Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia can be caused by damage to areas of the brain that are vital for memory processing. […] Amnesia can result from damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, which controls emotions and memories. […] Amnesia caused by brain injury or damage is known as neurological amnesia. Possible causes of neurological amnesia include: Stroke. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. […] Another rare type of amnesia, called dissociative amnesia, stems from emotional shock or trauma.

• #1 Amnesia: Types, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-to-know-about-amnesia

  Amnesia can be short or long-lasting, depending on the cause. […] Many parts of your brain are involved in memory. Injuries, diseases, or stressful experiences that affect your brain can also affect your memory. […] Some possible causes of amnesia include: Stroke or mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack, or TIA), Encephalitis or brain inflammation, due to a viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction, Not enough oxygen to your brain, which can happen because of a heart attack or respiratory distress, A brain tumor in areas affecting memory, A brain aneurysm, which is a bulging blood vessel that can rupture, Alcohol, which can cause short-term blackouts as well as longer-term memory problems linked to poor absorption of vitamin B1 (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome), Some medications, including general anesthetics, as well as some drugs used for anxiety, poor sleep, allergies, and other conditions, Seizures, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, Other degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis, Severe head injuries, Complications of brain surgery, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a treatment used for severe depression and some other mental health conditions, Toxins, like carbon monoxide and heavy metals, Emotional stress, often linked to traumatic events.

• #1 Amnesia: Types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9673

  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM5) lists amnesia as a type of dissociative disorder. This usually refers to anterograde or retrograde amnesia caused by psychological trauma or stress without the presence of any physical cause. […] Any intolerable life situation that causes severe psychological stress and internal conflict can lead to some degree of amnesia. Psychological stressors are more likely to disrupt personal, historical memories rather than interfere with forming new memories.

• #1 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Memory loss can also happen in connection with mental health issues. Examples include dissociative disorders, especially dissociative amnesia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (especially complex PTSD). These cases usually involve a traumatic event, or severe mental or emotional distress. Experts dont fully understand why it happens, but they suspect its your brains way of trying to limit or protect you from psychological harm.

• #1 Wait, What’s My Name Again? Here’s What Drugs Cause Amnesia – San Antonio Recovery CenterVisit our FacebookVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelclosebarsangle-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinstagramfacebook-blankrss-blanklinkedin-bla

  https://www.sanantoniorecoverycenter.com/rehab-blog/what-drugs-cause-amnesia/

  Anticholinergics, such as zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zolpidem, can cause amnesia. […] Benzodiazepines like alprazolam can cause anterograde amnesia, especially when taken in high doses or intravenously. […] Also known as Rohypnol and GHB, or “date rape” drugs, Flunitrazepam and Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate cause amnesia. […] Ketamine can cause significant memory blackouts, the severity of which depends on the individual and the dosage. […] Most drug-related amnesia comes and goes in less than a day, then your brain returns to normal. However, many drugs can cause severe memory impairment or cognitive damage that doesn’t simply disappear the way amnesia does.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=confu

  Memory loss that starts suddenly or that clearly interferes with how well you can function in daily life may be a sign of a more serious problem. […] Amnesia is memory loss that may be caused by a head injury, a stroke, or substance use. It can also be caused by a severe emotional event, such as from combat or a car crash. Amnesia may be either short-term or permanent. It depends on what caused it. […] Many prescription and non-prescription medicines can affect your memory. A few examples are: Antidepressants. Antihistamines. Medicines for bladder control problems (anticholinergics).

• #1 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurological-disorders/amnesia/

  Electroconvulsive therapy […] Brain tumors […] Migraine, specifically with transient global amnesia […] Cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen) […] Stroke […] Seizure […] Alzheimers disease and other forms of dementia […] Degenerative brain diseases, such as Parkinsons disease and multiple sclerosis […] Encephalitis (viral infection of the brain) […] Chronic alcohol abuse, which causes a deficiency in thiamin (vitamin B1), resulting in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition affecting brain functioning and memory […] Certain drugs, such as heroin, barbiturates (depressant drugs sometimes used to treat epilepsy and seizures), and sedatives […] Carbon monoxide poisoning, heavy metal poisoning, and other forms of toxin exposure. […] Amnesia can result from various causes, including head trauma and psychological stress.

• #1 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  Short-term alcohol use can cause blackout. This is a temporary form of anterograde amnesia. […] Severe trauma or stress can also cause dissociative amnesia. […] If you receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression or other conditions, you could experience retrograde amnesia of the weeks or months before your treatment.

• #1 Amnesia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/amnesia

  Amnesia is a general term describing memory loss. […] Some of the causes of temporary amnesia include concussion, severe illness and high fever, emotional stress, some drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. […] Causes include head and brain injuries, certain drugs, alcohol, traumatic events, or conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. […] Memory loss can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including: Head injury, Severe illness, High fever, Seizures, Emotional shock or hysteria, Alcohol-related brain damage, Certain drugs, such as barbiturates or heroin, General anaesthetics, Electroconvulsive therapy, Stroke, Transient ischaemic attack (a 'mini stroke’), Alzheimer’s disease, Brain surgery. […] The severity of amnesia depends on the cause. […] In more severe cases, memory loss may be permanent. […] Brain trauma or some types of brain surgery, may damage vital memory structures. […] In Alzheimer’s disease, the person typically remembers past events, but experiences memory losses dating from the onset of their condition.

• #1 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. This confused state isn’t caused by a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. […] The underlying cause of transient global amnesia is unknown. There may be a link between transient global amnesia and a history of migraines. But experts don’t understand the factors that contribute to both conditions. Another possible cause is the overfilling of veins with blood due to some sort of blockage or other problem with the flow of blood (venous congestion). […] While the likelihood of transient global amnesia after these events is very low, some commonly reported events that may trigger it include: Sudden immersion in cold or hot water, Strenuous physical activity, Sexual intercourse, Medical procedures, such as angiography or endoscopy, Mild head trauma, Being emotionally upset, perhaps by bad news, conflict or overwork.

• #1 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21028-transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) causes sudden short-term memory loss that resolves on its own within 24 hours. […] Even though researchers have been studying transient global amnesia for over 50 years, theyre still not sure what causes it or why it happens. […] Researchers dont know the exact cause of transient global amnesia (TGA). But they believe its due to a temporary issue in your hippocampus the part of your brain that plays a significant role in learning and memory. […] Some research suggests that TGA results from a lack of sufficient blood flow (ischemia) or oxygen flow (hypoxia) to your brain. Other research suggests that TGA may be related to seizure activity in your brain. […] Memory problems that develop gradually or last for more than a day arent part of TGA and are likely related to other causes.

• #1 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. […] The etiology of transient global amnesia remains largely unknown, with multiple theories proposed but none conclusively proven. The most supported theory suggests a link to migraines, as 12% to 30% of transient global amnesia patients have a migraine history. Some researchers propose that transient global amnesia may involve cortical spreading depression similar to migraine aura. […] Other suspected causes include vascular phenomena, epilepsy, and psychogenic origins. Studies have both supported and refuted arterial ischemia as a cause. Vascular congestion is a leading hypothesis, yet questions about its association with specific age groups and absence in venous thrombosis remain unresolved. […] Ultimately, no single theory fully explains all clinical aspects of transient global amnesia.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/amnesia

  The chance of developing amnesia might increase if you’ve experienced: Brain surgery, head injury or trauma, Stroke, Alcohol abuse, Seizures. […] Damage to the brain can be a root cause of amnesia. […] A comprehensive evaluation is needed to diagnose amnesia. […] Treatment for amnesia focuses on strategies to help make up for the memory problem. It’s also important to address underlying diseases causing the amnesia.

• #1 Amnesia and the Multiple Memory Systems of the Brain · Frontiers for Young Minds

  https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00045

  The character Dory from Finding Nemo has a memory problem. Poor Dory has a hard time remembering anything. […] Amnesia is usually caused by damage to a special part of the brain called the hippocampus. […] Damaging the hippocampus is the most common way to get amnesia, but damaging other brain areas that communicate with the hippocampus can also cause amnesia. […] Amnesia by itself is very rare, because damage to just the hippocampus is very rare. […] A person can hurt his/her hippocampus by getting very sick with a disease called herpes simplex encephalitis, by having a brain surgery that removes part of the hippocampus, or by having an accident that keeps oxygen from getting to the hippocampus. […] Interestingly, people who have amnesia have a hard time learning some kinds of information, but not other kinds of information.

• #1 Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/amnesia

  Amnesia is total or partial loss of the ability to recall experiences or events that happened in the preceding few seconds, in the preceding few days, further back in time, or after the event that caused the amnesia. […] Because many areas of the brain are involved in memory, damage almost anywhere in the brain can cause amnesia. […] How amnesia is caused is only partly understood. […] The cause of memory loss is treated if possible. […] How amnesia is caused is only partly understood. It may result from a nutritional disorder, particularly thiamin deficiency, which can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. […] A head injury that affects the brain. […] Disorders that reduce the supply of blood or nutrients to the brain (including strokes and cardiac arrest). […] Seizures. […] A brain infection (encephalitis).

• #1 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia can be caused by damage to areas of the brain that are vital for memory processing. […] Amnesia can result from damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, which controls emotions and memories. They include the thalamus found deep within the center of the brain. They also include the hippocampal formations found within the temporal lobes of the brain. […] Amnesia caused by brain injury or damage is known as neurological amnesia. Possible causes of neurological amnesia include: Stroke. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. […] Another rare type of amnesia, called dissociative amnesia, stems from emotional shock or trauma. It can result from being the victim of a violent crime or experiencing other trauma.

• #1 Retrograde Amnesia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Mentalzon

  https://mentalzon.com/en/post/3649/retrograde-amnesia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options

  The damage that leads to this condition may disturb the temporal lobes (critical for long-term memory storage), prefrontal areas (important for organizing and retrieving memories working memory and executive functions), all of which play significant roles in memory formation and recall. […] The primary goal in treating retrograde amnesia is to address the underlying cause of the brain damage. […] Preventing retrograde amnesia, as previously discussed, focuses on reducing the risks of its underlying causes.

• #1 Amnesia | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, & Facts | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/amnesia

  Amnesia, loss of memory that occurs most often as a result of damage to the brain from trauma, stroke, neurological or nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency), alcohol or drug toxicity, or infection. […] Amnesia can be classified in different ways. The most common distinction is between anterograde amnesia, in which events following the causative trauma or disease are forgotten, and retrograde amnesia, in which events preceding the causative event are forgotten. […] In addition, amnesia may be transient, progressive, or permanent. For example, in transient global amnesia, memory loss is complete but temporary, lasting up to 24 hours, after which memory is gradually regained. Memory loss in degenerative brain diseases, on the other hand, tends to be progressive. […] Complete and permanent memory loss can result from excessive alcohol or drug intake that produces a so-called blackout state, during which the brain is unable to record new memories, leaving the individual with no memory of events for the blackout period. […] When amnesia can be traced to severe emotional shock, in which personal memories (e.g., identity) are affected, the condition is typically referred to as dissociative amnesia. This condition seems to represent a psychological escape from or denial of memories that might cause anxiety.

• #1 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Anterograde amnesia is a rare but serious form of memory loss in which a person cannot create new memories after an amnesia-inducing event. It may involve either a partial or total inability to remember new information. […] Drug use, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, illness, and surgery are a few possible causes. […] There are multiple potential causes of anterograde amnesia, all of which involve some sort of trauma or stress to the brain. Factors that can increase the risk of developing anterograde amnesia include: […] Traumatic brain injury: Damage to the hippocampus or surrounding area has been linked to anterograde amnesia. […] Brain inflammation: Inflammation of the brain such as encephalitis has been linked to signs of anterograde amnesia. […] Brain surgery: Patients who had parts of the brain removed, such as the MTL, have been shown to have impairments related to anterograde amnesia.

• #1 Dissociative Amnesia | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/post/dissociative-amnesia-2

  The experience of trauma can change your brain chemistry. […] The stress response triggered by trauma can impact the hippocampus, an important part of the brain for forming and recalling memories, affecting its ability to accurately store and remember memories. […] This change in brain response helps explain why people with trauma-related disorders often experience memory processing and recall issues—possibly including dissociative amnesia.

• #1 United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5992608/

  Amnesia the loss of memory function is often the earliest and most persistent symptom of dementia. It occurs as a consequence of a variety of diseases and injuries. These include neurodegenerative, neurological or immune disorders, drug abuse, stroke or head injuries. […] Amnesia refers to a deficit of memory due to a specific cause. It is a disorder that arises as a consequence of more than 15 different types of diseases and injuries that affect the brain, such as neurodegenerative and neurological diseases, vascular disorders and traumatic lesions. […] Amnesia appears as a consequence of diverse clinical disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD, respectively), depression, and head trauma, among many others. […] The idea that the information survives in the context of the pathology is changing the paradigm of amnesia and instigating the search for therapeutic strategies to make seemingly lost memories obtainable again, rather than simply preventing the memory loss in the first place. Such therapeutics would have wide-ranging utility, since amnesia is a common symptom of many different brain disorders.

• #1 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Amnesia is when you have significant memory loss. There are many possible causes of it. Sometimes its a symptom of other conditions, but it can also happen on its own. It can involve past memories, or you can have trouble making and storing new memories. Treating the underlying cause may reverse it, but some causes are permanent. […] Amnesia can happen for many reasons. The causes fall broadly into two main categories: neurological causes and psychological causes. […] Neurological causes of amnesia all involve damage to your brain or disruptions in brain activity. The possible causes include (but arent limited to) the following: Alcohol intoxication (this can temporarily block the formation of new memories, causing a blackout). Alzheimers disease. Brain aneurysms. Brain tumors (including cancerous and noncancerous growths). Cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen). Drugs and medications (especially certain sedatives and anesthesia medications), including nonmedical drug use. Epilepsy and seizures (especially temporal lobe epilepsy). Frontotemporal dementia. Head injuries like concussions or traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Infections (especially ones that cause encephalitis like herpes simplex virus). Other degenerative brain diseases, like Parkinsons disease or multiple sclerosis (MS). Stroke. Toxins and poisons like carbon monoxide poisoning or heavy metal poisoning. Transient global amnesia. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (this is a severe vitamin B1 deficiency that happens with long-term alcohol use disorder).

• #1 10 conditions that cause memory loss

  https://www.antidote.me/blog/memory-loss-list

  Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can lead to these symptoms, often referred to as brain fog, and can mimic the symptoms of dementia in extreme cases. […] MCI is a condition that is worse than memory loss from normal aging, but not as severe as Alzheimers disease. […] A silent stroke can also lead to more subtle memory problems. […] Excessive alcohol use can have a negative impact on both short- and long-term memory, as it slows the communication between nerves in our brains hippocampus. […] Sleep apnea is associated with both memory loss and dementia, which is unsurprising given that the brain processes new memories while we sleep. […] A diet that is not well-rounded can have a negative impact on brain health.

• #1 Sudden Memory Loss: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/sudden-memory-loss

  Sudden memory loss is usually due to a disease, condition, or event (like surgery) disrupting the way parts of your brain works. […] Many prescription drugs can affect your memory. […] A 2018 review of earlier studies found that people having depression had a reduced ability to recall memories. […] Too little vitamin B12 in your diet can also affect your memory. […] When your thyroid makes too little of its hormones called hypothyroidism your whole body slows down. […] If you binge drink have many drinks in a short time you may sometimes „black out.” […] A fall, car accident, or other hard knock to the head can leave you unable to remember people or events. […] A stroke can cause short-term or long-term memory loss. […] Damage to the brain from a tumor or its treatments can affect memory.

• #1 Retrograde Amnesia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Mentalzon

  https://mentalzon.com/en/post/3649/retrograde-amnesia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options

  Retrograde amnesia is a condition where a person loses memories of events that occurred before a traumatic incident or the onset of a neurological disease. This type of memory loss is commonly seen in cases of traumatic brain injury, stroke, metabolic encephalopathies, and toxic damage to the brain. […] At its essence, retrograde amnesia stems from damage to the brain caused by various factors such as head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), infections like meningitis or encephalitis, and even exposure to toxic substances or metabolic imbalances. […] Specifically, metabolic encephalopathies like Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (caused by thiamine deficiency, often in chronic alcoholism), hypoglycemia (severe low blood sugar), hepatic encephalopathy (liver failure), and uremic encephalopathy (kidney failure) can all lead to retrograde amnesia.

• #1 Dissociative Amnesia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/dissociative-amnesia-understanding-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Those with co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are also at higher risk. […] There is limited evidence suggesting that genetics may play a role in the development of dissociative amnesia. […] Memory loss is the hallmark symptom of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients diagnosed with the condition. […] This memory loss is not due to brain injury or a neurological condition but results from the mind blocking out certain memories, often related to trauma. […] Along with memory loss, difficulty recalling personal information is a key feature of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients. […] In dissociative amnesia, antidepressants may be recommended when depression or anxiety worsens memory loss. […] In dissociative amnesia, these medications may be prescribed if anxiety is contributing to memory loss.

• #1 What is Amnesia? Understanding Memory Loss

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/what-is-amnesia/

  Amnesia is a disorder of a persons memory, manifested in the form of a pathological loss of memories of the circumstances of life. Amnestic syndrome remains a common complication of neurological diseases, mental disorders, chronic intoxication, or acute poisoning. […] The main clinical manifestation is the loss of a persons memories of significant events in the past or the circumstances of recent actions. Amnestic syndrome remains a common manifestation of neurological and psychiatric disorders. […] Experts say that one of the reasons for loss of memory is the presence of mental and neurological diseases. It is in these patients that memory problems are quite often observed. Among the pathologies that can provoke the onset of amnesia, one can distinguish epilepsy, dissociative disorder or multiple personality disorder, hysteria, schizophrenia, and Alzheimers disease.

• #1 Post Traumatic Amnesia After Brain Injury: Causes, Signs, & Tips

  https://www.flintrehab.com/amnesia-after-head-injury/?srsltid=AfmBOopYErl4XPpMSXMB74nH8dk07vv7igCPkDB8I1atUPd_8ulVCTzC

  One stage survivors may experience in the recovery process after brain injury is post-traumatic amnesia. […] When amnesia occurs after a concussion or brain injury it is referred to as post-traumatic amnesia. […] Several regions of the brain are involved in the process of memory including the amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex. Damage to one or more of these areas can often result in post-traumatic amnesia. […] Post-traumatic amnesia typically occurs after a survivor wakes up from a coma, a period of unconsciousness. […] Post-traumatic amnesia can be broken down into several different types: Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia, Dissociative amnesia. […] Post-traumatic amnesia can invoke confusion and frustration in survivors because they have difficulty remembering where they are, how they got there, or any new information since the injury.

• #1 Wait, What’s My Name Again? Here’s What Drugs Cause Amnesia – San Antonio Recovery CenterVisit our FacebookVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelclosebarsangle-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinstagramfacebook-blankrss-blanklinkedin-bla

  https://www.sanantoniorecoverycenter.com/rehab-blog/what-drugs-cause-amnesia/

  In 2017, public health officials in Massachusetts announced an unprecedented event in which 18 people between the ages of 18-52 with a history of opioid use suddenly lost their ability to form memories. MRI scans would show acute damage to the hippocampus area of their brains known as “bilateral hippocampal injury.” By the following year, a total of 40 people had reported similar cases. […] Long-term drug-induced amnesia (like the cases above) is extremely rare, and studies are still ongoing to understand it. However, several drugs have long been known to cause temporary amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] Anterograde amnesia is an experience in which a person is unable to form new memories. A drug-induced anterograde event typically lasts between a few minutes and a few hours, or sometimes for as much as 24 hours.

• #1 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurological-disorders/amnesia/

  While theres no specific treatment for amnesia itself, addressing underlying conditions like infections or managing risk factors such as alcohol abuse can aid recovery. […] For some types of amnesia, memory may return naturally over time. When it doesnt, approaches such as cognitive rehabilitation and occupational therapy can help to maintain daily functioning.

• #2 Amnesia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/amnesia

  Amnesia is a general term describing memory loss. […] Some of the causes of temporary amnesia include concussion, severe illness and high fever, emotional stress, some drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. […] Causes include head and brain injuries, certain drugs, alcohol, traumatic events, or conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. […] Memory loss can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including: Head injury, Severe illness, High fever, Seizures, Emotional shock or hysteria, Alcohol-related brain damage, Certain drugs, such as barbiturates or heroin, General anaesthetics, Electroconvulsive therapy, Stroke, Transient ischaemic attack (a 'mini stroke’), Alzheimer’s disease, Brain surgery. […] The severity of amnesia depends on the cause. […] In more severe cases, memory loss may be permanent. […] Brain trauma or some types of brain surgery, may damage vital memory structures. […] In Alzheimer’s disease, the person typically remembers past events, but experiences memory losses dating from the onset of their condition.

• #2 Amnesia: Types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9673

  Amnesia refers to a large-scale loss of long-term memory due to illness, brain injury, or psychological trauma. […] Any disease or injury that affects the brain can interfere with memory. Memory function engages many different parts of the brain simultaneously. […] Damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, such as the hippocampus and thalamus, can lead to amnesia. The limbic system controls a person’s emotions and memories. […] Amnesia may result from brain injury or damage. Possible causes include stroke, illnesses that cause encephalitis, oxygen deprivation, some medications, subarachnoid hemorrhage, a brain tumor, some seizure disorders, head injuries, and surgery and anesthesia. […] Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition caused by extended alcohol misuse or thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency, can lead to progressive memory loss that worsens over time.

• #2 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Amnesia is when you have significant memory loss. There are many possible causes of it. Sometimes its a symptom of other conditions, but it can also happen on its own. It can involve past memories, or you can have trouble making and storing new memories. Treating the underlying cause may reverse it, but some causes are permanent. […] Amnesia can happen for many reasons. The causes fall broadly into two main categories: neurological causes and psychological causes. […] Neurological causes of amnesia all involve damage to your brain or disruptions in brain activity. The possible causes include (but arent limited to) the following: Alcohol intoxication (this can temporarily block the formation of new memories, causing a blackout). Alzheimers disease. Brain aneurysms. Brain tumors (including cancerous and noncancerous growths). Cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen). Drugs and medications (especially certain sedatives and anesthesia medications), including nonmedical drug use. Epilepsy and seizures (especially temporal lobe epilepsy). Frontotemporal dementia. Head injuries like concussions or traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Infections (especially ones that cause encephalitis like herpes simplex virus). Other degenerative brain diseases, like Parkinsons disease or multiple sclerosis (MS). Stroke. Toxins and poisons like carbon monoxide poisoning or heavy metal poisoning. Transient global amnesia. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (this is a severe vitamin B1 deficiency that happens with long-term alcohol use disorder).

• #2 How to Recover from Memory Loss After a Head Injury

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/memory-loss-after-head-injury

  Some degree of memory loss after a head injury is common. […] This ongoing condition is called post-concussion syndrome (PCS). […] Many PCS patients end up frustrated because traditional treatment approaches do not address the underlying causes of their memory issues. […] What causes post-head injury memory loss. […] Concussions (mild TBI, or mTBI) and other head injuries can affect different types of memory, potentially causing different types of amnesia. […] Anterograde amnesia is the most common type of memory loss after a concussion. […] Patients with this type of memory loss struggle to remember new information but can remember events from before their injury. […] Retrograde amnesia is less common, but it can happen. […] Patients with retrograde amnesia may experience:

• #2 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Memory loss can also happen in connection with mental health issues. Examples include dissociative disorders, especially dissociative amnesia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (especially complex PTSD). These cases usually involve a traumatic event, or severe mental or emotional distress. Experts dont fully understand why it happens, but they suspect its your brains way of trying to limit or protect you from psychological harm.

• #2 Causes of Amnesia – Bay Biosciences

  https://baybiosciences.com/causes-of-amnesia/

  Illnesses that cause encephalitis, or brain inflammation, which typically include bacterial or viral infection or autoimmune reaction. […] Oxygen deprivation, which may result from a heart attack, respiratory distress, or carbon monoxide poisoning. […] Some seizures disorder. […] Subarachnoid hemorrhage, or bleeding in the area between the skull and the brain […] Stroke […] Surgery and anesthesia, which may cause a person to have trouble remembering what happened right before or after the procedure. […] Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition caused by extended alcohol misuse or thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency, can lead to progressive memory loss that worsens over time. […] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM5) lists amnesia as a type of dissociative disorder. This usually refers to anterograde or retrograde amnesia caused by psychological trauma or stress without the presence of any physical cause. […] Any intolerable life situation that causes severe psychological stress and internal conflict can lead to some degree of amnesia. Psychological stressors are more likely to disrupt personal, historical memories rather than interfere with forming new memories.

• #2 Dissociative Amnesia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/dissociative-amnesia-understanding-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Dissociative amnesia is a condition characterized by the inability to recall important personal information, typically following a traumatic or highly stressful event. […] Dissociative amnesia is a mental health condition involving memory loss, often linked to trauma. […] This memory loss is not caused by physical brain injury but rather by a disruption in the brain’s ability to process and store memories. […] Exposure to trauma, particularly during childhood, is one of the most significant risk factors for developing dissociative amnesia. […] Individuals who have experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse are at a higher risk for dissociative disorders, including dissociative amnesia. […] Although dissociative amnesia is primarily psychological, certain medical factors can contribute to or worsen symptoms.

• #2 Dissociative Amnesia | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/post/dissociative-amnesia-2

  Significant memory loss linked to trauma may be dissociative amnesia, a kind of dissociative disorder. […] One such condition is known as dissociative amnesia, a kind of significant memory loss that happens as an after-effect of a traumatic or stressful event. […] Below, we’ll delve into the connection between past trauma and dissociative amnesia, highlighting how past traumatic experiences can cause an enduring negative impact on how our memory functions. […] Dissociative amnesia, along with other dissociative disorder symptoms, is caused by profound psychological distress (usually in response to past trauma) rather than structural damage to the brain or excessive substance use. […] During a traumatic event, the brain handles and remembers sensory information differently than normal.

• #2 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurological-disorders/amnesia/

  Long dramatized in movies and novels, amnesia refers to a profound loss of memory thats temporary, permanent, or progressive (gets worse over time). […] Depending on the type and cause of amnesia, the condition can affect your ability to recall information or past experiences or even form new memories and learn new skills, significantly impacting your independence and quality of life. […] In many cases, amnesia resolves on its own, and treatment usually focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the memory loss. […] Some forms of amnesia, such as dissociative and post-traumatic amnesia, stem from psychological trauma or severe stress. More often, however, amnesia results from issues that can directly damage the brain, including: […] Traumatic brain injury […] Brain surgery […] General anesthesia

• #2 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  Short-term alcohol use can cause blackout. This is a temporary form of anterograde amnesia. […] Severe trauma or stress can also cause dissociative amnesia. […] If you receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression or other conditions, you could experience retrograde amnesia of the weeks or months before your treatment.

• #2 Transient Global Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden, temporary loss of memory for events before, during, and after the event that caused the amnesia. […] What causes transient global amnesia is not known, but a similar, temporary loss of memory can result from drinking too much alcohol or taking certain drugs. […] Some experts wonder whether the causes could include seizures, migraines, problems with blood flow in the veins, or temporary blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the temporal lobe (for example, by a blood clot), and/or psychologic factors. However, there is no strong evidence that any of these conditions cause transient global amnesia. […] However, usually no trigger can be identified. […] The following can cause symptoms that resemble those of transient global amnesia: Drinking too much alcohol, Taking moderately large doses of certain sedatives (such as a barbiturate), Using any of several illicit drugs, Sometimes taking relatively small doses of a benzodiazepine (a sedative), especially midazolam and triazolam. […] There is no specific treatment for transient global amnesia. It has no lasting effects and only rarely recurs.

• #2 Causes of Amnesia – Bay Biosciences

  https://baybiosciences.com/causes-of-amnesia/

  Amnesia is a form of memory loss. It is when a person can no longer recall information that is stored in their memory. […] Amnesia refers to a large-scale loss of long-term memory due to illness, brain injury, or psychological trauma. […] Any disease or injury that affects the brain can interfere with memory. Memory function engages many different parts of the brain simultaneously. […] Damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, such as the hippocampus and thalamus, can lead to amnesia. The limbic system controls a person’s emotions and memories. […] Amnesia may result from brain injury or damage. Possible causes include the following: A brain tumor that affects a part of the brain involved in memory. […] Certain medications, such as the insomnia drug Ambien […] Head injuries, which can lead to loss of memory that is usually temporary.

• #2 Amnesia Vs Dementia (Differences & Similarities In Memory Loss)

  https://optoceutics.com/amnesia-vs-dementia-memory-loss-differences/?srsltid=AfmBOoociKOiIXNFcysszE0EUX9-7ZC2G5W0ZD70HFRITuxeQEv5R93o

  The degeneration of brain cells in dementia worsens over time, impairing daily life. […] This degeneration is caused by the collection of abnormal proteins such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. […] A person may suffer from memory loss without having dementia. […] This may be due to several factors that cause memory loss, such as: The patient is going through a period of high-stress levels that causes them to have lapses in memory or issues concentrating. […] Side effects from medication such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and sedatives may cause side effects such as memory loss. […] Memory loss may turn into dementia if the patient is over the age of 65, has a family history and risk of dementia, a genetic mutation, a sedentary lifestyle with excessive smoking and drinking, and has medical conditions such as high blood pressure, depression, and diabetes. […] The overlap between dementia and amnesia is that memory loss is seen in both, though the nature or extent of memory loss differs.

• #2 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurological-disorders/amnesia/

  Electroconvulsive therapy […] Brain tumors […] Migraine, specifically with transient global amnesia […] Cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen) […] Stroke […] Seizure […] Alzheimers disease and other forms of dementia […] Degenerative brain diseases, such as Parkinsons disease and multiple sclerosis […] Encephalitis (viral infection of the brain) […] Chronic alcohol abuse, which causes a deficiency in thiamin (vitamin B1), resulting in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition affecting brain functioning and memory […] Certain drugs, such as heroin, barbiturates (depressant drugs sometimes used to treat epilepsy and seizures), and sedatives […] Carbon monoxide poisoning, heavy metal poisoning, and other forms of toxin exposure. […] Amnesia can result from various causes, including head trauma and psychological stress.

• #2 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Stroke has been linked to anterograde amnesia. […] Chronic alcoholism: Drinking a lot over time can result in a thiamine (B1) deficiency, leading to Korsakoff syndrome, which causes significant problems in anterograde episodic memory. […] Concussion/sports injury: Concussion and sports injury to the head have been linked to anterograde amnesia. […] Electroconvulsive therapy: ECT is an effective treatment for depression. Anterograde amnesia is one observed side effect, although research suggests that this effect may be temporary or short-term.

• #2 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. This confused state isn’t caused by a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. […] The underlying cause of transient global amnesia is unknown. There may be a link between transient global amnesia and a history of migraines. But experts don’t understand the factors that contribute to both conditions. Another possible cause is the overfilling of veins with blood due to some sort of blockage or other problem with the flow of blood (venous congestion). […] While the likelihood of transient global amnesia after these events is very low, some commonly reported events that may trigger it include: Sudden immersion in cold or hot water, Strenuous physical activity, Sexual intercourse, Medical procedures, such as angiography or endoscopy, Mild head trauma, Being emotionally upset, perhaps by bad news, conflict or overwork.

• #2 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. […] The etiology of transient global amnesia remains largely unknown, with multiple theories proposed but none conclusively proven. The most supported theory suggests a link to migraines, as 12% to 30% of transient global amnesia patients have a migraine history. Some researchers propose that transient global amnesia may involve cortical spreading depression similar to migraine aura. […] Other suspected causes include vascular phenomena, epilepsy, and psychogenic origins. Studies have both supported and refuted arterial ischemia as a cause. Vascular congestion is a leading hypothesis, yet questions about its association with specific age groups and absence in venous thrombosis remain unresolved. […] Ultimately, no single theory fully explains all clinical aspects of transient global amnesia.

• #2 WebMD: Transient Global Amnesia Is an Experience You’ll Never Forget

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/webmd-transient-global-amnesia-is-an-experience-youll-never-forget/

  Transient global amnesia affects the brains ability to form and store new memories as well as access old ones, said Nancy Sicotte, MD, chair of the Department of Neurology at Cedars-Sinai. […] It is most common in older and middle-aged adults and is sometimes linked to having a history of migraines. […] Sicotte, who holds the Womens Guild Distinguished Chair in Neurology, told WebMD that while the exact cause of transient global amnesia is unclear, it could be triggered by a temporary decrease in oxygen to the hippocampus—the area of the brain that plays a role in forming new memories. […] What we dont understand is exactly what is happening on a physiological level, Sicotte said. Theres a decrease in blood flow, but why? […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, Sicotte told WebMD, the machinery our brain uses to make new memories and also access old memories is offline. Its like a switch goes off. Maybe its a protective mechanism.

• #2 5 Common Causes of Amnesia and How to Recover

  https://vantagepointrecovery.com/causes-of-amnesia/

  Amnesia is a form of memory loss that can be temporary or permanent. There are many reasons for amnesia, including stress, a trauma to the brain and psychological disorders. […] Incidents that can cause amnesia include brain inflammation, lack of oxygen to the brain, substance abuse, tumors and emotional traumas. These are just a few of the ways the limbic system in the brain can be damaged and lead to amnesia. […] Brain inflammation is caused by bacterial or viral infection and may be the result of an immune system disorder. […] A lack of oxygen to the brain is called brain hypoxia. Symptoms can appear as the inability to make decisions and focus, along with memory loss. […] It has been proven that alcohol can impair the brain. Specifically, the hippocampus region of the brain that deals with memories. Alcohol can significantly impair the brain from creating new long-term memories. […] The American Brain Tumor Association reports that memory loss in patients with brain tumors can be caused by the tumor itself. […] Dissociative amnesia, formerly known as psychogenic amnesia, is directly connected to emotional trauma and stress.

• #2 Amnesia: Types, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-to-know-about-amnesia

  Amnesia can be short or long-lasting, depending on the cause. […] Many parts of your brain are involved in memory. Injuries, diseases, or stressful experiences that affect your brain can also affect your memory. […] Some possible causes of amnesia include: Stroke or mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack, or TIA), Encephalitis or brain inflammation, due to a viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction, Not enough oxygen to your brain, which can happen because of a heart attack or respiratory distress, A brain tumor in areas affecting memory, A brain aneurysm, which is a bulging blood vessel that can rupture, Alcohol, which can cause short-term blackouts as well as longer-term memory problems linked to poor absorption of vitamin B1 (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome), Some medications, including general anesthetics, as well as some drugs used for anxiety, poor sleep, allergies, and other conditions, Seizures, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, Other degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis, Severe head injuries, Complications of brain surgery, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a treatment used for severe depression and some other mental health conditions, Toxins, like carbon monoxide and heavy metals, Emotional stress, often linked to traumatic events.

• #2 Memory loss – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/memory-loss

  Memory loss can be caused by many things. To determine a cause, your health care provider will ask if the problem came on suddenly or slowly. […] Many areas of the brain help you create and retrieve memories. A problem in any of these areas can lead to memory loss. […] Memory loss may result from a new injury to the brain, which is caused by or is present after: Brain tumor, Cancer treatment, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or chemotherapy, Concussion or head trauma, Not enough oxygen getting to the brain when your heart or breathing is stopped for too long, Severe brain infection or infection around the brain, Major surgery or severe illness, including brain surgery, Sudden, temporary loss of memory (transient global amnesia) of unclear cause, Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, Fluid collection in the brain (hydrocephalus), Multiple sclerosis, Dementia.

• #2 What is Amnesia? Understanding Memory Loss

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/what-is-amnesia/

  The emergence of acute retrograde amnesia is often associated with stroke, traumatic brain damage, and herpetic encephalitis. Sometimes this type of memory damage occurs as a result of intoxication or metabolic encephalopathy. […] Because the hippocampus is especially sensitive to hypoxia and ischemia, its damage is observed in violation of blood circulation, suffocation, and carbon monoxide intoxication. With a gradually increasing memory loss, it can arise from a tumor, mental illness, degenerative changes in the brain. […] Anterograde amnesia is caused by trauma or previous illness. The patient cannot reconstruct recent events and display their sequence but accurately and distinctly remember past events. […] The causes of the disease can be craniocerebral trauma, surgical interventions. Moreover, to physical impact, mental disorders (dementia, mental retardation, epilepsy) and psychogenic factors (stress, psychological trauma) can lead to illness.

• #2 Causes of Retrograde Amnesia – Ask the Experts 1108

  https://www.speechpathology.com/ask-the-experts/causes-of-retrograde-amnesia-1108

  Stedman’s medical dictionary (2001) defines retrograde amnesia as „amnesia in reference to events that occurred before the trauma or disease that caused the condition (pg. 858).” Therefore, retrograde amnesia affects the individual’s memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma or disease. […] Retrograde amnesia in its pure form is very rare, and would involve an injury or disease that affected either the hippocampus, which is an area of the brain responsible for long term memory, or the inferior aspects of the temporal lobe, which plays a role in the memory for both visual and auditory events. […] There are several reasons why an individual might develop retrograde amnesia. Of all of these, the most common cause would be head trauma, which includes falling, car accidents, sports injuries (i.e., boxing and football), or in general, receiving a blow to the head.

• #2 Dissociative Amnesia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/dissociative-amnesia-understanding-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Those with co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are also at higher risk. […] There is limited evidence suggesting that genetics may play a role in the development of dissociative amnesia. […] Memory loss is the hallmark symptom of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients diagnosed with the condition. […] This memory loss is not due to brain injury or a neurological condition but results from the mind blocking out certain memories, often related to trauma. […] Along with memory loss, difficulty recalling personal information is a key feature of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients. […] In dissociative amnesia, antidepressants may be recommended when depression or anxiety worsens memory loss. […] In dissociative amnesia, these medications may be prescribed if anxiety is contributing to memory loss.

• #2 10 conditions that cause memory loss

  https://www.antidote.me/blog/memory-loss-list

  Memory loss can have a major impact on a persons wellbeing, and while it is most often associated with Alzheimers disease in older people, there are many conditions that can lead to forgetfulness for people of any age. […] Alzheimer’s is likely the most familiar cause of memory loss, as it impacts over 6 million Americans today and has a continually growing patient population. […] Depression does not just impact a persons mood and quality of life it has also been linked to short-term memory loss, in addition to general forgetfulness and confusion. […] Traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, can lead to memory loss, amnesia, confusion, and issues retaining new information. […] Parkinson’s disease is typically thought of for how it impacts motor symptoms and causes tremors, but it can also have an impact on cognitive function. Memory loss and dementia are common symptoms of Parkinsons disease, especially in its later stages.

• #2 Memory loss – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/memory-loss

  Sometimes, memory loss occurs with mental health problems, such as: After a major, traumatic or stressful event, Bipolar disorder, Depression or other mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia. […] Memory loss may be a sign of dementia. Dementia also affects thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Common types of dementia associated with memory loss are: Alzheimer disease, Vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Fronto-temporal dementia, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. […] Other causes of memory loss include: Alcohol or use of prescription or illegal drugs, Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV/AIDS, Overuse of medicines, such as barbiturates, opioids or hypnotics, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often causes short-term memory loss, Epilepsy that is not well controlled, Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to brain tissue or nerve cells, such as Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, or multiple sclerosis, Low levels of important nutrients or vitamins, such as low vitamin B1 or B12.

• #2 Sudden Memory Loss: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/sudden-memory-loss

  Sudden memory loss is usually due to a disease, condition, or event (like surgery) disrupting the way parts of your brain works. […] Many prescription drugs can affect your memory. […] A 2018 review of earlier studies found that people having depression had a reduced ability to recall memories. […] Too little vitamin B12 in your diet can also affect your memory. […] When your thyroid makes too little of its hormones called hypothyroidism your whole body slows down. […] If you binge drink have many drinks in a short time you may sometimes „black out.” […] A fall, car accident, or other hard knock to the head can leave you unable to remember people or events. […] A stroke can cause short-term or long-term memory loss. […] Damage to the brain from a tumor or its treatments can affect memory.

• #2 Amnesias – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/function-and-dysfunction-of-the-cerebral-lobes/amnesias

  Amnesia is partial or total inability to recall past experiences or inability to store new memories after the causative event. It may result from traumatic brain injury, degeneration, metabolic disorders, seizures, or psychologic disturbances. […] Amnesia can result from diffuse cerebral impairment, bilateral lesions, or multifocal injuries that impair memory-storage areas in the cerebral hemispheres. […] Amnesia may be caused by thiamin deficiency (by causing Wernicke encephalopathy or Korsakoff psychosis) in patients with chronic alcohol abuse or severe undernutrition, traumatic brain injury, seizures, global brain anoxia or ischemia, encephalitis, embolic occlusion at the top of the basilar artery, causing ischemia in the anterior medial temporal lobes, degenerative dementias such as Alzheimer disease, various drug intoxications, hypothalamic tumors, and psychologic trauma or stress.

• #2 Memory loss (amnesia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/memory-loss-amnesia/

  Most people forget things from time to time, but see a GP if you keep having problems with your memory. It could be caused by something that can be treated. […] Memory loss can just be a natural part of getting older. […] Sometimes it may be caused by something common and treatable like: stress, anxiety or depression, sleeping problems (insomnia). […] Occasionally, memory loss can be a sign of something more serious, such as dementia. […] Any treatment that’s recommended will depend on the cause of your memory problems.

• #2 Memory Loss After a Car Accident: Causes and Legal Implications

  https://jhornelaw.com/blog/memory-loss-car-accident-causes-legal-implications/

  Many people experience physical injuries after a car crash. […] Car accidents are the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and a study by Cambridge University found that most who experienced a TBI in an accident also reported memory loss. […] There are two main reasons why memory loss might happen after a car accident: Traumatic brain injury. A TBI is a brain injury caused by a blow to the head. More serious TBIs can lead to long-term memory loss. […] Psychological trauma. Severe emotional distress from the accident can cause a type of memory loss called dissociative amnesia. […] Memory loss can take many forms. Sometimes, people forget the accident itself, while others may struggle to remember events from before the crash. […] Retrograde amnesia. This is when you cannot remember things from before the accident. […] Post-traumatic amnesia. This is when you can’t remember what happened right after the accident. […] Dissociative amnesia. This is when the brain blocks out painful memories to protect itself. […] Anterograde amnesia. This means you can’t form new memories after the accident.

• #2 Wait, What’s My Name Again? Here’s What Drugs Cause Amnesia – San Antonio Recovery CenterVisit our FacebookVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelclosebarsangle-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinstagramfacebook-blankrss-blanklinkedin-bla

  https://www.sanantoniorecoverycenter.com/rehab-blog/what-drugs-cause-amnesia/

  Certain drugs can interfere with the brains’ ability to adequately process or form memories. […] People living with addiction are more vulnerable to instances of amnesia because the parts of our brain connected to addiction overlap with the areas that support cognitive function, including memory. […] The medical community is still learning about drug-related amnesia and memory loss, and we don’t have all the “why” and “how” answers yet. Researchers are constantly making new discoveries, sometimes even disproving previously-held beliefs. […] Below is a list of drugs most commonly-know to cause amnesia. If a drug is not on this list, it doesn’t mean that it can’t cause amnesia. Research on drugs and memory loss, including the possibility of opioid-related amnesia, is ongoing. […] Alcohol can cause a form of anterograde amnesia referred to as a “blackout.”

• #2 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.carehospitals.com/diseases-conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia has a variety of causes that fall into two main categories: […] Neurological Causes: Brain damage or injury to areas vital for memory processing can lead to amnesia. Common neurological amnesia causes include: Stroke, Brain inflammation due to viral infections or autoimmune reactions, Cerebral hypoxia-lack of oxygen to the brain, Long-term alcohol misuse leads to vitamin B1 deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome), Brain tumours, Alzheimer’s disease and other degenerative nerve tissue diseases, Seizures, Certain medications, especially sedatives, Head injuries and concussions, Brain aneurysms, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Toxins and poisons, such as carbon monoxide or heavy metals. […] Psychological causes of amnesia typically involve traumatic events or severe mental distress, including: Dissociative disorders, especially dissociative amnesia, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

• #2 United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5992608/

  However, such approaches to ameliorate or reverse amnesia need to be complemented with continuing efforts to address the underlying cause of the disorder. This is especially the case for chronic forms of amnesia, as the memory will become inaccessible again if the problem is still present, such as in neurodegenerative disorders.

• #3 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Amnesia is when you have significant memory loss. There are many possible causes of it. Sometimes its a symptom of other conditions, but it can also happen on its own. It can involve past memories, or you can have trouble making and storing new memories. Treating the underlying cause may reverse it, but some causes are permanent. […] Amnesia can happen for many reasons. The causes fall broadly into two main categories: neurological causes and psychological causes. […] Neurological causes of amnesia all involve damage to your brain or disruptions in brain activity. The possible causes include (but arent limited to) the following: Alcohol intoxication (this can temporarily block the formation of new memories, causing a blackout). Alzheimers disease. Brain aneurysms. Brain tumors (including cancerous and noncancerous growths). Cerebral hypoxia (brain damage from lack of oxygen). Drugs and medications (especially certain sedatives and anesthesia medications), including nonmedical drug use. Epilepsy and seizures (especially temporal lobe epilepsy). Frontotemporal dementia. Head injuries like concussions or traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Infections (especially ones that cause encephalitis like herpes simplex virus). Other degenerative brain diseases, like Parkinsons disease or multiple sclerosis (MS). Stroke. Toxins and poisons like carbon monoxide poisoning or heavy metal poisoning. Transient global amnesia. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (this is a severe vitamin B1 deficiency that happens with long-term alcohol use disorder).

• #3 Amnesia: Types, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-to-know-about-amnesia

  Amnesia can be short or long-lasting, depending on the cause. […] Many parts of your brain are involved in memory. Injuries, diseases, or stressful experiences that affect your brain can also affect your memory. […] Some possible causes of amnesia include: Stroke or mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack, or TIA), Encephalitis or brain inflammation, due to a viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction, Not enough oxygen to your brain, which can happen because of a heart attack or respiratory distress, A brain tumor in areas affecting memory, A brain aneurysm, which is a bulging blood vessel that can rupture, Alcohol, which can cause short-term blackouts as well as longer-term memory problems linked to poor absorption of vitamin B1 (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome), Some medications, including general anesthetics, as well as some drugs used for anxiety, poor sleep, allergies, and other conditions, Seizures, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, Other degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis, Severe head injuries, Complications of brain surgery, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a treatment used for severe depression and some other mental health conditions, Toxins, like carbon monoxide and heavy metals, Emotional stress, often linked to traumatic events.

• #3 Causes of Amnesia – Bay Biosciences

  https://baybiosciences.com/causes-of-amnesia/

  Illnesses that cause encephalitis, or brain inflammation, which typically include bacterial or viral infection or autoimmune reaction. […] Oxygen deprivation, which may result from a heart attack, respiratory distress, or carbon monoxide poisoning. […] Some seizures disorder. […] Subarachnoid hemorrhage, or bleeding in the area between the skull and the brain […] Stroke […] Surgery and anesthesia, which may cause a person to have trouble remembering what happened right before or after the procedure. […] Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition caused by extended alcohol misuse or thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency, can lead to progressive memory loss that worsens over time. […] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM5) lists amnesia as a type of dissociative disorder. This usually refers to anterograde or retrograde amnesia caused by psychological trauma or stress without the presence of any physical cause. […] Any intolerable life situation that causes severe psychological stress and internal conflict can lead to some degree of amnesia. Psychological stressors are more likely to disrupt personal, historical memories rather than interfere with forming new memories.

• #3 Seizures Can Cause Memory Loss; Brain-Mapping Research Suggests One Reason Why | UVA Today

  https://news.virginia.edu/content/seizures-can-cause-memory-loss-brain-mapping-research-suggests-one-reason-why

  Many people with epilepsy also experience memory problems. Patients often experience retrograde amnesia, where they cannot remember what happened immediately before their seizure. […] Seizures can be caused by a number of factors, ranging from abnormalities in brain structure and genetic mutations to infections and autoimmune conditions. Often, the root cause of a seizure isn’t known. […] Some patients with temporal lobe epilepsy experience retrograde amnesia and are unable to recall events immediately before their seizure. […] This may be because these seizures affect the hippocampus, a region in the temporal lobe important for memory storage and processing. […] We reasoned that disruption of this pathway might cause memory loss. […] This confirmed that a single seizure was enough for the mice to forget what they learned just before the seizure. […] Because they use the same brain pathways, seizures can disrupt the memory consolidation process by taking over the circuit. This meant that seizures can hijack the memory pathways and cause amnesia. […] Future studies on other brain regions will further clarify how seizures cause memory loss.

• #3 Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/amnesia

  Dementia such as Alzheimer disease. […] Chronic alcohol abuse. […] A brain tumor. […] Severe mental stress (as occurs in dissociative amnesia). […] Use of certain drugs (such as some antidepressants, muscle relaxants, or opioids, as well as amphotericin B or lithium). […] Depending on the cause, amnesia may be temporary, as occurs after head injury. […] Permanent and unchanging (as occurs after a serious disorder such as encephalitis or a stroke that affects a large part of the brain). […] Progressive (as occurs with disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the brain, such as Alzheimer disease). […] Whether memories can be recovered depends on the severity and cause of the damage. Often, the damage is not severe, or the cause is temporary. […] However, when damage is substantial, memory often cannot be recovered.

• #3 Amnesias – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/function-and-dysfunction-of-the-cerebral-lobes/amnesias

  Amnesia is partial or total inability to recall past experiences or inability to store new memories after the causative event. It may result from traumatic brain injury, degeneration, metabolic disorders, seizures, or psychologic disturbances. […] Amnesia can result from diffuse cerebral impairment, bilateral lesions, or multifocal injuries that impair memory-storage areas in the cerebral hemispheres. […] Amnesia may be caused by thiamin deficiency (by causing Wernicke encephalopathy or Korsakoff psychosis) in patients with chronic alcohol abuse or severe undernutrition, traumatic brain injury, seizures, global brain anoxia or ischemia, encephalitis, embolic occlusion at the top of the basilar artery, causing ischemia in the anterior medial temporal lobes, degenerative dementias such as Alzheimer disease, various drug intoxications, hypothalamic tumors, and psychologic trauma or stress.

• #3 Wait, What’s My Name Again? Here’s What Drugs Cause Amnesia – San Antonio Recovery CenterVisit our FacebookVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelclosebarsangle-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinstagramfacebook-blankrss-blanklinkedin-bla

  https://www.sanantoniorecoverycenter.com/rehab-blog/what-drugs-cause-amnesia/

  Certain drugs can interfere with the brains’ ability to adequately process or form memories. […] People living with addiction are more vulnerable to instances of amnesia because the parts of our brain connected to addiction overlap with the areas that support cognitive function, including memory. […] The medical community is still learning about drug-related amnesia and memory loss, and we don’t have all the “why” and “how” answers yet. Researchers are constantly making new discoveries, sometimes even disproving previously-held beliefs. […] Below is a list of drugs most commonly-know to cause amnesia. If a drug is not on this list, it doesn’t mean that it can’t cause amnesia. Research on drugs and memory loss, including the possibility of opioid-related amnesia, is ongoing. […] Alcohol can cause a form of anterograde amnesia referred to as a “blackout.”

• #3 Wait, What’s My Name Again? Here’s What Drugs Cause Amnesia – San Antonio Recovery CenterVisit our FacebookVisit our LinkedInVisit our YouTube channelclosebarsangle-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinstagramfacebook-blankrss-blanklinkedin-bla

  https://www.sanantoniorecoverycenter.com/rehab-blog/what-drugs-cause-amnesia/

  Anticholinergics, such as zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zolpidem, can cause amnesia. […] Benzodiazepines like alprazolam can cause anterograde amnesia, especially when taken in high doses or intravenously. […] Also known as Rohypnol and GHB, or “date rape” drugs, Flunitrazepam and Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate cause amnesia. […] Ketamine can cause significant memory blackouts, the severity of which depends on the individual and the dosage. […] Most drug-related amnesia comes and goes in less than a day, then your brain returns to normal. However, many drugs can cause severe memory impairment or cognitive damage that doesn’t simply disappear the way amnesia does.

• #3 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Stroke has been linked to anterograde amnesia. […] Chronic alcoholism: Drinking a lot over time can result in a thiamine (B1) deficiency, leading to Korsakoff syndrome, which causes significant problems in anterograde episodic memory. […] Concussion/sports injury: Concussion and sports injury to the head have been linked to anterograde amnesia. […] Electroconvulsive therapy: ECT is an effective treatment for depression. Anterograde amnesia is one observed side effect, although research suggests that this effect may be temporary or short-term.

• #3 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. […] The etiology of transient global amnesia remains largely unknown, with multiple theories proposed but none conclusively proven. The most supported theory suggests a link to migraines, as 12% to 30% of transient global amnesia patients have a migraine history. Some researchers propose that transient global amnesia may involve cortical spreading depression similar to migraine aura. […] Other suspected causes include vascular phenomena, epilepsy, and psychogenic origins. Studies have both supported and refuted arterial ischemia as a cause. Vascular congestion is a leading hypothesis, yet questions about its association with specific age groups and absence in venous thrombosis remain unresolved. […] Ultimately, no single theory fully explains all clinical aspects of transient global amnesia.

• #3 Retrograde Amnesia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Mentalzon

  https://mentalzon.com/en/post/3649/retrograde-amnesia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options

  The damage that leads to this condition may disturb the temporal lobes (critical for long-term memory storage), prefrontal areas (important for organizing and retrieving memories working memory and executive functions), all of which play significant roles in memory formation and recall. […] The primary goal in treating retrograde amnesia is to address the underlying cause of the brain damage. […] Preventing retrograde amnesia, as previously discussed, focuses on reducing the risks of its underlying causes.

• #3 Dissociative Amnesia | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/post/dissociative-amnesia-2

  The experience of trauma can change your brain chemistry. […] The stress response triggered by trauma can impact the hippocampus, an important part of the brain for forming and recalling memories, affecting its ability to accurately store and remember memories. […] This change in brain response helps explain why people with trauma-related disorders often experience memory processing and recall issues—possibly including dissociative amnesia.

• #3 10 Early Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer’s & Dementia | alz.org

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs

  Memory loss that disrupts daily life may be a symptom of Alzheimer’s or other dementia. Alzheimer’s is a brain disease that causes a slow decline in memory, thinking and reasoning skills. […] One of the most common signs of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in the early stage, is forgetting recently learned information. […] Individuals living with Alzheimer’s or other dementia may experience changes in judgment or decision-making. […] If you notice any of the 10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer’s in yourself or someone you know, don’t ignore them. Schedule an appointment with your doctor. […] With early detection, you can explore treatments that may provide some relief of symptoms and help you maintain a level of independence longer.

• #3 Dissociative Amnesia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/resources/dissociative-amnesia-understanding-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Those with co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are also at higher risk. […] There is limited evidence suggesting that genetics may play a role in the development of dissociative amnesia. […] Memory loss is the hallmark symptom of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients diagnosed with the condition. […] This memory loss is not due to brain injury or a neurological condition but results from the mind blocking out certain memories, often related to trauma. […] Along with memory loss, difficulty recalling personal information is a key feature of dissociative amnesia, affecting all patients. […] In dissociative amnesia, antidepressants may be recommended when depression or anxiety worsens memory loss. […] In dissociative amnesia, these medications may be prescribed if anxiety is contributing to memory loss.

• #3 Amnesia | Types, Symptoms, Causes, Illness & Condition

  https://human-memory.net/amnesia/

  Amnesia is defined as a temporary or permanent state of decreased memory. Depending on the cause of damage, it may result in partial or complete memory loss. Amnesia can occur either due to damage to some areas of the brain or due to some substance abuse. It may also be present in some individuals at the time of birth. […] The causes of amnesia can be divided into three categories; physical trauma, psychological trauma or traumatic events, and nutrient deficiencies. […] Any physical trauma to the head can result in amnesia. It involves any physical injury encountered by head due to car accidents, fall from some height, hit by some metal rod, head trauma during a fight, etc. […] Psychological trauma refers to the traumatic events that are distressful to a person. Different events can cause psychological trauma to a person depending on his behavior. […] The deficiency of a nutrient may also cause memory loss. For example, thiamine deficiency in Korsakoffs syndrome causes anterograde and retrograde amnesia. […] In this therapy, electrical seizures are given to the patients. These can result in anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

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