Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375973

  A medical evaluation for dyspareunia usually consists of: […] Don’t let embarrassment stop you from answering truthfully. These questions provide clues to the cause of your pain. […] Treatment options vary depending on the cause of the pain. […] If an infection or medical condition contributes to your pain, treating the cause might resolve your problem. Changing medicines that can cause lubrication problems also might eliminate your symptoms. […] For many postmenopausal women, painful intercourse is caused by too little lubrication resulting from low estrogen levels. Often, low estrogen levels can be treated with topical estrogen applied directly to the vagina. […] The Food and Drug Administration approved the medicine ospemifene (Osphena) to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia in women who have problems with vaginal lubrication.

• #2

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00006205-202311000-00006&Journal_ID=54012&Issue_ID=6813630

  Dyspareunia in women is a recurrent pain in the genital and/or pelvic area associated with sexual intercourse. Dyspareunia is associated with increased risk of sexual dysfunction and relationship distress, and it may impact an individual’s confidence, self-image, and self-esteem. Pain resulting from dyspareunia can be superficial or deep; it can range from intermittent to continuous and dull to sharp. […] Research conducted in the US indicates that between 7% and 58% of women suffer from dyspareunia. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the prevalence is even higher, with a rate of up to 75% of women experiencing painful intercourse during their lives. […] Women with dyspareunia are at increased risk of developing sexual dysfunction; relationship distress; and decreased confidence, self-image, and self-esteem.

• #3 Dyspareunia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562159/

  Dyspareunia is defined by genital pain that can be experienced before, during, or after intercourse. […] It is debatable whether this condition can be classified as a sexual disorder or pain disorder as identifying a specific etiology can prove challenging. […] Dyspareunia can have a significant effect on physical and mental health, as well as quality of life. […] Painful sexual intercourse is a common female health problem. In medical terminology, it is called dyspareunia. […] The prevalence of dyspareunia varies from 3 to 18% worldwide, and it can affect 10 to 28% of the population in a lifetime. […] Dyspareunia can be further categorized into superficial or deep, and primary or secondary. […] The etiology of dyspareunia encompasses structural, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, hormonal, and psychosocial conditions.

• #3 Dyspareunia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562159/

  Anatomic causes include pelvis floor muscle dysfunction, uterine retroversion, hymenal remnants, and pelvic organ prolapse. […] Lack of lubrication is most common in reproductive years and is attributable to hormonal as well as sexual arousal disorders. […] The etiology of endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia could also be due to endometriosis-specific factors or indirect contributors like bladder/pelvic floor dysfunction. […] Dermatologic diseases such as lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, and psoriasis can cause significant inflammation to the vaginal mucosa as well. […] Perivaginal and pelvic infections such as urethritis, vaginitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease can result from gonorrhea, chlamydia, candida, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and virals pathogens such as herpes.

• #3 Dyspareunia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562159/

  Vaginismus is a more common condition in younger women and defined as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles on attempted vaginal penetration and can be the result of a pelvic floor dysfunction or psychosocial issues such as a history of sexual abuse. […] The prognosis of dyspareunia depends on the causative factor of this pain. If the underlying cause is known and curable, then it has a better prognosis. […] Its prognosis is poor in idiopathic dyspareunia. […] Dyspareunia is usually a treatable disease and doesn’t result in major complications. […] If the patients do not seek prompt, appropriate medical care, it can result in loss of sexual interest and problems with relationships. […] Psychiatric issues may arise if dyspareunia remains untreated.

• #4 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  Dyspareunia is genital pain during or after sexual intercourse. Factors like underlying medical conditions or infections can cause painful sex. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause of the pain. […] Pain during sex, or dyspareunia, is persistent or recurring pain just before, during or after sex. Dyspareunia is more common in women, but anyone can experience painful sex. […] The location of your pain can help determine what type of dyspareunia you’re experiencing. Types include: Entry pain (intraoital or superficial dyspareunia). This pain is felt at the entrance to your vagina during initial penetration. Causes could include changes in hormones, vulvar or vagina dryness, chronic irritation, infection or injury. […] Pain during intercourse can also be described as primary, secondary, complete or situational: Primary pain is pain you’ve had since becoming sexually active. Secondary pain develops after experiencing pain-free sex. Complete pain means you feel pain every time you have sex. Situational pain is when the pain only happens at certain times.

• #4 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  Medical conditions: Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue similar to the lining of your uterus is in the wrong place (like your fallopian tubes or abdomen). Skin disorders affecting your genitalia: Any type of itchy skin disorder like dermatitis can make sex painful. Pelvic floor dysfunction: Problems with the muscles and ligaments in your pelvic floor can lead to pain during sex. Bowel problems: Conditions that cause inflammation in your bowels can make sex painful. These include conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Bladder problems: Conditions that affect your bladder, like chronic UTIs, urinary frequency and interstitial cystitis (IC), can make sex painful. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, especially those that come during perimenopause, can make sex painful. Nervous system concerns: Things like a pinched nerve in your back, pudendal nerve issues and nerve inflammation can cause pain during sex. Breastfeeding: Hormonal changes associated with breastfeeding can lead to painful sex. Vulvodynia: A condition that causes chronic pain in the vulvar area. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM): Your vaginal lining can lose its normal moisture and thickness and become dry, thin and inflamed. Vaginismus: Involuntary spasms of your vaginal muscles, often caused by fear of being hurt or prior trauma.

• #4 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  Up to 28% of all people in the United States will experience painful sex at least once. […] Anyone of any age can experience painful sex. But it’s more likely to affect women who are past menopause (the average age of menopause is 51). This is mainly due to a decrease in estrogen, a hormone that helps with lubrication and other aspects of your vaginal health. […] If you have pain during sex, you may feel: Sharp pain during penetration or at entry (or even when using a tampon). Deep pain during thrusting. Throbbing or aching after intercourse. Pelvic cramping. Muscle tightness or spasms. Bladder pain. […] In many cases, you can experience pain during sex if you don’t have enough vaginal lubrication. But you can also have painful intercourse because of an infection, trauma, injury or medical condition.

• #4 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  Pain during sex is more common in women, especially those who have reached menopause. But it can affect men, too. It happens to people of all ages and backgrounds. The pain is often due to physical factors or medical conditions, but it can also be psychological or due to a mental health condition. […] The possible complications of painful sex are: Relationship problems: Lack of intimacy with your partner can lead to stress or strain in your relationship, leaving one or both of you feeling frustrated or disconnected. You may also find yourself not looking forward to sex or intimacy due to fear of the pain. Anxiety or depression: Chronic pain and being unable to do what you want to do can make you feel sad, depressed or anxious. Unresolved medical conditions: If an underlying condition is causing painful sex, not treating that issue could lead to complications.

• #4 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12325-dyspareunia-painful-intercourse

  There are many approaches your healthcare provider can use to treat your symptoms, but it depends on the cause. […] If vaginal dryness due to low estrogen is the cause of your painful sex, topical estrogens can be applied to your vagina. […] Applying a water- or silicone-based lubricant to your vagina, vulva and labia is helpful when dryness is the main cause. […] Dyspareunia isn’t just part of life or a part of getting older. If having sex hurts you, contact your healthcare provider. It might be an uncomfortable topic, but knowing the underlying cause of your pain is important.

• #5 Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Dyspareunia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0415/p1535.html

  Dyspareunia is genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. […] Identification of the initiating and promulgating factors is essential to reaching a successful diagnosis. […] The differential diagnoses include vaginismus, inadequate lubrication, atrophy and vulvodynia (vulvar vestibulitis). […] Less common etiologies are endometriosis, pelvic congestion, adhesions or infections, and adnexal pathology. […] Urethral disorders, cystitis and interstitial cystitis may also cause painful intercourse. […] The location of the pain may be described as entry or deep. […] Vulvodynia, atrophy, inadequate lubrication and vaginismus are associated with painful entry. […] Deep pain occurs with the other conditions previously noted. […] The current thinking about pain initiation and promulgation suggests an initial instigating factor that is then perpetuated by confounding factors.

• #5 Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Dyspareunia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0415/p1535.html

  Pain before coitus may result from irritation of the external genitalia or the vasocongestion that occurs during the excitement phase. […] Psychologic theory historically treats dyspareunia as a symbol of unconscious conflict, stemming from phobic reactions, major anxiety conflicts, hostility or sexual aversions. […] Dyspareunia is differentiated from vaginismus or problems resulting from inadequate lubrication. […] The pain must be persistent or recurrent, and cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. […] Dyspareunia has been associated with a more negative attitude toward sexuality, with more sexual function impairment and with lower levels of relationship adjustment. […] Women with dyspareunia, not surprisingly, were found to have a lower frequency of intercourse and lower levels of desire and arousal, and to be less orgasmic with oral stimulation and intercourse.

• #5 Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Dyspareunia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0415/p1535.html

  Complaints of pain with sexual intercourse were also associated with low physical and emotional satisfaction, as well as decreased general happiness. […] Depression and phobic anxiety were noted more often in patients with dyspareunia compared with control subjects. […] The role of previous sexual abuse in dyspareunia has been the subject of much study, but the results lack consistency because of methodologic flaws. […] This integrated pain model emphasizes that physical and psychologic factors may be instigating causes and reasons for perpetuation of the symptoms. […] The optimal approach incorporates social learning and operant conditioning models with pain, psychologic and physical conditions. […] The Learning theory suggests that erroneous or negative expectations of sexual intercourse are the result of absent or faulty learning.

• #6 Dyspareunia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/dyspareunia

  Dyspareunia is pain during or after sexual intercourse. It can affect men but is more common in women. This article concerns female dyspareunia. […] There are numerous causes of dyspareunia – many of which are easily treatable. It is often multifactorial and a biopsychosocial approach is usually required to elicit a full understanding of the contributing factors. […] Some causes are specific to either superficial or deep dyspareunia, other causes may result in either superficial or deep. […] Superficial dyspareunia is pain localised to the vulva or vaginal entrance. Deep dyspareunia is pain perceived inside the upper vagina or deep within pelvis. […] Deep dyspareunia may be caused by psychological causes or conditions affecting the genital tract or adjacent lower abdominal structures.

• #6 Dyspareunia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/dyspareunia

  The prevalence of dyspareunia and vulvodynia varies by how they are defined and by geographic location. […] Comorbidities which can evoke pain felt in the pelvis, including irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, pelvic floor dysfunction, endometriosis, fibroids and inflammatory bowel disease. […] Genital scar tissue. Childbirth is a risk factor for developing pelvic pain and/or dyspareunia during and potentially beyond the postpartum period due to sensitive scar tissue formation. […] Vaginal trauma and resultant scar tissue, for example postpartum. […] Vaginal dryness due to lack of lubrication – eg, associated with anxiety, inadequate arousal before penetration, pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause or Sjgren’s syndrome. […] Vaginal atrophy associated with menopause. […] Rape and sexual assault. […] Cervical pain. This can be secondary to infection, particularly herpes. […] Endometriosis. […] Pelvic inflammatory disease. […] The causes and complications of the condition take time and confidence to overcome.

• #7 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967

  Painful intercourse can happen for reasons that range from structural problems to psychological concerns. Many people have painful intercourse at some point in their lives. The medical term for painful intercourse is dyspareunia (dis-puh-ROO-nee-uh). It is lasting or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during or after sex. Treatments focus on the cause and can help stop or ease this common problem. […] Physical causes of painful intercourse differ, depending on whether the pain happens at entry or with deep thrusting. Emotional factors can be linked to many types of painful intercourse. Pain during penetration might be associated with a range of factors, including: Not enough lubrication. This is often the result of not enough foreplay. A drop in estrogen levels after menopause or childbirth or during breastfeeding also can be a cause. Certain medicines can affect sexual desire or arousal. That can decrease lubrication and make sex painful. Those medicines include antidepressants, high blood pressure medicines, sedatives, antihistamines and certain birth control pills. Injury, trauma or irritation. This includes injury or irritation from an accident, pelvic surgery, female circumcision or a cut made during childbirth to enlarge the birth canal, called episiotomy. Inflammation, infection or skin disorders. An infection in the genital area or urinary tract can cause painful intercourse. Eczema or other skin problems in the genital area also can be the cause. Vaginismus. These involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vaginal wall can make penetration painful. A problem present at birth. Not having a fully formed vagina, called vaginal agenesis, or having a membrane that blocks the vaginal opening, called imperforate hymen, could cause painful intercourse.

• #7 Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967

  Deep pain usually occurs with deep penetration. It might be worse in certain positions. Causes include: Certain illnesses and conditions. The list includes endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine prolapse, retroverted uterus, uterine fibroids, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic floor conditions, adenomyosis, hemorrhoids and ovarian cysts. Surgeries or medical treatments. Scarring from pelvic surgery, including hysterectomy, can cause painful intercourse. Medical treatments for cancer, such as radiation and chemotherapy, can cause changes that make sex painful. […] Emotions are deeply intertwined with sexual activity, so they might play a role in sexual pain. Emotional factors include: Psychological issues. Anxiety, depression, concerns about physical appearance, fear of intimacy or relationship problems can contribute to a low level of arousal and resulting discomfort or pain. Stress. Your pelvic floor muscles tend to tighten in response to stress in your life. This can contribute to pain during intercourse. History of sexual abuse. Not everyone with dyspareunia has a history of sexual abuse. But if you have been abused, it can play a role. […] It can be hard to tell whether emotional factors are associated with dyspareunia. Initial pain can lead to fear of recurring pain, making it difficult to relax, which can lead to more pain. You might start avoiding sex if you associate it with the pain.

• #8 Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia) Treatment | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/gynecology/sexual-health/painful-sex

  Pain during intercourse affects many women at various times in their lives. The medical term for painful sex is dyspareunia and is characterized as recurrent or persistent genital pain that happens just before, during the course of or following the act of intercourse. Many times, painful sex is caused by insufficient vaginal lubrication. Common causes of vaginal dryness include medications (typically those that hinder sexual arousal including antidepressants, sedatives, certain birth control pills, antihistamines and blood pressure medications) and low estrogen levels related to menopause (natural, surgical or induced), childbirth and breastfeeding. […] There are many other possible causes of painful sex including: Vaginal infections are common, especially yeast infections […] Endometriosis, caused when the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, attaching to and irritating organs in the abdomen

• #8 Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia) Treatment | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/gynecology/sexual-health/painful-sex

  Scar tissue, or adhesions, from previous surgeries or infections […] Problems with the cervix, including infections […] Problems with the uterus, such as fibroids (benign growths in the wall of the uterus) […] Problems with the ovaries, such as cysts (fluid-filled sacs) […] Adenomyosis caused when endometrial tissue grows into the walls of the uterus […] Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) […] Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) […] Irritation, trauma or surgery, including an episiotomy or tear during childbirth […] Ectopic pregnancy […] Intercourse too soon following childbirth or surgery […] Vaginismus (painful vaginal muscle spasms) […] Infections, inflammation or skin disorders of the pelvis, vagina or vulva […] Stress, causing a tightening of pelvic floor muscles which can lead to pain […] Psychological issues, such as anxiety, depression or fear of intimacy […] Congenital abnormality […] Medical treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation […] History of sexual abuse.

• #9 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dyspareunia

  Dyspareunia is the term for recurring pain in the genital area or within the pelvis during sexual intercourse. The pain can be sharp or intense. It can occur before, during, or after sexual intercourse. […] Dyspareunia is more common in women than men. It has many possible causes, but it can be treated. […] Several conditions can cause dyspareunia. For some women, its a sign of a physical problem. Other women may experience pain as a result of emotional factors. […] Common physical causes of dyspareunia include: vaginal dryness from menopause, childbirth, breastfeeding, medications, or too little arousal before intercourse; skin disorders that cause ulcers, cracks, itching, or burning; infections, such as yeast or urinary tract infections (UTIs); injury or trauma from childbirth, an accident, an episiotomy, a hysterectomy, or pelvic surgery; vulvodynia, or pain centered in the vulva area; vaginitis, or inflammation of the vagina; vaginismus, or a spontaneous tightening of the muscles of the vaginal wall; endometriosis; cystitis; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); uterine fibroids; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); radiation and chemotherapy.

• #9 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse): Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dyspareunia

  Factors that reduce sexual desire or affect a persons ability to become aroused can also cause dyspareunia. These factors include: stress, which can result in tightened muscles of the pelvic floor; fear, guilt, or shame related to sex; self-image or body issues; medications such as birth control pills; relationship problems; conditions such as cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disease; history of sexual abuse or rape. […] Dyspareunia is one of the most common problems of postmenopausal women. […] Around 75 percent of women have painful intercourse at some time, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Youre at an increased risk if you: take medications that cause vaginal dryness; have a viral or bacterial infection; are postmenopausal. […] Dyspareunia treatments are based on the cause of the condition. If your pain is caused by an underlying infection or condition, your doctor may treat it with antibiotics, antifungal medicines, or topical or injectable corticosteroids.

• #10 Dyspareunia: Painful Sex for Women, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Chrissie Yu

  https://www.chrissieyu.com/insights/pain-during-sex/

  Pain during or after sex is known as dyspareunia and there are many reasons why women experience it, including infections, illness, a physical or a psychological problem. […] Painful sex is one of the most commonly reported problems in post-menopausal women. During menopause, falling oestrogen levels lead to reduced vaginal secretions, which can cause dryness in the vagina, making sex uncomfortable or even painful. […] Painful sex may simply be down to lack of arousal. […] Painful sex is often the result of medical conditions. […] Vaginismus is the automatic tightening and contracting of the muscles of the vagina at the point of intercourse, making sex either impossible or painful. […] Pelvic inflammatory disease is inflammation in the pelvis, normally caused by an infection. It may cause pain during sex, pelvic or abdominal pain, a temperature, vaginal discharge or vaginal bleeding. […] Endometriosis is a condition where cells resembling those in the uterus grow in other places in the body, and can cause painful sex, painful periods and abdominal pain. […] In some women, fibroids can cause painful sex, particularly if the fibroids are large and located close to the cervix.

• #11 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Vaginal dryness: During sexual arousal, glands at the entrance of the vagina secrete fluids to aid intercourse. Too little fluid can lead to painful intercourse. […] Vaginismus: The involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles causes vaginismus, leading to painful sexual intercourse. […] Any trauma to the genital region can lead to dyspareunia. Examples include female genital mutilation (FGM), pelvic surgery, or injury arising from an accident. […] Inflammation around the vaginal opening is called vulvar vestibulitis. This can cause dyspareunia. Vaginal yeast infections, urinary tract infections, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also lead to painful intercourse. […] Dyspareunia may arise from eczema, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, or other skin problems in the genital area.

• #11 Dyspareunia (painful intercourse): Causes and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192590

  Some common emotional and psychological factors can play a role in painful intercourse. […] Anxiety, fear, and depression can inhibit sexual arousal and contribute to vaginal dryness or vaginismus. […] Stress can trigger a tightening of the pelvic floor muscles, resulting in pain. […] A history of sexual abuse or sexual violence may contribute to dyspareunia.

• #12 Understanding Dyspareunia: The many causes of pain with intercourse. – Foundational Concepts

  https://www.foundationalconcepts.com/the-pelvic-chronicles-blog/understanding-dyspareunia-the-many-causes-of-pain-with-intercourse/

  Certain medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders like Sjgrens syndrome, can also cause vaginal dryness, leading to discomfort during sex. […] Sexually transmitted diseases or STIs can also be a major contributor to dyspareunia. Infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis can cause inflammation, irritation, and discomfort in the vaginal and pelvic areas. […] The symptoms of STIs vary depending on the type of infection but commonly include burning sensations, itching, unusual discharge, and pain during intercourse. […] Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and yeast infections are common conditions that can contribute to painful intercourse. Both infections can cause inflammation, irritation, and discomfort in the vaginal area. […] Dyspareunia is a complex condition with many potential causes, ranging from hormonal changes to infections and underlying health conditions. Understanding the role of vaginal dryness, fluctuating estrogen levels, STIs, and other factors is essential for effective management and treatment.

• #13 Why Does Sex Hurt? 14 Causes of Pain with Sex

  https://drbrighten.com/why-does-sex-hurt/

  Vulvodynia refers to pain in the vulva which may have no otherwise diagnosable cause. […] When you’re experiencing vaginal dryness, sex can be torture. […] A urinary tract infection (UTI) can mean serious pain during intercourse. […] Sexual activity can exacerbate the pain and distribute those pesky bacteria that are causing your infection even further along your urinary tract. […] Vaginal yeast infections can wreak havoc on your sex life. […] Having intercourse while you have a yeast infection can be extremely painful. […] Various sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in painful intercourse. […] If left untreated, sexually transmitted infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. […] Some women have painful sex due to a condition called vaginismus which causes an involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles and makes penetration extremely difficult or impossible.

• #14 Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia) Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia

  Painful intercourse is the more common term for dyspareunia a condition when women experience vaginal pain during or after sex. Often this pain causes low libido in women and has several causes. […] Dyspareunia has one primary symptom pain but many potential causes, including: […] Vaginal dryness: A lack of lubrication is the most common cause of pain; this happens more frequently after menopause […] Emotional issues: Psychological issues can cause physical pain during intercourse […] Sexually transmitted infections: Including chlamydia and gonorrhea […] Endometriosis: In addition to painful sex, this can also cause painful menstrual periods […] Vaginismus: When the muscles around the vagina spasm involuntarily, causing the vagina to close […] Vulvovaginitis: An inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina […] Interstitial cystitis: A chronic inflammation of the bladder.

• #15 11 Causes of Dyspareunia in Women (Pain During Intercourse) | Dr. Tan and PartnersFacebookInstagramLinkedInYouTubeFacebookInstagramLinkedInYouTube

  https://www.dtapclinic.com/articles/11-causes-of-dyspareunia-pain-during-intercourse/

  Vulvitis is the inflammation of the vulva (opening of the vagina) that can progressively lead to cracks in the skin of the vulva. […] During sex, the penis is able to come into contact with the cervix (opening of the womb). This can cause pain due to deep penetration, also known as ‘collision dyspareunia’. […] Womb disorders or other problems in this region can cause deep pain during sex, such as: […] Endometriosis is a disorder in which the tissues intended to line the uterus start growing outside the uterus. […] PID is caused by a sexually-transmitted infection in the upper female genital tract (pelvis). […] Pelvic adhesions are when the tissues in the upper female genital tract (pelvis) become stuck together. […] An ectopic pregnancy is when the pregnancy is located outside the womb, like in the fallopian tubes, cervix or ovary.

• #15 11 Causes of Dyspareunia in Women (Pain During Intercourse) | Dr. Tan and PartnersFacebookInstagramLinkedInYouTubeFacebookInstagramLinkedInYouTube

  https://www.dtapclinic.com/articles/11-causes-of-dyspareunia-pain-during-intercourse/

  Dyspareunia or Pain During Intercourse is a condition whereby people experience pain during sexual intercourse. Both men and women can experience pain during sex sometime during their lives. However, it is much more common for women. Particularly in young women who are inexperienced or women who are in the perimenopause or menopause stages. […] Pain During Intercourse can be classified into either deep or superficial pain during sex. […] Causes of superficial pain include: […] Lack of vaginal lubrication can be due to nervousness, failure to relax, not having enough foreplay, or having unskilled foreplay performed by the male partner. […] Vaginitis is essentially the inflammation of the vagina which is caused by infections from thrush (candida), trichomonas or bacterial vaginosis (BV).

• #16 Painful Sex – Dyspareunia – GyneClinics

  https://gyneclinics.com/painful-sex-dyspareunia/

  Causes of Deep Pain: Womb trouble: retroverted uterus and other various womb problems, including fibroids, can cause deep intercourse pain. […] Endometriosis: this very common disorder often affects the womb and surrounding tissues. It makes them very tender, particularly near period times. […] Ovary problems: cysts on the ovary can cause deep pain. Pain may also be caused if the tip of the penis hits an unusually positioned ovary. […] Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): this is caused by infection. In PID, the tissues deep inside become badly inflamed and so the pressure of intercourse causes deep pain. […] Problems with the cervix: the mans penis hits the cervix at the farthest extent of his thrust. So infections of the cervix and tender places on it can cause pain during deep penetration. This is called collision dyspareunia.

• #16 Painful Sex – Dyspareunia – GyneClinics

  https://gyneclinics.com/painful-sex-dyspareunia/

  Ectopic pregnancy: This may be the first awareness of likelihood of pregnancy. It is means a pregnancy outside the womb, usually in the Fallopian tube. Pressure on it can be very painful during sex. […] Others: irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and other inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease can be associated with deeply painful sex.

• #17 Dyspareunia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/dyspareunia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-7111754

  Some people develop pain in the genital area before, during, or after sexual intercourse. That pain is referred to medically as dyspareunia. […] Many things can cause dyspareunia, including infections or chronic diseases. The causes differ depending on whether a male or a female is experiencing it. […] Causes in females include: Skin diseases, such as lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, and psoriasis; Urethritis; Vaginitis; Postpartum dyspareunia; Vaginal atrophy; Vaginismus; Vulvodynia; Endometriosis; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Interstitial cystitis; Pelvic adhesions; Retroverted uterus; Uterine myomas; Uterine fibroids; Childbirth; Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. […] Dyspareunia in males can be caused by the following: Peyronie disease; Infections of the urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, or bladder; Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. […] Another possible cause of dyspareunia is a lack of lubricant during sexual intercourse. If the area is dry and there is too much friction, all genders can experience pain during sexual activity.

• #18 Dyspareunia in Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1001/p465.html

  Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent pain with sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal conflict. It affects approximately 10% to 20% of U.S. women. […] Common diagnoses include provoked vulvodynia, inadequate lubrication, postpartum dyspareunia, and vaginal atrophy. […] Significant risk factors and predictors for dyspareunia include younger age, education level below a college degree, urinary tract symptoms, poor to fair health, emotional problems or stress, and a decrease in household income greater than 20%. […] Vaginismus is involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles that inhibits entry into the vagina. […] Vulvodynia is defined by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease as vulvar discomfort, most often described as burning pain, occurring in the absence of relevant visible findings or a specific, clinically identifiable, neurologic disorder. […] Inadequate lubrication of the vagina leads to friction and microtrauma of vulvar and vaginal epithelium. […] Postpartum dyspareunia is a common and under-reported disorder. […] Dyspareunia is a common presenting symptom in women with vaginal atrophy.

• #19 11 Common Causes of Painful Sex

  https://www.theoriginway.com/blog/what-no-one-tells-you-about-painful-sex-dyspareunia

  With endometriosis, dyspareunia is often felt deep in the pelvis, and pain can intensify as the endometriosis progresses. […] Deep dyspareunia and pelvic pain are sometimes accompanied by pressure in the pelvis and a frequency and urgency to pee. […] With PID, many people are asymptomatic at first but as symptoms progress, one may experience: fever/chills, belly pain, fatigue, heavier and more painful periods, and an unusual and odorous vaginal discharge. […] Vulvodynia describes pain that’s felt in the tissues of the vulva and isn’t related to any another medical condition. […] Vaginismus is another pelvic pain condition that describes pain during or before penetrative sex. […] Different infections may cause painful sex, along with symptoms like bloating, itching, bleeding, and others.

• #19 11 Common Causes of Painful Sex

  https://www.theoriginway.com/blog/what-no-one-tells-you-about-painful-sex-dyspareunia

  The classification of primary or secondary dyspareunia describes when your symptoms started. Your dyspareunia may be described as primary if you had pain during your first experience of intercourse, and that pain stuck around. Dyspareunia is described as secondary if you had a period of comfortable, pain-free sex before your pain developed. […] Let’s get into the why behind the pain of dyspareunia. There isn’t one common cause of dyspareunia and there may even be a number of factors that are contributing. […] Pregnancy and birth put your body to the test. 85% of people that deliver vaginally will experience some amount of injury to their vaginal or vulvar tissues. […] Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus.

• #19 11 Common Causes of Painful Sex

  https://www.theoriginway.com/blog/what-no-one-tells-you-about-painful-sex-dyspareunia

  Various skin conditions may also be the cause of dyspareunia. […] The tissues in your vulva and vagina LOVE estrogen. […] Gender-affirming medical care can also lead to dyspareunia. […] There is no doubt that cancer of any kind takes its toll on your entire life, but even after beating it you are often left with side effects of treatment which can impact your life for years to come. […] Speaking of muscle-related pain with sex, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction is a common cause of dyspareunia. […] If you have pelvic pain, it’s important to calm your central nervous system and teach your brain that pain does not have to be the only outcome of movement, touch, or penetration. […] If you or a loved one experiences painful sex, its important to know: dyspareunia isnt forever.

• #19 11 Common Causes of Painful Sex

  https://www.theoriginway.com/blog/what-no-one-tells-you-about-painful-sex-dyspareunia

  At its best, penetrative sex can produce the deepest level of pleasure. But if you have a form of pelvic floor dysfunction called dyspareunia, even the thought of something entering your vagina can cause pain and anxiety. Despite its obscure name, dyspareunia (pronounced dis-puh-ROO-nee-uh) is not a rare disorder it’s estimated that 1 in 5 women in the U.S. experience painful sex at some point in their lives. […] The impact of dyspareunia extends far beyond the bedroom. It can lead to chronic anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and poor body image. Uncovering the cause of dyspareunia can be tricky, and it may feel nearly impossible to find a provider who takes your symptoms seriously, much less knows how to treat it. […] Dyspareunia can feel a little different for everyone. It can produce a throbbing or dull ache, a sharp, stabbing pain, or anything in between. Symptoms may occur consistently with initial penetration and then subside, they may continue at a constant level the entire time, or they may even intensify during sex and linger for hours after.

• #20 A Look at the Different Causes of Dyspareunia (Painful Sex)

  https://drbevanbrown.com.au/look-different-causes-dyspareunia-painful-sex/

  Dyspareunia is the term used to describe pain before, during or after vaginal intercourse, or more simply, painful sex. […] Painful intercourse can be caused by a wide range of issues and conditions, both psychological and physiological, and many women experience it at some point in their lives. […] Lets take a look at the common causes of dyspareunia. […] A lack of lubrication is one of the most common causes of dyspareunia. […] Irritation due to an infection (like an UTI or STI) or skin disorder (such as eczema or thrush) can cause pain during intercourse. […] Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a chronic pain disorder in the vagina, causing constant pain of varying intensity. […] An allergic reaction to contraceptive foams, lubrication or to latex condoms can result in pain during intercourse.

• #21 Endometriosis Symptoms: Painful Sex (Dyspareunia) | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/painful-sex-dyspareunia

  The third predominant symptom of endometriosis is painful sex (dyspareunia). Patients with endometriosis often find themselves experiencing physical pain when engaging in sex, which is a very personal note for patients to express to their gynecologist. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account as it can help determine the level of pain and the anatomical location to which endometriosis lesions are located. […] Pain with sex (dyspareunia) occurs due to fibrosis and inflammation forming around the posterior cul-de-sac. The mobility and expansion of the upper vagina that normally occurs during intercourse thus becomes much more painful and irritating. […] The pain caused by endometriosis during sex is deep; it comes from the inflammation and fibrosis fusing the front wall of the rectum to the back wall of the vagina.

• #21 Endometriosis Symptoms: Painful Sex (Dyspareunia) | EndoFound

  https://www.endofound.org/painful-sex-dyspareunia

  Even a couple who has had a strong relationship for several years can face struggles if the disease causes the frequency of sex to diminish. This is another reason why diagnosing and treating endometriosis early is so important. […] For men and women whose partners are suffering from endometriosis, it is thus crucial to support their loved one.

• #22 Endometriosis and Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia)

  https://drseckin.com/painful-sex-and-endometriosis/

  Dyspareunia is the medical term used to define painful sex. It is one of the most common symptoms of endometriosis and yet the one many patients and doctors find most uncomfortable to discuss, causing emotional distress and strain on relationships. […] According to a study published in the journal Reproductive Sciences, about two-thirds of women with endometriosis have some sexual dysfunction, including pain during sex. […] Endometriosis occurs when tissue resembling the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. These misplaced growths can cause inflammation and scarring. During sex, the endometriotic lesions and nodules can be stretched and pulled and cause pain. […] Another cause of pain during sex could be vaginal dryness. This can result from hormonal treatments a woman with endometriosis may be taking to reduce the symptoms of the condition. Oopherectomy or the removal of the ovaries, which is sometimes performed to treat endometriosis can also cause vaginal dryness. This occurs because the removal of the ovaries reduces circulating estrogen levels, which in turn can lead to vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse.

• #22 Endometriosis and Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia)

  https://drseckin.com/painful-sex-and-endometriosis/

  Sometimes, pain may persist after surgery due to a patients fear of intercourse-related pain. It is very easy to tense up when you are used to having this pain. Tightening the pelvic floor, however, can cause further pain even though the stimulus or disease is gone. […] A counselor or sex therapist may also be able to help couples navigate through the situation.

• #23 Dyspareunia (pain having sex) — Womens Health Group

  https://www.womenshealthgroup.ie/dyspareunia-pain-having-sex

  The condition of Endometriosis is caused where small pieces of the uterine lining (womb) embed themselves in another part of the body. […] Ovarian cysts can bring about pain while having sexual intercourse since the ovaries can be bumped by the penis during sex which can make the cysts leak fluid. […] Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) growths in the womb’s muscle, which can make the womb quite large. […] Some women’s wombs tilt backward as opposed to forward; meaning the ovaries fall backward as well. […] During sex, the bowel can be shifted and knocked. […] PID is the infection and swelling of women’s reproductive organs (fallopian tubes, womb and occasionally the ovaries). […] Dyspareunia and its symptoms (discomfort in the pelvis during or following intercourse) can be distressing and demoralising.

• #24 Pain During Sex: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/pain-during-intercourse-treatment

  Uterine prolapse […] Uterine prolapse is a condition in which the tissue and ligaments holding the uterus in the abdominal cavity collapse and cause your uterus to drop into the vaginal canal. […] Retroversion of the uterus […] Commonly referred to as a „tipped” uterus, retroversion of the uterus occurs when the organ tilts backward not forward. […] Many people experience painful sex, also known as dyspareunia, at some time in their sexual lives. […] If your sexual pain is ongoing or interfering with your sex life, talk to a doctor, who can examine you and perform other diagnostic tests to uncover the source of your pain. […] In perimenopause, the period that precedes menopause, levels of the reproductive hormone estrogen begin to drop. Estrogen is the hormone that keeps your vaginal lining thick and moist. It’s this drop in estrogen that leads to classic menopausal symptoms including vaginal dryness, when the lining of your vagina dries and thins (vaginal atrophy). Vaginal atrophy is one cause of painful sex.

• #24 Pain During Sex: Causes and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/pain-during-intercourse-treatment

  Pain during intercourse is common nearly 75% of women report having had painful sex at some point. However, frequent and lasting pain during sex should not be considered normal. Long-term pain with sex could indicate a gynecological problem, problems with your body’s sexual response, or disinterest in sex. […] Medical professionals refer to painful sex as dyspareunia. Dyspareunia can be felt inside or outside your reproductive tract before, during, or after sex. If your sexual pain is severe or persists, it’s important to tell your partner and see a doctor. […] What Causes Painful Vaginal Intercourse? […] Vaginal atrophy […] This happens when the lining of your vagina gets thinner and drier. The condition is common during perimenopause and menopause when estrogen levels drop, but younger people may experience it after cancer treatment or removal of their ovaries.

• #25 Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia) – Giggles – Giggles

  http://giggles.co.in/departments/painful-intercourse-dyspareunia/

  Surgical procedures: Surgeries done around the genital area can cause scarring. For example, scarring from pelvis surgery or hysterectomy can also cause pain during intercourse. […] Medical treatments: Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal medications, and antidepressants can also cause Dyspareunia. […] Vaginal dryness, Infections, Congenital birth defects: Certain birth issues like vaginal agenesis or an imperforate hymen could also cause Dyspareunia. […] Our doctors at Women Hospital in Vizag will carefully evaluate your medical history, go over symptoms, and order tests to investigate the cause of the issue so it can be successfully treated.

• #26 Dyspareunia (Painful Sex) – Your Pelvic Floor

  https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/conditions/dyspareunia/

  Vulvodynia/Vestibulitis is a chronic localized pain syndrome of the vulva, labia, and vaginal opening. […] Causes include skin disorders that result in irritation (e.g., lichen sclerosus) and/or scarring of the vulvar tissue, trauma following surgery, childbirth, and more rarely, female circumcision or genital mutilation in some parts of the world. […] Bladder or urethral pain syndromes can cause chronic bladder and vaginal pain. […] Musculoskeletal issues can be related to increased tension of the pelvic floor muscles so that they cannot properly relax. […] Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can cause chronic pain and dyspareunia as well. […] Conditions such as endometriosis or adenomyosis should be considered in these cases. […] Local vaginal causes may be the underlying cause of sexual discomfort.

• #26 Dyspareunia (Painful Sex) – Your Pelvic Floor

  https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/conditions/dyspareunia/

  Scarring and tenderness following an episiotomy or tear during childbirth is a common cause of dyspareunia. […] The underlying cause must be determined for vulvodynia and vestibulitis. […] Treatment options vary widely based on the underlying cause(s) of the pain being experienced. […] Dyspareunia caused by pelvic pain due to endometriosis or adenomyosis can be initially suppressed with continuous hormone therapy as fluctuations in hormones can exacerbate pain. […] If found, local causes in the vagina, e.g., vaginal cyst, can be removed. […] Dyspareunia can be a chronic and frustrating condition that may require multiple visits, and treatment involving various specialists in order to adequately manage it.

• #27 Vaginismus: Dyspareunia, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15723-vaginismus

  Vaginismus can make intercourse painful (dyspareunia). […] The spasms may be mildly uncomfortable or very painful. […] Bladder infections, UTIs and yeast infections can worsen vaginismus pain. […] This condition causes painful sex (dyspareunia). People may have pain from initial penetration throughout the entire experience. […] Painful intercourse. […] You should see a doctor if you have painful sex or pain while inserting a tampon. These feelings arent normal. […] Vaginismus can affect your sex life and relationships with your partner. […] Many problems, including vaginismus, can cause painful intercourse.

• #28 How Common Is Pain During Sexual Intercourse (Dyspareunia)? | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/how-common-is-pain-during-sexual-intercourse-dyspareunia

  While infections, such as yeast infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can be a clear and treatable source of discomfort, hormonal imbalance is often neglected, especially in women. […] Women with a history of endometriosis (a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other places in the body) and interstitial cystitis (a chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain and sometimes pelvic pain) may also have symptoms of painful sex requiring pelvic floor physical therapy to assist with the relaxation of the pelvic floor. […] Painful sex can also be caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Infections under the foreskin, such as yeast infections, or STIs, such as gonorrhea or genital herpes, can cause sex to be painful.

• #29 Sexual health: When being intimate hurts – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/womens-sexual-health-when-being-intimate-hurts

  Pelvic muscles changes Women’s pelvic muscles are at an increased risk of contracting and relaxing at incorrect times due to pregnancy, childbirth, abdominal or pelvic surgeries, sports injuries, trauma or chronic constipation. This can lead to pain during intercourse. […] Physical changes Uterine fibroids and pelvic organ prolapse are examples of physical changes that can cause discomfort with certain sexual positions. Changes to your skeletal system also could cause dyspareunia, including scoliosis, lumbar spine disease and hip injuries.

• #30 Painful intercourse medical term: dyspareunia causes, treatments

  https://www.vuvatech.com/blogs/care/painful-intercourse-medical-term-dyspareunia-causes-treatments?srsltid=AfmBOoqhB4nhD7qFxtRVp909I23onQsSsJR8vDXPVegONehkYgRg5Gew

  If you experience entry pain in the vaginal genitals or anus, then this is dyspareunia outer pain. The causes of pain in the outer area may come from different conditions. Experiencing painful intercourse may come from a lack of lubrication. Dyspareunia may have a direct link to physical causes and conditions, including interstitial cystitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cyst, endometriosis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and hemorrhoids. […] The cause of painful intercourse may come from emotional factors, including psychological issues and stress. Both can wreak havoc with your sex life. Psychological problems may stem from a history of sexual abuse or experiencing a traumatic event, such as a physical assault or attack. […] Menopause is a period in a woman’s life when her reproductive years come to an end. While a normal part of the life cycle, the leading cause is plummeting estrogen levels. Living with depleted estrogen levels results in vaginal dryness for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

• #30 Painful intercourse medical term: dyspareunia causes, treatments

  https://www.vuvatech.com/blogs/care/painful-intercourse-medical-term-dyspareunia-causes-treatments?srsltid=AfmBOoqhB4nhD7qFxtRVp909I23onQsSsJR8vDXPVegONehkYgRg5Gew

  Congenital concerns can affect the genitals, vulva, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. The diagnosis may occur at birth, during puberty, or when becoming sexually active. […] This condition is uncontrollable muscle spasms in the pelvic floor muscles. It can make it impossible for any penetration from sexual activity, tampon insertion, or undergoing a gynecological exam. […] While rare, women may have a congenital abnormality that makes sexual intercourse painful, including a retroverted uterus or vaginal agenesis. Vaginal agenesis is when women have an incomplete or missing vagina. […] Thousands of people trust VuVatech dilators as one of the best home remedies for dyspareunia. In a double-blind placebo study by Physician Care Clinical Research, 80% of all participants reported a reduction in pain after undergoing treatment with VuVa magnetic vaginal dilators.

• #31 Painful Sex: Why We Need to Talk About Dyspareunia – by Hazel

  https://www.hazelhealth.com.au/the-lowdown/painful-sex-why-we-need-to-talk-about-dyspareunia

  Deep dyspareunia refers to pain during sex that is experienced deep within the pelvis during or after sexual intercourse. […] Potential causes of deep dyspareunia include pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, adenomyosis, pelvic adhesions, retroverted uterus, and IBS-related symptoms. […] Painful sex isn’t all in your head, but sometimes the cause of the physical reaction can start there. […] Psychological factors, stress factors, a history of abuse or trauma, a history of dyspareunia, and lack of arousal can all contribute to painful sex. […] During menopause, lower estrogen causes vaginal tissues to become thinner, drier, and less flexible, leading to discomfort or pain during intercourse. […] Painful sex can happen after childbirth due to trauma to the vaginal tissues and hormonal changes.

• #32 What Causes Pain After Sex? 10 Potential Reasons

  https://www.health.com/condition/sexual-health/pain-after-sex

  Chafing from penetrative sex can lead to vaginal soreness if you do not have enough lubrication or have penetrative sex before getting aroused. […] Any injury to the genitals can cause painful sex. […] Scented vaginal products, spermicides, and latex condoms can cause skin irritation that makes sex painful. […] An allergy to latex condoms can cause itching, burning, and pain that feels worse during sex. […] Endometriosis can cause deep, sharp pain inside the vagina or pelvis during or after penetrative sex. […] You may have pain and soreness during and after sex if you have a vagina and your partner has a very thick or long penis. […] Having a retroverted uterus, or a uterus that tilts backward instead of forward, can cause pain during penetrative sex. […] It’s not uncommon to have pain during and after sex. […] Painful sex can negatively affect your mental health and cause low self-esteem or poor body image. […] Recurring painful sex can affect your mental health and relationships over time.

• #33 Dyspareunia – Painful Sex | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/dyspareunia/

  Dyspareunia is painful sex for women. Also, it causes pain during tampon use. The pain can be felt in a woman’s genitals or deep inside her pelvis. […] Dyspareunia can have many causes, including. […] Infection (such as a yeast infection, urinary tract infection) […] Injury to the vagina […] Inflammation of the vagina. The inflammation can be so bad that wearing pants can cause pain. […] Poorly fitted diaphragm or cervical cap. These are methods of birth control. […] Muscle spasms around the vagina. For some women, the pain of the spasms is so severe that sexual intercourse is impossible. […] Vaginal dryness. This dryness may be caused by menopause and changes in estrogen levels. Estrogen is a hormone. It could also be from a lack of foreplay before intercourse. […] Abnormalities inside the uterus. These could include fibroid growth, if the uterus is tilted, or if the uterus prolapses (falls) into the vagina. […] Certain conditions or infections of the ovaries […] Past surgeries. This may leave scar tissue that can cause pain. […] Endometriosis (scar tissue outside the uterus unrelated to surgery) […] Pelvic inflammatory disease […] Being tense during sex or being unable to become aroused.

• #34 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse) | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/dyspareunia

  Dyspareunia is the medical term for pain during sex. Painful intercourse can have a variety of causes, both physical and emotional. Medical conditions, structural problems in your pelvic organs and emotional factors can contribute to both types of dyspareunia. […] In some cases, pain may occur due to an allergic reaction to douches, spermicides and feminine hygiene products or a poorly fitting diaphragm or cervical cap. […] Superficial dyspareunia may occur for the following reasons: Changes related to menopause: Menopause can cause vaginal dryness, leading to painful intercourse. […] Deep dyspareunia may develop due to: Bladder diseases: These include UTIs and interstitial cystitis (a type of bladder pain). […] Some people experience painful sex if they cant get aroused or have experienced psychological trauma or a history of sexual abuse.

• #35 Here’s Why You May Keep Having Pain with Sex | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dyspareunia-symptoms

  Dyspareunia is a common sexual dysfunction involving pain during sexual activity. Treatment (and pleasure) is possible. […] Medically, the definition would be painful intercourse but can be expanded to persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during, or after [sexual] intercourse, says Aleece Fosnight, founder of Fosnight Center for Sexual Health in Asheville, North Carolina, and medical adviser to Aeroflow Urology. […] There are many different physical, emotional, and mental health-related causes of dyspareunia. […] Almost anything can cause dyspareunia, which is why its sometimes difficult to find a cause, says Fosnight. […] She notes that most causes include: stress, childbirth, a lack of understanding varied female sexual response cycles, high pelvic floor muscles, sexual trauma (including sexual assault, intimate partner violence, coercion, or trafficking), being in the mood but the body isnt responding, vaginal dryness (a side effect of lactation, menopause, anorexia, antihistamines or other medications), endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, interstitial cystitis, ovarian cysts, infections (sexually transmitted infections or urinary tract infections), birth defects, vaginismus, neuropathy or paresthesias (due to spinal cord injuries, physical trauma, herniated discs, tarlov cysts, or pudendal neuralgia).

• #35 Here’s Why You May Keep Having Pain with Sex | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dyspareunia-symptoms

  Typically, [persistently tense] pelvic floor muscles are seen with the majority of my cisfemale patients, and past anxiety, trauma, or pain has caused a holding pattern, says Fosnight. […] The muscle memory of sexual pain may also be a critical factor in causing dyspareunia. […] Many healthcare [professionals] dont validate a patients dyspareunia concern or chalk it up to being a normal process during [a given] phase in your life, she says. But dyspareunia is a true diagnosis with multiple [origins] that need to be explored fully with each patient.

• #36 Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse) Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Women’s Health Partners

  https://www.toplinemd.com/myobgynoffice/dyspareunia-painful-intercourse-causes-symptoms-treatments/

  Dyspareunia, commonly known as painful intercourse, can significantly impact one’s quality of life. […] Dyspareunia is a medical term that describes the persistent pain experienced during sexual intercourse. […] Understanding what causes pain during sex in females is crucial for effective management. Various factors contribute to dyspareunia, and they can be both physical and psychological. […] Here are some of the most common causes of painful intercourse: Infections and Inflammation: Infections of the reproductive organs, such as yeast infections or pelvic inflammatory disease, can lead to painful intercourse. Vaginal Dryness: Insufficient lubrication can cause friction during sex, resulting in discomfort. This is commonly associated with hormonal changes, especially during menopause. Structural Issues: Conditions like uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts can contribute to pain during intercourse. Pelvic Floor Disorders: Dysfunction in the muscles of the pelvic floor may lead to painful sex. These issues can arise due to childbirth, trauma, or surgery. Emotional Factors: Stress, anxiety, depression, or a history of sexual trauma can contribute to dyspareunia. Emotional well-being is closely tied to sexual health. Relationship Issues: Strained relationships or communication problems with a partner can manifest as physical discomfort during sex.

• #37 Dyspareunia – Causes, Diagnosis & Management (PDF Download)

  https://gynqi.com/dyspareunia/

  Dyspareunia is characterized by pelvic pain during sexual activity, affecting up to 20% of women and trans individuals across all age groups, manifesting as discomfort during penetrative intercourse or digital stimulation. […] Dyspareunia can lead to significant emotional stress, social isolation, decreased sexual interest, and relationship issues, with contributing factors ranging from biological (like infections and hormonal changes) to psychological and sociocultural influences. […] Dyspareunia is typically multifactorial, meaning it is the result of a combination of factors that contribute to the experience of pain. […] Biological causes of Dyspareunia can include: Gynaecological conditions (e.g., vaginitis, endometriosis), Infections (e.g., yeast or pelvic inflammatory disease), Dermatologic conditions (e.g., lichen sclerosus), Menopause (e.g., vaginal atrophy from genitourinary syndrome of menopause), Medication use (e.g., SSRI, antipsychotics, chemotherapeutic agents).

• #38 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Dyspareunia.aspx

  Dyspareunia is a medical term that is used to describe painful sexual intercourse. The condition can be defined as genital pain that occurs just before, during or after sex, and that can be caused by a plethora of medical, biological, interpersonal, psychological and socio-cultural factors. […] This condition has been associated with a negative attitude toward sexuality, as well as with lower levels of relationship adjustment. […] Dyspareunia has also been identified as one of the most common sexual complaints that women spontaneously report to their gynecologists. […] However, a study that looked primary care practices found dyspareunia in 46% of sexually active women (with the definition including pain during or after sexual intercourse). […] If dyspareunia is broadly defined as episodic pain during sexual intercourse, the percentage of affected women climbs up to 60%. […] Organic causes are sometimes the sole culprit, but psychological factors always have to be taken into account.

• #39 Dyspareunia: Etiology, presentation, and management – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37884020/

  Dyspareunia in women is a recurrent pain in the genital and/or pelvic area associated with sexual intercourse. Dyspareunia is associated with increased risk of sexual dysfunction and relationship distress, and it may impact an individual’s confidence, self-image, and self-esteem. Pain resulting from dyspareunia can be superficial or deep; it can range from intermittent to continuous and dull to sharp. […] Regardless of presentation, many women are reluctant to report symptoms to providers, making it an underreported yet common condition. The onus lies with practitioners to form trusting and safe relationships with patients in which such discussions are possible. A knowledgeable practitioner can encourage disclosure and improve outcomes for patients with dyspareunia.

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