that is the result of an injury or trauma to the area around the eye, may lead to complications if the eye has been damaged or the injury is severe. […] The healing time for a black eye is dependent upon what has caused the black eye and how severe the black eye is. Generally, it will take 2 weeks for the black eye bruising or discolouration to fade, as the blood is reabsorbed into the body.

• #69 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  A black eye is a relatively common result of injury to the face or the head, caused when blood and other fluids collect in the space around the eye; swelling and dark discoloration result-hence, the name „black eye.” […] Most black eyes are relatively minor injuries. Many heal in a few days, however, sometimes they signify a more serious injury. […] Despite the name, „black eye,” the eye itself is not usually injured. The tissues around the eye may be significantly discolored and swollen without any injury to the eye itself. Think of it as a bruise around the eye. […] Like a bruise, as a black eye heals, the swelling around the eye decreases, and the bruise gradually fades. […] The skin around the eye is very loose, with mostly fat underneath, making it an ideal site for fluid to accumulate. The effects of gravity also help to swell this part of the face. This is why many people wake up with puffy eyes in the morning.

• #70 Black Eye (periorbital haematoma): Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factor and Treatment

  https://www.oscarwylee.com.au/glasses/eye/black?srsltid=AfmBOoqOIag7fA3fanGj4mVsK_bwmmxQGFPBIxDuz-zfKGAMyYL0VgwE

  A black eye may lead to complications or long-term eyesight issues, depending on the cause of the black eye. A black eye that is the result of an injury or trauma to the area around the eye, may lead to complications if the eye has been damaged or the injury is severe. […] The healing time for a black eye is dependent upon what has caused the black eye and how severe the black eye is. Generally, it will take 2 weeks for the black eye bruising or discolouration to fade, as the blood is reabsorbed into the body.

• #71 Black eye: Treatment, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, Side Effects And More

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/black-eye

  A black eye is the result of trauma to the face or head, which causes the delicate blood vessels under the skin to rupture and bleed. This can lead to the formation of a bruise, which typically progresses through several stages as the body heals itself. […] The prognosis for individuals with a black eye is generally good, as most cases of black eye resolve on their own within a few days to a week. In some cases, the black eye may persist for a longer period of time, depending on several factors such as; the underlying cause of the injury, the individual’s overall health, and the treatments used to manage the condition.

• #72 How to Treat a Black Eye: Causes, Stages, Symptoms & Healing Times

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/black_eye/article_em.htm

  Most cases of a black eye can be cared for at home with over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication, ice, and rest. Seek medical care if the eye becomes infected or does not heal within two weeks. […] Rest and ice applied early after the injury helps decrease swelling and pain. […] Ice helps decrease swelling by constricting blood vessels, by decreasing fluid accumulation, and by cooling and numbing the area. […] For more complicated injuries, the patient may be referred to an appropriate specialist: A neurosurgeon for injuries to the skull or the brain, An ophthalmologist for injuries to the eye itself, An otorhinolaryngologist [ear, nose, and throat (ENT)] for fractures to the face, An oral/maxillofacial surgeon for fractures to the face, A plastic surgeon to repair serious cuts to the face. […] For more complicated eye injuries, the prognosis depends on the severity and complexity of the injury. Discuss these injuries with the specialist who treats the patient.

• #73 Black Eye: 5 Common Causes & What to Do – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/black-eye/

  A black eye can be caused by a self-inflicted injury with a finger or fingernail, or it can be caused by dust irritation. A black eye can also be the result of direct trauma, a burn or direct contact with chemicals, like cleaning products. […] Due to the risk for infection and even vision loss, a black eye and eye injuries should be assessed by a doctor or ophthalmologist as soon as possible. […] If left untreated, a black eye can lead to: Permanent vision loss, Infections, Cornea ulcers. […] To reduce the risk associated with a black eye, it is important to see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible, especially in cases of wounds, foreign bodies and burns.

• #74 Black Eye: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.carehospitals.com/symptoms/black-eye

  A black eye, or periorbital haematoma, is a common injury that affects the area surrounding the eye. It occurs when the small blood vessels in the skin around the eye break. […] A black eye typically occurs when something strikes a person in the face. This could be a ball, a fist, a door, or an object. Common causes of black eyes include: […] Certain health conditions like amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and some cancers can also cause black eyes. […] While a black eye is often a minor injury that heals on its own, it can sometimes be a symptom of serious underlying issues. […] If left untreated, a black eye can lead to blindness in extreme cases. […] These may include brain bleeding or infection, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. […] If the doctor suspects a more serious injury or the presence of a foreign object in your eye, they might recommend further tests such as: […] Doctors may provide suitable treatment options if an underlying situation causes a black eye.

• #75 Black Eye: 5 Common Causes & What to Do – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/black-eye/

  A black eye can be caused by a self-inflicted injury with a finger or fingernail, or it can be caused by dust irritation. A black eye can also be the result of direct trauma, a burn or direct contact with chemicals, like cleaning products. […] Due to the risk for infection and even vision loss, a black eye and eye injuries should be assessed by a doctor or ophthalmologist as soon as possible. […] If left untreated, a black eye can lead to: Permanent vision loss, Infections, Cornea ulcers. […] To reduce the risk associated with a black eye, it is important to see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible, especially in cases of wounds, foreign bodies and burns.

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