Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/leukemia/prevention.php

  Understanding the risk factors for the various types of leukemia can provide insight into leukemia prevention strategies. […] While little is known about what exactly causes leukemia, researchers are learning more about the disease all the time and hope to establish leukemia prevention guidelines. […] Because we dont know exactly what causes leukemia, the National Cancer Institute doesnt make specific suggestions on how to prevent it. However, its always a good idea to take steps to lower your overall risk of cancer through lifestyle modification. The following guidelines may be useful for leukemia prevention: Not using any tobacco products, Not drinking alcohol, Maintaining a body mass index below 25, Being physically active every day, Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed meats.

• #1 What Causes Leukemia, Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/leukemia/risk-factors

  Is leukemia preventable? There is no confirmed way to prevent leukemia. Still, it may be possible to help reduce the risk for this type of cancer by making certain lifestyle changes and following healthy habits, including: […] Don’t smoke. Current smokers should seek help to quit. There are lots of free cessation programs available online or in the local community. Keep trying and find what works. […] Keep a healthy body weight. Lose weight if needed. Ask a doctor for advice on how to start a healthy weight loss program. […] Avoid or lower exposure to chemicals that may raise the risk for leukemia, such as benzene and formaldehyde. […] Lower any exposure to pesticides. […] Stay physically active and follow a healthy diet. Both these lifestyle elements have been proven to reduce cancer risk in general.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention: Tips, Facts, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia/leukemia-prevention

  Smoking increases your risk of multiple types of cancer, including leukemia. Never smoking or quitting smoking will lower your risk of leukemia. […] Having obesity is another risk for leukemia that you can control. Taking steps to keep a moderate weight can reduce your risk of leukemia. […] The chemicals benzene and formaldehyde are known to increase your risk of leukemia. […] These prevention tips can be used to reduce your risk of both types of acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Keep in mind that reducing your risk doesnt mean youre guaranteed not to get leukemia, but it does mean your chances are lowered. […] But you can make changes to your lifestyle to reduce your risk of leukemia. Quitting smoking and managing your weight are the best steps you can take to lower your risk. These arent guaranteed to prevent leukemia, but lowering your risk is a positive step.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Remember that while these tips can help reduce exposure to carcinogens, it’s important to maintain overall good health, including regular medical check-ups, cancer screenings, and healthy lifestyle choices. […] While exercise alone cannot guarantee prevention, it is a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle. Here’s how regular exercise can contribute to leukaemia prevention: […] Boosts the immune system: a strong immune system is crucial for identifying and eliminating cancerous cells before they can develop into leukaemia […] Reduces inflammation: regular exercise has anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce systemic inflammation in the body and potentially lowering the risk of developing leukaemia […] Enhances cardiovascular health: exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and improves heart function.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Pesticides and herbicides: such as benzene hexachloride (BHC), chlordane and glyphosate, have been associated with an increased risk of leukaemia. Agricultural workers and individuals with frequent exposure to these chemicals may be at a higher risk […] Formaldehyde: is a chemical commonly used in the manufacturing of certain building materials, household products and medical laboratories. Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde, particularly in occupational settings, has been linked to a higher incidence of leukemia, particularly myeloid leukemia. […] Carcinogens are an important step in minimizing the risk of developing various cancers, including leukemia. Here are some tips to help you reduce your exposure to carcinogens: […] Smoking: has been linked to a higher incidence of leukemia, particularly myeloid leukemia

• #1 Leukemia Risk Factors & Prevention | Banner MD Anderson

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/cancer/cancer-type/leukemia/risk-factors-and-prevention

  Factors that may increase your risk of leukemia include: […] There is no known way to prevent leukemia, but you may be able to lower your risk by: […] Not smoking or using tobacco Learn about how Banner MD Anderson can help you quit […] Avoiding exposure to pesticides, benzene, formaldehyde and other industrial chemicals […] Maintaining a healthy body weight […] Avoiding unnecessary medical radiation […] Testing your home for radon.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Minimize exposure to environmental pollutants: being aware of your surroundings and minimizing exposure to environmental pollutants such as air pollution, industrial emissions and chemical fumes. […] Practice safe food preparation: when cooking, grilling or barbecuing, be mindful of safe food preparation practices. […] Use safe household products: choose cleaning and personal care products that are free from potentially harmful chemicals. […] Filter your drinking water: install a water filter to remove potential contaminants from your water. […] Be cautious with pesticides and herbicides: if you use pesticides or herbicides in your garden or home, follow safety instructions carefully. […] Practice sun safety: protect your skin from excessive sun exposure by seeking shade, wearing protective clothing, and applying sunscreen with a high SPF regularly.

• #1 Leukemia and Infections: Prevention and When To Call Your Doctor | MyLeukemiaTeam

  https://www.myleukemiateam.com/resources/leukemia-and-infections-prevention-and-when-to-call-your-doctor

  Having any type of cancer raises the risk of infection for multiple reasons. […] That’s why it’s crucial for people with leukemia to be extra careful to avoid getting sick, especially when they’re undergoing treatment. […] If you’re undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, you should be aware that the risk of infection is higher for a period after treatment. […] Your oncologist will monitor your white blood cell levels during chemo and may prescribe antibiotics or growth factors (substances that promote growth of cells) to help prevent infections. […] Before your procedure, your doctor should review these risks with you and discuss how you can protect yourself against pathogens. […] Certain vaccines are important for people living with leukemia. […] Experts recommend yearly flu shots for both people diagnosed with cancer and their loved ones.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  The pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine is recommended for patients who recently had a blood cancer diagnosis. […] Regular monitoring via routine physical examinations at an early stage helps in cancer diagnosis. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment. […] Some screenings, such as mammograms for breast cancer or colonoscopies for colorectal cancer, can detect pre-cancerous changes or abnormalities. […] Check-ups provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to assess an individual’s personal and family medical history, lifestyle choices and potential risk factors for cancer. […] Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor individuals over time and detect any changes or abnormalities that may require further investigation or treatment.

• #1 Blood Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Measures | HCG

  https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/blood-cancer-prevention/

  Certain factors can increase ones risk of developing blood cancer. Having these risk factors does not guarantee blood cancer development; however, it does indicate a higher probability of developing it. […] The following are a few measures that may reduce the risk of blood cancer: […] While it is not possible to prevent blood cancer or achieve 100% lymphoma or leukemia prevention, it may be possible to reduce its risk with appropriate preventative measures. […] Healthy eating can be one of the effective preventative measures against blood cancer. A balanced diet provides all the essential nutrients necessary for immune and cellular functions. […] Good sleep strengthens the body’s immune system and helps it fight abnormal cell development and potentially prevent blood cancer. […] Protection from infections is important to prevent blood cancer, especially in immunocompromised patients.

• #1 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Manages stress: chronic stress has been associated with a negative impact on the immune system and may increase the risk of certain diseases, including cancer. […] Promotes healthy hormone levels: regular exercise can help regulate hormone levels in the body, including those involved in cell growth and proliferation. […] A balanced diet can contribute to overall health and potentially reduce the risk of developing leukaemia. […] Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables: can help support a healthy immune system and provide protective compounds that may help prevent cancer […] Choose whole grains: fibres, vitamins, and minerals, and have been associated with a lower risk of certain types of cancer. […] Include lean proteins: protein is important for cell growth and repair and choosing lean options can help reduce the intake of saturated fats

• #1 Can Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Avoid smoking […] Avoid exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Smoking is by far the biggest controllable risk factor for AML, and quitting offers the best chance to reduce a persons risk of AML. […] Avoiding known cancer-causing chemicals, such as benzene and formaldehyde, might lower the risk of getting AML.

• #1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Information about the prevention of cancer and the science of screening appropriate individuals at high-risk of developing cancer is gaining interest. […] The majority of cases of AML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause. The few cases associated with benzene exposure are preventable with better workplace conditions. […] Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. […] Higher levels of physical activity may reduce the incidence of some cancers. […] Workers in the chemical or petroleum industry need regular screening. Screening consists of a routine blood count, which is part of an annual physical examination.

• #1 Screening/Prevention – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/leukemia/childhood-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia/screening-prevention/

  Information about the prevention of cancer and the science of screening appropriate individuals at high-risk of developing cancer is gaining interest. […] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause. Nevertheless, it would appear that pregnant women would be prudent to take adequate quantities of folic acid and iron supplementation as needed to avoid anemia. Pregnant women should also prudently avoid any drugs that are not absolutely necessary, especially alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, mind-altering drugs, and stimulants such as amphetamines. […] The data on early infections and risk of ALL would suggest that early exposure to environmental pathogens could be of benefit in reducing several diseases.

• #1 Childhood Leukemia and Primary Prevention

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/62073

  For example, exposures to pesticides, tobacco smoke, solvents, and traffic emissions have consistently demonstrated positive associations with the risk of developing childhood leukemia. […] In contrast, intake of vitamins and folate supplementation during the preconception period or pregnancy, breastfeeding, and exposure to routine childhood infections have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. […] The evidence supporting the associations between childhood leukemia and its risk factors-including pooled analyses from around the world and systematic reviews-is strong; however, the dissemination of this knowledge to clinicians has been limited. […] To protect children’s health, it is prudent to initiate programs designed to alter exposure to well-established leukemia risk factors rather than to suspend judgment until no uncertainty remains. […] Primary prevention programs for childhood leukemia would also result in the significant co-benefits of reductions in other adverse health outcomes that are common in children, such as detriments to neurocognitive development.

• #1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. Nevertheless, an awareness of the opportunity to prevent cancer through changes in lifestyle is still under-appreciated. The overwhelming majority of cases of CML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause of this disease. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. […] High fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with a reduced risk for developing at least 10 different cancers. This may be a result of potentially protective factors such as carotenoids, folic acid, vitamin C, flavonoids, phytoestrogens and isothiocyanates. These are often referred to as antioxidants.

• #1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Higher levels of physical activity may reduce the incidence of some cancers. According to researchers at Harvard, if the entire population increased their level of physical activity by 30 minutes of brisk walking per day (or the equivalent energy expenditure in other activities), we would observe a 15% reduction in the incidence of colon cancer.

• #1 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) prevention | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/markey-cancer-center/cancer-types/cll/prevention

  Avoid using tobacco products. Tobacco has been tied to multiple cancers, and it is responsible for 90 percent of lung cancer deaths. […] Stay physically active. Your physical activity is related to risk for colon and breast cancer. Excess weight gained from inactivity increases the risk of multiple cancers. […] Limit alcohol consumption. It is important to be mindful of your alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake, even in moderate amounts, can increase the risk for colon, breast, esophageal, and oropharyngeal cancer.

• #1 Prevention of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-infections-in-patients-with-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia

  Prevention of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia […] Infections have a major impact on the clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients with CLL have underlying abnormalities in immune function related to the primary disease process in addition to defects in immune function related to the specific antileukemic therapies administered. The approach to infection prevention will be reviewed here. The immune defects related to CLL and its therapy as well as the spectrum of infectious complications are discussed separately. […] ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS […] General approach — As the immune defects caused by specific chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapies have significant impact on subsequent infectious complications, our prophylaxis recommendations vary depending upon the type of therapy used. Additional considerations that impact antimicrobial prophylaxis in individual patients are treatment status (treatment naive versus heavily pretreated) and past history of infections. There have been no randomized trials evaluating the use of prophylactic antimicrobials in patients with CLL, and there are no evidence-based guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in this population. Most recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis have been extrapolated from prophylactic regimens used in treatment trials as well as from anecdotal reports.

• #1 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10627853/

  Antibiotic prophylaxis during neutropenia periods in those undergoing chemotherapy have already been proven in adults with acute leukemias (ALs). […] Among the possible available therapeutic options for bacterial prophylaxis in children with cancer, fluoroquinolones emerged with the most amount of evidence. […] Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission; or in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). […] In order to reduce the risks related to infection in these groups of patients, systemic antibacterial prophylaxis has emerged as a possible approach. […] The likelihood of fever and neutropenia was lower in the levofloxacin prophylaxis group than in the control group in children with AL (71.2% vs. 82.1%; 95% IC, p = 0,002), as was the risk of bacteremia (21.9% vs. 43.4%; 95% IC, p = 0.01).

• #1 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10627853/

  Prophylaxis reduces infections and infection-related mortality. […] The recommendation is that antibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely used in children who are first diagnosed with ALL in the induction phase, due to the low body of evidence presented so far. […] Despite this consideration, the group suggests the use of levofloxacin as the antibiotic of choice for those patients who have severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] 500/mm3) for at least 7 days. […] The use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission, or; in children undergoing HSCT.

• #1 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far? | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.elsevier.es/pt-revista-hematology-transfusion-cell-therapy-396-articulo-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-acute-childhood-S2531137922014572

  In addition to preventing FN, levofloxacin could also be used to prevent bacteremia in AL, an important morbidity and mortality factor in these patients. […] Currently, the FN prevention is not the only implementation goal of antibiotic prophylaxis. It is also important to consider the cost-effectiveness of its use, as an episode of FN can have an important budgetary impact due to hospitalization in an ICU, use of expensive antibiotics and death. […] These data supported the publication of a guideline, in July 2020, by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) on antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The recommendation is that antibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely used in children who are first diagnosed with ALL in the induction phase, due to the low body of evidence presented so far. Despite this consideration, the group suggests the use of levofloxacin as the antibiotic of choice for those patients who have severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 500 cells/mm³) for at least 7 days.

• #1 Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Updated clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-025-02586-7

  At the 10th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL), the guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric and adult patients with hematological malignancies (HM) were updated and some changes introduced. […] Regarding high-risk MDS patients treated with azacytidine, prophylaxis with posaconazole during the first four cycles of treatment is supported in the literature. […] For patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), prophylaxis is not generally indicated. […] The expert panel proposes to endorse the use of anti-mold prophylaxis in high-risk patients during pre-infusion and post-infusion, while in low-risk patients, anti-yeast prophylaxis can be recommended (B-II). […] Moreover, patients with ALL with insufficient treatment response during induction therapy, and children older than 12y.o are now considered at high risk for IFD and are recommended to receive antifungal prophylaxis.

• #1 Clinical Practice Guidelines of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Adult Patients With Cancer-Related Immunosuppression: Update by ASCO/IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/antimicrobial-prophylaxis-for-adult-patients-with-cancer-related-immunosuppression/

  Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for patients who are at high risk of infection, including patients who are expected to have profound, protracted neutropenia, which is defined as 100 neutrophils/L for 7 days or other risk factors. […] Herpes simplex virus seropositive patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation or leukemia induction therapy should receive nucleoside analog-based antiviral prophylaxis, such as acyclovir. […] Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis is recommended for patients receiving chemotherapy regimens that are associated with a 3.5% risk for pneumonia as a result of this organism (eg, those with 20 mg prednisone equivalents daily for 1 month or on the basis of purine analog usage). […] Treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (eg, entecavir or tenofovir) is recommended for patients at high risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation. […] Recommendations for vaccination and avoidance of prolonged contact with environments that have high concentrations of airborne fungal spores are also provided within the updated guideline.

• #1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2004705-overview

  Patients with ALL have an increased chance of CNS involvement; therefore, intrathecal (IT) methotrexate is given as CNS prophylaxis. […] CNS prophylaxis consists of methotrexate 12 mg IT on day 2 and cytarabine 100 mg IT on day 8 of each cycle, or similar regimens. […] Patients with a high risk for CNS disease (mature B-cell, high proliferative index, and/or lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] level 600 U/L [normal range, 25225 U/L]) receive 16 IT methotrexate treatments. […] Patients with low LDH level and unknown proliferative index receive eight treatments of intrathecal methotrexate.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-022-01032-5

  Different intrathecal prophylaxis regimens have been explored in ALL, including triple intrathecal therapy (methotrexate, cytarabine, prednisone) which has been demonstrated to decrease CNS relapse however without improvement in EFS compared to IT methotrexate alone in pediatric ALL patients. […] In patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL however, 12 IT chemotherapy treatments has been shown to decrease the risk of CNS relapse compared to 8 and is our current practice. […] To avoid simultaneous administration of IT and high-dose systemic methotrexate during even cycles of hyperCVAD, the sequence of IT chemotherapy is reversed during even cycles. […] In a retrospective series of adults undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant for AML at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 71 had positive CSF cytology prior to transplant.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-022-01032-5

  Routine prophylaxis in AML is generally not indicated due to the overall low risk of CNS relapse, although it may be considered in certain clinical scenarios. […] Optimal CNS prophylaxis in the setting of modern induction regimens with improved CNS penetrance is unclear, though use of high-dose (HD) systemic and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy results in CNS relapse rates similar to regimens that include cranial radiation. […] The role of CNS prophylaxis was also explored in an analysis of 4 consecutive trials conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Center for patients with ALL, with (I) pre-VAD (no CNS prophylaxis), (II) VAD with high-dose systemic therapy for prophylaxis, (III) modified VAD with high dose systemic therapy for all patients and additional IT chemotherapy for high risk patients after achieving a CR, and (IV) hyperCVAD with early high dose systemic therapy and IT chemotherapy during induction.

• #1

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2024.285428

  Infections lead to substantial morbidity during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in which the adaptive immune system is severely affected, leading to declining serum immunoglobulin levels. […] Theoretically, the increased risk of infections could be partially overcome by raising the low IgG levels with supplementary intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). […] In patients with primary immunodeficiency leading to agammaglobulinemia, prophylactic administration of IVIG has been shown to be effective in preventing infections. […] Currently, it is unknown whether prophylactic administration of IVIG could prevent infections during ALL treatment. […] The trial reported here investigated the role of IVIG prophylaxis in children with newly diagnosed ALL, treated according to the DCOG ALL-11 protocol.

• #1

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2024.285428

  In conclusion, in pediatric patients with medium-risk ALL, IVIG prophylaxis was associated with significantly fewer admissions for fever with negative blood cultures during maintenance treatment, resulting in fewer courses of antibiotic treatment and fewer chemotherapy adaptations. […] Although IVIG prophylaxis did not result in the targeted 50% reduction of admissions for fever overall, it did result in significantly fewer admissions for fever with a negative blood culture, less empirical antibiotic therapy, and fewer adaptations of chemotherapy during maintenance treatment. […] IVIG prophylaxis likely prevented viral infections in our cohort of patients. […] IVIG prophylaxis was well tolerated and not associated with severe side effects, in line with previous observations, although there was a trend for more severe adverse events in the IVIG prophylaxis group. […] To conclude, in pediatric patients with medium-risk ALL, IVIG prophylaxis leads to a significant reduction of admissions for fever with negative blood cultures during maintenance treatment, and leads to a decrease in the use of empirical antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy adaptations.

• #1 Prevention & Risk Factors | Saint Francis Health System

  https://www.saintfrancis.com/services/cancer-care/conditions-treatments/leukemia/prevention-risk-factors

  There is no proven way to prevent most types of leukemia. And, to date there are no standardized screening tests that have been shown to improve leukemia outcomes. However, the oncology specialists at the Saint Francis Cancer Center continually work to develop screening tests for those at risk. […] Nonetheless, studies indicate some types of leukemia may be prevented by avoiding high doses of radiation, exposure to the chemical benzene, smoking and other tobacco use, or certain types of chemotherapy used to treat other types of cancer.

• #1 Blood Cancer Detection and Prevention Tips

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/b/blood-cancer

  Unfortunately, there is no such thing as an early detection screening for blood cancer. Instead, a close relationship with your primary care provider including annual physical exams and recommended lab work is the primary way to catch it early. […] Because many blood cancers are only obvious when the condition has progressed significantly, and because there is no particular set of symptoms to look out for, regular monitoring by your primary care provider can truly be the only way to notice subtle changes in your health that could indicate a hematologic malignancy. […] Since there isnt an easy way to screen for blood cancers, the best thing to do is to see your primary care provider regularly for annual checks-ups and lab work.

• #1 Demystifying Blood Cancer: Causes, Prevention, and More | AUC School of Medicine

  https://www.aucmed.edu/about/blog/what-causes-blood-cancer

  Unfortunately, there is no surefire way to prevent blood cancer as its underlying cause is still undetermined. However, the earlier cancer is caught and treated, the higher a patient’s chances of having a positive outcome. […] The best prevention plan is regular check-ups which will help identify any potential issues before they grow out of control. People who have experienced radiation exposure, excessive smoking, or a weakened immune system should pay extra attention to their health. […] It is important for individuals to remain informed about cancer and its symptoms, so they can quickly get proper medical attention. Early detection and treatment could mean the difference between life and death. […] Although there are many questions surrounding the cause of blood cancer, regular check-ups and medical screenings are vital for detecting any irregularities before they become serious. As the medical field makes further strides in cancer research, hopefully we will have more information on how to prevent blood cancer and ensure successful treatment for those suffering from it.

• #1 Blood Cancer Risk & Prevention – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/blood-cancers/risk-prevention

  University of Chicago Medicine physicians are leaders in the study of familial risk for blood cancers (hematologic malignancies). […] Our Hematologic Malignancies Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic offers personalized risk assessment for patients and families who may be at increased risk for developing cancers of the blood due to genetic factors. Our services include: […] Cancer prevention counseling and strategies. […] Evaluation and risk assessment are offered for individuals or families who have the following in their medical history: […] A personal history of a blood cancer with one or more relatives who also have blood cancers. […] A known familial MDS/acute leukemia syndrome such as: Familial platelet disorder with propensity for myeloid malignancies (RUNX1 mutation). […] Familial MDS/AML due to GATA2 mutation. […] Familial AML due to CEBPA mutation.

• #1 Exploring Leukemia Types and Proactive Prevention Measures

  https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/exploring-leukemia-types-and-proactive-prevention-measures-TtO0.php?article_id=24992

  Leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, is a complex and diverse group of diseases that requires a nuanced understanding for effective prevention and management. […] Knowledge is a powerful tool in preventing leukemia. Understanding the risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, exposure to certain chemicals, and a compromised immune system, empowers individuals to make informed lifestyle choices and seek appropriate screenings. […] Adopting a healthy lifestyle is a cornerstone of leukemia prevention. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. […] For individuals with a family history of leukemia or specific genetic predispositions, genetic counseling and testing can provide valuable insights. Identifying genetic factors allows for personalized risk assessment and tailored preventive measures.

• #1 RTFCCR/LLS Patient-Focused Prevention guidelines | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society

  https://www.lls.org/research/rtfccrlls-patient-focused-prevention-guidelines

  The Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical Cancer Research and the Leukemia Lymphoma Society partner in an international competitive grant to advance breakthroughs in prevention for blood cancers. […] Examine the use of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, or life-style changes as prevention of blood cancer onset, progression to full blown disease, or relapse. […] Develop and apply sensitive minimally invasive methods to detect precursor conditions before disease onset or sustained after successful therapy. […] Use experimental systems to identify safe and effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate mutant clones early in disease stages or prevent recurrence of disease that could justify a clinical trial in prevention. […] Develop novel strategies to remove / deactivate tumor drivers that initiate, or predispose to, disease onset and/or develop novel approaches, such as synthetic lethality, to achieve the same goal.

• #1 Tertiary Prevention and Treatment for Reducing Leukemia Relapse

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/tertiary-prevention-and-treatment-for-reducing-leukemia-relapse

  Given the nature of leukemia, it is difficult to follow the standards of each level of prevention perfectly. However, the primary and tertiary levels have been substantially addressed. […] It is recommended that high doses of radiation, exposure to benzene, smoking or other tobacco use, and obesity/obesity-related lifestyles be avoided to decrease ones chances of developing leukemia. […] During an initial review, we found a relative lack of literature pertaining to the tertiary prevention of leukemia, particularly on methods or treatments for reducing the risk of its relapse. […] Although we found limited information in our literature search specific to tertiary prevention of leukemia and its relapse, we understand the potential bias of the search strategy we used in terms of the possibility of missing relevant articles with the limited data sources we searched. However, continuing research into more innovative treatments is needed to prolong the lifespan for all patients with leukemia. Further, we call for more research on immunotherapies to explore their effectiveness in tertiary and quaternary prevention of leukemias in populations of even more diverse age groups, including the elderly.

• #2 What Causes Leukemia, Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/leukemia/risk-factors

  Is leukemia preventable? There is no confirmed way to prevent leukemia. Still, it may be possible to help reduce the risk for this type of cancer by making certain lifestyle changes and following healthy habits, including: […] Don’t smoke. Current smokers should seek help to quit. There are lots of free cessation programs available online or in the local community. Keep trying and find what works. […] Keep a healthy body weight. Lose weight if needed. Ask a doctor for advice on how to start a healthy weight loss program. […] Avoid or lower exposure to chemicals that may raise the risk for leukemia, such as benzene and formaldehyde. […] Lower any exposure to pesticides. […] Stay physically active and follow a healthy diet. Both these lifestyle elements have been proven to reduce cancer risk in general.

• #2 Leukemia Awareness and Prevention | Leukemia | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/leukemia/leukemia-awareness-and-prevention/

  Leukemia occurs most often in adults older than 55, but it is also the most common cancer in children younger than 15. At UT Southwestern Medical Centers Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, were focused on early detection of leukemia, which can be critical to successful treatment and management. […] There is no known way to prevent leukemia, but avoiding tobacco and exposure to pesticides and industrial chemicals might help.

• #2 Prevention & Risk Factors | Saint Francis Health System

  https://www.saintfrancis.com/services/cancer-care/conditions-treatments/leukemia/prevention-risk-factors

  There is no proven way to prevent most types of leukemia. And, to date there are no standardized screening tests that have been shown to improve leukemia outcomes. However, the oncology specialists at the Saint Francis Cancer Center continually work to develop screening tests for those at risk. […] Nonetheless, studies indicate some types of leukemia may be prevented by avoiding high doses of radiation, exposure to the chemical benzene, smoking and other tobacco use, or certain types of chemotherapy used to treat other types of cancer.

• #2 Can Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Avoid smoking […] Avoid exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Smoking is by far the biggest controllable risk factor for AML, and quitting offers the best chance to reduce a persons risk of AML. […] Avoiding known cancer-causing chemicals, such as benzene and formaldehyde, might lower the risk of getting AML.

• #2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) prevention | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/markey-cancer-center/cancer-types/cll/prevention

  Avoid using tobacco products. Tobacco has been tied to multiple cancers, and it is responsible for 90 percent of lung cancer deaths. […] Stay physically active. Your physical activity is related to risk for colon and breast cancer. Excess weight gained from inactivity increases the risk of multiple cancers. […] Limit alcohol consumption. It is important to be mindful of your alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake, even in moderate amounts, can increase the risk for colon, breast, esophageal, and oropharyngeal cancer.

• #2 Reducing your risk for leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/leukemia/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing leukemia by doing the following. […] Not smoking is the best way to lower your risk of leukemia. Dont start smoking. If you smoke, get help to quit. Quitting smoking lowers your risk of leukemia. […] Some studies have shown that overweight and obesity may increase your risk of leukemia. You may lower your risk by having a healthy body weight. Eating well and being physically active can help you have a healthy body weight. […] Avoid or lower your long-term contact with benzene and formaldehyde to reduce your risk of leukemia.

• #2 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Higher levels of physical activity may reduce the incidence of some cancers. According to researchers at Harvard, if the entire population increased their level of physical activity by 30 minutes of brisk walking per day (or the equivalent energy expenditure in other activities), we would observe a 15% reduction in the incidence of colon cancer.

• #2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. Nevertheless, an awareness of the opportunity to prevent cancer through changes in lifestyle is still under-appreciated. […] The majority of cases of AML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause. The few cases associated with benzene exposure are preventable with better workplace conditions. The exact number of cases of AML that could be prevented by avoiding exposure to automobiles is unknown, but this is impractical for the majority of people. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. Numerous studies have provided a wealth of often-contradictory information about the detrimental and protective factors of different foods.

• #2 Childhood Leukemia and Primary Prevention

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/62073

  For example, exposures to pesticides, tobacco smoke, solvents, and traffic emissions have consistently demonstrated positive associations with the risk of developing childhood leukemia. […] In contrast, intake of vitamins and folate supplementation during the preconception period or pregnancy, breastfeeding, and exposure to routine childhood infections have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. […] The evidence supporting the associations between childhood leukemia and its risk factors-including pooled analyses from around the world and systematic reviews-is strong; however, the dissemination of this knowledge to clinicians has been limited. […] To protect children’s health, it is prudent to initiate programs designed to alter exposure to well-established leukemia risk factors rather than to suspend judgment until no uncertainty remains. […] Primary prevention programs for childhood leukemia would also result in the significant co-benefits of reductions in other adverse health outcomes that are common in children, such as detriments to neurocognitive development.

• #2 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Regular medical check-ups, awareness of personal risk factors, and early detection are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of leukaemia. Lifestyle modifications including weight control, quitting smoking, managing hypercholesterolemia, and increased physical activity reduce the risk factors. […] While the exact causes of leukaemia can be complex and varied, certain carcinogens are identified as potential carcinogens linked to the development of leukaemia. Here are some common carcinogens associated with leukaemia: […] Benzene: is a chemical compound found in gasoline, tobacco smoke, solvents and various industrial products. Prolonged exposure to high levels of benzene is known to increase the risk of developing leukaemia, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) […] Ionizing radiation: such as X-rays, gamma rays, and certain radioactive materials, have been linked to an increased risk of leukaemia

• #2 Explore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Prevention Risk factors and Prevention Measures at HCG Oncology

  https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-prevention/

  Maintaining a healthy body weight and making efforts to lose weight if required may also play an important role in possible leukemia prevention. […] Staying physically active with regular exercises is also found to help lower the risk of developing ALL. […] Minimizing exposure to environmental pollutants can contribute to possible acute lymphoblastic leukemia prevention. […] Having a nutritious and balanced diet can surely contribute to possible acute lymphoblastic leukemia prevention. […] It is advised to drink only filtered water as an acute lymphoblastic leukemia prevention measure. […] Staying up-to-date with vaccinations helps strengthen a person’s immune system and lower the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. […] It is highly recommended to practice appropriate sun safety measures for high-risk ALL prevention. […] Understanding the prevention and risk factors for ALL can greatly help in increasing the high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia survival rate among patients.

• #2 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Reduce red and processed meats: high intake of these meats has been linked with a higher chance of developing certain malignancies, including leukaemia […] Limit added sugars and refined carbohydrates: minimizing the intake of sugary drinks, sweets, desserts and processed foods high in added sugars. […] Limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are crucial steps in reducing the risk of developing leukaemia. […] Heavy alcohol consumption has been linked with a higher chance of leukaemia, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). […] Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for several types of cancer, including leukaemia. […] Vaccines that are made to prevent leukaemia do not prevent the same way as modern vaccine therapy prevents diseases such as polio or measles. […] The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in the US CDC recommends influenza shots for cancer patients or survivors or any person who had direct contact with cancer patients every year.

• #2 Leukemia and Infections: Prevention and When To Call Your Doctor | MyLeukemiaTeam

  https://www.myleukemiateam.com/resources/leukemia-and-infections-prevention-and-when-to-call-your-doctor

  Additionally, getting vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia may be a good idea. […] Ask your health care provider which vaccines can help protect your health. […] Basic hygiene can go a long way toward keeping you safe from infection. […] Tips include: Avoid people who are sick. […] Discuss recommendations for dental hygiene with your health care provider. […] People with leukemia or another condition that affects the immune system should contact their health care provider right away at any sign of infection. […] Even if treatment isn’t required, monitoring the situation early can prevent it from getting out of hand. […] With the guidance and support of your health care team, you can get back on the route to recovery.

• #2 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Manages stress: chronic stress has been associated with a negative impact on the immune system and may increase the risk of certain diseases, including cancer. […] Promotes healthy hormone levels: regular exercise can help regulate hormone levels in the body, including those involved in cell growth and proliferation. […] A balanced diet can contribute to overall health and potentially reduce the risk of developing leukaemia. […] Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables: can help support a healthy immune system and provide protective compounds that may help prevent cancer […] Choose whole grains: fibres, vitamins, and minerals, and have been associated with a lower risk of certain types of cancer. […] Include lean proteins: protein is important for cell growth and repair and choosing lean options can help reduce the intake of saturated fats

• #2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  No, you cant prevent acute myeloid leukemia. Experts know that genetic mutations cause acute myeloid leukemia but they dont know what triggers them. They do know about risk factors that may cause AML. Risk factors you can modify include: […] Smoking, including exposure to second-hand smoke. If you smoke, try to quit. If you live or work around someone who smokes, try to limit how much time you spend with them when theyre smoking. […] Long-term exposure to certain carcinogenic chemicals, particularly benzene and formaldehyde. If you work around these carcinogens, be sure you follow all safety precautions, such as wearing protective clothing.

• #2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia-screening-prevention/

  Information about the prevention of cancer and the science of screening appropriate individuals at high-risk of developing cancer is gaining interest. […] Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. Nevertheless, an awareness of the opportunity to prevent cancer through changes in lifestyle is still under-appreciated. […] The majority of cases of AML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause. The few cases associated with benzene exposure are preventable with better workplace conditions. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. […] High fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with a reduced risk for developing at least 10 different cancers. […] Higher levels of physical activity may reduce the incidence of some cancers. […] Workers in the chemical or petroleum industry need regular screening. Screening consists of a routine blood count, which is part of an annual physical examination.

• #2 Explore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Prevention Risk factors and Prevention Measures at HCG Oncology

  https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-prevention/

  There is no known way to achieve complete acute lymphoblastic leukemia prevention, as we are not fully aware of the causes of this condition. […] However, we do know that ALL is more common among children between the ages of 2 and 5, progresses rapidly, and will require immediate medical attention. […] That said, we have identified a few factors that can increase the risk of ALL and a few preventive measures that may help reduce the risk of this condition. […] Being aware of the different acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk factors can help in reducing ones chances of developing ALL. […] Here are certain relevant acute lymphoblastic leukemia prevention measures that one can adopt to reduce the risk of developing cancer. […] As tobacco consumption is considered a major risk factor for ALL, doctors advise avoiding tobacco smoking as a measure for possible leukemia prevention.

• #2 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Information about the prevention of cancer and the science of screening appropriate individuals at high-risk of developing cancer is gaining interest. […] Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. Nevertheless, an awareness of the opportunity to prevent cancer through changes in lifestyle is still under-appreciated. The overwhelming majority of cases of CML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause of this disease. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. […] High fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with a reduced risk for developing at least 10 different cancers.

• #2 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Higher levels of physical activity may reduce the incidence of some cancers. […] Researchers continue to study which characteristics or exposures are associated with an increased risk for various cancers, allowing for the use of more effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10627853/

  Antibiotic prophylaxis during neutropenia periods in those undergoing chemotherapy have already been proven in adults with acute leukemias (ALs). […] Among the possible available therapeutic options for bacterial prophylaxis in children with cancer, fluoroquinolones emerged with the most amount of evidence. […] Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission; or in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). […] In order to reduce the risks related to infection in these groups of patients, systemic antibacterial prophylaxis has emerged as a possible approach. […] The likelihood of fever and neutropenia was lower in the levofloxacin prophylaxis group than in the control group in children with AL (71.2% vs. 82.1%; 95% IC, p = 0,002), as was the risk of bacteremia (21.9% vs. 43.4%; 95% IC, p = 0.01).

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis: a chance to reduce infections during childhood leukemia treatment | Zaj | Acta Haematologica Polonica

  https://journals.viamedica.pl/acta_haematologica_polonica/article/view/AHP.a2023.0012

  Antibiotic prophylaxis: a chance to reduce infections during childhood leukemia treatment […] Literature data shows that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces bacteremia and improves outcomes of adult patients during aggressive chemotherapy. However, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric cancer is still controversial. There is a lack of evidence regarding its effectiveness and the best choice of antibiotic. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on antibiotic prophylaxis in children with leukemia undergoing intensive chemotherapy, considering also antibiotic efficacy and resistance. […] However, despite the improvement in cure rates, the most common and serious complications during antileukemic treatment are infections, mainly bacterial. Literature data shows that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces bacteremia and improves outcomes of adult patients during aggressive chemotherapy. However, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric cancer is still controversial, and there is a lack of clear evidence of its effectiveness and the best choice of antibiotic.

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis: a chance to reduce infections during childhood leukemia treatment | Zaj | Acta Haematologica Polonica

  https://journals.viamedica.pl/acta_haematologica_polonica/article/view/AHP.a2023.0012

  Many studies have shown that the prophylactic use of levofloxacin in patients with ALL and AML has resulted in a significant reduction in bacteremia. On the other hand, increasing bacterial resistance is a major concern with prophylaxis. The introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with an increased risk of fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative strains development, which has been demonstrated among patients receiving fluoroquinolone prophylaxis. […] The main challenge during leukemia treatment is an increased risk of infection incidents, mainly bacterial, which can lead to treatment failure. Several studies have shown that the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones reduces bacteremia episodes during the treatment of ALL and AML in children. Despite potential negative side effects and antibiotic resistance related to fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, numerous benefits appear to outweigh the disadvantages. For this reason, it may be used as a potent treatment agent in the future and be introduced to the standard treatment of ALL and AML. Larger, randomized trials are needed to confirm the long-term effectiveness of these antibiotics.

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far? | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.htct.com.br/en-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-acute-childhood-articulo-S2531137922014572

  Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far? […] In order to reduce the infection-related risks in these groups of patients, systemic antibacterial prophylaxis has emerged as a possible approach. […] Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission; or in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). […] The desirable characteristics for an antibiotic to be used as prophylaxis in pediatrics are a broad spectrum of action, good bioavailability, bactericidal activity, oral formulation with good tolerability, few adverse effects, low induction of resistance and low cost.

• #2 Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far? | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.htct.com.br/en-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-acute-childhood-articulo-S2531137922014572

  Despite the few studies with FQs, some results were important to guide further research in this class of antibiotics. […] Prophylaxis reduces infections and infection-related mortality. […] The recommendation is that antibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely used in children who are first diagnosed with ALL in the induction phase, due to the low body of evidence presented so far. […] Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission, or; in children undergoing HSCT. […] More studies are necessary to demonstrate the real benefits of using levofloxacin and/or other antibiotics as antimicrobial prophylaxis.

• #2 Effects of Levofloxacin Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2023-issues/august-2023-vol-13-no-4/effects-of-levofloxacin-prophylaxis-in-pediatric-patients-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia-relapsed-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-or-patients-undergoing-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplant

  Prophylactic antibiotics are often used in pediatric patients for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and for those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) who are receiving intensive chemotherapy. […] To prevent infections, prophylactic antibiotics are often used during periods of neutropenia in pediatric patients with AML, relapsed ALL, and those undergoing autologous or allogeneic HSCT. […] IDSA recommends the consideration of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis in children with AML and relapsed ALL if they are receiving intensive chemotherapy that is expected to result in severe neutropenia, which is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 500 cells/L for at least 7 days. […] If the decision is made to initiate prophylactic antibiotics, IDSA strongly recommends levofloxacin over other fluoroquinolones because it has adequate coverage of viridans streptococci and Pseudomonas species.

• #2 Updated guidelines on antifungal prophylaxis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia

  https://aml-hub.com/medical-information/updated-guidelines-on-antifungal-prophylaxis-in-adult-patients-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and receiving intensive chemotherapy treatment are at high risk of invasive fungal disease. […] While antifungal prophylaxis is strongly recommended during remission induction chemotherapy, optimal management of fungal disease in patients receiving novel targeted treatments is uncertain. […] The strength of evidence for antifungal prophylaxis is low and is not generally recommended for adult patients receiving azacitidine monotherapy. Antifungal prophylaxis may be considered; however, it should be limited to patients with neutropenia at treatment initiation, or those who have received intensive chemotherapy. […] Standard prophylaxis is not recommended but may be considered for patients with neutropenia at treatment initiation, or those who have received intensive chemotherapy.

• #2 Updated guidelines on antifungal prophylaxis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia

  https://aml-hub.com/medical-information/updated-guidelines-on-antifungal-prophylaxis-in-adult-patients-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Treatment with a triazole is generally recommended for patients with AML, with posaconazole being the preferred therapeutic. However, the individual medical history of the patient, including previous chemotherapy, duration of neutropenia, and previous history of fungal disease should always be considered prior to prophylaxis.

• #2 Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Updated clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-025-02586-7

  The new recommendation for these patients is therefore to use antimold prophylaxis during the first 4 cycles of azacytidine treatment (B-IIu). […] Antifungal prophylaxis is not routinely recommended in CLL patients (D-III) but may be considered in selected refractory cases with prolonged neutropenia or BTKIs therapy (C-II). […] Routine antifungal prophylaxis is thus not recommended in myeloma patients, regardless of treatment with bispecific antibodies (D-II). […] Antifungal prophylaxis is not routinely recommended in patients with NHL (D-II) but might be considered in selected patients with refractory lymphoma and/or repeated intensive chemotherapies with neutropenia or high dose steroids or BTKI therapy (C-II). […] In line with previous recommendations, routine antifungal prophylaxis is not recommended (D-II).

• #2 Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Updated clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-025-02586-7

  The use of isavuconazole as primary antifungal prophylaxis in allo-HSCT recipients has been reported in two prospective open-label studies. […] The panel endorses the proposal of Garner et al., published after the EBMT/ASTCT recommendations, and integrating new data not available at the time of publication of the EBMT/ASTCT recommendations. […] Mold-active antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for pediatric patients at high risk of IFD (incidence 10%), encompassing a subgroup of children with ALL, though their specific risk profile is less precisely defined. […] Consequently, older children (12 years) with ALL and those with insufficient treatment response are identified as being at elevated risk for IFD and are now recommended to receive antifungal prophylaxis.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-022-01032-5

  Improvements in systemic therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved patient outcomes and reduced the incidence of CNS relapse. […] In addition to treatment with CNS-penetrant systemic therapy (high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine), intrathecal prophylaxis is indicated in all patients with ALL, however is not uniformly administered in patients with AML without high-risk features. […] In adult patients with ALL, 47% will have CNS involvement at diagnosis compared to approximately 13% in AML. […] In the absence of CNS prophylaxis, over 30% of patients with ALL who achieve a complete response may develop CNS relapse, and risk has decreased in the modern era with better systemic control of disease. […] Therefore, particularly in the setting of ALL, identifying the patients at greatest risk for CNS involvement who may benefit from prophylaxis is of critical importance.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11864-022-01032-5

  Routine prophylaxis in AML is generally not indicated due to the overall low risk of CNS relapse, although it may be considered in certain clinical scenarios. […] Optimal CNS prophylaxis in the setting of modern induction regimens with improved CNS penetrance is unclear, though use of high-dose (HD) systemic and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy results in CNS relapse rates similar to regimens that include cranial radiation. […] The role of CNS prophylaxis was also explored in an analysis of 4 consecutive trials conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Center for patients with ALL, with (I) pre-VAD (no CNS prophylaxis), (II) VAD with high-dose systemic therapy for prophylaxis, (III) modified VAD with high dose systemic therapy for all patients and additional IT chemotherapy for high risk patients after achieving a CR, and (IV) hyperCVAD with early high dose systemic therapy and IT chemotherapy during induction.

• #2

  https://haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2024.285428

  In conclusion, in pediatric patients with medium-risk ALL, IVIG prophylaxis was associated with significantly fewer admissions for fever with negative blood cultures during maintenance treatment, resulting in fewer courses of antibiotic treatment and fewer chemotherapy adaptations. […] Although IVIG prophylaxis did not result in the targeted 50% reduction of admissions for fever overall, it did result in significantly fewer admissions for fever with a negative blood culture, less empirical antibiotic therapy, and fewer adaptations of chemotherapy during maintenance treatment. […] IVIG prophylaxis likely prevented viral infections in our cohort of patients. […] IVIG prophylaxis was well tolerated and not associated with severe side effects, in line with previous observations, although there was a trend for more severe adverse events in the IVIG prophylaxis group. […] To conclude, in pediatric patients with medium-risk ALL, IVIG prophylaxis leads to a significant reduction of admissions for fever with negative blood cultures during maintenance treatment, and leads to a decrease in the use of empirical antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy adaptations.

• #2 Blood Cancer Detection and Prevention Tips

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/b/blood-cancer

  Unfortunately, there is no such thing as an early detection screening for blood cancer. Instead, a close relationship with your primary care provider including annual physical exams and recommended lab work is the primary way to catch it early. […] Because many blood cancers are only obvious when the condition has progressed significantly, and because there is no particular set of symptoms to look out for, regular monitoring by your primary care provider can truly be the only way to notice subtle changes in your health that could indicate a hematologic malignancy. […] Since there isnt an easy way to screen for blood cancers, the best thing to do is to see your primary care provider regularly for annual checks-ups and lab work.

• #2 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  The pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine is recommended for patients who recently had a blood cancer diagnosis. […] Regular monitoring via routine physical examinations at an early stage helps in cancer diagnosis. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment. […] Some screenings, such as mammograms for breast cancer or colonoscopies for colorectal cancer, can detect pre-cancerous changes or abnormalities. […] Check-ups provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to assess an individual’s personal and family medical history, lifestyle choices and potential risk factors for cancer. […] Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor individuals over time and detect any changes or abnormalities that may require further investigation or treatment.

• #2 Exploring Leukemia Types and Proactive Prevention Measures

  https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/exploring-leukemia-types-and-proactive-prevention-measures-TtO0.php?article_id=24992

  Leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, is a complex and diverse group of diseases that requires a nuanced understanding for effective prevention and management. […] Knowledge is a powerful tool in preventing leukemia. Understanding the risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, exposure to certain chemicals, and a compromised immune system, empowers individuals to make informed lifestyle choices and seek appropriate screenings. […] Adopting a healthy lifestyle is a cornerstone of leukemia prevention. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. […] For individuals with a family history of leukemia or specific genetic predispositions, genetic counseling and testing can provide valuable insights. Identifying genetic factors allows for personalized risk assessment and tailored preventive measures.

• #2 RTFCCR/LLS Cancer Prevention Research Grant for Blood Cancer | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society

  https://www.lls.org/rtfccrlls-cancer-prevention-research-grant-blood-cancer

  The grant is focused on addressing four critical topics and is endowed with a total of USD $3M. […] These grants aspire to advance clinical cancer research worldwide that aims to prevent blood cancers from either occurring initially in healthy individuals (no neoplasm detected), advancing to full-blown blood cancers in patients with benign conditions, or blocking reoccurrence of blood cancer after therapy.

• #2 Tertiary Prevention and Treatment for Reducing Leukemia Relapse

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/abstract/tertiary-prevention-and-treatment-for-reducing-leukemia-relapse

  We have found little available information in the medical literature on the prevention and treatment of tertiary leukemia or patients’ prognosis. […] Further study on immunotherapies is warranted across diverse age groups from a tertiary prevention perspective.

• #3 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-screeningprevention

  Cancer is largely a preventable illness. Two-thirds of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be linked to tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise. All of these factors can be modified. Nevertheless, an awareness of the opportunity to prevent cancer through changes in lifestyle is still under-appreciated. The overwhelming majority of cases of CML cannot be prevented since we do not know the cause of this disease. […] Diet is a fertile area for immediate individual and societal intervention to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers. […] High fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with a reduced risk for developing at least 10 different cancers. This may be a result of potentially protective factors such as carotenoids, folic acid, vitamin C, flavonoids, phytoestrogens and isothiocyanates. These are often referred to as antioxidants.

• #3 Leukemia Prevention Strategies And Lifestyle Choices  – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/leukemia-prevention-strategies-and-lifestyle-choices/

  Regular medical check-ups, awareness of personal risk factors, and early detection are crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of leukaemia. Lifestyle modifications including weight control, quitting smoking, managing hypercholesterolemia, and increased physical activity reduce the risk factors. […] While the exact causes of leukaemia can be complex and varied, certain carcinogens are identified as potential carcinogens linked to the development of leukaemia. Here are some common carcinogens associated with leukaemia: […] Benzene: is a chemical compound found in gasoline, tobacco smoke, solvents and various industrial products. Prolonged exposure to high levels of benzene is known to increase the risk of developing leukaemia, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) […] Ionizing radiation: such as X-rays, gamma rays, and certain radioactive materials, have been linked to an increased risk of leukaemia

• #3 SciELO Brazil – Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far? Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute childhood leukemia: What is known so far?

  https://www.scielo.br/j/htct/a/8hQR8p5kjjhXyxvDqqCN88N/

  The recommendation is that antibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely used in children who are first diagnosed with ALL in the induction phase, due to the low body of evidence presented so far. Despite this consideration, the group suggests the use of levofloxacin as the antibiotic of choice for those patients who have severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] 500/mm3) for at least 7 days. […] Studies with the SMX-TMP and other regimens to prevent fever during neutropenia either demonstrated risk of myelosuppression and induction of multidrug-resistant strains or were ineffective. […] Therefore, the use of levofloxacin seems to be indicated in very specific situations: in children who are known to be neutropenic for a long time, secondary to intensive chemotherapy; in children with AL undergoing chemotherapy to induce remission, or; in children undergoing HSCT.

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