Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis worldwide and is associated with serious reproductive health outcomes, including increased risk of preterm birth, sexually transmitted infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease. […] In the absence of an effective long-term cure, patients, providers, and researchers are exploring different approaches to treatment and prevention, resulting in a rapid evolution of perspectives on BV pathogenesis and approaches to management. Current areas of investigation for BV management include probiotics, vaginal microbiome transplantation, pH modulation, and biofilm disruption. Behavioral modifications that may help include smoking cessation, condom use and hormonal contraception. […] The failure of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure for BV has led many women and clinicians to consider alternative therapies. The focus of this review is to discuss the evidence for potential non-antibiotic therapeutic and preventive options for BV, including those currently under investigation and those more informally used.

• #2 Frontiers | Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2023.1100029/full

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis worldwide and is associated with serious reproductive health outcomes, including increased risk of preterm birth, sexually transmitted infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease. […] In the absence of an effective long-term cure, patients, providers, and researchers are exploring different approaches to treatment and prevention, resulting in a rapid evolution of perspectives on BV pathogenesis and approaches to management. Current areas of investigation for BV management include probiotics, vaginal microbiome transplantation, pH modulation, and biofilm disruption. Behavioral modifications that may help include smoking cessation, condom use and hormonal contraception. […] The failure of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure for BV has led many women and clinicians to consider alternative therapies. The focus of this review is to discuss the evidence for potential non-antibiotic therapeutic and preventive options for BV, including those currently under investigation and those more informally used.

• #3 About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/index.html

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, treatable, vaginal condition. […] Douching, not using condoms, and having new or multiple sex partners can upset the normal balance of vaginal bacteria, increasing your risk for getting BV. […] The following basic prevention steps may help lower your risk of getting BV: Not having sex, Limiting your number of sex partners, Not douching, Using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] Healthcare providers and scientists do not completely understand how BV spreads or know how best to prevent it.

• #4 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #5 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  How can I lower my risk of BV? […] Steps that might lower your risk of BV include: […] Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water only to clean the outside of your vagina. You do not need to use soap. […] Not douching. Douching upsets the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This may raise your risk of BV. It may also make it easier to get BV again after treatment. Doctors do not recommend douching. […] Not having sex. Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who have sex. […] Limiting your number of sex partners. Researchers think that your risk of getting BV goes up with the number of partners you have. […] If your partner has BV, you might be able to lower your risk by using protection during sex. […] Use a dental dam every time you have sex. A dental dam is a thin piece of latex that is placed over the vagina before oral sex. […] Cover sex toys with condoms before use. Remove the condom and replace it with a new one before sharing the toy with your partner.

• #6 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  Various studies have examined condom use in relation to BV occurrence and prevalence. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that condom use was protective against BV, with an estimated relative risk of 0.8. […] Contraceptive choice is very individual, however if a person with recurrent BV is interested in a hormonal contraceptive method rather than a copper IUD, this may reduce the risk for BV. Additionally, using condoms at least during antibiotic therapy for BV may be beneficial. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend commercially available probiotics at this time. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV.

• #7 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  How can I lower my risk of BV? […] Steps that might lower your risk of BV include: […] Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water only to clean the outside of your vagina. You do not need to use soap. […] Not douching. Douching upsets the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This may raise your risk of BV. It may also make it easier to get BV again after treatment. Doctors do not recommend douching. […] Not having sex. Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who have sex. […] Limiting your number of sex partners. Researchers think that your risk of getting BV goes up with the number of partners you have. […] If your partner has BV, you might be able to lower your risk by using protection during sex. […] Use a dental dam every time you have sex. A dental dam is a thin piece of latex that is placed over the vagina before oral sex. […] Cover sex toys with condoms before use. Remove the condom and replace it with a new one before sharing the toy with your partner.

• #8 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  How can I lower my risk of BV? […] Steps that might lower your risk of BV include: […] Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water only to clean the outside of your vagina. You do not need to use soap. […] Not douching. Douching upsets the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This may raise your risk of BV. It may also make it easier to get BV again after treatment. Doctors do not recommend douching. […] Not having sex. Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who have sex. […] Limiting your number of sex partners. Researchers think that your risk of getting BV goes up with the number of partners you have. […] If your partner has BV, you might be able to lower your risk by using protection during sex. […] Use a dental dam every time you have sex. A dental dam is a thin piece of latex that is placed over the vagina before oral sex. […] Cover sex toys with condoms before use. Remove the condom and replace it with a new one before sharing the toy with your partner.

• #9 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3963-bacterial-vaginosis

  You cant prevent bacterial vaginosis. However, taking these precautions could reduce your risk: […] Avoid douching. It changes the natural balance of bacteria in your vagina. Instead, practice healthy vaginal and vulvar care. […] Avoid vaginal contact with anything that has touched your anus. Things like toilet paper and sex toys could transfer bacteria found in your poop to your vagina. Make sure sexual toys are properly cleaned after every use. […] Limit your number of sex partners. Research shows youre more likely to get BV if you have multiple sex partners. […] Use latex condoms or dental dams. Although its unclear why, research indicates that sexual activity is associated with BV. […] Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear. Bacteria thrive in moist environments. Cotton helps wick away moisture.

• #10 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #11 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #12 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #13 Bacterial vaginosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352279

  To help prevent bacterial vaginosis: […] Don’t use scented products. Wash your genitals with warm water only. Scented soaps and other scented products may inflame vaginal tissues. Use unscented tampons or pads only. […] Don’t douche. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. It may even make it worse. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Douching disrupts the vaginal flora, raising your risk of infection. […] Practice safe sex. To lower your risk of STIs, use latex condoms or dental dams. Clean any sex toys. Limit your number of sex partners or don’t have sex.

• #14 Bacterial Vaginosis — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  Prevention strategies for bacterial vaginosis (BV) focus on maintaining a normal vaginal pH and balance of bacteria. Recommendations include: […] Avoid douching […] Wash genital area with water only; avoid using soap, vaginal wipes, or antiseptics […] Wear cotton underwear […] Use condoms. […] Some patients may find vaginal health probiotics containing lactobacilli or vaginal acidification (eg, using lactic or boric acid) helpful for BV treatment or prophylaxis, although further high-quality randomised trials are needed to draw clear conclusions regarding their efficacy.

• #15 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  How can I lower my risk of BV? […] Steps that might lower your risk of BV include: […] Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water only to clean the outside of your vagina. You do not need to use soap. […] Not douching. Douching upsets the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This may raise your risk of BV. It may also make it easier to get BV again after treatment. Doctors do not recommend douching. […] Not having sex. Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who have sex. […] Limiting your number of sex partners. Researchers think that your risk of getting BV goes up with the number of partners you have. […] If your partner has BV, you might be able to lower your risk by using protection during sex. […] Use a dental dam every time you have sex. A dental dam is a thin piece of latex that is placed over the vagina before oral sex. […] Cover sex toys with condoms before use. Remove the condom and replace it with a new one before sharing the toy with your partner.

• #16 Bacterial vaginosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352279

  To help prevent bacterial vaginosis: […] Don’t use scented products. Wash your genitals with warm water only. Scented soaps and other scented products may inflame vaginal tissues. Use unscented tampons or pads only. […] Don’t douche. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. It may even make it worse. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Douching disrupts the vaginal flora, raising your risk of infection. […] Practice safe sex. To lower your risk of STIs, use latex condoms or dental dams. Clean any sex toys. Limit your number of sex partners or don’t have sex.

• #17 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/

  There are things you can do to help relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial vaginosis returning. […] use water and plain soap to wash your genital area […] have showers instead of baths […] do not use perfumed soaps, bubble bath, shampoo or shower gel in the bath […] do not use vaginal deodorants, washes or douches […] do not put antiseptic liquids in the bath […] do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear […] do not smoke.

• #18 Preventing and Treating Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://patient.info/sexual-health/vaginal-discharge-female-discharge/treating-and-preventing-bacterial-vaginosis

  Most episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV) occur for no apparent reason and they cannot be prevented. The following are thought to help prevent some episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The logic behind these tips is to try not to upset the normal balance of bacteria (germs) in the vagina: […] Do not push water into your vagina to clean it (douching). The vagina needs no specific cleaning. […] Do not add bath oils, antiseptics, scented soaps, perfumed bubble bath, shampoos, etc, to bath water. […] Do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear. […] Do not wash around your vagina and vulva too often. Once a day is usually enough, using gentle soaps and water. […] Don’t use perfumed 'intimate hygiene’ products. […] Using a condom and/or a water-based lubricant during intercourse may help protect you. […] Avoid using sex toys inside the vagina. […] Avoid thongs and tight nylon tights. […] Have showers rather than baths. […] Lighter periods seem to make BV less likely to return, so if you have heavy periods and were considering seeking treatment, this might be another reason to do so.

• #19 Preventing and Treating Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://patient.info/sexual-health/vaginal-discharge-female-discharge/treating-and-preventing-bacterial-vaginosis

  Most episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV) occur for no apparent reason and they cannot be prevented. The following are thought to help prevent some episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The logic behind these tips is to try not to upset the normal balance of bacteria (germs) in the vagina: […] Do not push water into your vagina to clean it (douching). The vagina needs no specific cleaning. […] Do not add bath oils, antiseptics, scented soaps, perfumed bubble bath, shampoos, etc, to bath water. […] Do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear. […] Do not wash around your vagina and vulva too often. Once a day is usually enough, using gentle soaps and water. […] Don’t use perfumed 'intimate hygiene’ products. […] Using a condom and/or a water-based lubricant during intercourse may help protect you. […] Avoid using sex toys inside the vagina. […] Avoid thongs and tight nylon tights. […] Have showers rather than baths. […] Lighter periods seem to make BV less likely to return, so if you have heavy periods and were considering seeking treatment, this might be another reason to do so.

• #20 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/

  There are things you can do to help relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial vaginosis returning. […] use water and plain soap to wash your genital area […] have showers instead of baths […] do not use perfumed soaps, bubble bath, shampoo or shower gel in the bath […] do not use vaginal deodorants, washes or douches […] do not put antiseptic liquids in the bath […] do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear […] do not smoke.

• #21 Bacterial vaginosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352279

  To help prevent bacterial vaginosis: […] Don’t use scented products. Wash your genitals with warm water only. Scented soaps and other scented products may inflame vaginal tissues. Use unscented tampons or pads only. […] Don’t douche. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. It may even make it worse. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Douching disrupts the vaginal flora, raising your risk of infection. […] Practice safe sex. To lower your risk of STIs, use latex condoms or dental dams. Clean any sex toys. Limit your number of sex partners or don’t have sex.

• #22 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/women/what-is-bacterial-vaginosis

  To lower your chances of getting BV, take these steps: […] Use a condom or dental dam during sex. […] To help maintain a healthy pH in your vagina: […] Don’t douche. […] Avoid antiseptic bath products such as antibacterial soaps, which can cause an imbalance in the bacteria in your vagina. […] Wipe from front to back after you use the bathroom. If you wipe the other way, bacteria from your poop could get into your vagina and disrupt your vaginal balance. […] Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear. Less breathable fabrics trap moisture and increase heat, making bacteria growth more likely. […] Avoid scented menstrual products, which can increase vaginal pH.

• #23 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Avoid douching Douching — cleaning the inside of your vagina — increases the risk of BV. Douching is also unnecessary because your vagina cleans itself naturally. […] Use condoms during sex No matter the gender(s) of your sex partners, there are condoms available to create a protective barrier if you’re having sex where something is inserted into your vagina. […] Clean menstrual cups and sex toys Bacteria can collect on things you put in your vagina, like menstrual cups and sex toys, so it’s always important to clean them after use (yes, every time). […] Regularly change pads and tampons Along with possibly helping prevent BV, this is also just a good habit to get into, as leaving a tampon in for too long in particular can increase your risk for developing toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

• #24 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/vaginitis/how-do-i-prevent-vaginitis

  Wear cotton or cotton-crotch underwear they breathe better and can help keep your vulva dry. […] Change your tampons and pads every 4-8 hrs. […] If germs from your anus get into your vagina, they can cause an infection. […] Certain types of lubricants and spermicide may cause irritation for some people stop using them or try a different brand if you have a reaction. […] Get to know your genitals. Look at your vulva with a mirror, and pay attention to your regular smells and vaginal discharge. […] But sometimes your body chemistry can have a bad reaction to another persons semen or natural genital yeast and bacteria, which can mess up the normal balance in your vagina. […] And studies have shown that having sex with a new partner, or multiple partners, may make you more likely to get BV. […] Sex can also lead to vaginitis if you have an allergy or sensitivity to certain types of lubes, condoms, or sex toy materials.

• #25 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Avoid douching Douching — cleaning the inside of your vagina — increases the risk of BV. Douching is also unnecessary because your vagina cleans itself naturally. […] Use condoms during sex No matter the gender(s) of your sex partners, there are condoms available to create a protective barrier if you’re having sex where something is inserted into your vagina. […] Clean menstrual cups and sex toys Bacteria can collect on things you put in your vagina, like menstrual cups and sex toys, so it’s always important to clean them after use (yes, every time). […] Regularly change pads and tampons Along with possibly helping prevent BV, this is also just a good habit to get into, as leaving a tampon in for too long in particular can increase your risk for developing toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

• #26 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/women/what-is-bacterial-vaginosis

  To lower your chances of getting BV, take these steps: […] Use a condom or dental dam during sex. […] To help maintain a healthy pH in your vagina: […] Don’t douche. […] Avoid antiseptic bath products such as antibacterial soaps, which can cause an imbalance in the bacteria in your vagina. […] Wipe from front to back after you use the bathroom. If you wipe the other way, bacteria from your poop could get into your vagina and disrupt your vaginal balance. […] Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear. Less breathable fabrics trap moisture and increase heat, making bacteria growth more likely. […] Avoid scented menstrual products, which can increase vaginal pH.

• #27 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Wipe from front to back. Be careful to not spread poop from your anus into your vagina. Similarly, be sure to wash sex toys or other objects (including fingers) before placing them in your vagina. […] Ask your healthcare provider about the benefits of taking hormones. If youre approaching menopause or have low levels of estrogen for any reason, talk to a healthcare provider about the potential benefits of using vaginal hormone pills or creams to keep your vagina lubricated and healthy. […] Get regular screenings. Good health habits are important. Have a complete gynecologic exam, including screening for cervical cancer, at regular intervals as recommended by your provider. If you have multiple sexual partners, you should request screening for STIs.

• #28 How to Stop Recurring BV Infections Permanently

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-recurring-bv-infections-permanently

  You can prevent bacterial vaginosis by taking proper care of your vaginal health, avoiding tight underwear, taking probiotics, and more. These strategies can also help you prevent recurrence if you’ve been treated before. […] Taking the following steps may help reduce your risk of recurring BV infections. […] Avoid douching, which can increase your risk of developing BV. […] Your underwear may influence the overall health of your vagina. In general, it’s a good idea to choose underwear that’s loose-fitting, lightweight, breathable, and made from a natural fabric, like cotton. […] Speak to your healthcare provider if you’re considering this option to make sure it’s safe for you. […] Consistently using condoms may prevent the infection from returning. […] Maintaining a vaginal pH that’s slightly acidic may help prevent reinfection. […] Taking oral Lactobacillus after antibiotic treatment for BV may prevent reinfection. […] Reducing your stress levels may also help keep recurring infections at bay.

• #29 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3963-bacterial-vaginosis

  You cant prevent bacterial vaginosis. However, taking these precautions could reduce your risk: […] Avoid douching. It changes the natural balance of bacteria in your vagina. Instead, practice healthy vaginal and vulvar care. […] Avoid vaginal contact with anything that has touched your anus. Things like toilet paper and sex toys could transfer bacteria found in your poop to your vagina. Make sure sexual toys are properly cleaned after every use. […] Limit your number of sex partners. Research shows youre more likely to get BV if you have multiple sex partners. […] Use latex condoms or dental dams. Although its unclear why, research indicates that sexual activity is associated with BV. […] Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear. Bacteria thrive in moist environments. Cotton helps wick away moisture.

• #30 Bacterial Vaginosis — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  Prevention strategies for bacterial vaginosis (BV) focus on maintaining a normal vaginal pH and balance of bacteria. Recommendations include: […] Avoid douching […] Wash genital area with water only; avoid using soap, vaginal wipes, or antiseptics […] Wear cotton underwear […] Use condoms. […] Some patients may find vaginal health probiotics containing lactobacilli or vaginal acidification (eg, using lactic or boric acid) helpful for BV treatment or prophylaxis, although further high-quality randomised trials are needed to draw clear conclusions regarding their efficacy.

• #31 Preventing and Treating Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://patient.info/sexual-health/vaginal-discharge-female-discharge/treating-and-preventing-bacterial-vaginosis

  Most episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV) occur for no apparent reason and they cannot be prevented. The following are thought to help prevent some episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The logic behind these tips is to try not to upset the normal balance of bacteria (germs) in the vagina: […] Do not push water into your vagina to clean it (douching). The vagina needs no specific cleaning. […] Do not add bath oils, antiseptics, scented soaps, perfumed bubble bath, shampoos, etc, to bath water. […] Do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear. […] Do not wash around your vagina and vulva too often. Once a day is usually enough, using gentle soaps and water. […] Don’t use perfumed 'intimate hygiene’ products. […] Using a condom and/or a water-based lubricant during intercourse may help protect you. […] Avoid using sex toys inside the vagina. […] Avoid thongs and tight nylon tights. […] Have showers rather than baths. […] Lighter periods seem to make BV less likely to return, so if you have heavy periods and were considering seeking treatment, this might be another reason to do so.

• #32 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  How can I prevent vaginitis? There are certain things you can do to decrease your chance of getting vaginitis. Practicing good hygiene and safe sex are key. Other things you can do include: […] Avoid wearing clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Wearing nylon underwear, pantyhose without a cotton panel or tight spandex, yoga pants or jeans may lead to yeast infections. Choose loose, breathable fabrics that dont hold in moisture, like cotton. […] Avoid staying in a wet bathing suit or sweaty workout clothes for too long. A warm, moist environment is ideal for yeast and bacteria to grow. […] Avoid cleaning your vagina with heavily perfumed soaps or sprays. Vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps can irritate your vagina and worsen your vaginal infection. […] Dont douche. Douching can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in your vagina and lead to a vaginal infection. Douching can also hide an infection you already have.

• #33 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  How can I prevent vaginitis? There are certain things you can do to decrease your chance of getting vaginitis. Practicing good hygiene and safe sex are key. Other things you can do include: […] Avoid wearing clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Wearing nylon underwear, pantyhose without a cotton panel or tight spandex, yoga pants or jeans may lead to yeast infections. Choose loose, breathable fabrics that dont hold in moisture, like cotton. […] Avoid staying in a wet bathing suit or sweaty workout clothes for too long. A warm, moist environment is ideal for yeast and bacteria to grow. […] Avoid cleaning your vagina with heavily perfumed soaps or sprays. Vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps can irritate your vagina and worsen your vaginal infection. […] Dont douche. Douching can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in your vagina and lead to a vaginal infection. Douching can also hide an infection you already have.

• #34 What is Bacterial vaginosis I Canesten

  https://www.canesten.co.uk/intimate-health/learning-zone/what-is-bacterial-vaginosis

  Learn what bacterial vaginosis is, it’s main symptoms, how to prevent it, more information and treatment. […] You should also be aware that treatments like antibiotics and BV creams can affect condoms and other contraception. […] You are more likely to get BV if: You are sexually active (but women who have not had sex can also get BV), You have changed your partner, If you have multiple sexual partners, You have an IUD (a contraception device), You use perfumed products in and around your vagina. […] There are steps you can take to prevent BV and take control over your intimate health. Your intimate area is more delicate that the rest of the body so you shouldn’t use the same soaps or shower gels because they can upset the pH balance in your vagina. […] Other things you can do to stop BV from recurring: Avoid deodorants or perfumed products in and around your vaginal area. Don’t over-wash. Avoid douching inside your vagina. Don’t use strong detergents to wash your underwear. Change tampons and pads frequently. Ensure you wipe from front to back when going to the toilet. Change your underwear after swimming or working out.

• #35 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #36 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) […] Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] Consistent use of condoms by all sex partners can also reduce the risk of BV. […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #37 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #38 Frontiers | Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2023.1100029/full

  Probiotics containing Lactobacillus are often used and marketed for the management of BV and may be beneficial in preventing recurrent BV through recolonization of the vaginal microbiota. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV. […] The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There are a variety of agents that are purported to target biofilms. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] Existing research suggests that copper IUDs may increase risk of BV, while condoms and hormonal forms of contraception may decrease risk of BV. […] In today’s health care climate, many now turn to the internet for answers to their medical questions. Online forums and articles describe several “home remedies” to cure BV. […] Despite high prevalence of BV worldwide and the inability of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure, few effective alternative treatment options exist.

• #39 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  Various studies have examined condom use in relation to BV occurrence and prevalence. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that condom use was protective against BV, with an estimated relative risk of 0.8. […] Contraceptive choice is very individual, however if a person with recurrent BV is interested in a hormonal contraceptive method rather than a copper IUD, this may reduce the risk for BV. Additionally, using condoms at least during antibiotic therapy for BV may be beneficial. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend commercially available probiotics at this time. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV.

• #40 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Wipe from front to back. Be careful to not spread poop from your anus into your vagina. Similarly, be sure to wash sex toys or other objects (including fingers) before placing them in your vagina. […] Ask your healthcare provider about the benefits of taking hormones. If youre approaching menopause or have low levels of estrogen for any reason, talk to a healthcare provider about the potential benefits of using vaginal hormone pills or creams to keep your vagina lubricated and healthy. […] Get regular screenings. Good health habits are important. Have a complete gynecologic exam, including screening for cervical cancer, at regular intervals as recommended by your provider. If you have multiple sexual partners, you should request screening for STIs.

• #41 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  Various studies have examined condom use in relation to BV occurrence and prevalence. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that condom use was protective against BV, with an estimated relative risk of 0.8. […] Contraceptive choice is very individual, however if a person with recurrent BV is interested in a hormonal contraceptive method rather than a copper IUD, this may reduce the risk for BV. Additionally, using condoms at least during antibiotic therapy for BV may be beneficial. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend commercially available probiotics at this time. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV.

• #42 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/

  There are things you can do to help relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial vaginosis returning. […] use water and plain soap to wash your genital area […] have showers instead of baths […] do not use perfumed soaps, bubble bath, shampoo or shower gel in the bath […] do not use vaginal deodorants, washes or douches […] do not put antiseptic liquids in the bath […] do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear […] do not smoke.

• #43 The truth about bacterial vaginosis: It’s nothing you did wrong | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/bacterial-vaginosis/

  The best way to prevent BV is to have regular checkups with your gynecologist. […] Going to your gynecologist or womens health provider regularly is the best way to detect and prevent BV, even if youre asymptomatic. Routine checkups can also identify other concerning conditions, such as STIs and cervical cancer. […] While theres no magic wand to eliminate all risk, there are easy ways to lower your chances of developing BV: […] Avoid douching and using other vaginal cleaning products. Your vagina is self-cleaning there is no need to use anything else unless prescribed by a provider. And you dont need fancy soaps or powders to wash your vulva. All you need is warm water and a gentle washcloth to stay clean. […] Use protection during sex. Condoms and barriers can help reduce the risk of BV while also lowering your risk of STIs. […] Maintain a healthy diet. Some research suggests that eating a diet high in saturated fat can increase the risk of getting BV. […] Quit smoking. Tobacco use can alter your vaginal chemistry and heighten your risk of BV.

• #44 The truth about bacterial vaginosis: It’s nothing you did wrong | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/bacterial-vaginosis/

  The best way to prevent BV is to have regular checkups with your gynecologist. […] Going to your gynecologist or womens health provider regularly is the best way to detect and prevent BV, even if youre asymptomatic. Routine checkups can also identify other concerning conditions, such as STIs and cervical cancer. […] While theres no magic wand to eliminate all risk, there are easy ways to lower your chances of developing BV: […] Avoid douching and using other vaginal cleaning products. Your vagina is self-cleaning there is no need to use anything else unless prescribed by a provider. And you dont need fancy soaps or powders to wash your vulva. All you need is warm water and a gentle washcloth to stay clean. […] Use protection during sex. Condoms and barriers can help reduce the risk of BV while also lowering your risk of STIs. […] Maintain a healthy diet. Some research suggests that eating a diet high in saturated fat can increase the risk of getting BV. […] Quit smoking. Tobacco use can alter your vaginal chemistry and heighten your risk of BV.

• #45 How to Stop Recurring BV Infections Permanently

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-recurring-bv-infections-permanently

  You can prevent bacterial vaginosis by taking proper care of your vaginal health, avoiding tight underwear, taking probiotics, and more. These strategies can also help you prevent recurrence if you’ve been treated before. […] Taking the following steps may help reduce your risk of recurring BV infections. […] Avoid douching, which can increase your risk of developing BV. […] Your underwear may influence the overall health of your vagina. In general, it’s a good idea to choose underwear that’s loose-fitting, lightweight, breathable, and made from a natural fabric, like cotton. […] Speak to your healthcare provider if you’re considering this option to make sure it’s safe for you. […] Consistently using condoms may prevent the infection from returning. […] Maintaining a vaginal pH that’s slightly acidic may help prevent reinfection. […] Taking oral Lactobacillus after antibiotic treatment for BV may prevent reinfection. […] Reducing your stress levels may also help keep recurring infections at bay.

• #46 Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis | Fleurstat

  https://www.fleurstat.com.au/bacterial-vaginosis/how-to-prevent-bacterial-vaginosis/

  It is common for bacterial vaginosis (BV) to come back, even after effective treatment has resolved your symptoms. […] Almost 1 in 4 women may experience recurrent bacterial vaginosis within 1 month of treatment, so its important to do everything you can to minimise the chances of this happening to you. […] It may be tempting to try and be over clean to avoid getting BV again, but this may have the opposite effect. Its important to remember that BV occurs when your natural good bacteria are killed off, which allows bad bacteria to move in and cause BV. […] Using harsh antibacterial soaps or douching (spraying water into the vagina) can actually increase the chances of getting BV by disrupting your normal, healthy bacteria. […] Reduce the risk of recurrence by following these steps: Clean yourself with mild soap and water (on the outside only the vagina is self-cleaning)

• #47 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) […] Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] Consistent use of condoms by all sex partners can also reduce the risk of BV. […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #48 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Having an itchy, painful, smelly vagina is a special kind of terrible. […] If you’re one of the many who get recurrent bacterial vaginosis, you have our condolences — we know how frustrating it can be. […] Whether you’re prone to bacterial vaginosis or have never had it but want to avoid it, there are some things you can do to prevent it. […] Finish your full course of antibiotics If your doctor prescribes antibiotics to treat bacterial vaginosis, make sure you take all of them as prescribed. Stopping antibiotics early can prevent them from fully eradicating the infection, making it more likely to return. […] Try boric acid capsules (in the vagina) Boric acid is often recommended by doctors to help treat bacterial vaginosis. It’s generally safe to use as long as you insert it into your vagina — never take it orally. It’s also only shown to be effective in addition to, not instead of, antibiotics.

• #49 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #50 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #51 Home remedies for bacterial vaginosis: Probiotics, garlic, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317562

  Probiotics and other supplements may help treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) without antibiotics. Using barrier protection and practicing proper hygiene can also reduce the risk of developing BV. […] Sexual practices that disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina may play a role in BV development. Strategies that lower the risk include: […] Using barrier protection: Using condoms and other barrier protections for all forms of penetrative sex can reduce the risk of BV. […] People who think they have BV should either abstain from sex or practice sex with barrier protection until the infection is gone. […] Safe hygiene practices may help reduce a person’s risk of developing BV. […] To reduce the risk of developing or worsening BV, the following may help: avoiding scented vaginal products, abstaining from douche usage, washing the vagina with water only, wearing breathable cotton underwear, keeping the vaginal area dry, washing the hands before touching the vagina.

• #52 The truth about bacterial vaginosis: It’s nothing you did wrong | Women’s Health | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/bacterial-vaginosis/

  The best way to prevent BV is to have regular checkups with your gynecologist. […] Going to your gynecologist or womens health provider regularly is the best way to detect and prevent BV, even if youre asymptomatic. Routine checkups can also identify other concerning conditions, such as STIs and cervical cancer. […] While theres no magic wand to eliminate all risk, there are easy ways to lower your chances of developing BV: […] Avoid douching and using other vaginal cleaning products. Your vagina is self-cleaning there is no need to use anything else unless prescribed by a provider. And you dont need fancy soaps or powders to wash your vulva. All you need is warm water and a gentle washcloth to stay clean. […] Use protection during sex. Condoms and barriers can help reduce the risk of BV while also lowering your risk of STIs. […] Maintain a healthy diet. Some research suggests that eating a diet high in saturated fat can increase the risk of getting BV. […] Quit smoking. Tobacco use can alter your vaginal chemistry and heighten your risk of BV.

• #53 Bacterial Vaginosis: Treatments, Symptoms, and FAQ

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-forbacterial-vaginosis

  Bacterial vaginosis is common in people with a vagina. Although it can clear up on its own, getting treatment can lower your chance of complications and health risks. […] Although BV can’t always be prevented, you can take the following precautions against BV: avoid douching, use a daily probiotic, use condoms. […] For instance, these steps may lower your risk of BV: avoid douching, use a daily probiotic, use condoms. […] If you have BV, you could try taking probiotics daily to help treat and prevent future cases of this condition. Probiotics are available in everyday foods as well as supplements. […] If you’re pregnant, it’s wise to get treatment for BV as soon as possible. That’s because BV can increase the risk of early delivery and other complications. […] It’s safe to take antibiotics for BV while you’re pregnant. A vaginal suppository antibiotic is typically prescribed to avoid side effects like nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, heartburn, and others.

• #54 Frontiers | Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2023.1100029/full

  Probiotics containing Lactobacillus are often used and marketed for the management of BV and may be beneficial in preventing recurrent BV through recolonization of the vaginal microbiota. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV. […] The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There are a variety of agents that are purported to target biofilms. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] Existing research suggests that copper IUDs may increase risk of BV, while condoms and hormonal forms of contraception may decrease risk of BV. […] In today’s health care climate, many now turn to the internet for answers to their medical questions. Online forums and articles describe several “home remedies” to cure BV. […] Despite high prevalence of BV worldwide and the inability of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure, few effective alternative treatment options exist.

• #55 Probiotics for Bacterial Vaginosis: What to Know

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/probiotics-for-bacterial-vaginosis-5272217

  Probiotics can help keep the natural flora in the vagina balanced. This creates an environment where good bacteria thrive, which keeps bad bacteria from overgrowing. […] After your initial BV has been cured, taking probiotics may reduce your chances of BV returning by almost half. This effect may last for one month or more.

• #56 Harnessing Probiotics and Prebiotics for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis – Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia

  https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol21no4/harnessing-probiotics-and-prebiotics-for-the-prophylaxis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis/

  Harnessing Probiotics and Prebiotics for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. Biotech Res Asia 2024;21(4). […] Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the prevalent condition of reproductive-age women in the general population. […] Hence alternative treatment methods like the use of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention of bacterial vaginosis and other bacterial infections will be more effective. […] The current review focuses on the role of probiotics and prebiotics and the combined effect of both for the treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial vaginosis and other bacterial infections. […] The use of probiotics and prebiotics could be a potent alternative remedy for bacterial vaginosis and other bacterial infections and helps to optimize, maintain, and restore the vaginal acidic environment and vaginal ecosystem. […] Many single and multi-probiotic strains, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lact. acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lact. gasseri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis, Lact. delbrueckii, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, B. longum, Bifdobacterium bifdum, etc are well-studied and characterized and commercially available for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis.

• #57 The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41522-022-00295-y

  Combinations of antibiotics and probiotic treatments have been previously attempted. […] Given that orally administered antibiotics influence the whole gut microbiome, we propose larger randomized cohort studies with Lactobacillus crispatus delivered directly to the vagina after pretreatment with antibiotics administered vaginally that reduce the influence of BV-related bacteria. […] Overall, VMT presents a promising way to combine antibiotic treatment and restoration of the vaginal microbiome to combat vaginosis-related bacteria. […] The golden age for restoring the vaginal microbiome to decrease BV and its recurrence has begun. […] We believe there is a great opportunity to use vaginal Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus crispatus, instead of gut Lactobacillus species as in earlier clinical trials, administered directly into the genital tract in combination with pretreatments such as vaginal antibiotic treatment, anti-biofilm, or antimicrobial agents for BV treatment.

• #58 Harnessing Probiotics and Prebiotics for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis – Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia

  https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol21no4/harnessing-probiotics-and-prebiotics-for-the-prophylaxis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis/

  Worldwide studies on probiotics, prebiotics, and commercial synbiotic products for vaginal health are in a nascent state. […] Hence, interventions in prebiotics and probiotics for urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis are inevitable, as many women are suffering from this recurrent and chronic problem. […] Probiotics are active microorganisms that colonize the human intestinal and reproductive tract and provide health benefits to the host. […] There is growing evidence that probiotics are more effective than other treatment aids for the management and prevention of bacterial vaginosis. […] Probiotics in combination with prebiotics (Synbiotics) are found to be effective in the prevention of recurrent BV with higher clinical and microbiological cure rates. […] Thus, combination can help restore the natural balance of vaginal flora and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. […] Therefore, it is emergent to study and develop probiotic-based biotherapeutic formulations for the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and the betterment of women’s lives.

• #59 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There is no reliable evidence that pH modulators alone are effective at treating BV or that they are more effective than existing antibiotic treatments. […] Douching should be discouraged.

• #60 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Avoid wearing tight underwear Tight underwear or underwear made from non-breathable fabric (like silk or polyester) can prevent airflow and encourage bacteria to grow. […] Take a probiotic This one is controversial, as there still isn’t much research on whether probiotics actually do much to help treat or prevent bacterial vaginosis. […] Until more robust treatments are widely available, it’s important to finish your full course of antibiotics if you have bacterial vaginosis, and never hesitate to talk with your doctor if the condition comes back post-treatment.

• #61 The Role of Lactic Acid in the Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9879/2/3/14

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome. […] Lactic acid has been put forward as a potential treatment or for prophylaxis of BV due to its ability to restore the imbalance of the vaginal microbiota and to promote the disruption of vaginal pathogenic bacterial biofilms, which might trigger BV recurrence. […] Among these additional therapies, lactic acid has been put forward as a potential candidate for the prophylaxis and treatment of BV. […] The use of lactic acid gel is preferred by patients as prophylactic treatment or in mild BV cases. […] Treatment of recurrent BV with lactic acid in addition to the recommended guidelines with antibiotics is advised to promote prevention of BV recurrence and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.

• #62 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There is no reliable evidence that pH modulators alone are effective at treating BV or that they are more effective than existing antibiotic treatments. […] Douching should be discouraged.

• #63 Efficacy of Vitamin C Vaginal Tablets as Prophylaxis for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial | Krasnopolsky | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/1489/667

  Efficacy of Vitamin C Vaginal Tablets as Prophylaxis for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial […] Previous studies have suggested that vaginal vitamin C may be a useful treatment in reducing recurrence rate, by increasing vaginal acidification and thereby making up for the decrease in hydrogen peroxide that results from a reduction in the number of lactobacilli present. Based on the above-mentioned consideration, a study was performed that aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C in the prophylaxis of BV relapses. […] The study showed that regular use of 250 mg ascorbic acid vaginal tablets on 6 days per month for 6 months after successful treatment of bacterial vaginosis halves the risk of recurrence from 32.4% to 16.2% (P = 0.024).

• #64 Efficacy of Vitamin C Vaginal Tablets as Prophylaxis for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial | Krasnopolsky | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

  https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/1489/667

  The main goal of BV therapy and, in particular, of BV prevention is to keep the vaginal pH at 4.5 or lower, in order to prevent the overgrowth of pathogens until the normal lactobacilli are re-established and able to maintain the pH themselves. […] A therapeutic approach in the treatment of BV relapse is to re-establish and maintain the physiological acidity of the vagina, as the growth of anaerobes and other faecal bacteria is inhibited by low pH. […] The results of the present study show that 250 mg ascorbic acid vaginal tablets taken 6 days per month safely halves the risk of BV recurrence from 32.4% to 16.2% during a 6-month prophylactic treatment. […] In conclusion, regular use of silicon-coated vitamin C (250 mg) tablets, after the standard antibiotic treatment for BV, protects women by reducing the risk of recurrence probably by re-establishing the normal lactobacilli flora that is able to maintain vaginal pH.

• #65 The Role of Lactic Acid in the Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9879/2/3/14

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome. […] Lactic acid has been put forward as a potential treatment or for prophylaxis of BV due to its ability to restore the imbalance of the vaginal microbiota and to promote the disruption of vaginal pathogenic bacterial biofilms, which might trigger BV recurrence. […] Among these additional therapies, lactic acid has been put forward as a potential candidate for the prophylaxis and treatment of BV. […] The use of lactic acid gel is preferred by patients as prophylactic treatment or in mild BV cases. […] Treatment of recurrent BV with lactic acid in addition to the recommended guidelines with antibiotics is advised to promote prevention of BV recurrence and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.

• #66 Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/2/gp/antibiotic-prescribing/conditions-and-treatments/genital/bacterial-vaginosis/

  It is important to establish the risk of a sexually transmitted cause of vaginal discharge on the basis of sexual history. […] For women experiencing repeated episodes of bacterial vaginosis: Check continued exposure to contributing factors (unprotected sexual intercourse, vaginal douching, smoking. Further information is available in the Bacterial vaginosis patient information leaflet. […] Women may benefit from using lactic acid vaginal gels to facilitate restoration of the normal vaginal flora. Preparations are available over the counter in pharmacies.

• #67 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Having an itchy, painful, smelly vagina is a special kind of terrible. […] If you’re one of the many who get recurrent bacterial vaginosis, you have our condolences — we know how frustrating it can be. […] Whether you’re prone to bacterial vaginosis or have never had it but want to avoid it, there are some things you can do to prevent it. […] Finish your full course of antibiotics If your doctor prescribes antibiotics to treat bacterial vaginosis, make sure you take all of them as prescribed. Stopping antibiotics early can prevent them from fully eradicating the infection, making it more likely to return. […] Try boric acid capsules (in the vagina) Boric acid is often recommended by doctors to help treat bacterial vaginosis. It’s generally safe to use as long as you insert it into your vagina — never take it orally. It’s also only shown to be effective in addition to, not instead of, antibiotics.

• #68 Online Prescription & OTC BV Treatment | Wisp

  https://hellowisp.com/shop/vaginal-health/bacterial-vaginosis?srsltid=AfmBOoqGOpQJCDX9zu6ALs1F_mVrbxO1ExropFawWKf1VRmgjpnHsDDv

  Boric Acid Suppositories is an over-the-counter vaginal suppository custom-made to help prevent relieve infections. […] Over-the-counter BV prevention, like Boric Acid, helps restore balance to prevent chronic symptoms.

• #69 How Safe is Boric Acid for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

  https://www.health.com/condition/sexual-health/boric-acid-treatment-bacterial-vaginosis

  A healthcare provider may recommend boric acid suppositories if you get frequent infections. […] Boric acid vaginal suppositories are considered safe and sometimes used to treat recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) when combined with antibiotics. […] If you’re prone to BV, the following may help prevent infections: Avoiding douches and scented vaginal products, Using condoms and dental dams, Wearing cotton underwear.

• #70 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Having an itchy, painful, smelly vagina is a special kind of terrible. […] If you’re one of the many who get recurrent bacterial vaginosis, you have our condolences — we know how frustrating it can be. […] Whether you’re prone to bacterial vaginosis or have never had it but want to avoid it, there are some things you can do to prevent it. […] Finish your full course of antibiotics If your doctor prescribes antibiotics to treat bacterial vaginosis, make sure you take all of them as prescribed. Stopping antibiotics early can prevent them from fully eradicating the infection, making it more likely to return. […] Try boric acid capsules (in the vagina) Boric acid is often recommended by doctors to help treat bacterial vaginosis. It’s generally safe to use as long as you insert it into your vagina — never take it orally. It’s also only shown to be effective in addition to, not instead of, antibiotics.

• #71 Chronic and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis | Dr. Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/services/vulval-and-vaginal-skin-disorders/chronic-and-recurrent-bacterial-vaginosis/

  Due to the cause and development of BV being so misunderstood it can be difficult to make measures to prevent it from occurring. Reducing certain risk factors, such as avoiding the use of vaginal douches, and taking all medications directed when being treated for BV, can help reduce a womans risk of developing the condition again. […] Recent studies show prophylactic (preventative) treatment of BV lasting six to 12 months can be particularly effective in cases of recurrent BV. Recurrent BV is best treated with a combination of oral and vaginal medications over 3 to 6 months.

• #72 Monthly Prophylaxis to Prevent Vaginal Infectionslogo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na38274/2015/06/18/monthly-prophylaxis-prevent-vaginal-infections

  Five days monthly of intravaginal metronidazole and miconazole had some effect. […] At 1 year, the women who received active drugs were about 35% less likely to have been diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis than were placebo recipients. […] Although a 35% reduction in relative risk is not dramatic, this regimen seems safe enough to suggest to women who are plagued by moderately frequent recurrences of bacterial vaginosis.

• #73 Chronic and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis | Dr. Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/services/vulval-and-vaginal-skin-disorders/chronic-and-recurrent-bacterial-vaginosis/

  Due to the cause and development of BV being so misunderstood it can be difficult to make measures to prevent it from occurring. Reducing certain risk factors, such as avoiding the use of vaginal douches, and taking all medications directed when being treated for BV, can help reduce a womans risk of developing the condition again. […] Recent studies show prophylactic (preventative) treatment of BV lasting six to 12 months can be particularly effective in cases of recurrent BV. Recurrent BV is best treated with a combination of oral and vaginal medications over 3 to 6 months.

• #74 Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10264601/

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis worldwide and is associated with serious reproductive health outcomes, including increased risk of preterm birth, sexually transmitted infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease. […] In the absence of an effective long-term cure, patients, providers, and researchers are exploring different approaches to treatment and prevention, resulting in a rapid evolution of perspectives on BV pathogenesis and approaches to management. Current areas of investigation for BV management include probiotics, vaginal microbiome transplantation, pH modulation, and biofilm disruption. Behavioral modifications that may help include smoking cessation, condom use and hormonal contraception. […] The failure of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure for BV has led many women and clinicians to consider alternative therapies. The focus of this review is to discuss the evidence for potential non-antibiotic therapeutic and preventive options for BV, including those currently under investigation and those more informally used.

• #75 Frontiers | Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2023.1100029/full

  Probiotics containing Lactobacillus are often used and marketed for the management of BV and may be beneficial in preventing recurrent BV through recolonization of the vaginal microbiota. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV. […] The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There are a variety of agents that are purported to target biofilms. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] Existing research suggests that copper IUDs may increase risk of BV, while condoms and hormonal forms of contraception may decrease risk of BV. […] In today’s health care climate, many now turn to the internet for answers to their medical questions. Online forums and articles describe several “home remedies” to cure BV. […] Despite high prevalence of BV worldwide and the inability of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure, few effective alternative treatment options exist.

• #76 The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41522-022-00295-y

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the vaginal microbiome presents an overgrowth of obligate and facultative anaerobes, which disturbs the vaginal microbiome balance. […] Live biopharmaceutical products/probiotics and vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) have also been tested in clinical trials for BV. […] Here, we propose a great opportunity for large clinical trials with probiotic strains isolated from the vaginal tract (e.g., Lactobacillus crispatus) and administered directly into the vagina after pretreatment. […] The standard of care treatment for BV is antibiotics. […] Restoring the vaginal microbiome after antibiotic treatment (e.g., with probiotics or VMT) will assist the recovery of the vaginal environment and complete the whole treatment procedure. […] Thus, it may be necessary to open a niche for probiotic strains to minimize colonization resistance from resident bacteria, especially overgrown biofilm-forming bacteria.

• #77 Trial finds male-partner antibiotic treatment cuts bacterial vaginosis recurrence | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sexually-transmitted-infections/trial-finds-male-partner-antibiotic-treatment-cuts-bacterial

  The results of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Australia indicate that the addition of antibiotic treatment for male partners of women who have bacterial vaginosis (BV) significantly reduces recurrence of the infection, researchers reported yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine. […] This successful intervention is relatively cheap and short and has the potential for the first time to not only improve BV cure for women, but opens up exciting new opportunities for BV prevention, and prevention of the serious complications associated with BV. […] „Despite these limitations, this trial provides data critical to educating clinicians and patients about the role of sexual transmission of bacterial vaginosis associated bacteria and the benefit of male-partner treatment,” Christina Muzny, MD, MSPH, and Jack Sobel, MD, wrote. „It is time to start the conversation.”

• #78 Bacterial vaginosis – STI Testing and Prevention – Stay STI Free

  https://www.staystifree.org.au/get-the-facts/bacterial-vaginosis

  BV-causing bacteria can be transmitted during sexual activity. […] Condoms reduce the risk of BV. […] Treating regular sexual partners who have a penis, at the same time as the person with BV is receiving treatment, improves BV cure. […] People who have an untreated regular sex partner are at higher risk for recurrent BV infections. […] A major reason for this is the carriage of BV-bacteria on the genitals of untreated partners, which gets transmitted back into the vagina during sex and causes reinfection. […] Use barrier protection such as a condom (or dental dam) during sex. […] Avoid douching or using any water, soaps or feminine washes inside the vagina. These are harmful to the good bacteria (known as lactobacilli) that protect the vagina.

• #79 Frontiers | Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2023.1100029/full

  Probiotics containing Lactobacillus are often used and marketed for the management of BV and may be beneficial in preventing recurrent BV through recolonization of the vaginal microbiota. […] Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is a novel therapeutic option currently under investigation for prevention of recurrent BV. […] The administration of lactic acid, and other pH modulators, therefore, may hold potential in the management of BV. […] There are a variety of agents that are purported to target biofilms. […] Smoking is a modifiable risk factor of BV and is an important lifestyle change to consider in its management. […] Existing research suggests that copper IUDs may increase risk of BV, while condoms and hormonal forms of contraception may decrease risk of BV. […] In today’s health care climate, many now turn to the internet for answers to their medical questions. Online forums and articles describe several “home remedies” to cure BV. […] Despite high prevalence of BV worldwide and the inability of antibiotics to provide a long-term cure, few effective alternative treatment options exist.

• #80 Family

  https://patents.google.com/patent/US9155760B2/en

  the present invention relates to a method of treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial vaginosis, or alleviation or prophylaxis of one or more symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. Methods of prophylaxis of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis are also described. […] the present invention is predicted at least in part on the observation that a dendrimer microbicidal agent has selective antibacterial activity against anaerobic bacteria such as G. vaginalis while having no or low antibacterial activity against normal vaginal Lactobacillus flora. It was also observed that the dendrimer microbicidal agent has particular activity when administered in an amount of 40 to 100 mg per day in a single dose. […] a method of prophylaxis or reduction of recurrence of BV in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a macromolecule comprising a polylysine, polyamidoamine, poly(etherhydroxylamine) or poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer of 1 to 5 generations and one or more sulfonic acid-containing moieties attached to one or more surface amino groups of the outermost generation of the dendrimer, wherein said effective amount is administered 1 to 7 times per week.

• #81 New guidelines for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis

  Updated guidelines recommend various oral and intravaginal treatment methods for women with symptomatic BV. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support the use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] The guidelines do not recommend routine screening for BV among asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery. […] BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women, so as to reduce the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometriosis. […] Studies show that, for pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery, asymptomatic BV treatment does not reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, asymptomatic BV treatment of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery, according to seven studies, produced mixed results: one revealed harm, two reported no benefit, and four demonstrated benefit.

• #82 Recommendation: Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Persons to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bacterial-vaginosis-in-pregnancy-to-prevent-preterm-delivery-screening

  The USPSTF recommends against screening for bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnant persons who are not at increased risk for preterm delivery. […] The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for BV in pregnant persons who are at increased risk for preterm delivery. […] Do not screen for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant persons who have no signs or symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. […] Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against screening pregnant persons at increased risk for preterm delivery. […] This recommendation statement applies to pregnant persons without symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. […] The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnant persons not at increased risk for preterm delivery has no net benefit in preventing preterm delivery.

• #83 Recommendation: Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Persons to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bacterial-vaginosis-in-pregnancy-to-prevent-preterm-delivery-screening

  The USPSTF concludes that for pregnant persons at increased risk for preterm delivery, the evidence is insufficient and conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. […] Most organizations in the US do not recommend screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that evidence does not support routine screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery.

• #84 Recommendation: Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Persons to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bacterial-vaginosis-in-pregnancy-to-prevent-preterm-delivery-screening

  The USPSTF concludes that for pregnant persons at increased risk for preterm delivery, the evidence is insufficient and conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. […] Most organizations in the US do not recommend screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that evidence does not support routine screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery.

• #85 New guidelines for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis

  Updated guidelines recommend various oral and intravaginal treatment methods for women with symptomatic BV. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support the use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] The guidelines do not recommend routine screening for BV among asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery. […] BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women, so as to reduce the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometriosis. […] Studies show that, for pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery, asymptomatic BV treatment does not reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, asymptomatic BV treatment of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery, according to seven studies, produced mixed results: one revealed harm, two reported no benefit, and four demonstrated benefit.

• #86 Management of Bacterial Vaginosis During Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0315/p1215.html

  Clearly, a casual approach to pregnant women with symptoms or clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis appears unjustified. Symptomatic pregnant women with confirmed bacterial vaginosis should be treated. […] Several researchers have demonstrated that treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women reduces the rate of preterm birth. […] Recent guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend treating asymptomatic high-risk pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. […] The effectiveness of screening patients to prevent potentially serious sequelae depends on the prevalence of the condition in the population at risk, readily available and accurate diagnostic tests, consequences of the untreated condition, effective therapy and the overall cost-effectiveness of such intervention.

• #87 Management of Bacterial Vaginosis During Pregnancy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0315/p1215.html

  Current CDC guidelines recommend screening early in the second trimester. […] Therefore, currently only women determined to be at high risk for preterm delivery should be considered candidates for screening for bacterial vaginosis. […] In summary, women with bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy should be aggressively evaluated and effectively treated. This is particularly true for women considered at high risk for pregnancy-related complications. Asymptomatic pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis may also benefit from therapy. […] Universal screening of pregnant women for bacterial vaginosis is not currently recommended, but women at high risk for preterm birth may benefit from early second trimester screening for bacterial vaginosis.

• #88 New guidelines for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis

  Updated guidelines recommend various oral and intravaginal treatment methods for women with symptomatic BV. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support the use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] The guidelines do not recommend routine screening for BV among asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery. […] BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women, so as to reduce the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometriosis. […] Studies show that, for pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery, asymptomatic BV treatment does not reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, asymptomatic BV treatment of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery, according to seven studies, produced mixed results: one revealed harm, two reported no benefit, and four demonstrated benefit.

• #89 Bacterial Vaginosis: Treatments, Symptoms, and FAQ

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-forbacterial-vaginosis

  Bacterial vaginosis is common in people with a vagina. Although it can clear up on its own, getting treatment can lower your chance of complications and health risks. […] Although BV can’t always be prevented, you can take the following precautions against BV: avoid douching, use a daily probiotic, use condoms. […] For instance, these steps may lower your risk of BV: avoid douching, use a daily probiotic, use condoms. […] If you have BV, you could try taking probiotics daily to help treat and prevent future cases of this condition. Probiotics are available in everyday foods as well as supplements. […] If you’re pregnant, it’s wise to get treatment for BV as soon as possible. That’s because BV can increase the risk of early delivery and other complications. […] It’s safe to take antibiotics for BV while you’re pregnant. A vaginal suppository antibiotic is typically prescribed to avoid side effects like nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, heartburn, and others.

• #90 New guidelines for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis

  Updated guidelines recommend various oral and intravaginal treatment methods for women with symptomatic BV. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support the use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] The guidelines do not recommend routine screening for BV among asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery. […] BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women, so as to reduce the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometriosis. […] Studies show that, for pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery, asymptomatic BV treatment does not reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, asymptomatic BV treatment of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery, according to seven studies, produced mixed results: one revealed harm, two reported no benefit, and four demonstrated benefit.

• #91 New guidelines for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-updates-guidelines-for-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis

  Updated guidelines recommend various oral and intravaginal treatment methods for women with symptomatic BV. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support the use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] The guidelines do not recommend routine screening for BV among asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery. […] BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women, so as to reduce the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometriosis. […] Studies show that, for pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery, asymptomatic BV treatment does not reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, asymptomatic BV treatment of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery, according to seven studies, produced mixed results: one revealed harm, two reported no benefit, and four demonstrated benefit.

• #92 The Role of Lactic Acid in the Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9879/2/3/14

  Treatment of BV during pregnancy with lactic acid showed a positive change in the vaginal microbiota by restoring normal lactobacilli levels and vaginal acidity. […] Given the beneficial effects of lactic acid, low associated risks, minimal side effects, high acceptance, and ease of use, treatment with lactic acid should be promoted in this population in case BV is suspected. […] In case of mixed infections of BV with VVC or trichomoniasis, it is encouraged to focus first on the treatment of VVC with antimycotic treatments or on therapy against trichomoniasis by a single dose of oral metronidazole or tinidazole. […] The combination of lactic acid as a standalone or in combination with antibiotic therapy should also be encouraged.

• #93 The Role of Lactic Acid in the Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9879/2/3/14

  Treatment of BV during pregnancy with lactic acid showed a positive change in the vaginal microbiota by restoring normal lactobacilli levels and vaginal acidity. […] Given the beneficial effects of lactic acid, low associated risks, minimal side effects, high acceptance, and ease of use, treatment with lactic acid should be promoted in this population in case BV is suspected. […] In case of mixed infections of BV with VVC or trichomoniasis, it is encouraged to focus first on the treatment of VVC with antimycotic treatments or on therapy against trichomoniasis by a single dose of oral metronidazole or tinidazole. […] The combination of lactic acid as a standalone or in combination with antibiotic therapy should also be encouraged.

• #94 About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/index.html

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, treatable, vaginal condition. […] Douching, not using condoms, and having new or multiple sex partners can upset the normal balance of vaginal bacteria, increasing your risk for getting BV. […] The following basic prevention steps may help lower your risk of getting BV: Not having sex, Limiting your number of sex partners, Not douching, Using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] Healthcare providers and scientists do not completely understand how BV spreads or know how best to prevent it.

• #95 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, sexual relationships with more than one person, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity. […] Male circumcision reduces the risk for BV among women. […] Hormonal contraception does not increase risk for BV and might protect against BV development. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Data from earlier clinical trials indicate that a woman’s response to therapy and the likelihood of relapse or recurrence are not affected by treatment of her sex partner. Therefore, routine treatment of sex partners is not recommended.

• #96 Bacterial vaginosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352279

  To help prevent bacterial vaginosis: […] Don’t use scented products. Wash your genitals with warm water only. Scented soaps and other scented products may inflame vaginal tissues. Use unscented tampons or pads only. […] Don’t douche. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. It may even make it worse. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Douching disrupts the vaginal flora, raising your risk of infection. […] Practice safe sex. To lower your risk of STIs, use latex condoms or dental dams. Clean any sex toys. Limit your number of sex partners or don’t have sex.

• #97 About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/index.html

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, treatable, vaginal condition. […] Douching, not using condoms, and having new or multiple sex partners can upset the normal balance of vaginal bacteria, increasing your risk for getting BV. […] The following basic prevention steps may help lower your risk of getting BV: Not having sex, Limiting your number of sex partners, Not douching, Using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] Healthcare providers and scientists do not completely understand how BV spreads or know how best to prevent it.

• #98 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) […] Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] Consistent use of condoms by all sex partners can also reduce the risk of BV. […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #99 About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/index.html

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, treatable, vaginal condition. […] Douching, not using condoms, and having new or multiple sex partners can upset the normal balance of vaginal bacteria, increasing your risk for getting BV. […] The following basic prevention steps may help lower your risk of getting BV: Not having sex, Limiting your number of sex partners, Not douching, Using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] Healthcare providers and scientists do not completely understand how BV spreads or know how best to prevent it.

• #100 Bacterial vaginosis primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bacterial_vaginosis_primary_prevention

  Basic effective measures for the primary prevention of bacterial vaginosis include practicing abstinent, limit the number of sex partner, avoid douching and use of condoms and estrogen-containing contraceptives. […] Most cases of bacterial vaginosis occur in sexually active women between the ages of 15 and 44, especially after contact with a new partner. Condoms may provide some protection. Although BV appears to be associated with sexual activity, there is no clear evidence of sexual transmission. […] Basic effective measures for the primary prevention of bacterial vaginosis infection include: Be abstinent, Use condoms, Limit the number of sex partners, Do not douche, Use of estrogen-containing contraceptives.

• #101 Bacterial vaginosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352279

  To help prevent bacterial vaginosis: […] Don’t use scented products. Wash your genitals with warm water only. Scented soaps and other scented products may inflame vaginal tissues. Use unscented tampons or pads only. […] Don’t douche. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. It may even make it worse. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Douching disrupts the vaginal flora, raising your risk of infection. […] Practice safe sex. To lower your risk of STIs, use latex condoms or dental dams. Clean any sex toys. Limit your number of sex partners or don’t have sex.

• #102 Bacterial Vaginosis — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  Prevention strategies for bacterial vaginosis (BV) focus on maintaining a normal vaginal pH and balance of bacteria. Recommendations include: […] Avoid douching […] Wash genital area with water only; avoid using soap, vaginal wipes, or antiseptics […] Wear cotton underwear […] Use condoms. […] Some patients may find vaginal health probiotics containing lactobacilli or vaginal acidification (eg, using lactic or boric acid) helpful for BV treatment or prophylaxis, although further high-quality randomised trials are needed to draw clear conclusions regarding their efficacy.

• #103 Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/bacterial-vaginosis.html

  BV is not completely understood by scientists, and the best ways to prevent it are unknown. However, it is known that BV is associated with having a new sex partner or having multiple sex partners. […] The following basic prevention steps can help reduce the risk of upsetting the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and developing BV: […] Be abstinent. […] Limit the number of sex partners. […] Do not douche. […] Use all of the medicine prescribed for treatment of BV, even if the signs and symptoms go away.

• #104 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: […] Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #105 Bacterial vaginosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/

  There are things you can do to help relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial vaginosis returning. […] use water and plain soap to wash your genital area […] have showers instead of baths […] do not use perfumed soaps, bubble bath, shampoo or shower gel in the bath […] do not use vaginal deodorants, washes or douches […] do not put antiseptic liquids in the bath […] do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear […] do not smoke.

• #106 Think You Have a Vaginal Infection? Here’s What You Need to Know. | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/think-you-have-a-vaginal-infection-heres-what-you-need-to-know

  You can take steps to prevent infections. […] Preventing vaginal infections comes down to preserving the delicate balance of organisms in your vagina. Here are a few tips you can try. […] Keep your vaginal area dry. Towel-dry after every bath or shower. Change out of wet clothes promptly after swimming or working out. […] Wash your pubic area gently with warm water. Soap is not needed on your vulva and should never be used in your vagina. […] Wear cotton underwear. Cotton lets your vaginal area breathe more than synthetic fabrics. […] Use condoms during sex. This can prevent new organisms from entering your vagina. […] Clean reusable products like menstrual cups, diaphragms, cervical caps, and spermicide applicators after every use. […] Take probiotics or eat more yogurt. These can help boost the levels of healthy bacteria in your body. Look for yogurts that contain live and active cultures.

• #107 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  Having an itchy, painful, smelly vagina is a special kind of terrible. […] If you’re one of the many who get recurrent bacterial vaginosis, you have our condolences — we know how frustrating it can be. […] Whether you’re prone to bacterial vaginosis or have never had it but want to avoid it, there are some things you can do to prevent it. […] Finish your full course of antibiotics If your doctor prescribes antibiotics to treat bacterial vaginosis, make sure you take all of them as prescribed. Stopping antibiotics early can prevent them from fully eradicating the infection, making it more likely to return. […] Try boric acid capsules (in the vagina) Boric acid is often recommended by doctors to help treat bacterial vaginosis. It’s generally safe to use as long as you insert it into your vagina — never take it orally. It’s also only shown to be effective in addition to, not instead of, antibiotics.

• #108 Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis | Fleurstat

  https://www.fleurstat.com.au/bacterial-vaginosis/how-to-prevent-bacterial-vaginosis/

  Avoid fragranced products or bubble baths […] Use unscented tampons or sanitary pads […] Use condoms when having sex […] Limit your number of new sexual partners […] Using hormonal contraception may also lower the risk of BV. […] Fleurstat BVgel prevents recurrent BV by forming a physical barrier that blocks the attachment of BV-causing bacteria to the vaginal lining. […] If you experience recurrent BV (typically 3 or more episodes in a 12-month period), you can use Fleurstat BVgel when you dont have symptoms to help prevent recurrent BV and its symptoms.

• #109 Bacterial vaginosis: drivers of recurrence and challenges and opportunities in partner treatment | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-02077-3

  We will outline the opportunities that sexual partner treatment may afford to women with BV and discuss the challenges faced when conducting partner treatment trials. […] The contribution of the cutaneous penile microbiota to BV acquisition in women was evident in a large circumcision trial in sub-Saharan Africa that had a primary aim of reducing HIV transmission. […] Given the compelling epidemiological and microbiological evidence, it is logical to re-visit partner treatment to reduce BVAB carriage and improve long-term BV cure, taking into consideration the challenges faced in conducting these trials. […] The dual-therapy concurrent partner treatment approach is subject to an ongoing RCT. […] Effective concurrent male-partner treatment may only need to disrupt the continued cycle of exposure to BVAB for a short period of time to provide women with an opportunity to recover post-treatment to a Lactobacillus-dominated state, capable of withstanding re-exposure to BVAB from their partner in the future. […] The approach of partner treatment to prevent reinfection is justified.

Zobacz więcej