Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2943805/

  Changes in air pressure during flying can cause ear-drum pain and perforation, vertigo, and hearing loss. It has been estimated that 10% of adults and 22% of children might have damage to the ear drum after a flight, although perforation is rare. […] The prevalence of symptoms depends on the altitude, type of aircraft, and characteristics of the passengers. One point prevalence study found that, in commercial passengers, 20% of adult and 40% of child passengers had negative pressure in the middle ear after flight, and that 10% of adults and 22% of children had otoscopic evidence of damage to the ear drum. We found no data on the incidence of perforation, which seems to be extremely rare in commercial passengers. […] To prevent ear pain and trauma during air travel. […] Barotrauma (includes incidence and severity of pain and hearing loss, and incidence of perforation of ear drum).

• #2 Prevent Airplane Ear Pain: Innovative Ear Plugs for Pressure Relief: Money Back Guarantee

  https://www.airdrate.com/?srsltid=AfmBOoriDkwB7Y8ggJu_L8IPJIEyREUAvNQGtacPX3YIXqqMjj6MRAgA

  People 34% of adults and 64% of children suffer from intense ear pain and other symptoms known as Airplane Ear when they fly in large pressurised aircraft. That’s over 1.5 billion people on flights last year! […] The intense unbearable ear pain in flight, the anxiety this causes before a flight and the spoiled holiday or work opportunities that deafness and ear pain after flying can cause. […] That’s why we set out to discover the true cause of Airplane Ear and find a solution, because everyone deserves to fly anxiety and pain free. […] The innovative new science we found and documented led to the patented award winning solution that is the world’s only registered Medical Device solution for Airplane Ear Pain. […] AirDrate is the only clinically proven patented product on the market, registered with Medical Healthcare Products Agency, developed over 10 years by aeromedical experts specifically to prevent Airplane Ear pain. […] We believe from our research that people with smaller anatomy of the internal ear workings tend to suffer more. The eardrum is smaller itself, it may dry out quicker and / or have less ability to flex. We are continuing to research into this.

• #3 “Airplane ear”—A neglected yet preventable problem

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6779601/

  Airplane ear is a common yet, ignored public health problem. It can be handled effectively if proper precautions/corrective measures are adopted. The airplane authority should explore socio-culturally appropriate and evidence-based strategies and incorporate them with the preventive and curative instructions for the passengers. Moreover, the flight attendants may be trained in recognizing and managing airplane ear alongside other life-saving instructions to their passengers.

• #4 Airplane ear – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701

  Airplane ear is stress on the eardrum that happens when the air pressure in the middle ear and the air pressure outside the ear are out of balance. Airplane ear might happen on an airplane that’s climbing after takeoff or going lower for a landing. […] Airplane ear happens when the air pressure in the middle ear and the air pressure inside the airplane don’t match. The mismatch keeps the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane, from moving as usual. […] When an airplane climbs or goes lower, the air pressure changes fast. The eustachian tube often can’t react fast enough. That causes the symptoms of airplane ear. […] Anything that blocks the eustachian tube or keeps it from working as usual can increase the risk of airplane ear. Common risk factors include: A small eustachian tube, especially in infants and toddlers.

• #5 Airplane ear | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/airplane-ear?content_id=CON-20164012

  Anything that blocks the eustachian tube or keeps it from working as usual can increase the risk of airplane ear. Common risk factors include: A small eustachian tube, especially in infants and toddlers. […] Diagnosis of airplane ear, also called ear barotrauma, is based on medical history and an exam of the ear with a lighted tool called an otoscope. […] For most people, airplane ear heals with time. When the symptoms don’t go away, treatments to even out the pressure might help symptoms of airplane ear.

• #6 “Airplane ear”—A neglected yet preventable problem

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6779601/

  Airplane ear or ear discomfort during flight is common irrespective of ticket price we pay for our flights according to class. Airplane ear is also known as ear barotrauma, barotitis media or aerotitis media. Airplane ear is commonly experienced when the airplane is ascending or descending, which makes it one of the commonest health problems for people travelling in air routes. […] The common risk factors for airplane ear include small eustachian tube (infants and toddlers), common cold, acute or chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, otitis media, and napping on an airplane during rapid pressure change in our middle ear. […] It is very surprising that despite being a very common condition, no prior preventive instruction is given by the air hostesses/airplane authority about this phenomenon. Although the airline authorities provide a lot of instructions to the passengers regarding emergency landing in the water, power failures, low oxygen supply to the cabin and so on; airplane ear remains a neglected health issue in aerospace safety measures.

• #7 Airplane Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/understanding-airplane-ear

  Airplane ear is also called ear barotrauma, barotitis media, or aerotitis media. […] Airplane ear occurs when an imbalance in the air pressure in the middle ear and air pressure in the environment prevents your eardrum (tympanic membrane) from vibrating as it should. […] Any condition that blocks the eustachian tube or limits its function can increase the risk of airplane ear. Common risk factors include: a small eustachian tube, especially in infants and toddlers; the common cold; sinus infection; hay fever (allergic rhinitis); middle ear infection (otitis media); sleeping on an airplane during ascent and descent. […] Frequent or severe airplane ear may damage the tissues of the inner ear or eustachian tube, which increases your chances of experiencing the problem again. […] Airplane ear usually isn’t serious and responds to self-care. Long-term complications may occur when the condition is serious or prolonged or if there’s damage to middle or inner ear structures.

• #8 Welcome – Dr. Victoria Howe

  https://www.drvictoriahowe.com/blog-1/flying-with-a-cold-or-an-ear-infection

  Airplane ear occurs when an imbalance in the air pressure in the middle ear and air pressure in the environment prevents your eardrum (tympanic membrane) from vibrating as it should. […] Any condition that blocks the eustachian tube or limits its function can increase the risk of airplane ear. Common risk factors include: a small eustachian tube, especially in infants and toddlers; the common cold; sinus infection; hay fever (allergic rhinitis); middle ear infection (otitis media); sleeping on an airplane during ascent and descent. […] Frequent or severe airplane ear may damage the tissues of the inner ear or eustachian tube, which increases your chances of experiencing the problem again. […] Airplane ear usually isn’t serious and responds to self-care. Long-term complications may occur when the condition is serious or prolonged or if there’s damage to middle or inner ear structures. […] If you’re prone to severe airplane ear and must fly often, your doctor may surgically place tubes in your eardrums to aid fluid drainage, ventilate your middle ear, and equalize the pressure between your outer ear and middle ear.

• #9 Airplane ear: What causes ear pain during a flight?

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/air-travel-and-ear-pain-why-it-happens

  ETD is a common condition caused by swelling or obstruction of the tube as it opens in the back of the nose. […] Anything we can do to encourage the normal function of the Eustachian tube can help. […] In those with ETD, this may not be sufficient and so more active exercises and medication can assist.

• #10 Keep Your Ears Comfortable on Your Next Flight | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/keep-your-ears-comfortable-your-next-flight

  If youre someone who dreads airplane ear when you fly, there are plenty of tips both adults and children can try to ease the discomfort. […] The pain is caused by the change in cabin pressure during take-off and descent, which creates a difference in pressure between the air inside and outside of your middle ear. […] This discomfort can be more pronounced if you have a cold or sinus infection because the congestion interferes with airflow through your nose to the ear, making it hard to equalize your ear pressure, says Ana H Kim, MD. […] Other factors that can affect your ability to equalize pressure include allergies, nasal polyps, or a history of ear infections. […] Children are more prone to ear discomfort because their Eustachian tube (which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat) is in a flat orientation that makes it harder for children to equalize ear pressure.

• #11 Keep Your Ears Comfortable on Your Next Flight | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/keep-your-ears-comfortable-your-next-flight

  By adulthood, the tube matures to a slanted orientation that eases airflow into the ear and drainage of fluids out of the ear. […] If airplane ear is a significant problem, a procedure called myringotomy may be considered. This operation puts a hole in the eardrum, which allows instant pressure equalization between the middle ear and the outside world. […] This approach is so effective in eliminating Eustachian tube problems while flying, it was performed on World War II pilots to treat the problem!

• #12 Myringitis (Middle Ear, Tympanic Membrane, Inflammation): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858558-overview

  Approximately 8% of children age 6 months to 12 years with AOM have acute bullous myringitis. […] Morbidity from myringitis is correlated with morbidity in cases of otitis media, external otitis, and foreign bodies in the ear. […] Data on racial distributions of TM diseases have not been collected. […] Males and females are affected by diseases of the TM with equal frequency. […] People of all ages are affected.

• #13 What to do About Flying and Ear Pain with Infants | Midwest ENT Centre | Blog

  https://entmidwest.com/what-to-do-about-flying-and-ear-pain-with-infants/

  Airplane ear, or ear barotrauma, is a common phenomenon when the ear starts to ache during air travel due to changes in air pressure. […] Airplane ear, also known as ear barotrauma, happens when the pressure in the middle ear doesn’t equalize with the cabin pressure. This often occurs during takeoff or descent when the air pressure changes quickly. […] Airplane ear can occur in one or both ears and can include pain, pressure, a feeling of fullness in the ears and muffled hearing. […] Airplane ear can be stressful, but it is manageable.

• #14

  https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmsi/article/view/2419

  Passengers before air travel should be frequently advised on the possible preventive measures to reduce any sort of ear discomfort. A cross-sectional survey-based approach was adopted to assess the prevalence of OBT, source of information on preventive measures for OBT, and respondents level of knowledge of preventive measures for aeroplane ear discomfort. […] Most respondents were aware of Chewing gum or sweets and Yawning or swallowing as prevention measures, and Blowing against a pinched nose (Valsalva maneuver) as preventive measures for ear discomfort during air travel. […] Internet (11.2%), Posters/Leaflets in aeroplanes (7.8%), Posters/Leaflets in airports (6.8%), and Social Media are the most common sources of information for preventive measures to reduce prevalence of OBT. Adopting passive methods like yawning, moving the jaw, swallowing, etc. are quick techniques to deal with ear discomfort.

• #15 Airplane ear – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701

  Airplane ear usually isn’t serious and gets better with self-care. Rarely, complications can happen when the condition is serious or long-lasting. Also, complications can happen if there’s damage to the middle or inner ear. […] A healthcare professional may place tubes or a balloon in the eardrum to keep the eustachian tube open to help people who get severe airplane ear and must fly often.

• #16 Airplane Ear: How To Unclog Ears Clogged After a Flight

  https://www.health.com/mind-body/ears-clogged-airplane-flight

  Ear barotrauma can have potential complications. These complications are problems such as: Acute ear infections, Chronic tinnitus, Hearing loss, Ruptured eardrums, Vertigo. […] It’s possible to prevent airplane ears in the first place. You can do this by: Having earplugs in when your flight takes off or lands, which helps to slowly equalize pressure, Rescheduling plans to travel by plane if you have an infection that affects the ears or sinuses, Sleeping only when the plane is in the air not when it’s landing or taking off, Taking a decongestant 30 minutes to an hour before a flight as appropriate and with healthcare guidance. […] If airplane ears happen, they usually go away on their own. However, see a healthcare provider if they linger or accompany symptoms like ear pain and drainage or fever.

• #16 Airplane Ear: How To Unclog Ears Clogged After a Flight

  https://www.health.com/mind-body/ears-clogged-airplane-flight

  In addition to jet lag and dry air, another common body complaint fliers experience is „airplane ears” the clogged or blocked feeling in your ears due to cabin pressure changes. […] The medical term is „ear barotrauma,” which may be a good description of the pain and discomfort the condition typically causes. […] Getting on a plane while you’re sick with a cold or other head infection that triggers nasal congestion makes those changes in air pressure even worse. Active ear or sinus infections can cause pain or injury since it’s hard to equalize the pressure in your ears. […] Some individuals, like infants and toddlers with smaller Eustachian tubes that are more horizontal than adults’, have a higher risk of experiencing clogged ears. Other risk factors include having a cold, sinusitis, or allergic rhinitis and sleeping when pressure changes occur on the plane.

• #17 Aeroplane Ear: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/health-advice-for-travel-abroad/ears-and-flying

  Aeroplane ear, or the feeling of blocked or painful ears while flying, is caused by pressure changes. […] Aeroplane ear refers to the pain and discomfort that some people experience when flying on an aeroplane. […] The pain is caused by unequal pressure that develops between the air in the middle ear and the air outside the ear during takeoff and landing. […] Complications are extremely unusual, or millions of people wouldn’t be flying on a regular basis. Very occasionally, the eardrum can be put under so much pressure that it bursts (perforates), leaving a hole in the eardrum. […] It is advisable NOT to fly if you have an ear infection, such as otitis media or otitis externa.

• #18 How To Manage Earaches On Airplanes | The Well by Northwell

  https://thewell.northwell.edu/healthy-living-fitness/earaches-airplanes

  Youre certainly not alone. Ear fullness or pressure is a common issue many passengers deal with when flying. However, there are some people who suffer from moderate to severe ear pain during flights (also known as airplane ear). Both are caused by the change in pressure that occurs during sudden shifts in altitude. […] There are ways to possibly prevent airplane ear. The eustachian tube opens and closes each time you swallow, yawn, chew, and blow your nose. Therefore, chewing gum or sipping water during takeoff and landing can help force the tube to open. […] Another thing to keep in mind: A person shouldnt fly if they have a viral or bacterial ear infection. The inflammation in the middle ear wont allow the eustachian tube to work, and if the air pressure is extreme, you can perforate your eardrum.

• #19 Airplane Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/understanding-airplane-ear

  Rare complications may include permanent hearing loss and ongoing (chronic) tinnitus. […] If you’re prone to severe airplane ear and must fly often, your doctor may surgically place tubes in your eardrums to aid fluid drainage, ventilate your middle ear, and equalize the pressure between your outer ear and middle ear.

• #20 Airplane ear – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351707

  Diagnosis of airplane ear, also called ear barotrauma, is based on medical history and an exam of the ear with a lighted tool called an otoscope. […] For most people, airplane ear heals with time. When the symptoms don’t go away, treatments to even out the pressure might help symptoms of airplane ear. […] But, rarely, you might need an office procedure or surgery to treat airplane ear. In one such procedure, a surgeon makes a cut in the eardrum to even out the air pressure and drain fluid. This is called a myringotomy. […] If you have severe pain or symptoms linked to airplane ear that don’t get better with self-care, talk to a healthcare professional. You might then be referred to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist. […] Questions about airplane ear might include: Did my recent airplane travel likely cause my ear symptoms? What is the best treatment? Am I likely to have lasting problems? How can I keep this from happening again? Should I change my travel plans? […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have about airplane ear.

• #21 Barotrauma Doctors in Philadelphia | Barotrauma (Airplane Ear) | Berger Henry ENT

  https://www.bergerhenryent.com/barotrauma-airplane-ear/

  Barotrauma is a condition caused by changes to the environmental pressure, whether water or air. The most common form of barotrauma affects the ears during take-off and landing in an airplane, often called airplane ear. […] Some people may be more prone to ear barotrauma. Children and infants can be at a higher risk of barotrauma due to the size and orientation of their eustachian tubes. Other conditions that affect the function of the eustachian tube and its ability to regulate pressure in the ear will also increase the risk of barotrauma. […] In most situations, such as during flight, the symptoms of barotrauma are mild and resolve soon after reaching a stable altitude or landing. […] If chronic or recurrent barotrauma is a concern, such as for those who need to fly often, an ENT (ear, nose, throat) surgeon can recommend the surgical insertion of grommets. Also known as tympanostomy tubes, these tiny pipes are designed to provide an alternative passage to the eustachian tubes for pressure to equalize in the ear. Grommets can usually be kept in place for 6 to 12 months.

• #22 Ear Barotrauma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ear-barotrauma-facts

  Ear barotrauma, also known as airplane ear, is that clogged-up, sometimes painful feeling you get in your ears when the air pressure changes quickly. […] It’s the biggest health problem for people who fly. […] You’re at a higher risk of ear barotrauma if you’re around loud explosions in the military or scuba dive without proper gear. […] If you feel pain, the doctor will ask you a series of questions. […] Regardless of why you feel the pain, your doctor will look inside your ears with a tool called an otoscope. […] If it isn’t better in 2 months, you may need an operation to prevent lasting hearing loss. […] You can prevent ear barotrauma by keeping your eustachian tubes open.

• #23 Overcoming Fear of Flying: Tips & Solutions | (SCENTAA)Accessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset

  https://www.entdoctorslosangeles.com/blog-fear-of-flying/

  Studies reveal that about 30% of fliers feel ear pain due to changes in air pressure, and the percentage of sufferers increase dramatically if they suffer from allergies or fly with a cold or flu. […] Dr. Bublik warns patients that in the most severe cases, flying when one is congested may lead to a permanent decrease in hearing, prolonged dizziness, or severe pain or sinus pressure. […] If you suffer from a condition that affects your ears, don’t delay in scheduling a consultation with Dr. Bublik. He is a board-certified otolaryngologist and has been able to effectively help patients with ear disorders or conditions such as hearing impairment, ear infections, disorders that affect balance, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), ear pain and congenital disorders of the ear.

• #24 UC San Diego Health Health Library | San Diego Hospital, Healthcare

  https://myhealth.ucsd.edu/Search/85,P00473

  When traveling by air, many people feel discomfort in their ears as the altitude changes. This is 1 of the most common health complaints of airplane passengers. It is caused by a difference in air pressure within the middle ear versus in the environment. The changing altitude as the plane takes off or lands can cause symptoms such as ear fullness, muffled hearing, and pain that may range from mild to severe in the ears. […] If swallowing or yawning does not ease the ears, try this ear-clearing method: […] After landing, if your ears don’t open and are still painful, see a healthcare provider who specializes in ear problems. […] Small children are more likely to have blocked ear canals. That’s because their eustachian tubes are narrower. Using a bottle or pacifier during take-off and landing may help pop their ears.

• #25 Ear Barotrauma: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-barotrauma

  Ear barotrauma is a condition that causes ear discomfort due to pressure changes. […] Occasional ear barotrauma is common, especially in environments where the altitude changes. […] One of the places many people experience ear barotrauma is during an airplanes ascent or descent. The condition is sometimes referred to as airplane ear. […] Infants and young children are also at risk to this condition. […] When babies and toddlers cry on an airplane during takeoff or landing, its often because theyre feeling the effects of ear barotrauma. […] You can decrease your risk of experiencing barotrauma by taking antihistamines or decongestants before scuba diving or flying on a plane. […] Chronic cases of ear barotrauma may be aided with the help of ear tubes. These small cylinders are placed through the eardrum to stimulate airflow into the middle of the ear. […] These are also commonly used in those with chronic barotrauma who frequently change altitudes, like those who need to fly or travel often.

• #26 Flying with Ear Infection: Risks and Precautions | Amplifon USA

  https://www.amplifonusa.com/hearing-loss/blog/flying-with-ear-infection

  Pressure changes can be especially problematic for people flying with an ear infection. The infection can cause inflammation and swelling in the Eustachian tube and middle ear, making it more difficult for the pressure to equalize. […] As a result, you may experience increased discomfort and even pain during your flight. In some cases, the pressure changes can also cause the infection to worsen, which can result in more severe symptoms and longer recovery times. […] If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of an ear infection, it is best to avoid flying if possible. Children have shorter, narrower Eustachian tubes, so the pressure changes during a flight can exacerbate their infection, causing more pain and discomfort. However, if flying is unavoidable, taking precautions to protect your ears and hearing is essential. […] Before flying with an ear infection, consult your doctor to avoid worsening your condition.

• #27 How to Avoid 'Airplane Ear’ and Keep Ears From Popping

  https://www.realsimple.com/how-to-protect-your-ears-while-flying-8679547

  For frequent fliers who struggle significantly with airplane ear even after trying the suggested precautions, Khabie said ear tubes can be an option. Ear tubestiny, hollow tubes usually made of plastic or metal that are inserted via a surgical procedureallow air into the middle ear and prevent fluid from building up behind the eardrums, according to the Mayo Clinic.

• #28 Ear Pain During Flight Can Be a Sign of Some Diseases! | Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi

  https://yeditepehastaneleri.com/en/health-guide/pains/ear-pain-during-flight-can-be-sign-some-diseases

  According to Assoc. Prof. ahin, „It is normal for people with a stuffy nose due to a cold or the flu to experience ear pain during flights. However, it is recommended that these individuals receive treatment before traveling.” […] According to Assoc. Prof. Dr. ahin, „If treatment is delayed, problems such as collapse of the eardrum, inflammation in the ear, and perforation of the eardrum may occur.” […] „If sudden pain occurs during a flight and is accompanied by dizziness, this indicates a very serious and urgent problem.” […] Assoc. Prof. Dr. ahin stated that they apply surgical treatment to those who have structural problems in their noses and use drug therapy for inflammatory or allergic problems. […] Therefore, in addition to nose problems, balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube may also be necessary in individuals with chronic Eustachian tube problems and associated hearing loss. […] „Especially with endoscopic methods aimed at correcting problems, short-term procedures can be found.”

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