Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5969816/

  Dyspareunia and vulvodynia are genital pain disorders that have devastating effects on women’s quality of life. […] This review aims to provide an overview of clinical evaluation methods and to summarize treatment options for women suffering from dyspareunia and vulvodynia. […] The medical term for painful intercourse is dyspareunia. […] Painful intercourse is sometimes further characterized as vulvodynia. […] Dyspareunia and vulvodynia are often used interchangeably; however, it is important to appreciate that the terms have different meanings. […] Current treatment recommendations for sexual pain, dyspareunia, and vulvodynia vary. […] Both dyspareunia and vulvodynia treatment plans, if appropriate, should start with conservative medical non-invasive approaches. […] The first step in the treatment process is acknowledging and validating that the patient has pain.

• #2 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #3 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to treat vulvodynia, and combining multiple therapies is often required. […] Treatment of underlying disorders and vaginal lubricants are the mainstays of therapy. […] Lubricants are the typical first-line treatment. […] The most effective treatment is estrogen replacement.

• #4 Dyspareunia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/dyspareunia

  Dyspareunia is pain during or after sexual intercourse. It can affect men but is more common in women. This article concerns female dyspareunia. […] Treatment should be directed at the underlying cause, where possible. Specialist input is likely to be required, often in the form of a multidisciplinary team. […] A multidisciplinary approach, which includes psychosexual medicine, physiotherapy, CBT, clinical psychology and pain management teams, may be required. […] Modification of sexual technique and altering position may help to reduce pain with intercourse. Increasing the amount of foreplay and delaying penetration until maximal arousal will increase vaginal lubrication and decrease pain with insertion. […] Vaginal infection may need treatment. […] Hormonal manipulation may benefit endometriosis.

• #5 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to treat vulvodynia, and combining multiple therapies is often required. […] Treatment of underlying disorders and vaginal lubricants are the mainstays of therapy. […] Lubricants are the typical first-line treatment. […] The most effective treatment is estrogen replacement.

• #6 Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5969816/

  Medical therapies for dyspareunia and vulvodynia include topical anesthetics, oral tricyclic antidepressants, oral or topical hormonal treatments, oral anti-inflammatory agents, Botox and trigger point injections, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other types of brain-based therapies, or surgery. […] Injection of botulinum toxin A into the pelvic floor muscles has been shown in some studies to decrease dyspareunia and vulvodynia caused by pelvic floor myalgia and contracture. […] Pelvic floor physical therapy is an important adjunct to most treatments for dyspareunia and vulvodynia. […] Surgical treatment is performed as a last resort when all conservative and medical management options have failed or when surgery is indicated to determine and/or treat pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, or pelvic organ prolapse.

• #7 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  Dyspareunia is genital pain during or after sexual intercourse. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause of the pain. […] Your healthcare provider may refer you to a gynecologist or a provider who specializes in sexual health. They can determine appropriate treatment based on your symptoms and the underlying condition causing you pain. […] There are many approaches your healthcare provider can use to treat your symptoms, but it depends on the cause. For example, if pelvic floor dysfunction is causing the pain, physical therapy may be the first treatment your provider suggests. […] Some treatments for sexual pain require prescription medication. If vaginal dryness due to low estrogen is the cause of your painful sex, topical estrogens can be applied to your vagina. […] Applying a water- or silicone-based lubricant to your vagina, vulva and labia is helpful when dryness is the main cause.

• #8 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dyspareunia

  Dyspareunia treatments are based on the cause of the condition. If your pain is caused by an underlying infection or condition, your doctor may treat it with: antibiotics, antifungal medicines, topical or injectable corticosteroids. […] If a long-term medication is causing vaginal dryness, your physician may change your prescription. Trying alternative medications may restore natural lubrication and reduce pain. […] Low estrogen levels cause dyspareunia in some women. A prescription tablet, cream, or flexible ring can deliver a small, regular dose of estrogen to the vagina. […] An estrogen-free drug called ospemifene (Osphena) acts like estrogen on vaginal tissues. Its effective in making the tissues thicker and less fragile. This can reduce the amount of pain women experience with sexual intercourse.

• #9 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #10 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #11 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Painful intercourse can happen for reasons that range from structural problems to psychological concerns. […] Treatments focus on the cause and can help stop or ease this common problem. […] If you have recurrent pain during sex, talk with your healthcare professional. Treating the problem can help your sex life, your emotional intimacy and your self-image. […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the pain. […] If an infection or medical condition contributes to your pain, treating the cause might resolve your problem. […] For many postmenopausal women, painful intercourse is caused by too little lubrication resulting from low estrogen levels. Often, low estrogen levels can be treated with topical estrogen applied directly to the vagina. […] The Food and Drug Administration approved the medicine ospemifene (Osphena) to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia in women who have problems with vaginal lubrication.

• #12 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375973

  A medical evaluation for dyspareunia usually consists of: […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the pain. […] If an infection or medical condition contributes to your pain, treating the cause might resolve your problem. Changing medicines that can cause lubrication problems also might eliminate your symptoms. […] For many postmenopausal women, painful intercourse is caused by too little lubrication resulting from low estrogen levels. Often, low estrogen levels can be treated with topical estrogen applied directly to the vagina. […] The Food and Drug Administration approved the medicine ospemifene (Osphena) to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia in women who have problems with vaginal lubrication. Ospemifene acts like estrogen in the vaginal lining. […] Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily.

• #13 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Painful intercourse can happen for reasons that range from structural problems to psychological concerns. […] Treatments focus on the cause and can help stop or ease this common problem. […] If you have recurrent pain during sex, talk with your healthcare professional. Treating the problem can help your sex life, your emotional intimacy and your self-image. […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the pain. […] If an infection or medical condition contributes to your pain, treating the cause might resolve your problem. […] For many postmenopausal women, painful intercourse is caused by too little lubrication resulting from low estrogen levels. Often, low estrogen levels can be treated with topical estrogen applied directly to the vagina. […] The Food and Drug Administration approved the medicine ospemifene (Osphena) to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia in women who have problems with vaginal lubrication.

• #14 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375973

  A medical evaluation for dyspareunia usually consists of: […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the pain. […] If an infection or medical condition contributes to your pain, treating the cause might resolve your problem. Changing medicines that can cause lubrication problems also might eliminate your symptoms. […] For many postmenopausal women, painful intercourse is caused by too little lubrication resulting from low estrogen levels. Often, low estrogen levels can be treated with topical estrogen applied directly to the vagina. […] The Food and Drug Administration approved the medicine ospemifene (Osphena) to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia in women who have problems with vaginal lubrication. Ospemifene acts like estrogen in the vaginal lining. […] Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily.

• #15 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily. […] Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: Desensitization therapy. For this therapy, you learn vaginal relaxation exercises that can ease pain. […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Talking to a counselor or sex therapist may help resolve these issues. […] To help with pain during sex, you and your partner could try to: Change positions. If you have sharp pain during thrusting, try different positions, such as being on top. […] Use lubricants. A personal lubricant can make sex more comfortable. Try different brands until you find one you like. […] Until vaginal penetration becomes less painful, you and your partner might find other ways to be intimate. Sensual massage, kissing and mutual masturbation offer alternatives to intercourse that might be more comfortable, more fulfilling and more fun than your regular routine.

• #16 Vaginismus: Dyspareunia, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15723-vaginismus

  Vaginismus can make intercourse painful (dyspareunia). Kegels, vaginal dilators and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relax muscles and stop spasms. […] Painful intercourse. […] Vaginismus treatments focus on reducing the reflex of your muscles that causes them to tense up. Treatments also address anxieties or fears that contribute to vaginismus. […] Topical therapy: Topical lidocaine or compounded creams may help with the pain associated with this condition. […] Vaginal dilator therapy: Vaginal dilators are tube-shaped devices that come in various sizes. Their primary purpose is to stretch the vagina. People with vaginismus use dilators to become more comfortable with, and less sensitive to, vaginal penetration. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps you understand how your thoughts affect your emotions and behaviors. Its an effective treatment for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Painful intercourse. […] Many problems, including vaginismus, can cause painful intercourse. Almost all of these problems are treatable. A lot of people see significant improvements in their sex lives and their mental health after vaginismus treatments.

• #17 Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5969816/

  Medical therapies for dyspareunia and vulvodynia include topical anesthetics, oral tricyclic antidepressants, oral or topical hormonal treatments, oral anti-inflammatory agents, Botox and trigger point injections, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other types of brain-based therapies, or surgery. […] Injection of botulinum toxin A into the pelvic floor muscles has been shown in some studies to decrease dyspareunia and vulvodynia caused by pelvic floor myalgia and contracture. […] Pelvic floor physical therapy is an important adjunct to most treatments for dyspareunia and vulvodynia. […] Surgical treatment is performed as a last resort when all conservative and medical management options have failed or when surgery is indicated to determine and/or treat pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, or pelvic organ prolapse.

• #18 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #19

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/women/urology/dyspareunia-treatment-home-remedies

  Dyspareunia in postmenopausal women usually occurs because of vaginal dryness due to fluctuating hormones. It is effectively treated with a cream or drug which releases small doses of oestrogen directly into the vagina, says Dr Yong. […] If you suffer from dyspareunia, you can take simple steps at home. […] Changes to your normal sexual routine such as shifting positions can also reduce dyspareunia symptoms, says Dr Yong. Longer foreplay gives more time for stimulation and encourages natural vaginal lubrication.

• #20 Pain During Sex: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/pain-during-intercourse-treatment

  Medical Treatment for Painful Vaginal Intercourse […] Treatment of pain during intercourse depends on the cause and when and where you feel pain. Dyspareunia treatment for deep thrust pain includes two strategies: […] Other treatments for painful sex include the following: […] Lubricants […] Treatment of inadequate lubrication depends on the cause. Treatment options include water-soluble lubricants (for use with condoms; other types of lubricants may damage condoms) or other substances such as vegetable oils. If arousal does not take place, more extensive foreplay might be needed before sex. […] Hormone replacement therapy […] Entrance pain caused by atrophy is common among postmenopausal women who do not take hormone replacement medication. Blood flow, lubrication, and tissue thickness and elasticity respond directly to hormone replacement. The fastest relief of atrophy comes from applying topical estrogen vaginal cream directly to the vagina and its opening. This cream is available by prescription only. Over-the-counter lubricants and moisturizers can also be helpful. An oral drug taken once a day, ospemifene (Osphena), makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile, resulting in less pain for women during sex. The FDA warns that Osphena can thicken the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) and raise the risk of stroke and blood clots. […]

• #21 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to treat vulvodynia, and combining multiple therapies is often required. […] Treatment of underlying disorders and vaginal lubricants are the mainstays of therapy. […] Lubricants are the typical first-line treatment. […] The most effective treatment is estrogen replacement.

• #22 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Dyspareunia is a persistent or recurrent pain that can happen during sexual intercourse. […] Treatment normally focuses on the underlying cause. […] Solutions include estrogen therapy, changing existing medications, and counseling. […] Treatment aims to relieve the underlying cause of the condition. Options include medication and counseling. […] If sexual abuse, trauma, or other emotional issues are the root cause of the dyspareunia, counseling may help. […] Medication can treat pain due to an infection or medical condition. […] Topical estrogen may help women who experience vaginal dryness due to low estrogen levels. […] Learning some techniques can help relax the vaginal muscles and decrease pain levels. […] Pain experienced during intercourse can be reduced by using water-based personal lubricants, engaging in longer foreplay to encourage secretion of the body’s natural lubricants, enhanced communication between sexual partners, and choosing comfortable sexual positions to minimize deep pain. […] Some women with vaginismus may find Kegel exercises useful to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

• #23 You Don’t Have to Live with Painful Sex: Understanding Your Treatment Options for Dyspareunia: Shamsah Amersi, MD: OB-GYNs

  https://www.dramersi.com/blog/you-dont-have-to-live-with-painful-sex-understanding-your-treatment-options-for-dyspareunia

  Sometimes, dyspareunia is related to a stiff or inflexible vagina or from vaginal atrophy during menopause. […] Dilation involves inserting a special silicone or plastic device into your vagina to improve the strength and flexibility of your vaginal walls and your pelvic floor muscles. […] Your hormones play a big role in keeping your vagina healthy, flexible, and lubricated. […] Hormone replacement therapy uses bioidentical hormones to supplement the hormones your body produces. […] Many women use lubricants to enhance sexual pleasure regardless of whether or not they suffer from dyspareunia. […] While lubricants can be used alone, data show they are especially effective when combined with topical estrogen therapy. […] MonaLisa Touch is a special laser system thats designed expressly for treating vaginal atrophy, a chronic condition leading to vaginal dryness and irritation, thinning of the vaginal tissue, and painful sex. […] Dyspareunia can have different causes, and many women benefit from a treatment plan involving more than one type of therapy.

• #24 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily. […] Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: Desensitization therapy. For this therapy, you learn vaginal relaxation exercises that can ease pain. […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Talking to a counselor or sex therapist may help resolve these issues. […] To help with pain during sex, you and your partner could try to: Change positions. If you have sharp pain during thrusting, try different positions, such as being on top. […] Use lubricants. A personal lubricant can make sex more comfortable. Try different brands until you find one you like. […] Until vaginal penetration becomes less painful, you and your partner might find other ways to be intimate. Sensual massage, kissing and mutual masturbation offer alternatives to intercourse that might be more comfortable, more fulfilling and more fun than your regular routine.

• #25 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Dyspareunia is a persistent or recurrent pain that can happen during sexual intercourse. […] Treatment normally focuses on the underlying cause. […] Solutions include estrogen therapy, changing existing medications, and counseling. […] Treatment aims to relieve the underlying cause of the condition. Options include medication and counseling. […] If sexual abuse, trauma, or other emotional issues are the root cause of the dyspareunia, counseling may help. […] Medication can treat pain due to an infection or medical condition. […] Topical estrogen may help women who experience vaginal dryness due to low estrogen levels. […] Learning some techniques can help relax the vaginal muscles and decrease pain levels. […] Pain experienced during intercourse can be reduced by using water-based personal lubricants, engaging in longer foreplay to encourage secretion of the body’s natural lubricants, enhanced communication between sexual partners, and choosing comfortable sexual positions to minimize deep pain. […] Some women with vaginismus may find Kegel exercises useful to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

• #26

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/women/urology/dyspareunia-treatment-home-remedies

  Dyspareunia in postmenopausal women usually occurs because of vaginal dryness due to fluctuating hormones. It is effectively treated with a cream or drug which releases small doses of oestrogen directly into the vagina, says Dr Yong. […] If you suffer from dyspareunia, you can take simple steps at home. […] Changes to your normal sexual routine such as shifting positions can also reduce dyspareunia symptoms, says Dr Yong. Longer foreplay gives more time for stimulation and encourages natural vaginal lubrication.

• #27 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Dyspareunia is a persistent or recurrent pain that can happen during sexual intercourse. […] Treatment normally focuses on the underlying cause. […] Solutions include estrogen therapy, changing existing medications, and counseling. […] Treatment aims to relieve the underlying cause of the condition. Options include medication and counseling. […] If sexual abuse, trauma, or other emotional issues are the root cause of the dyspareunia, counseling may help. […] Medication can treat pain due to an infection or medical condition. […] Topical estrogen may help women who experience vaginal dryness due to low estrogen levels. […] Learning some techniques can help relax the vaginal muscles and decrease pain levels. […] Pain experienced during intercourse can be reduced by using water-based personal lubricants, engaging in longer foreplay to encourage secretion of the body’s natural lubricants, enhanced communication between sexual partners, and choosing comfortable sexual positions to minimize deep pain. […] Some women with vaginismus may find Kegel exercises useful to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

• #28 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Dyspareunia is a persistent or recurrent pain that can happen during sexual intercourse. […] Treatment normally focuses on the underlying cause. […] Solutions include estrogen therapy, changing existing medications, and counseling. […] Treatment aims to relieve the underlying cause of the condition. Options include medication and counseling. […] If sexual abuse, trauma, or other emotional issues are the root cause of the dyspareunia, counseling may help. […] Medication can treat pain due to an infection or medical condition. […] Topical estrogen may help women who experience vaginal dryness due to low estrogen levels. […] Learning some techniques can help relax the vaginal muscles and decrease pain levels. […] Pain experienced during intercourse can be reduced by using water-based personal lubricants, engaging in longer foreplay to encourage secretion of the body’s natural lubricants, enhanced communication between sexual partners, and choosing comfortable sexual positions to minimize deep pain. […] Some women with vaginismus may find Kegel exercises useful to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

• #29 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily. […] Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: Desensitization therapy. For this therapy, you learn vaginal relaxation exercises that can ease pain. […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Talking to a counselor or sex therapist may help resolve these issues. […] To help with pain during sex, you and your partner could try to: Change positions. If you have sharp pain during thrusting, try different positions, such as being on top. […] Use lubricants. A personal lubricant can make sex more comfortable. Try different brands until you find one you like. […] Until vaginal penetration becomes less painful, you and your partner might find other ways to be intimate. Sensual massage, kissing and mutual masturbation offer alternatives to intercourse that might be more comfortable, more fulfilling and more fun than your regular routine.

• #30 Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5969816/

  Medical therapies for dyspareunia and vulvodynia include topical anesthetics, oral tricyclic antidepressants, oral or topical hormonal treatments, oral anti-inflammatory agents, Botox and trigger point injections, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other types of brain-based therapies, or surgery. […] Injection of botulinum toxin A into the pelvic floor muscles has been shown in some studies to decrease dyspareunia and vulvodynia caused by pelvic floor myalgia and contracture. […] Pelvic floor physical therapy is an important adjunct to most treatments for dyspareunia and vulvodynia. […] Surgical treatment is performed as a last resort when all conservative and medical management options have failed or when surgery is indicated to determine and/or treat pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, or pelvic organ prolapse.

• #31 The Efficacy of Manual Therapy for Treatment of Dyspareunia in Females: A Systematic Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8204933/

  Pelvic floor physical therapy is a noninvasive option for relieving pain associated with dyspareunia, genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. […] To examine the efficacy of manual therapy in reducing pelvic pain among females with dyspareunia. […] All studies showed significant improvements in the pain domain of the Female Sexual Function Index (P .5), corroborating manual therapy as a viable treatment in relieving pain associated with dyspareunia. […] Although these findings support the use of manual therapy for alleviating pain with intercourse, few studies exist to authenticate this claim. […] The principal finding of this review is a potential reduction in pelvic pain associated with sexual intercourse and a subsequent overall increase in sexual function among females after receiving manual therapy treatment.

• #32 The Efficacy of Manual Therapy for Treatment of Dyspareunia in Females: A Systematic Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8204933/

  Pelvic floor physical therapy is a noninvasive option for relieving pain associated with dyspareunia, genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. […] To examine the efficacy of manual therapy in reducing pelvic pain among females with dyspareunia. […] All studies showed significant improvements in the pain domain of the Female Sexual Function Index (P .5), corroborating manual therapy as a viable treatment in relieving pain associated with dyspareunia. […] Although these findings support the use of manual therapy for alleviating pain with intercourse, few studies exist to authenticate this claim. […] The principal finding of this review is a potential reduction in pelvic pain associated with sexual intercourse and a subsequent overall increase in sexual function among females after receiving manual therapy treatment.

• #33 Dyspareunia Treatment: Painful Intercourse – Propel Physiotherapy

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/pelvic-health/dyspareunia-treatment/

  Dyspareunia treatment from a registered physiotherapist trained in pelvic health can help resolve symptoms and lead to pain-free intercourse. […] Dyspareunia treatment from a pelvic health physiotherapist may include: Manual techniques for internal tissue relaxation, Exercise prescription to improve mobility of affected areas, Stress reduction to encourage relaxation of tissues, Breathing exercises, Stretching of tissues or scar mobility, Guidance on progressive stretching, Addressing/ discussing lifestyle factors such as sleep, nutrition, hydration, relaxation, regular toileting, use of lubricant, Education; pain science, lifestyle influence, Guidance on use of dilators to gradually teach the muscles how to relax. […] Yes. When the appropriate support and treatment is provided, it is possible for individuals with dyspareunia to be able to have pain-free intercourse.

• #34 Vaginismus: Dyspareunia, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15723-vaginismus

  Vaginismus can make intercourse painful (dyspareunia). Kegels, vaginal dilators and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relax muscles and stop spasms. […] Painful intercourse. […] Vaginismus treatments focus on reducing the reflex of your muscles that causes them to tense up. Treatments also address anxieties or fears that contribute to vaginismus. […] Topical therapy: Topical lidocaine or compounded creams may help with the pain associated with this condition. […] Vaginal dilator therapy: Vaginal dilators are tube-shaped devices that come in various sizes. Their primary purpose is to stretch the vagina. People with vaginismus use dilators to become more comfortable with, and less sensitive to, vaginal penetration. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps you understand how your thoughts affect your emotions and behaviors. Its an effective treatment for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Painful intercourse. […] Many problems, including vaginismus, can cause painful intercourse. Almost all of these problems are treatable. A lot of people see significant improvements in their sex lives and their mental health after vaginismus treatments.

• #35

  https://www.intimaterose.com/blogs/pelvic-pain/natural-dyspareunia-treatment-5-at-home-remedies?srsltid=AfmBOornY9jm85NQ7AcUVxDdk4sr1YOsF9qOOmzKxrtjhr2ryG8whtQl

  If you have ever experienced pain before, during, or after sexual intercourse, you are far from being alone. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), as many as 3 out of 4 women will experience painful sex in their lifetimes (ACOG, 2018). […] Fortunately, dyspareunia does not have to be a life-long condition and many at-home treatment options exist for women. […] In most cases, dyspareunia can be treated with consistent use of at-home treatment options. A pelvic floor physical therapist can also help you get started with some of these techniques. Often, it is a combination of the strategies below that provide the best results. […] When vaginal dryness is a cause of painful sex, using a lubricant can be extremely helpful. […] For pelvic floor tightness causes by involuntary muscles spasms, vaginal dilators are specific tools in a variety of sizes that allow you to gradually stretch and release the pelvic floor muscles and are best used with the guidance of a pelvic physical therapist.

• #36 Dilators for Dyspareunia: Home Treatment for Painful Sex

  https://www.vuvatech.com/blogs/care/dilators-for-dyspareunia-home-treatment-for-painful-sex?srsltid=AfmBOor9fzYWmOvpKj0d29ee-PNboDxud8U-D5LALvD0sOoUASQvsASi

  Dyspareunia is the name for painful sex, whether the pain occurs before, during or after intercourse. […] Of the various home treatments for painful sex, many women use dilators for dyspareunia, and with great success. […] Many women find relief through simple lubrication products and using vaginal dilators for painful sex. […] We are huge advocates of vaginal dilators for dyspareunia, because we have seen positive results in so many of our customers, who happily verify their dilator success stories with testimonials! […] The Imperial College Healthcare in London advocates dilator use for women suffering from superficial dyspareunia or vaginismus, because dilators can ease anticipatory anxiety by reconditioning the brain-body reconnection and training the muscles to relax. […] Dilator therapy is recognized as one of the best home pelvic therapy treatments for dyspareunia.

• #37 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #38 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html/1000

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of dyspareunia. Depending on the diagnosis, pelvic floor physical therapy, lubricants, or surgical intervention may be included in the treatment plan. […] An educational pelvic examination can be an informational and therapeutic tool in patients with dyspareunia. […] Amitriptyline and topical analgesics may be effective medical therapies for treating vulvodynia. […] Estrogen preparations in cream, ring, or tablet formulations more effectively relieve symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with placebo or nonhormonal gels. […] Some women benefit from support groups, individual therapy, or couples therapy. […] Therapy typically focuses on treating underlying causes of pain in combination with pelvic floor physical therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy may be included in the treatment regimen.

• #39 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375973

  Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy also can be helpful in changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

• #40 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375973

  Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy also can be helpful in changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

• #41 Sex Therapy and CBT for Pain During Intercourse | PHRC

  https://pelvicpainrehab.com/blog/sex-therapy-and-cbt-for-pain-with-sex/

  And those of my patients that have fallen into this pain loop have benefited immensely from working with a sex therapist. Sex therapists can collaborate with patients to help break this pain cycle. […] Now lets delve a little into the research which focuses on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can be delivered by a sex therapist, as a way of reducing fear of pain and reestablishing satisfying sexual functioning. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy can help bridge the gap between physical therapy and pain reduction in the sexual situation. […] Following this protocol, the authors observed strong significant reductions in dyspareunia and sex-related distress as well as improvements in sexual arousal and overall sexual functioning. […] Though both of these studies took a group CBT approach and neither specifically included the womens partners in their interventions, I would 100% of the time recommend sex therapy for patients that have fallen into the pain cycle. The evidence in these studies suggest great benefits and the anecdotal evidence I have seen in the clinic is overwhelming.

• #42 Pain During Sex: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/pain-during-intercourse-treatment

  Antibiotics […] Your doctor may prescribe low-dose antibiotics for urethritis and urethral syndrome. Vulvovaginitis stemming from an infection such as chlamydia, an STD, or a urinary tract infection calls for antibiotic treatment as well. […] Antidepressants […] Antidepressants are regularly used to treat chronic pain conditions such as interstitial cystitis as well as conditions such as urethritis and urethral syndrome that have symptoms such as the frequent or urgent need to pee in addition to painful intercourse. […] Vaginal relaxation exercises […] If you have vaginismus, a physical therapist can show you how to relax the muscles in your pelvis to ease pain during sex. […] Surgery […] If you have vaginal stricture, you may have a type of surgery called vaginoplasty to remove excess or scar tissue. Vaginal adhesions can be treated with laparoscopic or traditional surgery. Discuss with your doctor the risks and benefits of this surgery for vaginal adhesions, as around 70% of the time, additional adhesions may develop.

• #43 Pain During Sex: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/pain-during-intercourse-treatment

  Cystoscopy […] If your doctor suspects you have interstitial cystitis (IC), they may use an instrument called a cystoscope to examine the inside of your bladder and urethra. During the procedure, your doctor may stretch the bladder to examine the bladder wall. Doctors are unsure why this sometimes eases the symptoms of IC but think it may be due to increased bladder capacity or disruption of pain signals in the bladder. […] Prescription medication […] Medicines such as amitriptyline (Elavil), nifedipine (Procardia), pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron), or other prescription drugs can be used to treat pain caused by interstitial cystitis. […] Bladder washing […] In this procedure (also called bladder instillation), doctors fill your bladder with a medical solution for a period ranging from a couple of seconds to 15 minutes. This is done to either coat the bladder with a protective layer or treat the inflammation of interstitial cystitis.

• #44 You Don’t Have to Live with Painful Sex: Understanding Your Treatment Options for Dyspareunia: Shamsah Amersi, MD: OB-GYNs

  https://www.dramersi.com/blog/you-dont-have-to-live-with-painful-sex-understanding-your-treatment-options-for-dyspareunia

  Sometimes, dyspareunia is related to a stiff or inflexible vagina or from vaginal atrophy during menopause. […] Dilation involves inserting a special silicone or plastic device into your vagina to improve the strength and flexibility of your vaginal walls and your pelvic floor muscles. […] Your hormones play a big role in keeping your vagina healthy, flexible, and lubricated. […] Hormone replacement therapy uses bioidentical hormones to supplement the hormones your body produces. […] Many women use lubricants to enhance sexual pleasure regardless of whether or not they suffer from dyspareunia. […] While lubricants can be used alone, data show they are especially effective when combined with topical estrogen therapy. […] MonaLisa Touch is a special laser system thats designed expressly for treating vaginal atrophy, a chronic condition leading to vaginal dryness and irritation, thinning of the vaginal tissue, and painful sex. […] Dyspareunia can have different causes, and many women benefit from a treatment plan involving more than one type of therapy.

• #45 The Simple Treatment That Eliminates Painful Intercourse for Women –

  https://www.advancedgynnj.com/blog/simple-treatment-eliminates-painful-intercourse-women/

  As women get older, particularly when they go through menopause, they experience vaginal changes that can lead to persistently painful intercourse, or dyspareunia. One of the ways this can be remedied is through a laser treatment called the MonaLisa Touch. […] A simple solution is to use lubricant during intercourse, but this only offers temporary relief. A more common option is to use hormonal or hormonal-like drugs that directly affect the vaginal tissue. […] The MonaLisa Touch is the answer to those looking for a less invasive, drug-free treatment for dyspareunia. It is in-office procedure that doesn’t require anesthesia, is virtually pain free, and is typically over in about five minutes. […] Patients undergo three treatments six weeks apart, with follow-up treatments performed annually to maintain healthy cell growth and prevent dyspareunia from returning. […] The MonaLisa Touch is a great solution for almost all women in eliminating painful intercourse and other undesirable vaginal conditions from their lives.

• #46 Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5969816/

  Medical therapies for dyspareunia and vulvodynia include topical anesthetics, oral tricyclic antidepressants, oral or topical hormonal treatments, oral anti-inflammatory agents, Botox and trigger point injections, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other types of brain-based therapies, or surgery. […] Injection of botulinum toxin A into the pelvic floor muscles has been shown in some studies to decrease dyspareunia and vulvodynia caused by pelvic floor myalgia and contracture. […] Pelvic floor physical therapy is an important adjunct to most treatments for dyspareunia and vulvodynia. […] Surgical treatment is performed as a last resort when all conservative and medical management options have failed or when surgery is indicated to determine and/or treat pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, or pelvic organ prolapse.

• #47 Treating Painful Sex

  https://www.williamsobgyn.com/my-blog/552736-treating-painful-sex_2/

  Dyspareunia is the technical term for pain during intercourse. It’s not uncommon for women to experience painful sexual intercourse at some point in their lives. If you are experiencing pain during sex, work with your OB/GYN to determine the root cause and devise a treatment plan. […] Painful sex can be treated with lifestyle modifications. There are a few ways to try to alleviate pain during sexual intercourse such as trying a slower pace or using more lubricant. […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the dyspareunia. Changing medications known to cause lubrication problems might also relieve your pain. For some women, pain during sex is caused by a lack of lubrication resulting from low levels of estrogen. This can be treated with topical estrogen applied to the vagina.

• #48 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse) | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/dyspareunia

  You can help reduce or manage pain during sex with some simple home care tips, including: Applying an ice pack wrapped in a towel to the vulva after sex, Setting aside a relaxing time for having sex, Taking a warm bath to ease inflammation, Trying sexual activities and positions that reduce pain, Using an over-the-counter water- or silicone-based lubricant for vaginal dryness. […] Medications can treat underlying causes or help alleviate pain. Your provider may recommend: An alternative form of birth control, such as birth control pills, an implant, a patch or an intrauterine device, Antibiotics, antivirals and antifungal medications to treat infections, Antidepressants, which can treat psychological factors and can help reduce nerve pain, Botulinum toxin injections, which can address pain in your pelvic floor muscles, Hormone therapy which may help women with sexual dysfunction, Medications for endometriosis, Prescription topical estrogen creams or a drug called ospemifene to address dryness and other symptoms related to menopause, Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories taken before intercourse.

• #49 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Another medicine to relieve painful intercourse is prasterone (Intrarosa). It’s a capsule you place inside the vagina daily. […] Some therapies that dont involve medicine also might help with painful intercourse: Desensitization therapy. For this therapy, you learn vaginal relaxation exercises that can ease pain. […] Counseling or sex therapy. If sex has been painful for some time, you might have a negative emotional response to sexual stimulation even after treatment. […] Talking to a counselor or sex therapist may help resolve these issues. […] To help with pain during sex, you and your partner could try to: Change positions. If you have sharp pain during thrusting, try different positions, such as being on top. […] Use lubricants. A personal lubricant can make sex more comfortable. Try different brands until you find one you like. […] Until vaginal penetration becomes less painful, you and your partner might find other ways to be intimate. Sensual massage, kissing and mutual masturbation offer alternatives to intercourse that might be more comfortable, more fulfilling and more fun than your regular routine.

• #50 Dyspareunia (Painful Sex) – Your Pelvic Floor

  https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/conditions/dyspareunia/

  In people with spasm of the muscles at the entrance to the vagina (perineal muscles) e.g., following childbirth trauma, sexual assault or rape, Botox injection into the muscle has been found to be very useful as it relaxes the muscle and makes intercourse less painful. […] Finally, it is important to stress that dyspareunia can be a chronic and frustrating condition that may require multiple visits, and treatment involving various specialists in order to adequately manage it.

• #51 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  The good news is that you can often find relief and recover. Whether its medication, pelvic floor therapy, surgery or using lubrication your healthcare provider can find a treatment that can improve or eliminate dyspareunia. […] If having sex hurts you, contact your healthcare provider. It might be an uncomfortable topic, but knowing the underlying cause of your pain is important. Your provider can recommend treatment so you can enjoy a fulfilling sex life again.

• #52 Understanding Dyspareunia : Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.artfertilityclinics.com/in/en/art-blog/dyspareunia-causes-symptoms-treatment

  Counseling and psychotherapy can help individuals explore and address emotional issues, anxiety, or past traumas that may be contributing to the pain. […] For individuals experiencing vaginal dryness, the use of water-based or silicone-based lubricants during intercourse can provide relief. Regular use of vaginal moisturizers may also help maintain adequate vaginal moisture. […] Open communication between partners is crucial. Relationship counseling can help couples navigate the emotional impact of dyspareunia, fostering understanding and support. […] By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of dyspareunia, individuals can regain control of their sexual health and enhance their overall well-being.

• #53 Female Pain During Sex Miami | Dyspareunia Specialist Miami | Center for Women’s Sexual Health

  https://miamisexualhealth.com/services/pain-with-sexual-intercourse-dyspareunia/

  Pain with sexual intercourse for a woman is not uncommon. […] The cause of dyspareunia can vary widely, so finding the right treatment hinges on identifying the underlying causes. […] Yes, numerous therapies can resolve or at least lessen dyspareunia symptoms. Specific treatment will depend on the root cause. Oftentimes a multidisciplinary approach to treatment is necessary. […] Treatments for painful intercourse may include: Hormone Therapy, Medications to treat underlying infections or gynecologic conditions, Pelvic Floor Therapy, Vaginal Lubricants or moisturizers, Vaginal Laser therapy, Surgery, Counseling or Sex Therapy. […] The Center for Womens Sexual Health and Medicine can diagnose the cause of your pain and provide a comprehensive treatment plan.

• #54 Treating Painful Sex

  https://www.williamsobgyn.com/my-blog/552736-treating-painful-sex_2/

  Dyspareunia is the technical term for pain during intercourse. It’s not uncommon for women to experience painful sexual intercourse at some point in their lives. If you are experiencing pain during sex, work with your OB/GYN to determine the root cause and devise a treatment plan. […] Painful sex can be treated with lifestyle modifications. There are a few ways to try to alleviate pain during sexual intercourse such as trying a slower pace or using more lubricant. […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the dyspareunia. Changing medications known to cause lubrication problems might also relieve your pain. For some women, pain during sex is caused by a lack of lubrication resulting from low levels of estrogen. This can be treated with topical estrogen applied to the vagina.

• #55 Treating Painful Sex

  https://www.williamsobgyn.com/my-blog/552736-treating-painful-sex_2/

  If youre looking for a non-invasive way to address painful sex brought on by low estrogen levels, MonaLisa Touch laser therapy is a highly effective long-term solution. […] Painful sex can lead to relationship problems. It may be worthwhile to speak to a counselor if this is the case. […] Painful sex can be treated with desensitization therapy. Pelvic floor exercises and vaginal relaxation exercises may be used in this treatment method as they will strengthen your pelvic muscles and ease your pain during intercourse. […] You dont have to live with sexual pain. Find an OB/GYN in your area and schedule a consultation today. Get your life back on track by receiving the best dyspareunia treatment available.

• #56 arrow-right

  https://middlesexmd.com/blogs/pelvic-health/dyspareunia-causes-symptoms-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopIay2OYCSSxqW2A7bOLBs80mjPIEnlXlkUTzBveaMhFLvh33cW

  Wondering why sex hurts all of a sudden? Medically referred to as dyspareunia, pain during sex can be embarrassing to talk about but is easily treated once the underlying cause has been identified. […] To treat pain during sex, the first step is to schedule a consultation with a doctor to clarify what is causing the discomfort. This is often the most difficult step for women to take due to the embarrassment that exists in talking about female sexual issues. […] Although it can be awkward to talk about, the good news is that painful sex can be successfully treated once the underlying cause is determined. If you are embarrassed, speak with a female doctor about relieving dyspareunia. It could be as simple as using a personal lubricant for sex or relaxing the vaginal muscles with dilators.

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